Complex Sentences in English Writing - Learn How to Make Complex Sentences

217,305 views ใƒป 2019-12-12

Oxford Online English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:01
Hi, Iโ€™m Gina.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์ง€๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:02
Welcome to Oxford Online English!
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์˜ฅ์Šคํฌ๋“œ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์˜์–ด์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
00:04
In this lesson, you can learn how to make different types of complex sentence in English.
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์ด ๋‹จ์›์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
Making complex sentences will help your English writing.
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:18
By using a variety of complex sentence forms, your writing will become more versatile and
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธ€์ด ๋”์šฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
00:25
elegant.
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์šฐ์•„ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. IELTS, TOEFL ๋˜๋Š” FCE์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž‘๋ฌธ
00:27
Using a range of complex sentences in your writing is also important if youโ€™re preparing
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์— ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:32
for an English writing exam like IELTS, TOEFL, or FCE.
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.
00:38
Before we start, two things.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
One: have you visited our website yet?
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ํ•˜๋‚˜: ์ €ํฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์•„์ง ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€
00:44
If not, why not?
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์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:47
We have free video lessons, listening lessons, quizzes, and also many professional teachers
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๋ ˆ์Šจ, ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ๋ ˆ์Šจ, ํ€ด์ฆˆ ๋ฐ
00:53
who offer online lessons.
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์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋ ˆ์Šจ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ „๋ฌธ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
Check it out: Oxford Online English dot com.
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ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”: Oxford Online English dot com.
01:02
Two: we want to tell you about this lesson, who itโ€™s for, whatโ€™s in it and what isnโ€™t.
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๋‘˜์งธ: ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด, ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€, ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
This lesson will focus on grammar structures for forming complex sentences without using
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถœ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:19
conjunctions.
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. ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:21
If you want to learn about using conjunctions to form complex sentences, you can watch our
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์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:28
video about linking words for IELTS writing.
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IELTS ์ž‘๋ฌธ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
Thereโ€™s a link in the video description.
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๋™์˜์ƒ ์„ค๋ช…์— ๋งํฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
Also, using these structures requires that you have at least an intermediate knowledge
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜
01:43
of English grammar.
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์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ง€์‹์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
This lesson assumes that you know how to form different verb forms and use relative clauses,
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์ด ๋‹จ์›์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:53
among other things.
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01:56
This lesson is technical and contains a lot of information.
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์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:00
You might need to watch it in sections, and repeat sections several times.
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์„น์…˜๋ณ„๋กœ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ  ์„น์…˜์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
Finally, a warning!
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ !
02:09
Using complex sentences can enhance your writing, but *only* if you have complex, coherent ideas
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธ€์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ *๋‹จ์ง€* ๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:17
behind them.
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02:19
If your ideas are basic, or incoherent, using what you think are โ€˜advancedโ€™ grammar
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด '๊ณ ๊ธ‰' ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
02:24
structures wonโ€™t help.
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๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
Okay, letโ€™s start.
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์ข‹์•„, ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž.
02:30
Hereโ€™s how this lesson will work.
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
First, look at four sentences: Pause the video, read the sentences, and look
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๋จผ์ € ๋„ค ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ผ์‹œ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ฝ๊ณ 
02:43
up any words you donโ€™t know.
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๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
02:48
If you want to read more about tulip mania, thereโ€™s a link to a Wikipedia article in
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ํŠค๋ฆฝ ๋งค๋‹ˆ์•„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์„ค๋ช… ์— Wikipedia ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ๋งํฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:55
the video description.
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02:57
Ready?
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์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋œ?
02:58
These sentences are all grammatically simple, meaning that they each have one main verb.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
Now, youโ€™ll see four different grammatical tools you can use to combine and add to these
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ
03:11
sentences to make them richer and more complex.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋” ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. -ing ๋ถ„
03:19
Do you know what -ing participle clauses are, and how you can use them?
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์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€
03:26
If not, donโ€™t worry; look at an example based on our first sentence:
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์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ โ€‹โ€‹์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
03:34
Here, you use a participle clause to connect two ideas.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
You can use an -ing participle clause to connect two ideas which happen at the same time, or
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-ing ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
03:52
to show cause and effect.
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์›์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
In this case, you could express the same idea using โ€˜becauseโ€™, like this:
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 'because'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
The -ing participle clause does not have a subject.
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-ing ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ์ ˆ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
In a sentence like this with two clauses, the -ing clause can *only* refer to the subject
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ -ing ์ ˆ์€ *์˜ค์ง* ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ˆ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:16
in the second clause.
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04:18
You canโ€™t have two subjects.
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๋‘ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
When writing, make sure your sentence has a clear subject.
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๊ธ€์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
04:25
Donโ€™t write something like this.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
04:30
Here, it isnโ€™t clear what โ€˜itโ€™ refers to.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:35
Letโ€™s practise!
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์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜์ž!
04:36
Here are two ideas.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
Can you connect them using an -ing participle clause?
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-ing ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
04:44
Pause the video and think about your answer.
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๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ผ์‹œ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ต์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
04:49
Want a hint?
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ํžŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:51
Your answer should be quite similar to the example you saw before.
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ์ด์ „์— ๋ณธ ์˜ˆ์™€ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:58
Ready?
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์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋œ?
04:59
Hereโ€™s the answer.
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๋‹ต์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
Thereโ€™s one more way to use -ing clauses: you can use a perfect -ing form, with โ€˜havingโ€™
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-ing ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'having'์— ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•œ ์™„๋ฃŒ -ing ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
05:13
plus a past participle, to show that one thing happened before another.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ € ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
For example:
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด
05:24
So, quick review: you can use -ing participle clauses to do three things.
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๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ฒ€ํ† : -ing ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
Do you remember them?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:37
One: use them to show that two actions happened at the same time.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜: ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
05:44
Two: use them to show cause and effect.
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๋‘˜์งธ: ์›์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
05:50
Three: use themโ€”with โ€˜havingโ€™ plus a past participleโ€”to show that one thing happened
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ: 'having'๊ณผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ์ด ์—ฐ๋‹ฌ์•„ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:59
after another.
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.
06:02
Remember that you can always review a section if you need more time to work on it.
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์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋” ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€ ์„น์…˜์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
Letโ€™s move on to our next point.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ง€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด ๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
06:17
There are two kinds of participle clauses: -ing clauses and -ed clauses.
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๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์—๋Š” ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: -ing ์ ˆ๊ณผ -ed ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. -ed ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ์ ˆ
06:24
Look at an example of two ideas linked with an -ed participle clause:
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๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
06:31
This links two ideas.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€
06:35
You can use -ed participle clauses when you have two clauses with the same subject, and
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ค‘
06:42
one of the clauses has a passive verb.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ์ˆ˜๋™๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ -ed ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
Like -ing clauses, -ed participle clauses do not have a subject in the participle clause.
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-ing ์ ˆ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ -ed ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ์ ˆ์€ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ์ ˆ์— ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
Letโ€™s look at another example.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
This time, you can try to make the complex sentence:
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:01
Can you combine these two sentences with an -ed participle clause?
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์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ -ed ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ• 
07:06
Pause the video if you need time to make your answer.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ผ์‹œ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
07:11
Ready?
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์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋œ?
07:12
Hereโ€™s the answer.
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๋‹ต์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
Because the -ed clause doesnโ€™t have a main verb, the verb tense informationโ€”โ€˜had
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-ed ์ ˆ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ ์ •๋ณด('had
07:24
been cultivatedโ€™โ€”disappears in the -ed clause.
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been ์žฌ๋ฐฐ๋จ')๋Š” -ed ์ ˆ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:29
However, no meaning is lost.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์†์‹ค๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
In these two sections, youโ€™ve seen how to use -ing and -ed participle clauses to link
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์ด ๋‘ ์„น์…˜์—์„œ -ing ๋ฐ -ed ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
07:42
two full, independent clauses.
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์™„์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ ˆ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
However, thereโ€™s another way to use them.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
Look at an example: Can you see how this is different?
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์˜ˆ ๋ณด๊ธฐ: ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:58
In this case, youโ€™re using the -ed participle clause not to replace an independent clause,
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด -ed ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:06
but instead to replace a relative clause.
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๊ด€๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
Relative clauses are one of the most powerful ways to add and combine ideas in complex sentences.
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๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
Letโ€™s look in more detail!
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์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
08:27
Relative clauses can do two things.
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๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
One: you can use a relative clause to add information to a noun or noun phrase.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜: ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์— ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
Two: you can use a relative clause with โ€˜whichโ€™ to add information to a sentence or idea.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ: ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 'which'์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:44
Letโ€™s look at an example of the first case: using a relative clause to add information
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๊ด€๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:50
to a noun.
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.
08:54
Here, you use a relative clauseโ€”โ€˜which occurred in Hollandโ€™โ€”to add information
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ '๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ' ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
09:00
to the noun phrase โ€˜tulip maniaโ€™.
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ 'ํŠค๋ฆฝ ๋งค๋‹ˆ์•„'์— ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
Relative clauses used like this can *only* describe the noun they come after.
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ *๋งŒ* ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:11
Donโ€™t write something like this:
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๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
09:16
If youโ€™re using a relative clause to add information to a noun, the clause *must* come
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๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ ˆ์€ *๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ*
09:23
directly after the noun or noun phrase.
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๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋’ค์— ์™€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ
09:28
You can use multiple relative clauses in the same sentence; for example:
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์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ˆ:
09:37
Here, you add a second relative clause, with โ€˜whenโ€™, to add more information about
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ '1637'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 'when'๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ ˆ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:44
the noun โ€˜1637โ€™.
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.
09:48
Using multiple relative clauses like this allows you to structure your ideas in different
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:55
ways.
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.
09:57
For example, you could also write this: This might be useful if you want to add more
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ž‘์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜
10:06
information about โ€˜Hollandโ€™ later in the sentence, like this:
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๋’ท๋ถ€๋ถ„์— 'Holland'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
Letโ€™s practise!
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Let's practice!
10:15
Look at two ideas: Can you connect these two ideas using a relative
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ๋ณด๊ธฐ: ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
10:22
clause?
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?
10:23
There are two possible answers.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋‹ต์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
Pause the video and make your answer.
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์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ๋‹ต์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ์„ธ์š”.
10:30
Ready?
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์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋œ?
10:32
Here are the two possibilities.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
Did you get the right answer?
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์ •๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ์œผ์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
10:38
Even better, did you get both?
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๋” ์ข‹์€ ์ ์€ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
10:42
For an extra challenge, can you add a third idea?
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์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ์ œ๋กœ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
10:50
Hereโ€™s a hint: โ€˜1637โ€™ appears twice, and you need to link the two instances.
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ํžŒํŠธ: '1637'์ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋‘ ์ธ์Šคํ„ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
Hereโ€™s the best way to do it: Letโ€™s look at one more point here.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
You can also use a relative clause to add information or explanation to a whole idea.
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์ „์ฒด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ์ •๋ณด๋‚˜ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
Look at an example: Here, youโ€™re using the relative clause to
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”: ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ
11:24
explain the whole idea of the first clause.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ˆ์˜ ์ „์ฒด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ด€๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
Youโ€™re not just adding information to one noun phrase.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์— ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:32
To use relative clauses in this way, you need to do two things.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
One: you can *only* use โ€˜whichโ€™ as the relative pronoun.
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์ฒซ์งธ: ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ 'which'๋งŒ *๋งŒ* ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:43
Two: your relative clause must add an explanation or an opinion related to the idea before the
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๋‘˜์งธ: ๊ด€๊ณ„์ ˆ์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ ˆ ์•ž์— ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์„ค๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:51
relative clause.
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. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์—
11:53
You canโ€™t add factual information or details in this way.
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์ž…๊ฐํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋‚˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:59
Now, letโ€™s look at one more way to form complex sentences.
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์ด์ œ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:07
To be a good writer, you should make it clear which ideas are more important.
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์ข‹์€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
In English, ideas which are close to the beginning of the sentence are more important than others.
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์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
So, if you want to emphasise an idea, you should find a way to move it to the beginning
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:29
of the sentence.
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.
12:32
You can do this by using โ€˜itโ€™, like this: Here, youโ€™re focusing on the year, 1637.
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๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด 'it'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 1637๋…„์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
Often, you use this structure to focus on a factual detail, like a person, time, place
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์ข…์ข… ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์žฅ์†Œ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ ์ธ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:50
and so on.
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. ์ด ๋‹จ์›์—์„œ ๋ณธ
12:52
You can also combine this with other structures youโ€™ve seen in this lesson.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:57
For example, you could add a relative clause to the end of this sentence, like this.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋์— ๊ด€๋ จ ์ ˆ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:05
Look at a sentence.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
13:09
You want to emphasise the idea of โ€˜Hollandโ€™ or the idea of โ€˜1593โ€™.
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'Holland' ๋˜๋Š” '1593'์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:17
Can you write two different sentences, starting with โ€˜itโ€™, to emphasise these two ideas?
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์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 'it'์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:26
Pause the video and do it now.
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๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ผ์‹œ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
13:30
Did you get your answers?
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๋‹ต์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:33
Take a look.
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๊ตฌ๊ฒฝํ•˜๋‹ค.
13:37
In the first sentence, youโ€™ll probably need to change the structure a little by separating
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ
13:42
โ€˜in 1593โ€™ from the main clause using a comma.
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'in 1593'์„ ์ฃผ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์‰ผํ‘œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:47
Now, youโ€™ve seen several ways to form complex sentence structures in English.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:53
What should you do if you want more practice?
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๋” ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
13:56
First, you can use a grammar book or other resources to practise the topics youโ€™ve
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์ฒซ์งธ, ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ฑ…์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
14:02
seen in this lesson.
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์ด ๋‹จ์›์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:05
Look for chapters and exercises on -ing participle clauses, -ed participle clauses, relative
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-ing ๋ถ„ ์‚ฌ์ ˆ, -ed ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ,
14:13
clauses, and cleft sentences.
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๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ, ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์ง„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์žฅ๊ณผ ์—ฐ์Šต๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ฑ…๊ณผ ์ž๋ฃŒ์—์„œ๋Š”
14:17
โ€˜Cleft sentencesโ€™ are also called โ€˜focusing clausesโ€™ in some books and materials.
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'์ชผ๊ฐœ์ง„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ'์„ '์ง‘์ค‘์ ˆ '์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:24
Secondly, remember that the ideas in this lesson are not the only way to connect ideas
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๋‘˜์งธ, ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์•„๋‹˜์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
14:31
into complex sentences.
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.
14:33
You should also learn how to use a range of conjunctions and linking phrases to build
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:39
sentences.
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.
14:42
Finally, practise writing, and try to use some of these ideas in your writing.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋ฌธ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ž‘๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
14:48
Get good quality feedback to make sure that your writing is clear, well-organised and
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๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ธ€์ด ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ด๋ฉฐ
14:55
accurate.
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์ •ํ™•ํ•œ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–‘์งˆ์˜ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
14:58
If you need help from a teacher, then our teachers can work with you to improve your
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์˜ ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์ €ํฌ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:04
English writing.
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. ์ €ํฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ
15:06
You can take a discounted trial lesson on our websiteโ€”look for the link under the
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์—์„œ ํ• ์ธ๋œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ—˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์˜์ƒ ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
15:13
video, or visit Oxford Online English dot com and click โ€˜get startedโ€™!
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Oxford Online English dot com์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์—ฌ '์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ'๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
15:21
Thatโ€™s all.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์•ผ.
15:23
Thanks for watching!
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์‹œ์ฒญ ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
15:25
See you next time!
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋งŒ๋‚˜์š”!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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