English Verb Tenses Guide - Learn About Simple, Perfect, and Continuous Tenses

英文動詞時態指南 — 學簡單式、完成式和進行式時態

Hi I'm Martin.

嗨，我是Martin。

Welcome to Oxford Online English.

歡迎來到Oxford Online English。

In this lesson you can learn about English verb tenses.

在本節課裡，您可以學到 英文動詞時態。

Are you confused about your simple, perfect and continuous tenses?

您有混淆簡單式、完成式和 進行式嗎？

Do you know how many verb tenses there are in English?

您知道在英文裡有多少 動詞時態嗎？

In this lesson, you can get a big picture understanding of English verb tenses.

在本節課裡，您有一幅理解英文 動詞時態的全景圖。

You’ll learn what connects English verb forms, which will make it easier for you to

您會學到英文動詞格式關聯到什麼、 哪一個對學習和理解

learn and understand verb tenses in English.

英文動詞時態來說會更容易。

Let's start with an overview of the topic so that you understand what you're dealing

我們從一個主題總覽開始， 這樣您理解

with.

您在面對什麼。

Every English verb form has two parts.

每個英文動詞格式有兩個部分。

The first part is the time: past, present or future.

第一部分是時間： 過去、現在或未來。

The second part is the aspect: simple, continuous, perfect, or perfect continuous.

第二部分是型態：簡單式、進行式、 完成式或完成進行式。

So, there are three times and four aspects.

所以，有三種時態和四種型態。

You can combine these in twelve different ways.

您能用十二種不同的 方式組合這些。

Pause the video if you want more time to look at the table.

如果您想要更多的時間看這個 表格，暫停影片。

Let’s do a quick test.

我們做一個快速測試。

Can you recognise these three verb forms?

您可以識別出這三個動詞格式嗎？

I was having dinner this time yesterday.

I was having dinner this time yesterday.

He’s been sitting there for hours.

He’s been sitting there for hours.

Where will you be next week?

Where will you be next week?

Do you know the answers?

您知道答案嗎？

Let’s check!

我們檢查一下！

In the first sentence, the time is past, and the aspect is continuous: it’s past continuous.

在第一句，時態是過去式，型態是 進行式：那是過去進行式。

In the second sentence, the time is present, and the aspect is perfect continuous: it’s

在第二句，時態是現在式， 型態是完成進行式：

present perfect continuous.

那是現在完成進行式。

In the third sentence, the time is future, and the aspect is simple: it’s future simple.

在第三句，時態是未來式， 型態是簡單式：那是未來簡單式。

You don’t need to remember all of this now.

您現在不必去記住所有這些。

What you should remember: all English verb forms are made of these two parts: time plus

您要記住的是：所有英文動詞格式 是由這兩個部分構成：

aspect.

時間加型態。

One more point: different teachers, books and courses sometimes use different words

在多一個要點：不同的老師、課本和課程 有時使用不同的單字

for these things.

來描述這些事情。

For example, some books use the word ‘progressive’ instead of ‘continuous’.

例如，一些書籍使用單字“progressive” 取代“continuous”。

So, instead of ‘present continuous’, they say ‘present progressive’.

所以，取代“present continuous”的是， 他們說“present progressive”。

Other words have the same problem.

其他的單字有相同問題。

For example, the words ‘tense’ and ‘aspect’ are used in different ways by different people.

例如，不同的人以不同的方式使用 單字“tense”和“aspect”。

Our advice?

我們的建議？

Don’t think too much about the words.

有關單字，不要考慮太多。

Focus on the ideas.

專注於想法。

I understand it can be confusing, but this is really not your problem that people don’t

我理解那個可以被混淆，但是，人們沒有 始終如一地使用這些單字，

use these words consistently!

這真的不是您的問題！

Next, let’s talk more about time.

接下來，我們談談時間。

I said we’re going to talk about past, present and future, but really, we’re mostly going

我說我們會談論過去式、現在式 和未來式，但是，真的，

to talk about the future.

我們主要是要談未來式。

Why—why is the future different?

為什麼 — 為什麼未來式是不同的？

English verbs have past and present forms.

英文動詞有過去式格式和現在式格式。

For example:

例如：

be – was do – did

be – was do – did

want – wanted

want – wanted

So, to make a present form past, just change the present verb to the past verb, like this:

所以，要用一個現在式構建過去式，只需要把動詞 現在式更改為動詞過去式，像是這樣：

I go shopping once a week.

I go shopping once a week.

→ I went shopping once a week.

→ I went shopping once a week.

She’s running in the park.

She’s running in the park.

→ She was running in the park.

→ She was running in the park.

We haven’t seen it yet.

We haven’t seen it yet.

→ We hadn’t seen it yet.

→ We hadn’t seen it yet.

It doesn’t matter if the aspect is simple, continuous, perfect or perfect continuous.

如果型態是簡單式、進行式、完成式或 完成進行式，那都不是問題。

Using a present or a past verb decides whether the meaning is present or past.

無論意思是現在還是過去，使用 一個現在式或過去式動詞描述。

That’s almost too simple, right?

那幾乎是太簡單了，對嗎？

But what about the future?

但是，未來式呢？

There are no future verb forms; you can’t change the verb to make it future.

沒有未來式動詞格式，您不能 改變動詞為未來式。

So, you have to add something before the verb.

所以，您必須在動詞前面增加某些東西。

For example:

例如：

I’ll be waiting for you outside the station.

I’ll be waiting for you outside the station.

When are you going to tell her?

When are you going to tell her?

He might join us later.

He might join us later.

Now, you can see why the future is more complicated.

現在，您可以看到為什麼未來式是更複雜的。

There are many things you can add before the verb to give it a future meaning.

要給動詞一個未來的意思，在動詞 前面，有很多東西可以添加。

You saw examples with will, be going to and might, but there are other possibilities.

您看到有will、be going to和might的 例句，但是，有另一種可能性。

It’s also very common to use present verb forms with a future meaning, like this:

使用有未來意思的現在式動詞格式， 那也是常見的，像是這個：

What are you doing this weekend?

What are you doing this weekend?

Class starts at 10:00.

Class starts at 10:00.

So, talking about the future is more complex.

所以，談論未來式是很複雜的。

There isn’t one way to give a verb a future meaning in English, and there’s also a large

在英文裡，沒有一個方法給動詞 一個未來的含義，在未來式和

overlap between the present and the future.

現在式之間，也有一個很大的重疊。

What should you remember from all this?

您應該記住什麼？

Remember that every verb has only one past form, and only one present form, but there

記住每一個動詞只有一個過去式格式， 只有一個現在式格式，但是，

are many possible future forms.

有很多可能的未來式格式。

There isn’t one ‘future tense’ in English.

在英文裡，沒有一個“future tense”。

Now, let’s talk about aspect.

現在，我們來談談型態。

Look at three sentences:

看三個例句：

I went to Rome last year.

I went to Rome last year.

I go to work by bus.

I go to work by bus.

I’ll go with you.

I’ll go with you.

What are these three verb forms?

這三個是什麼動詞格式？

They’re all simple: past simple, present simple, and future simple.

它們都很簡單：過去簡單式、 現在簡單式和未來簡單式。

You can see that for the past and present simple, you just use the present or past form

您可以看到，就過去簡單式和現在 簡單式來說，您只要使用動詞的

of the verb, without adding anything.

現在格式和過去格式，不用添加任何東西。

For the future simple, you need to add something, like will or going to.

對於未來簡單式，您需要添加某些 東西，像是“will”或“going to”。

In general, simple verb forms describe two things:

通常來說，簡單動詞格式 描述兩件事情：

One: single actions.

一：單個動作。

Two: repeated actions or states.

二：重複的動作或狀態。

So, I went to Rome or I’ll go with you describe single actions in the past or the future.

所以“ I went to Rome ”或“I’ll go with you”描述 在過去或未來的單個動作。

I go to work by bus describes a repeated action in the present.

“I go to work by bus”描述在 現在的一個重複動作。

The present simple can’t generally be used to talk about single actions.

現在簡單式一般不能用來 談論單個動作。

The present simple generally expresses repeated actions or states.

現在簡單式一般表達重複的 動作或狀態。

The past and future simple can be used to talk about single actions, repeated actions

過去簡單式和未來簡單式可以用來 談論單個動作、

or states.

重複的動作和狀態。

For example:

例如：

I went to Rome every year until 2012.

I went to Rome every year until 2012.

I’ll go with you on Tuesday and Wednesday, but I can’t on Thursday.

I’ll go with you on Tuesday and Wednesday, but I can’t on Thursday.

So, what about continuous verb forms?

所以，那麼進行式動詞格式呢？

Let’s start with three examples:

我們從三個例句開始：

I was eating dinner at seven o’clock last night.

I was eating dinner at seven o’clock last night.

I’m eating a tuna sandwich.

I’m eating a tuna sandwich.

This time next week, I’ll be eating fresh seafood on an island!

This time next week, I’ll be eating fresh seafood on an island!

These three sentences are all continuous: past continuous, present continuous and future

這三句全部都是進行式： 過去進行時、

continuous.

現在進行式和未來進行式。

Can you see what connects them?

您能看到他們有什麼關聯嗎？

First, all continuous forms use the verb be, together with an -ing verb.

首先，所有進行式格式使用動詞“be”， 加動詞的 -ing。

So, to make a continuous form, take the verb be in the past, present or future, then add

所以，要造一個進行式格式，在 過去式、現在式或未來式，

your main verb with -ing on the end.

放置動詞“be”，然後-ing結尾的主動詞。

For example:

例如：

She was telling me a really interesting story.

She was telling me a really interesting story.

They aren’t helping at all.

They aren’t helping at all.

It’ll be getting dark at five o’clock.

It’ll be getting dark at five o’clock.

What about the meaning of continuous forms?

進行式格式的意思是什麼？

Can you see what connects these examples?

您可以看出什麼關聯了這些例句嗎？

Continuous forms describe things which are incomplete.

進行式格式描述沒有完成的事情。

Generally, continuous forms are used to talk about one moment in time.

一般來說，進行式用來談論時間上的某一個時刻。

So, you say I was eating dinner at seven o’clock last night because you’re talking about

所以，您說“I was eating dinner at seven o’clock last night”，因為您在談論

a moment in time (seven o’clock), and something incomplete—you hadn’t finished your dinner

時間上的某個時刻（七點鐘）以及某些 未完成的事情 — 您當時

at that moment.

沒有吃完您的晚餐。

In the sentence She was telling me a really interesting story, you’re talking about

在例句“She was telling me a really interesting story”裡，您在談論

a moment in time when she was in the middle of her story.

當她在故事裡時間上的某個時刻。

You use a continuous form because, at that moment, she hadn’t finished her story.

您使用一個進行式格式，因為在當時， 她沒有講完她的故事。

Okay, but what about perfect verb forms?

好，但是，那動詞完成式格式呢？

Again, let’s start with some examples:

同樣，我們從一些例句開始：

He hadn’t finished speaking.

He hadn’t finished speaking.

She’s finished all her homework.

She’s finished all her homework.

We‘ll have finished everything by Friday.

We‘ll have finished everything by Friday.

What do you notice?

您注意到什麼了？

All perfect tenses use the verb have in the past, present or future form.

所有完成時態在過去式、現在式 或未來式使用動詞”have“。

After have, you use a past participle to make the perfect form.

在”have“之後，您使用一個過去 分詞來造完成格式。

So, for example, to make the past perfect, you take the past form of have, which is had,

所以，例如，要造過去完成式， 您放置"have"的過去格式”had“，

and add a past participle.

並添加一個過去分詞。

For example:

例如：

We hadn’t thought about it.

We hadn’t thought about it.

I had never tried miso soup before.

I had never tried miso soup before.

For the future perfect, take the future form of have, which could be will have, and add

對於未來完成式，放置”have“的 未來式”will have“，然後添加

a past participle, like this:

一個過去分詞，像是：

I’ll have finished all my exams by this time next year.

I’ll have finished all my exams by this time next year.

What about the meaning of perfect verb forms?

動詞完成式格式的意思是什麼？

Can you see anything which connects these three sentences?

您能看到任何關聯這三個 例句的東西嗎？

Perfect verb forms connect two points in time.

動詞完成式格式在時間上關聯到兩個點。

For example, He hadn’t finished speaking is past perfect.

例如：He hadn’t finished speaking is past perfect.

This connects two different times or actions in the past.

這關聯在過去的兩個 不同時間或動作。

To understand this, you need a longer sentence with more information.

要理解這個，您需要一個有更多 訊息的更長的句子。

For example:

例如：

He hadn’t finished speaking when everybody started to leave.

He hadn’t finished speaking when everybody started to leave.

The perfect form connects the two different actions.

完成式格式關聯兩個不同的動作。

This is the best way to think about perfect verb forms: perfect verb forms connect two

這是最好的方法來考慮動詞完成式 格式：動詞完成式格式

points in time.

在時間上關聯到兩個點。

How does this work in the present?

How does this work in the present?

This is present perfect.

This is present perfect.

What two points in time does this connect?

What two points in time does this connect?

It connects the present and the past.

它關聯現在和過去。

She’s finished her homework in the past (before now), and now her homework is done

她在過去完成她的家庭作業（之前和 現在），現在她的家庭作業

and ready to be checked (in the present).

做完了，準備接受檢查（在現在）。

What about the future?

那未來式呢？

This is the future perfect.

這是未來完成式。

In this case, it connects the present to a point in the future.

在這個事例裡，它關聯現在到 未來的一個時間點。

When you say We’ll have finished everything by Friday, you mean that you’ll finish everything

當您說“We’ll have finished everything by Friday”，您意思是您會在現在

some time between now and Friday.

和週五之間的某個時刻去完成所有的事情。

You don’t know exactly when you’ll finish everything, but you know that it will be somewhere

您不會準確地知道什麼時候您會完成 每件事情，但是，您知道

in this period between now and the future.

那會是在現在與週五之間的 期間內的某個時間點。

Finally, let’s look at perfect continuous forms.

最後，我們看看完成進行式格式。

Here are three examples to begin:

從這裡的三個例句開始：

She’d been feeling much better.

She’d been feeling much better.

We’ve been waiting for ages.

We’ve been waiting for ages.

By the end of the day, we’ll have been working without a break for 14 hours.

By the end of the day, we’ll have been working without a break for 14 hours.

What do you notice?

您·注意到什麼？

You can see that perfect continuous forms are a mix of the perfect and the continuous,

您能看到完成進行式格式是一個 完成式和進行式的混合，

which is logical, right?

那是符合邏輯的，對嗎？

They’re perfect forms because they use a form of have plus a past participle, which

他們是完成式格式，因為它們使用一個 ”have"加一個過去分詞的格式，

in perfect continuous verb forms is always the same: been.

那在完成進行式動詞格式 總是相同的：been。

They’re continuous forms because they use be plus a main verb with -ing.

它們是進行式格式，因為它們使用 “be”加一個有“-ing”的主動詞。

How do you set the time of a perfect continuous form?

您怎麼設定一個完成 進行式格式的時間？

You set the time by changing the form of have.

您通過改變“have”的格式來設定時間。

Use a past, present or future form of have, plus been, plus a verb with -ing.

使用一個“have”的過去式、現在或未來式格式， 加上“been”，加上一個有“-ing”的動詞。

Let’s practise!

我們來練習一下。

Here’s a sentence in the present simple.

這裡是一個現在簡單式的句子。

I walk through the forest.

I walk through the forest.

Can you change this sentence into the three perfect continuous forms: past, present and

您可以改變這個句子成為三個完成 進行式格式：過去式、

future?

現在式和未來式嗎？

Pause the video and try it!

暫停影片，試一下。

Ready?

做好了嗎？

Let’s check your answers:

我們來檢查一下您的答案：

I had been walking through the forest.

I had been walking through the forest.

I’ve been walking through the forest.

I’ve been walking through the forest.

I will have been walking through the forest.

I will have been walking through the forest.

Did you get them right?

您答對了嗎？

Next, let’s talk about the meaning of perfect continuous forms.

接下來，我們談論完成進行式 格式的意思。

Again, the meaning is a combination of the two aspects: perfect and continuous.

同樣，意思是兩個型態的一個組合： 完成式和進行式。

So, the meaning is perfect because these forms connect two points in time.

所以，因為這些格式關聯到時間上 的兩個點，意思是完成式。

I had been walking through the forest...

I had been walking through the forest...

...when something else happened.

...當其他事情發生時。

For example:

例如：

I had been walking through the forest for hours before I realised I was lost.

I had been walking through the forest for hours before I realised I was lost.

Like you saw before, the perfect aspect is used to connect two points in the past.

像您之前看到的，完成式型態用來 關聯在過去的兩個時間點。

What about the continuous side?

那進行式這邊呢？

What meaning does that add?

那增加了什麼意思？

It adds the idea of something incomplete or temporary.

它增加了未完成的或臨時的 事情的想法。

If you say, She’d been feeling much better, this suggests she was feeling ill either before

如果您說，“She’d been feeling much better”， 這意思是她以前病了，

or after she was feeling better.

或者是她感覺好一些之後。

If you say, We’ve been waiting for ages, you mean that you still haven’t got what

如果您說“We’ve been waiting for ages”， 您意思是您仍然沒有

you came for.

達到您來的目的。

The action—waiting—is incomplete.

動作 — waiting — 是未完成的。

If you say, By the end of the day, we’ll have been working without a break for 14 hours,

如果您說，“By the end of the day, we’ll have been working without a break for 14 hours”

you mean that your work still won’t be finished at the end of the day.

您意思是您的工作在當天結束時 仍然未完成。

The past and future perfect continuous forms are rare, but you still need them sometimes.

過去完成進行式格式和未來完成進行式格式是 很少見的，但是，您有時仍然需要用到它們。

Okay, so now you’ve seen an overview of all the English verb forms.

好了，所以您看到了所有英文動詞 格式的一個總覽。

First of all, remember that this lesson is meant to give you the big picture.

首先，記住本節課是要給您 一幅大的全景圖。

You’ve seen what connects different English verb tenses, and how verb forms are different

您看到了什麼關聯不同的英文動詞 時態，以及每個動詞格式

from each other.

之間的區別是怎樣的。

However, you’ve seen the most general connections and differences.

不過，您看到了最普通的關聯和區別。

This can help you to understand English verb forms, but remember that every English verb

這可以幫助您理解英文動詞格式，但是， 記住每一個英文動詞格式有

form has its own specific uses and meanings.

它自己的特定用途和意思。

Want more practice for this topic?

想要在這個主題有更多的練習嗎？

Make sure you check out the full version of this lesson on our website.

確保您在我們的網站上查看 本節課的完整版本。

It includes a quiz to help you review and practice what you've learned in this class.

那包括一個隨堂測驗來幫您複習和練習 您在本節課裡學到的東西。

That’s all from us.

本節課就到這裡了。

Thanks for watching!

感謝觀看！

See you next time!

下次見！