How to Use Should, Ought to, Supposed to and Had Better - English Modal Verbs Lesson

379,661 views ใƒป 2017-02-09

Oxford Online English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:02
Hi, Iโ€™m Martin.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใƒžใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
00:04
Welcome to Oxford Online English!
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ใ‚ชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐใƒชใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใ๏ผ
00:07
In this lesson, you can learn how to use the modal and semi-modal verbs 'should', 'ought
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใง ใฏใ€ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ‚ปใƒŸใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉž
00:14
to', 'had better' and 'supposed to'.
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ใฎไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:20
We use these verbs to give advice, express opinions, to give warnings or to criticise
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸใ‚Šใ€ ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่กจๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€่ญฆๅ‘Šใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸใ‚Šใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๆ‰นๅˆคใ—
00:26
someone.
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ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:28
These verbs are similar in meaning, but not exactly the same.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒไผผใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:33
That means you need to understand exactly what each verb means to use them correctly
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ๅ„ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
00:39
when you speak.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:41
Letโ€™s start with a basic introduction.
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใช็ดนไป‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:45
Part one: how to use 'should.'
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ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆ 1: 'should.' ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–น
00:48
Letโ€™s look quickly at the different ways you can use 'should' in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ€Œshouldใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:55
For this lesson, weโ€™ll use 'should' as our โ€˜baseโ€™ verb.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€ใ€Œshouldใ€ใ‚’ ใ€ŒๅŸบๆœฌใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ 'should'
00:59
Youโ€™ll learn about the other verbs, like 'supposed to' or 'had better', by comparing
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ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€'supposed to' ใ‚„ 'had better' ใชใฉใฎไป–ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆๅญฆใณใพใ™
01:04
them to 'should'.
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ใ€‚
01:07
This means you need to have a good understanding of 'should.'
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
01:12
First, you can use 'should' to give advice:
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ใพใšใ€'should' ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹
01:17
"You should buy the green one.
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01:20
It suits you."
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ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:22
I advise you to do this.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:23
"You shouldnโ€™t go to bed so late.
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚“ใชใซ้…ใๅฏใ‚‹ในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:25
Itโ€™s bad for you."
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๆ‚ชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
01:27
This is my advice.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
01:30
You can use 'should' to express your opinion.
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ใ€Œshouldใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:33
"Everyone should see that film.
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ใ€Œ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒใใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹
01:36
Itโ€™s amazing!"
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ในใใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™๏ผใ€
01:37
Iโ€™m giving you my opinion about the film.
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒณใ‚’่ฟฐในใพใ™ใ€‚
01:41
"The government should raise taxes on the rich."
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ใ€Œๆ”ฟๅบœใฏ ๅฏŒ่ฃ•ๅฑคใธใฎๅข—็จŽใ‚’ใ™ในใใ ใ€‚ใ€
01:45
This is my opinion, what I think should happen.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:50
Obviously, advice and opinion are similar, and often theyโ€™re the same thing.
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ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใจๆ„่ฆ‹ใฏไผผใฆ ใŠใ‚Šใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅŒใ˜ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
01:57
You can also use 'should'โ€”often in the pastโ€”to criticise someone else.
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'should' ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ (้ŽๅŽปใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ) ไป–ใฎไบบใ‚’ๆ‰นๅˆคใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€‚
02:03
"You shouldnโ€™t have said that."
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ใ€Œใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจ่จ€ใ†ในใใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€
02:06
I think you did the wrong thing.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้–“้•ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:08
"He should have studied harder for his exams."
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่ฉฆ้จ“ใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ‚‚ใฃใจๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€‚ใ€
02:13
I donโ€™t think he studied hard enough.
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ๅฝผใฏๅๅˆ†ใซๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใจใฏๆ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใ€‚
02:17
What connects all of these cases?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ใคใชใใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
02:22
In all these uses of 'should', you use 'should' to express what you think is the best thing
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 'should' ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใงใ€'should' ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€่กŒใ†ใฎ ใŒๆœ€ๅ–„ใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่กจ็พใ—ใพใ™
02:30
to do.
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ใ€‚
02:32
If I say 'you shouldโ€ฆ', I mean 'I think itโ€™s best if youโ€ฆ'
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็งใŒใ€Œ๏ฝžใ™ในใใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใŒโ€ฆใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๆœ€ๅ–„ใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใงใ™
02:37
Now, letโ€™s look at 'ought to.'
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ใ€‚
02:42
Part two: 'should' vs. 'ought to'.
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ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆ 2: ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ๅฏพใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใ€‚
02:48
In meaning, 'ought to' is exactly the same as 'should'.
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใฏใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใจใพใฃใŸใ ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:51
If you can use 'should' in a sentence, you can also use 'ought to'.
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ๆ–‡ใฎไธญใง ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:57
For example, you can say:
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
03:00
"You should buy the green one."
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ใ€Œ็ท‘่‰ฒใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:03
Or: "You ought to buy the green one."
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ใพใŸใฏ๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ท‘่‰ฒใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฒทใ†ในใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
03:11
You can say:
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03:12
"Everyone should see that film."
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ใ€Œ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒใใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ในใใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:15
Or: "Everyone ought to see that film."
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ใพใŸใฏ๏ผšใ€Œ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒใใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
03:22
Thereโ€™s no difference in meaning.
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใซ้•ใ„ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:25
In both cases, the two sentences with 'should' and 'ought to' have the same meaning.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ€'should' ใจ 'should to' ใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใฏๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใกใพใ™ใ€‚
03:33
However, there are a couple of differences in how you use 'ought to'.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใซใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:40
First, 'ought to' is more formal, more old-fashioned, and less common in modern spoken English.
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็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€' should to ' ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใงใ€ๅค้ขจใง ใ€็พไปฃใฎ่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใงใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:51
That means you probably wonโ€™t use 'ought to' unless you are writing, or you want to
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ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ‚„ใ€้žๅธธใซใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใช่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ใจใไปฅๅค–ใฏใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ 'ought to' ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
03:57
sound very formal.
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ใ€‚
03:59
Secondly, 'ought to' has a slightly different form.
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็ฌฌไบŒใซใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็•ฐใชใ‚‹ ๅฝขใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:04
Obviously, you need to add 'to'.
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ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ€ใ€Œtoใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:06
Also, the negative form is not generally contracted.
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ใพใŸใ€ๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใฏ้€šๅธธ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:12
So, you can say:
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
04:14
"You shouldnโ€™t have said that."
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ในใใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:16
With 'should not', you can contract it to 'shouldnโ€™t.'
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ใ€Œใ™ในใใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใจๅฅ‘็ด„ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:21
However, with 'ought to', you need to use the full form.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใงใฏใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใชๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:26
"You ought not to have said that."
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ใ€Œใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจ่จ€ใ†ในใใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€
04:29
Again, with 'ought to' the sentence sounds very formal, and itโ€™s unlikely that youโ€™d
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€' should to ' ใฎๆ–‡ใฏ ้žๅธธใซใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใพใšใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
04:36
actually say this.
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ใ€‚
04:39
With 'should', you can make questions, like this:
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ใ€Œshouldใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใ€
04:45
"What time should I get there?"
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ใ€Œไฝ•ๆ™‚ใซ็€ใในใใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:49
With 'ought to', you can technically make questions, but they sound ridiculously formal:
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ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใซใฏ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€
04:57
"What time ought I to get there?"
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ใ€Œไฝ•ๆ™‚ใซใใ“ใซ็€ใในใใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฐใ‹ใฐใ‹ใ—ใ„ใปใฉๅ …่‹ฆใ—ใ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
05:02
This sounds really old-fashioned and unnatural, so I advise that you donโ€™t use 'ought to'
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๆ™‚ไปฃ้…ใ‚Œใงไธ่‡ช็„ถใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใ‚’ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—
05:10
in this way!
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:11
So, to review, 'ought to' has the same meaning as 'should', but a different form.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใฏใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใจๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ ใŒใ€ๅฝขใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:18
Itโ€™s also more formal and less common.
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ใพใŸใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใงใ‚ใพใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:22
Letโ€™s look at our next verb.
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ๆฌกใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:26
Part three: how to use 'supposed to.'
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ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆ 3: 'supposed to.' ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–น
05:31
'Supposed to' is similar to 'should', but thereโ€™s an important difference.
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ใ€Œๆƒณๅฎšใ€ใฏใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใจไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€้‡่ฆใช้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:38
Look at two sentences:
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2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:40
"I should be there at 9:00."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ 9:00 ใซใใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
05:42
"Iโ€™m supposed to be there at 9:00."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ9ๆ™‚ใซใใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
05:47
Can you see the difference in meaning?
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:51
If not, hereโ€™s a clue.
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ใใ†ใงใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใซๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‚ŠใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:53
Both sentences mean that someone thinks itโ€™s important for you to be there at 9:00.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ 9:00 ใซใใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใ ใจ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:00
The important question is: who thinks so?
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้‡่ฆใชๅ•้กŒใฏใ€่ชฐใŒใใ†่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:05
The first sentence:
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡:
06:06
"I should be there at 9:00."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ 9:00 ใซใใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
06:08
โ€ฆmeans that you think this is important.
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โ€ฆใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้‡่ฆใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:12
Itโ€™s important for you personally to be there at 9:00.
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ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใซใฏ ใ€9:00 ใซใใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
06:18
The second sentence:
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡:
06:20
"Iโ€™m supposed to be there at 9:00."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ 9:00 ใซใใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
06:23
โ€ฆmeans that someone else thinks itโ€™s important for you to be there at 9:00.
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โ€ฆใ‚ใชใŸใŒ 9:00 ใซใใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใ ใจไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:30
You might not care, and using 'supposed to' suggests that you probably donโ€™t.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆฐ—ใซ ใ—ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:38
For example, imagine your boss organizes a meeting for 9:00 one morning.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆœใ€ไธŠๅธ ใŒ 9 ๆ™‚ใซไผš่ญฐใ‚’้–‹ใใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:45
You know the meeting is going to be a waste of time.
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ไผš่ญฐใŒๆ™‚้–“ใฎ็„ก้ง„ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:48
People will talk about a load of pointless stuff, and the meeting will go on much longer
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ไบบใ€…ใฏ็„กๆ„ๅ‘ณใช ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“่ฉฑใ—ใ€ไผš่ญฐใฏ
06:53
than it needs to.
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ๅฟ…่ฆไปฅไธŠใซ้•ทใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:56
However, your boss thinks itโ€™s important that everyone attends.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธŠๅธใฏใ€ๅ…จๅ“กใŒๅ‡บๅธญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
07:00
So, you might say:
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
07:02
"Iโ€™m supposed to go to the meeting at 9:00."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ 9 ๆ™‚ใซไผš่ญฐใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:07
In this case, the meeting is not important to you, but it is important to someone else
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไผš่ญฐใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆ้‡่ฆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹
07:13
(your boss).
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(ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธŠๅธ) ใซใจใฃใฆใฏ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
07:16
This is a good example of when you might use 'supposed to.'
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€Œๆƒณๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฎ่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใงใ™ ใ€‚
07:21
Letโ€™s do one more example.
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ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:24
Imagine weโ€™re at a wedding, and Iโ€™m wearing jeans and an old T-shirt.
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็งใŸใกใŒ็ตๅฉšๅผใซๅ‡บๅธญใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚็งใฏ ใ‚ธใƒผใƒณใ‚บใจๅคใ„ T ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใ‚’็€ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:31
You say:
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ†๏ผš
07:32
"You should have worn something more formal!"
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็€ใ‚‹ในใใ ใฃใŸ๏ผใ€
07:33
"You were supposed to wear something more formal!"
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ใ€Œใ‚‚ใฃใจใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใชๆœใ‚’็€ใ‚‹ในใใ ใฃใŸใฎใซ ๏ผใ€
07:38
Can you tell the difference now?
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ไปŠใ€้•ใ„ใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:41
In the first sentence, with 'should', youโ€™re criticising me directly.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€'should' ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€ ็งใ‚’็›ดๆŽฅๆ‰นๅˆคใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:48
You think I look too scruffy, and that I made a mistake by dressing too informally.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใŒใ‚ใพใ‚Šใซใ‚‚ใ ใ‚‰ใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
07:57
In the second sentence, with 'supposed to', youโ€™re suggesting that you donโ€™t personally
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใฎ 'supposed to' ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
08:02
care about my appearance, but that other people might expect me to dress more formally.
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็งใฎๅค–่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใซๆฐ—ใซใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใŒใ€ไป–ใฎไบบ ใฏ็งใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใชๆœ่ฃ…ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบๅ”†ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
08:10
Thereโ€™s one more way to use 'supposed to'.
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ใ€Œๆƒณๅฎšใ€ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใฏใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:14
Look at an example:
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ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
08:15
"I was supposed to finish this essay yesterday."
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ใ€‚
08:21
Can you tell what this means?
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:23
It means that you didnโ€™t finish your essay, and you donโ€™t really want to finish your
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใ‚’็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
08:28
essay.
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.
08:31
This shows you another common way to use 'supposed to': use it to talk about things you donโ€™t
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€'supposed to' ใฎใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:38
want to do, or things which you arenโ€™t planning to do.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใใชใ„ใ“ใจใ€ใพใŸใฏไบˆๅฎš ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:43
For example:
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ไพ‹๏ผš
08:44
"I shouldnโ€™t come with you to the cinema.
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใจไธ€็ท’ใซๆ˜ ็”ป้คจใซ่กŒใในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:47
Iโ€™m supposed to be revising."
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็งใฏๆ”น่จ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
08:49
Iโ€™m not revising, and I donโ€™t want to.
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็งใฏๆ”น่จ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€ใ—ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:54
In fact, maybe I will come to the cinema!
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€็งใฏๆ˜ ็”ป้คจใซๆฅใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผ
08:58
"Iโ€™m supposed to wear a tie, but hardly anyone in the office actually does."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใ‚คใ‚’็€็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใซใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
09:05
I donโ€™t wear a tie, and I donโ€™t care about wearing one.
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็งใฏใƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใ‚คใ‚’ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€ใ‹ใถใฃใฆใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:10
To review, 'supposed to' has a similar meaning to 'should', but while 'should' expresses
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ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œๆƒณๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใฏใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใจๅŒๆง˜ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใกใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใฏ
09:16
what you think is the right thing to do, 'supposed to' expresses what other people think is the
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ“ใจ ใ‚’่กจใ™ใฎใซๅฏพใ—ใ€ใ€Œๆƒณๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใฏไป–ใฎไบบใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่กจใ—
09:23
right thing to do.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:25
Letโ€™s move on!
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ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผ
09:27
Part four: how to use 'had better.'
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ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆ 4: ใ€Œhad better.ใ€ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–น
09:32
Again, letโ€™s start with a pair of sentences:
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€
09:37
"You should finish everything today."
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ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ™ในใฆใ‚’็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ† 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:40
"Youโ€™d better finish everything today."
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ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅไธญใซๅ…จ้ƒจ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ€
09:45
Can you tell the difference?
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้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:46
Hereโ€™s a clue: using 'had better' gives more information than just using 'should'.
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ใ“ใ“ใซๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‚ŠใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œhad betterใ€ใ‚’ ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅ˜ใซใ€Œshouldใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅคšใใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
09:56
What extra information am I communicating if I use 'had better' instead of 'should'?
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ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€Œใ‚‚ใฃใจ่‰ฏใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ฟฝๅŠ ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ไผใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
10:04
'Had better' expresses a warning or a threat.
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ใ€ŒHad betterใ€ใฏใ€่ญฆๅ‘ŠใพใŸใฏ่„…ๅจใ‚’่กจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:09
Like 'should', youโ€™re giving advice or expressing your opinion about the right thing to do.
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'should' ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่กจๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:14
However, with 'had better', youโ€™re also saying that something bad will happen if the
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€'had better' ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่žใ‹ใชใ„ใจไฝ•ใ‹ๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใฃ
10:21
other person doesnโ€™t listen to you.
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:25
So, if I say:
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€
10:27
"You should finish everything today."
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ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๅ…จ้ƒจ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚
10:30
โ€ฆusing 'should' suggests that you have a choice.
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โ€ฆ'should' ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅไธญใซ
10:34
I think itโ€™s better if you finish everything today, but I donโ€™t think itโ€™s necessary.
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ๅ…จ้ƒจ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใจๆ€ใ† ใ‘ใฉใ€ใใฎๅฟ…่ฆใฏใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ€‚
10:41
But, if I say:
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€
10:44
"Youโ€™d better finish everything today."
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ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅไธญใซๅ…จ้ƒจ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใŸๆ–นใŒใ„ใ„ใ‚ˆใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚
10:46
โ€ฆIโ€™m suggesting that you donโ€™t really have a choice, because if you donโ€™t do what
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โ€ฆ็งใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ— ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้ธๆŠžใฎไฝ™ๅœฐใŒใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบๅ”†ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
10:54
I say, something bad will happen.
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.
10:58
With 'had better', you can even put the bad consequences into your sentence, like this:
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'had better' ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจ ใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ‚ชใ„็ตๆžœใ‚’ๆ–‡็ซ 
11:07
"Youโ€™d better finish everything today, or the boss wonโ€™t be happy."
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ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:13
Letโ€™s look at some more examples:
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ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผš
11:16
"Youโ€™d better leave now, or youโ€™ll miss your train."
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ใ€ŒไปŠใ™ใๅ‡บ็™บใ—ใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ•ใ‚‚ใชใ„ ใจ้›ป่ปŠใซไน—ใ‚Š้…ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
11:20
"Heโ€™d better apologise, or Iโ€™ll never talk to him again!"
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่ฌใฃใŸๆ–นใŒใ„ใ„ใ‚ˆใ€ใ•ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใจไบŒๅบฆใจ ๅฝผใจ่ฉฑใ•ใชใ„ใ‚ˆ๏ผใ€
11:26
Sometimes, the bad consequence is a kind of threat, like this:
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ๆ™‚ใซใฏใ€ๆ‚ชใ„็ตๆžœใŒไธ€็จฎใฎ ่„…่ฟซใงใ‚ใ‚‹
11:33
"Youโ€™d better be on time, or you could lose your job."
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ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:36
However, it can just be a way to motivate the other person to do what you say:
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ€Œๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏๆ™‚้–“ใŒใชใ„
11:45
"Youโ€™d better finish everything today, because you wonโ€™t have time tomorrow."
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ใฎใงใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ™ในใฆใ‚’็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใŸๆ–นใŒใ„ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็›ธๆ‰‹ใซๅฎŸ่กŒใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใ™ใŽ ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:50
But, even if you donโ€™t put the bad consequences into your sentence, the idea is still there.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆ‚ชใ„็ตๆžœใ‚’ๆ–‡็ซ ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใชใใฆใ‚‚ ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใฏใพใ ใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:02
If I say:
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็งใŒ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰๏ผš
12:03
"Youโ€™d better be on time."
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซ่กŒใฃใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
12:06
You would still understand that something bad will happen if youโ€™re not on time, even
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็งใŒ
12:13
though Iโ€™m not saying what that bad thing is.
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ใใฎๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐไฝ•ใ‹ๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจ ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†.
12:17
Letโ€™s do a review.
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ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:20
We use the verbs 'should', 'ought to', 'supposed to' and 'had better' to say what you or other
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚„ไป–ใฎไบบใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œshouldใ€ใ€ใ€Œ should toใ€ใ€ใ€Œsupposed toใ€ใ€ใ€Œhad betterใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ
12:28
people think is the right thing to do.
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ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:31
That means these verbs express advice, opinion, criticism or (for 'had better'), warnings
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ€ ๆ‰นๅˆคใ€ใพใŸใฏ (ใ€Œhad betterใ€ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใง) ่ญฆๅ‘Š
12:39
or threats.
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ใพใŸใฏ่„…่ฟซใ‚’่กจใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:40
'Should' and 'ought to' have the same meaning, although 'ought to' is much more formal and
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ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใจใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใฏๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ ใŒใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใฎๆ–นใŒใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅฝขๅผ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚Š
12:46
is not commonly used in spoken English.
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ใ€ๅฃ่ชž่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:49
'Supposed to' refers to what other people think is right, while 'should' expresses what
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ใ€Œๆƒณๅฎšใ€ใฏไป–ใฎไบบใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใฏ
12:56
you think is right.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่กจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:59
'Had better' expresses the idea that something bad will happen if you donโ€™t do what I say.
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ใ€ŒHad betterใ€ใฏใ€ ็งใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่€ƒใˆใ‚’่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:07
This is why 'had better' can also be used to make threats or give someone a warning.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€'had better' ใŒ่„…่ฟซใ‚„่ญฆๅ‘Šใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚
13:13
Thatโ€™s the end of the lesson.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
13:16
I hope it was helpful!
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ใŠๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฆใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:19
Want more practice with this topic?
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ใ“ใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใฃใจ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
13:22
Check out the full version of the lesson on our website: Oxford Online English dot com.
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ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๅฎŒๅ…จ็‰ˆใฏใ€ ็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใ€Oxford Online English dot com ใงใ”่ฆงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:30
Thanks for watching.
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่ฆ‹ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
13:32
See you next time!
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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