English Verb Tenses Guide - Learn About Simple, Perfect, and Continuous Tenses

英语动词时态指南 — 学简单式、完成式和进行式时态

Hi I'm Martin.

嗨，我是Martin。

Welcome to Oxford Online English.

欢迎来到Oxford Online English。

In this lesson you can learn about English verb tenses.

在本节课里，您可以学到 英语动词时态。

Are you confused about your simple, perfect and continuous tenses?

您有混淆了您的简单式、完成式和 进行式吗？

Do you know how many verb tenses there are in English?

您知道在英语里有多少 动词时态吗？

In this lesson, you can get a big picture understanding of English verb tenses.

在本节课里，您有一幅理解英语 动词时态的巨幅画。

You’ll learn what connects English verb forms, which will make it easier for you to

您会学到英语动词形式连接到什么、 哪一个对您学习和理解

learn and understand verb tenses in English.

英语动词时态来说会更容易。

Let's start with an overview of the topic so that you understand what you're dealing

我们从一个主题的纵览开始， 这样您理解

with.

您在应付什么。

Every English verb form has two parts.

每个英语动词形式有两个部分。

The first part is the time: past, present or future.

第一部分是时间： 过去、现在或将来。

The second part is the aspect: simple, continuous, perfect, or perfect continuous.

第二部分是型态：简单式、进行式、 完成式或完成进行式。

So, there are three times and four aspects.

所以，有三种时态和四种型态。

You can combine these in twelve different ways.

您可以用十二种不同的 方式组合这些。

Pause the video if you want more time to look at the table.

如果您想要更多时间去看这个 表图，暂停视屏。

Let’s do a quick test.

我们做一个快速测试。

Can you recognise these three verb forms?

您可以识别出这三个动词形式吗？

I was having dinner this time yesterday.

I was having dinner this time yesterday.

He’s been sitting there for hours.

He’s been sitting there for hours.

Where will you be next week?

Where will you be next week?

Do you know the answers?

您知道答案吗？

Let’s check!

我们检查一下！

In the first sentence, the time is past, and the aspect is continuous: it’s past continuous.

在第一句，时态是过去式，型态是 进行式：那是过去进行式。

In the second sentence, the time is present, and the aspect is perfect continuous: it’s

在第二句，时态是现在式， 型态是完成进行式：

present perfect continuous.

那是现在完成进行式。

In the third sentence, the time is future, and the aspect is simple: it’s future simple.

在第三句，时态是将来式， 型态是简单式：那是将来简单式。

You don’t need to remember all of this now.

您现在不必去记住所有这些。

What you should remember: all English verb forms are made of these two parts: time plus

您要记住的是：所有的英语动词形式 是由这两个部分组成：

aspect.

时间加型态。

One more point: different teachers, books and courses sometimes use different words

再多一个重点：不同的老师、书本和课程 有时使用不同的单词

for these things.

来描述这些事情。

For example, some books use the word ‘progressive’ instead of ‘continuous’.

例如，一些书籍使用单词“progressive” 取代“continuous”。

So, instead of ‘present continuous’, they say ‘present progressive’.

所以，取代“present continuous”，他们 说“present progressive”。

Other words have the same problem.

其他的单词有相同的问题。

For example, the words ‘tense’ and ‘aspect’ are used in different ways by different people.

例如，单词“tense”和“aspect”被 不同的人以不同的方式使用。

Our advice?

我们的建议？

Don’t think too much about the words.

有关单词，不要考虑太多。

Focus on the ideas.

专注于想法。

I understand it can be confusing, but this is really not your problem that people don’t

我理解那能被混淆，但是，人们没有 始终如一地使用这些词，

use these words consistently!

这真的不是您的问题！

Next, let’s talk more about time.

接下来，我们谈谈时间。

I said we’re going to talk about past, present and future, but really, we’re mostly going

我说我们会谈论过去式、现在式 和将来式，但是，真的，

to talk about the future.

我们主要去谈将来式。

Why—why is the future different?

为什么 — 为什么将来式是不同的？

English verbs have past and present forms.

英语动词有过去式和现在式形式。

For example:

例如：

be – was do – did

be – was do – did

want – wanted

want – wanted

So, to make a present form past, just change the present verb to the past verb, like this:

所以，要用一个现在式构建过去式，只需将动词 现在式更改为动词过去式，像是这样：

I go shopping once a week.

I go shopping once a week.

→ I went shopping once a week.

→ I went shopping once a week.

She’s running in the park.

She’s running in the park.

→ She was running in the park.

→ She was running in the park.

We haven’t seen it yet.

We haven’t seen it yet.

→ We hadn’t seen it yet.

→ We hadn’t seen it yet.

It doesn’t matter if the aspect is simple, continuous, perfect or perfect continuous.

如果型态是简单式、进行式、完成式或 完成进行式，那不是问题。

Using a present or a past verb decides whether the meaning is present or past.

无论意思是现在还是过去，使用 一个现在式或过去式动词描述。

That’s almost too simple, right?

那几乎是太简单了，对吗？

But what about the future?

但是，将来式呢？

There are no future verb forms; you can’t change the verb to make it future.

没有将来式动词形式，您不能 改变动词，让它成将来式。

So, you have to add something before the verb.

所以，您必须在动词前面添加某些东西。

For example:

例如：

I’ll be waiting for you outside the station.

I’ll be waiting for you outside the station.

When are you going to tell her?

When are you going to tell her?

He might join us later.

He might join us later.

Now, you can see why the future is more complicated.

现在，您可以看到为什么将来式是更复杂。

There are many things you can add before the verb to give it a future meaning.

要给动词一个将来的意思，在动词 前面，有很多东西可以添加。

You saw examples with will, be going to and might, but there are other possibilities.

您看到带有will、be going to和might的 例句，但是，有另一种可能性。

It’s also very common to use present verb forms with a future meaning, like this:

使用带有将来意思的现在式动词形式， 那也是常见的，像是这个：

What are you doing this weekend?

What are you doing this weekend?

Class starts at 10:00.

Class starts at 10:00.

So, talking about the future is more complex.

所以，谈论将来式是很复杂的。

There isn’t one way to give a verb a future meaning in English, and there’s also a large

在英语里，没有一个方法来给动词 一个将来的含义，在将来式和

overlap between the present and the future.

现在式之间，也有一个很大的重叠。

What should you remember from all this?

您应该记住什么？

Remember that every verb has only one past form, and only one present form, but there

记住每一个动词只有一个过去式形式， 只有一个现在式形式，但是，

are many possible future forms.

有很多可能的将来式形式。

There isn’t one ‘future tense’ in English.

在英语里，没有一个“future tense”。

Now, let’s talk about aspect.

现在，我们来谈谈型态。

Look at three sentences:

看三个句子：

I went to Rome last year.

I went to Rome last year.

I go to work by bus.

I go to work by bus.

I’ll go with you.

I’ll go with you.

What are these three verb forms?

这三个是什么动词形式？

They’re all simple: past simple, present simple, and future simple.

他们都很简单：过去简单式、 现在简单式以及将来简单式。

You can see that for the past and present simple, you just use the present or past form

您可以看到，对于过去简单式和现在 简单式，您只要使用动词的

of the verb, without adding anything.

现在形式和过去形式，不用添加任何东西。

For the future simple, you need to add something, like will or going to.

对于将来简单式，您需要添加某些 东西，像是“will”或“going to”。

In general, simple verb forms describe two things:

通常来说，简单动词形式 描述两件事情：

One: single actions.

一：单个动作。

Two: repeated actions or states.

二：重复的动作或状态。

So, I went to Rome or I’ll go with you describe single actions in the past or the future.

所以“ I went to Rome ”或“I’ll go with you”描述 在过去或将来的单个动作。

I go to work by bus describes a repeated action in the present.

“I go to work by bus”描述在 现在一个重复的动作。

The present simple can’t generally be used to talk about single actions.

现在简单式一般不能被用 来谈论单个动作。

The present simple generally expresses repeated actions or states.

现在简单式一般表达重复的 动作或状态。

The past and future simple can be used to talk about single actions, repeated actions

过去简单式和将来简单式可以被用来 谈论单个动作、

or states.

重复的动作或状态。

For example:

例如：

I went to Rome every year until 2012.

I went to Rome every year until 2012.

I’ll go with you on Tuesday and Wednesday, but I can’t on Thursday.

I’ll go with you on Tuesday and Wednesday, but I can’t on Thursday.

So, what about continuous verb forms?

所以，那进行式动词形式呢？

Let’s start with three examples:

我们从三个例句开始：

I was eating dinner at seven o’clock last night.

I was eating dinner at seven o’clock last night.

I’m eating a tuna sandwich.

I’m eating a tuna sandwich.

This time next week, I’ll be eating fresh seafood on an island!

This time next week, I’ll be eating fresh seafood on an island!

These three sentences are all continuous: past continuous, present continuous and future

这三句全部都是进行式： 过去进行式、

continuous.

现在进行式和将来进行式。

Can you see what connects them?

您能看到他们有什么连接吗？

First, all continuous forms use the verb be, together with an -ing verb.

首先，所有进行式形式使用动词“be”， 加动词的 -ing。

So, to make a continuous form, take the verb be in the past, present or future, then add

所以，要造一个进行式形式，在 过去式、现在式或将来式，

your main verb with -ing on the end.

放动词“be”，然后添加h-ing结尾的主动词。

For example:

例如：

She was telling me a really interesting story.

She was telling me a really interesting story.

They aren’t helping at all.

They aren’t helping at all.

It’ll be getting dark at five o’clock.

It’ll be getting dark at five o’clock.

What about the meaning of continuous forms?

进行式形式的意思是什么？

Can you see what connects these examples?

您可以看出是什么连接了这些例句吗？

Continuous forms describe things which are incomplete.

进行式形式描述没有完成的事情。

Generally, continuous forms are used to talk about one moment in time.

一般来说，进行式用来谈论时间上的某一时刻。

So, you say I was eating dinner at seven o’clock last night because you’re talking about

所以，您说我在昨晚七点钟吃晚餐， 因为您在谈论时间上的某个

a moment in time (seven o’clock), and something incomplete—you hadn’t finished your dinner

时刻（七点钟）以及某些 未完成的事情 — 您当时

at that moment.

没有吃完您的晚餐。

In the sentence She was telling me a really interesting story, you’re talking about

在句子“She was telling me a really interesting story”里，您在谈论

a moment in time when she was in the middle of her story.

当她在故事里时间上的某个时刻。

You use a continuous form because, at that moment, she hadn’t finished her story.

您使用一个进行式形式，因为在当时， 她没有讲完她的故事。

Okay, but what about perfect verb forms?

好，但是，那动词完成式形式呢？

Again, let’s start with some examples:

同样，我们从一些例句开始：

He hadn’t finished speaking.

He hadn’t finished speaking.

She’s finished all her homework.

She’s finished all her homework.

We‘ll have finished everything by Friday.

We‘ll have finished everything by Friday.

What do you notice?

您注意到什么了？

All perfect tenses use the verb have in the past, present or future form.

所有完成时态在过去式、现在式 或将来式使用动词”have“。

After have, you use a past participle to make the perfect form.

在”have“之后，您使用一个过去 分词来造完成形式。

So, for example, to make the past perfect, you take the past form of have, which is had,

所以，例如，要造过去完成式， 您放"have"的过去形式”had“，

and add a past participle.

并添加一个过去分词。

For example:

例如：

We hadn’t thought about it.

We hadn’t thought about it.

I had never tried miso soup before.

I had never tried miso soup before.

For the future perfect, take the future form of have, which could be will have, and add

对于将来完成式，放”have“的 将来式”will have“，然后添加

a past participle, like this:

一个过去分词，像是：

I’ll have finished all my exams by this time next year.

I’ll have finished all my exams by this time next year.

What about the meaning of perfect verb forms?

动词完成形式的意思是什么？

Can you see anything which connects these three sentences?

您能看到任何连接这三个 句子的东西吗？

Perfect verb forms connect two points in time.

动词完成形式在时间上连接两个点。

For example, He hadn’t finished speaking is past perfect.

例如：He hadn’t finished speaking is past perfect.

This connects two different times or actions in the past.

这连接在过去的两个 不同时间或动作。

To understand this, you need a longer sentence with more information.

要理解这个，您需要一个有更多 信息的更长的句子。

For example:

例如：

He hadn’t finished speaking when everybody started to leave.

He hadn’t finished speaking when everybody started to leave.

The perfect form connects the two different actions.

完成形式连接两个不同的动作。

This is the best way to think about perfect verb forms: perfect verb forms connect two

这是最好的方法来考虑动词完成 形式：动词完成形式

points in time.

在时间上连接两个点。

How does this work in the present?

How does this work in the present?

This is present perfect.

This is present perfect.

What two points in time does this connect?

What two points in time does this connect?

It connects the present and the past.

它连接现在和过去。

She’s finished her homework in the past (before now), and now her homework is done

她在过去完成她的家庭作业（之前和 现在），现在她的家庭作业

and ready to be checked (in the present).

做完了，准备被检查（在现在）。

What about the future?

那将来呢？

This is the future perfect.

这是将来完成式。

In this case, it connects the present to a point in the future.

在这件事例里，它连接现在到 将来的一个时间点。

When you say We’ll have finished everything by Friday, you mean that you’ll finish everything

当您说“We’ll have finished everything by Friday”，您意思是您会在现在

some time between now and Friday.

和周五之间的某个时刻完成所有事情。

You don’t know exactly when you’ll finish everything, but you know that it will be somewhere

您不会准确地知道什么时候您会完成 每件事情，但是，您知道

in this period between now and the future.

那会是在现在与周五之间的 期间内的某个时间点。

Finally, let’s look at perfect continuous forms.

最后，我们看看完成进行式形式。

Here are three examples to begin:

从这里的三个例句开始：

She’d been feeling much better.

She’d been feeling much better.

We’ve been waiting for ages.

We’ve been waiting for ages.

By the end of the day, we’ll have been working without a break for 14 hours.

By the end of the day, we’ll have been working without a break for 14 hours.

What do you notice?

您注意到什么？

You can see that perfect continuous forms are a mix of the perfect and the continuous,

您能看到完成进行式形式是一个完成式和进行式的混合，

which is logical, right?

那是符合逻辑的，对吗？

They’re perfect forms because they use a form of have plus a past participle, which

他们是完成式形式，因为他们使用一个 ”have"加一个过去分词的形式，

in perfect continuous verb forms is always the same: been.

那在完成进行式动词形式 总是相同的：been。

They’re continuous forms because they use be plus a main verb with -ing.

他们是进行式形式，因为他们使用 “be”加一个带“-ing”的主动词。

How do you set the time of a perfect continuous form?

您怎样设定一个完成 进行式形式的时间？

You set the time by changing the form of have.

您通过改变“have”的形式来设定时间。

Use a past, present or future form of have, plus been, plus a verb with -ing.

使用一个“have”的过去式、现在式或将来式形式， 加上“been”，加上一个带“-ing”的动词。

Let’s practise!

我们来练习一下。

Here’s a sentence in the present simple.

这里是一个现在简单式的句子。

I walk through the forest.

I walk through the forest.

Can you change this sentence into the three perfect continuous forms: past, present and

您可以改变这个句子称为三个完成 进行式形式：过去式、

future?

现在式和将来式吗？

Pause the video and try it!

暂停视屏，试一下。

Ready?

做好了吗？

Let’s check your answers:

我们来检查一下您的答案：

I had been walking through the forest.

I had been walking through the forest.

I’ve been walking through the forest.

I’ve been walking through the forest.

I will have been walking through the forest.

I will have been walking through the forest.

Did you get them right?

您答对了吗？

Next, let’s talk about the meaning of perfect continuous forms.

接下来，我们谈论完成进行式 形式的意思。

Again, the meaning is a combination of the two aspects: perfect and continuous.

同样，意思是两个型态的一个组合： 完成式和进行式。

So, the meaning is perfect because these forms connect two points in time.

所以，因为这些形式连接到时间上 的两个点，意思是完成式。

I had been walking through the forest...

I had been walking through the forest...

...when something else happened.

...当其他事情发生时。

For example:

例如：

I had been walking through the forest for hours before I realised I was lost.

I had been walking through the forest for hours before I realised I was lost.

Like you saw before, the perfect aspect is used to connect two points in the past.

像您之前看到的，完成式型态被用于 在过去的两个时间点。

What about the continuous side?

那进行式这边呢？

What meaning does that add?

那增加了什么意思？

It adds the idea of something incomplete or temporary.

它增加了未完成的或临时的 事情的想法。

If you say, She’d been feeling much better, this suggests she was feeling ill either before

如果您说，“She’d been feeling much better”， 这意思是她以前病了，

or after she was feeling better.

或者是她感觉好一些之后。

If you say, We’ve been waiting for ages, you mean that you still haven’t got what

如果您说“We’ve been waiting for ages”， 您意思是您仍然没有

you came for.

达到您来的目的。

The action—waiting—is incomplete.

动作 — waiting — 是未完成的。

If you say, By the end of the day, we’ll have been working without a break for 14 hours,

如果您说，“By the end of the day, we’ll have been working without a break for 14 hours”

you mean that your work still won’t be finished at the end of the day.

您意思是您的工作在当天结束时 仍然没有完成。

The past and future perfect continuous forms are rare, but you still need them sometimes.

过去完成进行式形式和将来完成进行式形式是 很少见的，但是，您有时仍然需要用到它们。

Okay, so now you’ve seen an overview of all the English verb forms.

好了，所以现在您看到了所有英语动词 形式的一个概览。

First of all, remember that this lesson is meant to give you the big picture.

首先，记住本节课是要给您 一幅大的全景。

You’ve seen what connects different English verb tenses, and how verb forms are different

您看到了什么连接不同的英语动词 时态，以及每个动词形式

from each other.

之间是怎么不同的。

However, you’ve seen the most general connections and differences.

然而，您看到了最一般的连接和区别。

This can help you to understand English verb forms, but remember that every English verb

这可以帮您理解英语动词形式，但是， 记住每一个英语动词形式有

form has its own specific uses and meanings.

它自己的特定用途和意思。

Want more practice for this topic?

想要在这个主题有更多的练习吗？

Make sure you check out the full version of this lesson on our website.

确认您在我们的网站上查看 本节课的完整版本。

It includes a quiz to help you review and practice what you've learned in this class.

那包括一个随堂测验来帮您复习和练习 您在本节课里学到的东西。

That’s all from us.

本节课就到这了。

Thanks for watching!

感谢观看！

See you next time!

下次见！