Past Simple & Present Perfect

797,733 views ใƒป 2012-08-15

Learn English with Rebecca


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi. My name is Rebecca, and in today's lesson, I'm going to show you a way to differentiate
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์•ˆ๋…•. ์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ Rebecca์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š”
00:09
between two very common tenses used in English, which are the past simple and the present
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์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ํ”ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹œ์ œ, ์ฆ‰ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ
00:15
perfect. Another lesson about that? Yes. There are a number of lessons on that subject, and
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์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์„ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตํ›ˆ? ์˜ˆ. ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตํ›ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
that's because it can be a confusing issue, but I'm going to give you a particular perspective
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ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
00:28
which I hope will help you to differentiate between these two very common tenses. All
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์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
right? So let's have a look.
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:36
So let's start by talking about the past simple tense in English. When do we use the past
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์˜์–ด์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค . ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
00:42
simple tense? We use the past simple tense to talk about anything that has already happened
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? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ด๋ฏธ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:49
in the past, at a finished time in the past. So if we look at this graphic representation
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
00:56
of the past simple, you'll see here's the event in the past, it's finished and it's
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋๋‚ฌ๊ณ ,
01:03
over, and here's now. There's no connection. All right? As such. This event is finished
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๋๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด. ์ด ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๋Š” ๋๋‚ฌ๊ณ 
01:10
and over, it's an action that finished and is over in the past. Okay? On the contrary,
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๋๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋๋‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋๋‚œ ํ–‰๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ
01:18
the present perfect talks about something that happened in the past, and it's still
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ
01:25
true now. So here, the emphasis is on the length of time, right? And on the condition
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ฐ•์กฐ์ ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ธธ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
01:35
that we are talking about that exists between now, between a time in the past and now. Whereas
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ์ด, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด
01:43
here, we simply talked about an action in the past. In present perfect, we're talking
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”
01:48
about a condition or a state or a status that exists between the past and now. And in fact,
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์กฐ๊ฑด์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํƒœ ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์‹ค
01:56
it includes the past and now. Okay? Let me give you some examples and I hope you'll
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
understand a little bit better how this works.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
So, for example, when we're using the past simple, your question would be something like
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:11
this. "When did you get engaged?" All right? Because you're talking about a particular
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. "์–ธ์ œ ์•ฝํ˜ผํ–ˆ์–ด?" ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:18
point of time in the past, you ask using the question word "when". "When did you get engaged?"
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"์–ธ์ œ"๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฌธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์–ธ์ œ ์•ฝํ˜ผํ–ˆ์–ด?"
02:27
The same question asked in the present perfect would be a little bit different. It would
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ๋ฌป๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
be, "How long have you been engaged?" "How long have you been engaged?" Well, we've been
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"์•ฝํ˜ผํ•œ ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋์–ด์š”?" " ์•ฝํ˜ผํ•œ ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋์–ด์š”?" ์Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
02:40
engaged for one month or two months or two years. Okay? So here, the answer would be
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ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ, ๋‘ ๋‹ฌ ๋˜๋Š” 2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์•ฝํ˜ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€
02:47
that we have been engaged for a period of time. Here, the answer would be a particular
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์•ฝํ˜ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ์•ฝํ˜ผํ•œ ํŠน์ • ๋‚ ์งœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:53
date when you got engaged. All right?
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. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
02:57
Let's look at some more common examples. "When did you get married?" Or in present perfect,
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์ข€ ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์–ธ์ œ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ–ˆ์–ด?" ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ
03:05
the question would be, "How long have you been married?" Here, you just want to know
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ "๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•œ ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š”
03:09
actually when it happened, and here, you want to know the length of time or how long somebody
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋ฟ์ด๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋˜๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜
03:16
has been married. All right? You can use this in good and bad situations in life. Okay?
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๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ์‚ถ์˜ ์ข‹์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๋‚˜์œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
03:23
"When did you get divorced?" Or, "How long have you been divorced?" Okay?
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"์–ธ์ œ ์ดํ˜ผํ–ˆ์–ด?" ๋˜๋Š” "์ดํ˜ผํ•œ ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?" ์ข‹์•„์š”?
03:31
Another one, "When did you graduate?" All right? Or, present perfect, "How long have
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” "์–ธ์ œ ์กธ์—…ํ–ˆ๋‹ˆ?" ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ, "
03:38
you been out of school?" In North America, when we say "out of school", we don't mean
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ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚œ ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?" ๋ถ๋ฏธ์—์„œ "ํ•™๊ต ๋ฐ–"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด
03:43
elementary school or high school. We mean also university and college. All right? It's
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์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋‚˜ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
03:49
referred to as school.
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ํ•™๊ต๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
In the past simple, we could say, "When did you get this job?" In present perfect, we
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” "์–ธ์ œ ์ด ์ง์—…์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์—์„œ๋Š”
03:57
could say, "How long have you worked here?" Or, "How long have you been employed?" You
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"์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” "์ทจ์—…ํ•œ ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
04:06
don't always have to use the word "been". Okay? You can also use whatever verb you need,
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ํ•ญ์ƒ "been"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„
04:14
but in this case, we could say, "How long have you worked here?" "How long have you
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” "์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ผํ•˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ทจ์—…ํ•œ ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋์–ด์š”
04:19
been employed?" All right?
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?" ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
04:22
Again, bad news, "When did you lose your job?" "When?" Now, we're asking the day or the date
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‚˜์œ ์†Œ์‹์€ "์–ธ์ œ ์ง์žฅ์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?" "์–ธ์ œ?" ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚ ์งœ๋‚˜ ๋‚ ์งœ
04:29
or the month, but if you want to know how long somebody didn't have their job, then
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๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ฌ์„ ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ง์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:35
we would say, "How long have you been out of work?" Or, "How long have you been unemployed?"
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"์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” "์‹ค์งํ•œ ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
04:42
Okay? "When did you move to Toronto?" Okay? That's one question. Present perfect question
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์ข‹์•„์š”? "์–ธ์ œ ํ† ๋ก ํ† ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌํ•˜์…จ์–ด์š”?" ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
04:51
would be, "How long have you been in Toronto?" Okay? Again, the question is asking for different
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"ํ† ๋ก ํ† ์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ
04:59
kinds of information. Here, the question is asking for the action and the time exactly
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์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ฌป๊ณ 
05:04
when something happened, and here, the question is asking about a condition or how long that
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์žˆ๊ณ , ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜
05:09
condition existed or that status existed. All right?
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์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
05:14
Let's look at a few other examples. "When did you hear the news?" Or, "How long have
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์–ธ์ œ ์†Œ์‹ ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด?" ๋˜๋Š” "
05:20
you known the news?" In this case, you have to change the verb to make sense, for it to
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๊ทธ ์†Œ์‹์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?" ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:26
make sense. Right? Or, "When did you meet John?" That would be a past simple question.
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. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ๋˜๋Š” "John์„ ์–ธ์ œ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?" ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
"When did you meet John?" Present perfect would be, "How long have you known John?"
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"์กด์„ ์–ธ์ œ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?" ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š” "John์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
Right? Because you can't keep meeting John. Once you meet him, that's finished and it's
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ์กด์„ ๊ณ„์† ๋งŒ๋‚  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ. ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋์ด๊ณ 
05:45
over. Now, you know him. So, "How long have you known John?"
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๋์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "์กด์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?"
05:49
Let's give... Let's work on a couple of other examples. Here, if we want to ask a question,
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ํ•ด๋ณด์ž... ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:55
we would say, "When did you arrive?" Right? And if you change that to present perfect,
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"์–ธ์ œ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด
06:02
you could say, "How long have you been here?" Right? "When did you wake up?" would become,
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"์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? "์–ธ์ œ ์ผ์–ด ๋‚ฌ๋‹ˆ?"
06:12
"How long have you been up?" Or, "How long have you been awake?" All right?
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"์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋์–ด?" ๋˜๋Š” "์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊นจ์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?" ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
06:22
So, you see that past simple and present perfect are talking about different kinds of information,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ •๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ 
06:31
and by understanding what information you need, you can decide whether you need to use
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์–ด๋–ค ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
06:36
the past simple or the present perfect. Okay? I hope this has helped you to understand this
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:42
particular point. If you'd like to do some more practice on this subject and this topic,
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. ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข€ ๋” ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:47
we have a quiz. You can go to our website, www.engvid.com. Thanks very much. Thanks for
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ํ€ด์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ www.engvid.com์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ฒญ ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:55
watching.
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.

Original video on YouTube.com
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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