Past Simple & Present Perfect

797,733 views ใƒป 2012-08-15

Learn English with Rebecca


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi. My name is Rebecca, and in today's lesson, I'm going to show you a way to differentiate
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ ็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใƒฌใƒ™ใƒƒใ‚ซใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใง ใฏ
00:09
between two very common tenses used in English, which are the past simple and the present
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ™‚ๅˆถ ใ€ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใจ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ๅŒบๅˆฅใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—
00:15
perfect. Another lesson about that? Yes. There are a number of lessons on that subject, and
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๅˆฅใฎๆ•™่จ“๏ผŸ ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ ใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๅคšใใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ
00:22
that's because it can be a confusing issue, but I'm going to give you a particular perspective
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆททไนฑใ‚’ๆ‹›ใๅ•้กŒใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
00:28
which I hope will help you to differentiate between these two very common tenses. All
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ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ๅŒบๅˆฅใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎ่ฆ–็‚นใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:34
right? So let's have a look.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใฏ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:36
So let's start by talking about the past simple tense in English. When do we use the past
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† .
00:42
simple tense? We use the past simple tense to talk about anything that has already happened
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ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๆ™‚ๅˆถใฏใ„ใคไฝฟใ†๏ผŸ ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๆ™‚ๅˆถใฏใ€้ŽๅŽป ใซใ™ใงใซ
00:49
in the past, at a finished time in the past. So if we look at this graphic representation
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่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚็‚นใง่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ
00:56
of the past simple, you'll see here's the event in the past, it's finished and it's
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ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใฎใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏ่กจ็พใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ“ใ“ ใซ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใฆ
01:03
over, and here's now. There's no connection. All right? As such. This event is finished
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็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ—ใฆไปŠใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆŽฅ็ถšใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใฏ
01:10
and over, it's an action that finished and is over in the past. Okay? On the contrary,
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็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใฆ็ต‚ไบ† ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚้ŽๅŽปใซ็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใฆ็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใŸใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฉใ“ใ‚ใ‹
01:18
the present perfect talks about something that happened in the past, and it's still
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ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ† ใฏ้ŽๅŽปใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏไปŠใงใ‚‚
01:25
true now. So here, the emphasis is on the length of time, right? And on the condition
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็œŸๅฎŸใงใ™. ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใฎ้•ทใ•ใซ้‡็‚นใŒ็ฝฎใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆ
01:35
that we are talking about that exists between now, between a time in the past and now. Whereas
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ใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆกไปถใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ็พๅœจใฎ้–“ใซๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎๆ™‚้–“ใจ็พๅœจใฎ้–“ใซๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ™.
01:43
here, we simply talked about an action in the past. In present perfect, we're talking
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ๅ˜ใซ้ŽๅŽปใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ— ใŸใ€‚ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใจ็พๅœจใฎ้–“ใซๅญ˜ๅœจ
01:48
about a condition or a state or a status that exists between the past and now. And in fact,
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ใ™ใ‚‹ๆกไปถใ€็Šถๆ…‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ฟใ‚นใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๅฎŸ้š›ใ€
01:56
it includes the past and now. Okay? Let me give you some examples and I hope you'll
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ใใ‚Œใซใฏ้ŽๅŽปใจ็พๅœจใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
02:02
understand a little bit better how this works.
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ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ใงใ‚‚็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:05
So, for example, when we're using the past simple, your question would be something like
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ๅ ดๅˆใ€่ณชๅ•ใฏๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Š
02:11
this. "When did you get engaged?" All right? Because you're talking about a particular
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ„ใคๅฉš็ด„ใ—ใŸใฎ๏ผŸใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ้ŽๅŽป ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚็‚นใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง
02:18
point of time in the past, you ask using the question word "when". "When did you get engaged?"
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ใ€ ็–‘ๅ•่ฉžใ€Œใ„ใคใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๅฐ‹ใญใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ„ใคๅฉš็ด„ใ—ใŸใฎ๏ผŸใ€
02:27
The same question asked in the present perfect would be a little bit different. It would
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅŒใ˜่ณชๅ• ใฏใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:33
be, "How long have you been engaged?" "How long have you been engaged?" Well, we've been
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ใ€Œๅฉš็ด„ๆœŸ้–“ใฏใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ ๅฉš็ด„ๆœŸ้–“ใฏใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใˆใˆใจใ€็งใŸใก
02:40
engaged for one month or two months or two years. Okay? So here, the answer would be
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ใฏ1ใ‹ๆœˆใ€2ใ‹ๆœˆใ€ใพใŸใฏ2ๅนด้–“ๅพ“ไบ‹ใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฎ็ญ”ใˆใฏ
02:47
that we have been engaged for a period of time. Here, the answer would be a particular
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ใ€็งใŸใกใฏไธ€ๅฎšๆœŸ้–“ๅพ“ไบ‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€็ญ”ใˆใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฉš็ด„ใ—ใŸ็‰นๅฎšใฎ
02:53
date when you got engaged. All right?
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ๆ—ฅไป˜ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ . ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:57
Let's look at some more common examples. "When did you get married?" Or in present perfect,
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชไพ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ " ใ„ใค็ตๆง‹ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ" ใพใŸใฏใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใง
03:05
the question would be, "How long have you been married?" Here, you just want to know
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ใฏใ€ใ€Œ็ตๅฉšใ—ใฆใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่ณชๅ•ใซใชใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ„ใค่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€
03:09
actually when it happened, and here, you want to know the length of time or how long somebody
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒ็ตๅฉšใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎๆœŸ้–“ใพใŸใฏๆœŸ้–“ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆ
03:16
has been married. All right? You can use this in good and bad situations in life. Okay?
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏใ€ไบบ็”Ÿใฎ่‰ฏใ„็Šถๆณใงใ‚‚ๆ‚ชใ„็Šถๆณใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:23
"When did you get divorced?" Or, "How long have you been divorced?" Okay?
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ใ€Œใ„ใค้›ขๅฉšใ—ใŸใฎ๏ผŸใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€ ใ€Œ้›ขๅฉšใ—ใฆใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:31
Another one, "When did you graduate?" All right? Or, present perfect, "How long have
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฏใ€Œใ„ใคๅ’ๆฅญใ—ใŸใฎ๏ผŸใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใพใŸใฏใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ€ใ€Œใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„
03:38
you been out of school?" In North America, when we say "out of school", we don't mean
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ๅญฆๆ กใ‚’ไผ‘ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ ๅŒ—็ฑณใงใฏใ€ ใ€Œๅญฆๆ กใ‚’ๅ’ๆฅญใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ๅฐๅญฆๆ กใ‚„้ซ˜ๆ กใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“
03:43
elementary school or high school. We mean also university and college. All right? It's
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. ๅคงๅญฆใ‚„ใ‚ซใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ธใ‚‚ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:49
referred to as school.
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ใ„ใ‚ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๅญฆๆ กใงใ™ใ€‚
03:52
In the past simple, we could say, "When did you get this job?" In present perfect, we
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้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงใฏใ€ใ€Œ ใ„ใคใ“ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใซๅฐฑใ„ใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใฏ
03:57
could say, "How long have you worked here?" Or, "How long have you been employed?" You
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ใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ“ใงใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
04:06
don't always have to use the word "been". Okay? You can also use whatever verb you need,
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ใ€Œbeenใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅธธใซไฝฟใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
04:14
but in this case, we could say, "How long have you worked here?" "How long have you
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ใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ“ใงใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ ๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ…ฅ็คพใ—ใฆไฝ•ๅนด
04:19
been employed?" All right?
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ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:22
Again, bad news, "When did you lose your job?" "When?" Now, we're asking the day or the date
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œใ„ใคไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅคฑใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ‚ชใ„ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ "ใ„ใค๏ผŸ" ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏๆ—ฅใ€ๆ—ฅไป˜ใ€ใพใŸใฏๆœˆใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
04:29
or the month, but if you want to know how long somebody didn't have their job, then
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๆœŸ้–“ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚Š
04:35
we would say, "How long have you been out of work?" Or, "How long have you been unemployed?"
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ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ไผ‘ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ๅคฑๆฅญใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
04:42
Okay? "When did you move to Toronto?" Okay? That's one question. Present perfect question
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œใƒˆใƒญใƒณใƒˆใซๅผ•ใฃ่ถŠใ—ใŸใฎใฏใ„ใคใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚ŒใŒ1ใคใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ใฎ่ณชๅ•
04:51
would be, "How long have you been in Toronto?" Okay? Again, the question is asking for different
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ใฏใ€ใ€Œใƒˆใƒญใƒณใƒˆใซใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ๆปžๅœจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€่ณชๅ•ใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพใช
04:59
kinds of information. Here, the question is asking for the action and the time exactly
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็จฎ้กžใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฎ ่ณชๅ•ใฏใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใจไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸๆญฃ็ขบใชๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใฆใ„
05:04
when something happened, and here, the question is asking about a condition or how long that
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€่ณชๅ• ใฏ็Šถๆ…‹ใ€
05:09
condition existed or that status existed. All right?
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ใพใŸใฏใใฎ็Šถๆ…‹ใพใŸใฏใใฎ็Šถๆ…‹ใŒๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใŸๆœŸ้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‹ใญใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:14
Let's look at a few other examples. "When did you hear the news?" Or, "How long have
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ไป–ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œ ใ„ใคใใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ
05:20
you known the news?" In this case, you have to change the verb to make sense, for it to
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ใใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
05:26
make sense. Right? Or, "When did you meet John?" That would be a past simple question.
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ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใ„ใคใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใซไผšใฃใŸใฎ ๏ผŸใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใช่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:33
"When did you meet John?" Present perfect would be, "How long have you known John?"
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ใ€Œใ„ใคใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใซไผšใฃใŸใฎ๏ผŸใ€ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝข ใฏใ€ŒJohn ใ‚’ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:39
Right? Because you can't keep meeting John. Once you meet him, that's finished and it's
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ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใซไผšใ„็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใซไผšใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
05:45
over. Now, you know him. So, "How long have you known John?"
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็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ‚’ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
05:49
Let's give... Let's work on a couple of other examples. Here, if we want to ask a question,
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ใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†... ไป–ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใง่ณชๅ•
05:55
we would say, "When did you arrive?" Right? And if you change that to present perfect,
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ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œใ„ใคๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹
06:02
you could say, "How long have you been here?" Right? "When did you wake up?" would become,
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ใจใ€ใ€Œใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ "ใ„ใคใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ตทใใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ"
06:12
"How long have you been up?" Or, "How long have you been awake?" All right?
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ใ€Œใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„่ตทใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ ใ€Œใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„่ตทใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:22
So, you see that past simple and present perfect are talking about different kinds of information,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใจ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝข ใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑ
06:31
and by understanding what information you need, you can decide whether you need to use
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ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฟ…่ฆใชๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’็†่งฃ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใง
06:36
the past simple or the present perfect. Okay? I hope this has helped you to understand this
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ใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใจ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅˆคๆ–ญใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€ใ“ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎ็‚นใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
06:42
particular point. If you'd like to do some more practice on this subject and this topic,
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใจใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใฃใจ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
06:47
we have a quiz. You can go to our website, www.engvid.com. Thanks very much. Thanks for
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ใฏใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝ“็คพใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใ†ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚ ่ฆ‹ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†
06:55
watching.
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ใ€‚

Original video on YouTube.com
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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