Advanced Vocabulary of CAUSE & EFFECT

395,801 views ใƒป 2015-05-18

Learn English with Rebecca


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
Hi. My name's Rebecca from www.engvid.com. Now, everyone knows that to improve your English,
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ ็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏ www.engvid.com ใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒƒใ‚ซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆ ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไธŠ้”ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใซใฏ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅข—ใ‚„ใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„
00:08
you need to expand your vocabulary. Right? True. But in today's lesson, I'm going to
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ็œŸๅฎŸใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏ
00:13
show you the key to not just expanding your vocabulary, but expanding... But really transforming
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ใ€่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅข—ใ‚„ใ™ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ๆ‹กๅผตใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ้ตใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ™ ... ใ—ใ‹ใ—
00:20
your vocabulary. And, how is that? That's by learning something called "collocations".
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹. ใงใ€ใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œ ใฏใ€Œใ‚ณใƒญใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
00:27
What are collocations? Collocations are word combinations, or two or more words that are
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ใ‚ณใƒญใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ใ‚ณใƒญใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎ ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ€ใพใŸใฏ
00:34
used together very frequently. So, rather than just learning one word, if you learn
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้žๅธธใซ้ ป็นใซไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ 2 ใคไปฅไธŠใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ 1 ใคใ ใ‘ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ
00:41
the expression, you learn how that word is used, what verb goes with which noun, etcetera,
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ใ€่กจ็พใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ ใ‹ใ€ใฉใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใฉใฎๅ่ฉžใซๅฏพๅฟœใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใชใฉใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจ
00:47
then your vocabulary will sound much more advanced, much more natural, and much more
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ใ€่ชžๅฝ™ใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Š ้ซ˜ๅบฆใงใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‡ช็„ถใงใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š
00:53
fluent. This is very important if you want to impress people when you're speaking, and
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ๆตๆšขใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซไบบใ€…ใซๆ„Ÿ้Š˜ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซ
00:58
extremely important if you want to get high marks in any English proficiency exam, such
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้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€TOEFL ใ‚„ IELTS ใชใฉใฎ่‹ฑ่ชž่ƒฝๅŠ›่ฉฆ้จ“ใง้ซ˜ๅพ—็‚นใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™
01:04
as the TOEFL or the IELTS.
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ใ€‚
01:06
Now, there are all kinds of collocations in English about everything that you can imagine,
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ใ•ใฆ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆƒณๅƒใงใใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใซ
01:11
and that's what makes the difference, sometimes, between whether someone really knows the language
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ใฏใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎใ‚ณใƒญใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใใฎ่จ€่ชžใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’็”Ÿใ‚€ใฎใงใ™
01:17
or not. It's not just a matter... It's not only a matter of knowing the word, but knowing
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. ใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใ ใฎๅ•้กŒใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“... ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ๅ˜่ชž
01:23
how to use the combination of words, the collocation. All right?
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ใฎ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ€ใ‚ณใƒญใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚้‡่ฆใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:28
So, in today's lesson, we're going to look at six kind of advanced collocations that
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใง
01:35
have to do with cause and effect. Now, you can always say that something made something
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ใฏใ€ๅŽŸๅ› ใจ็ตๆžœใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ 6 ็จฎ้กžใฎ้ซ˜ๅบฆใชใ‚ณใƒญใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅˆฅใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:42
else happen, and that's English, too, and it's perfectly fine to say that. But if you
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ใใ‚Œใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใพใฃใŸใๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—
01:48
want to say things in a more sophisticated way, in a more intelligent or educated way,
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ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆด—็ทดใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็Ÿฅ็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใ€ใพใŸใฏๆ•™้คŠใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใง
01:54
then you'll want to use the expressions which I'm going to teach you.
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็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹่กจ็พใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:57
All right? So, let's have a look.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใฏ ใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:59
So what I've done, I've written some words in red and some in black. So, all of the words
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŒใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ตคใงๆ›ธใใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’้ป’ใงๆ›ธใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
02:06
in red here at the top basically mean "caused". Okay? And everything on this side means the
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ใ“ใ“ใฎไธ€็•ชไธŠใซใ‚ใ‚‹่ตคๅญ—ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ™ในใฆใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€ŒๅŽŸๅ› ใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ๅดใฎใ™ในใฆใŒ
02:16
effect. All right? So these words are words we can use... These are synonyms for "caused"
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ๅŠนๆžœใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏ ็งใŸใกใŒไฝฟใˆใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™... ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ŒๅŽŸๅ› ใจใชใฃใŸใ€
02:23
or "made something happen" and this is the effect of it. So, let's look at some examples
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ€ใฎๅŒ็พฉ่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใใฎ ็ตๆžœใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
02:27
in sentences.
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ใ€‚
02:29
"The govt's policy produced the results..." Okay? So, you can't say: "made the results"
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ใ€Œๆ”ฟๅบœใฎๆ–น้‡ใŒ็ตๆžœใ‚’็”Ÿใ‚“ใ โ€ฆใ€ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œ็ตๆžœใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ€
02:37
or: "did the results", but you can say: "produced the results". All right? So, the collocation
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ็ตๆžœใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ€Œ็ตๆžœใ‚’็”Ÿใฟๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ณใƒญใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ
02:42
is "to produce results" or: "to produce the results". So: "The govt's policy produced
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ใฏใ€Œ็ตๆžœใ‚’็”Ÿๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ็ตๆžœใ‚’็”Ÿๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œๆ”ฟๅบœใฎๆ”ฟ็ญ–ใฏ
02:48
the results that we expected." Or: "The govt's policy didn't produce the results that we
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ใ€็งใŸใกใŒๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใŸ็ตๆžœใ‚’ใ‚‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใพใŸใฏ: ใ€Œๆ”ฟๅบœใฎ ๆ”ฟ็ญ–ใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใŸ็ตๆžœใ‚’ใ‚‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
02:55
expected." All right? So, that's the collocation there. That's the expression that you can learn.
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ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใใ“ใงใฎใ‚ณใƒญใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚
03:02
Let's look at another example. "The election provoked an outcry..." Now, again, "provoked"
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้ธๆŒ™ ใฏๆŠ—่ญฐใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใŸ...ใ€ ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ†ใณใ€ใ€ŒๆŒ‘็™บใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€
03:09
has something to do with caused. So, "to provoke" means to cause in a rather aggressive manner.
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ใฏๅŽŸๅ› ใจ้–ขไฟ‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€ŒๆŒ‘็™บใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ ใจใฏใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆ”ปๆ’ƒ็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:15
Okay? So, to provoke. Provoke what? An outcry. Now, what is it..? What is an outcry? An outcry
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆŒ‘็™บใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‚’ๆŒ‘็™บใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅซใณๅฃฐใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹..๏ผŸ ๆŠ—่ญฐใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๆŠ—่ญฐใจ
03:23
means public anger. All right? So, it's talking about something happened and it caused, in
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ใฏใ€ๅคง่ก†ใฎๆ€’ใ‚Šใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใง ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œ
03:29
a very kind of an aggressive way, a response, an angry response from the public. So, it
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ใฏ้žๅธธใซๆ”ปๆ’ƒ็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ€ๅๅฟœใ€ ๅคง่ก†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎๆ€’ใ‚Šใฎๅๅฟœใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ. ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œ
03:36
provoked an outcry. All right?
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ใฏๆŠ—่ญฐใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:39
You could say: "The election results provoked an outcry from the people."
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ใ€Œ้ธๆŒ™็ตๆžœ ใฏไบบใ€…ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎๆŠ—่ญฐใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:45
Next: "The blizzard wreaked havoc on the highway." All right? Now, what's a blizzard? A blizzard
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ๆฌก: ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒชใ‚ถใƒผใƒ‰ใŒ้ซ˜้€Ÿ้“่ทฏใ‚’ๅคงๆททไนฑใซ้™ฅใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ๅน้›ชใจใฏ๏ผŸ
03:53
is a very heavy snowstorm, for example. So: "The blizzard wreaked havoc..." "Wreaked"
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใƒ–ใƒชใ‚ถใƒผใƒ‰ใฏ้žๅธธใซๆฟ€ใ—ใ„ๅน้›ชใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ€ŒThe blizzard wreaked havoc...ใ€ใ€ŒWreaked
04:00
we said all these words mean "caused", it's another word for "caused". And "havoc", what
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ใ€ใฏใ™ในใฆใ€ŒๅŽŸๅ› ใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ€ŒๅŽŸๅ› ใ€ใฎ ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€Œๅคงๆททไนฑใ€ใ€
04:06
is "havoc"? "Havoc" means damage, destruction, confusion. Okay? So, the blizzard, the very
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ใ€Œๅคงๆททไนฑใ€ใจใฏ๏ผŸ ใ€Œๅคงๆททไนฑใ€ใจใฏใ€ใƒ€ใƒกใƒผใ‚ธใ€็ ดๅฃŠใ€ ๆททไนฑใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใƒ–ใƒชใ‚ถใƒผใƒ‰ใ€้žๅธธใซ
04:13
heavy snowstorm caused a lot of damage and destruction on the highway. So, it wreaked
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ๆฟ€ใ—ใ„ๅน้›ชใŒ้ซ˜้€Ÿ้“่ทฏใซๅคšใใฎๆๅฎณใจ็ ดๅฃŠใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
04:20
havoc. Now, of course, if you say that, you can always say: "The blizzard caused a lot
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ๅคงๆททไนฑใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ ใŒใใ†่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ“ใ†่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
04:26
of damage." Or: "The blizzard caused a lot of destruction." And that's fine. That's correct
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏ๏ผšใ€Œๅน้›ชใฏๅคšใใฎ็ ดๅฃŠใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ตๆง‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
04:30
English, too, but this better English.
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ใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎๆ–นใŒ่‰ฏใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
04:33
All right. Next. "The strike spelled disaster for the economy." for example. Right? So,
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ๆฌกใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ญ ใฏ็ตŒๆธˆใซ็ฝใ„ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
04:42
again, "to spell" in this case doesn't mean like spelling. Okay? It has a different meaning
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฎใ€Œ็ถดใ‚‹ใ€ใฏ็ถดใ‚Šใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒ้•ใ„
04:48
here. Here, "to spell disaster" means to cause disaster. And what's "disaster"? Means something
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€Œ็ฝๅฎณใ‚’็ถดใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏใ€็ฝๅฎณใ‚’่ตทใ“ใ™ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€Œ็ฝๅฎณใ€ใจใฏ๏ผŸ
04:55
very, very, very bad; a very bad event, a very bad happening, very serious issues and
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้žๅธธใซใ€้žๅธธใซใ€้žๅธธใซๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ้žๅธธใซๆ‚ชใ„ๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใ€ ้žๅธธใซๆ‚ชใ„ๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใ€้žๅธธใซๆทฑๅˆปใชๅ•้กŒใ‚„
05:01
problems. A disaster. So, the strike caused disaster or spelled disaster. Okay? On the...
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ๅ•้กŒใ€‚ ็ฝๅฎณใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ญใฏ็ฝๅฎณใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใŸใ€ ใพใŸใฏ็ฝๅฎณใ‚’็ถดใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ไธŠใง
05:09
For the economy.
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... ็ตŒๆธˆใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€‚
05:11
Next one: "The Prime Minister"-I just wrote "PM"-"The Prime Minister's behaviour prompted
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ๆฌกใฏ ใ€Œ้ฆ–็›ธใ€-ใ€Œ้ฆ–็›ธใ€ใจๆ›ธใใพใ—ใŸ-ใ€Œ้ฆ–็›ธใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใฏ
05:18
speculation about his honesty. The Prime Minister's behaviour prompted", or caused, or led to,
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ใ€ๅฝผใฎ่ช ๅฎŸใ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๆ†ถๆธฌใ‚’ ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚้ฆ–็›ธใฎ่กŒๅ‹•
05:27
"speculation", which is suspicion or doubt. Okay? The Prime Minister's behaviour led to
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ใฏใ€็–‘ใ„ใพใŸใฏ็–‘ใ„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œๆ†ถๆธฌใ€ใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ . ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ้ฆ–็›ธใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใฏ
05:35
doubt, prompted speculation about his honesty. Okay? Again, lots of good vocabulary here,
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็–‘ใ„ใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใฎ่ช ๅฎŸใ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๆ†ถๆธฌใ‚’ๅ‘ผใ‚“ใ . ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸ่ชžๅฝ™
05:43
and even better collocations. Right? The entire expression. So, this way, if you learn the
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ใจใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ณใƒญใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ่กจๆƒ…ๅ…จไฝ“ ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่กจ็พๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’ๅญฆในใฐ
05:48
whole expression, you will be able to write much more fluently and speak much more fluently.
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ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆตๆšขใซๆ›ธใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆตๆšขใซ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:55
Next one: "The boss's favoritism bred resentment among the employees." So, what is that? First
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ๆฌกใฏใ€ŒไธŠๅธใฎใˆใ“ใฒใ„ใใŒ็คพๅ“กใฎๆจใฟใ‚’็”Ÿใ‚“ใ  ใ€ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใพใš็ฌฌไธ€ใซ
06:04
of all: what is favoritism? A favoritism is when somebody favors, or treats one person
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ใ€ๅฅฝๆ„ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ่ด”ๅฑ“ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚’ไป–ใฎไบบใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅฅฝๆ„็š„ใซๆ‰ฑใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅ„ช้‡ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹
06:11
better than another person. So, a boss here is treating one employee or a few employees
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ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ใฎไธŠๅธ ใฏใ€1 ไบบใพใŸใฏๆ•ฐไบบใฎๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใ‚’
06:18
more nice... Nicely than other people. Okay? Sometimes bosses do that, sometimes teachers
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ไป–ใฎไบบใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅ„ชใ—ใๆ‰ฑใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ไธŠๅธใŒใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๆ•™ๅธซใŒ
06:24
do that, sometimes parents do that. They shouldn't do that, but it happens. And when that happens,
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€่ฆชใŒใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใจใ
06:29
what happens to the other people? They're not very happy. Are they? No. So, they become...
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ใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใ€…ใฏใฉใ†ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅนธใ›ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ๏ผŸ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ...
06:35
They feel a lot of resentment. They become resentful. And resentment is basically bitterness
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅคšใใฎๆ†คใ‚Šใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ๆ†คๆ…จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๆจใฟใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ่‹ฆๅ‘ณ
06:41
or anger. So... And the verb here is "to breed resentment", "to cause resentment". Okay?
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ใ‚„ๆ€’ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰... ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œ ๆจใฟใ‚’็”Ÿใ‚€ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆจใฟใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:50
So: "The boss's favoritism bred"-in the past-"bred resentment among the employees."
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€ŒไธŠๅธใฎใˆใ“ใฒใ„ใใฏใ€ใ€ ้ŽๅŽปใซใฏใ€Œๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใฎๆจใฟใ‚’็”Ÿใ‚“ใ ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:56
So, you have a lot of serious collocations and expressions to learn, here. But just imagine,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใฏๅญฆใถในใๆทฑๅˆปใชใ‚ณใƒญใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใจ่กจ็พใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:01
if you actually start... If you learn them and you actually start using them in your
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ใ‚‚ใ—ๅฎŸ้š›ใซๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใ‚‰โ€ฆ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅญฆใณ ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใงไฝฟใ„ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹
07:05
writing, of course you're going to get better marks. There's no question about it. And you're
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ใจใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„็‚นๆ•ฐใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
07:09
going to sound like a very educated person. And if you're in university or in any kind
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้žๅธธใซๆ•™้คŠใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅคงๅญฆใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กž
07:13
of academic environment, this kind of English is what's required. It's also fairly standard
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ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏ็’ฐๅขƒใซใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎ่‹ฑ่ชž ใฏๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™. ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใงใ‚‚ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆจ™ๆบ–็š„
07:20
at those levels. Okay?
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:21
Let's go over them again. You can pronounce them after me. "To produce results",
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ็งใฎๅพŒใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™. ใ€Œ็ตๆžœใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจ
07:28
"to provoke an outcry", "to wreak havoc",
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ใ€ใ€ใ€ŒๆŠ—่ญฐใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ™ใ“ใจใ€ใ€ ใ€Œๅคงๆททไนฑใ‚’ใ‚‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใ€ใ€
07:35
"to spell disaster", "to prompt speculation", and the last one:
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ใ€Œ็ฝๅฎณใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ™ใ“ใจใ€ใ€ใ€ŒๆŠ•ๆฉŸใ‚’ไฟƒใ™ใ“ใจ ใ€ใ€ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ
07:44
"to breed resentment". Okay? Now I just said them as they are. Here, they were all written
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ใ€Œๆจใฟใ‚’็”Ÿใ‚€ใ“ใจใ€. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ไปŠใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ‚ใ‚Šใฎใพใพใซ่จ€ใ„ ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ™ในใฆ
07:50
in the past tense.
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้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:52
So, this is a really important subject, collocations. If you want to do some practice, which I recommend,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใชไธป้กŒใ€ใ‚ณใƒญใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใง ใ€็งใŒใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ™ใ‚‹็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
07:58
because you want to master... You have a lot to master, here. You have to master the verbs,
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... ใ“ใ“ใซใฏใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ—
08:02
you have to master the nouns here. Okay? A lot of practice is very helpful. Go to our
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ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใšใ€ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใŒใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝ“็คพใฎ
08:07
website: www.engvid.com. And if you want to keep improving your English,
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Web ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ (www.engvid.com) ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไธŠ้”ใ•ใ›ใŸใ„ใชใ‚‰
08:12
subscribe to my channel. There's always lots of ideas that will help you improve and transform your English.
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ใ€็งใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ€ๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใฏๅธธใซใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:19
Bye for now.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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