Learn English Grammar: Reported Speech

761,005 views ใƒป 2008-12-10

Learn English with Rebecca


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi, I'm Rebecca, and today we're going to be talking about something that's known as
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒƒใ‚ซใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ
00:14
"reported speech" in grammar.
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ใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใงใ€Œๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใ€ใจใ—ใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:17
We use "reported speech" when we talk about something that someone else has said.
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ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏใ€ใ€Œๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:23
When you describe what someone else told you, what someone else actually said, you use "reported
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ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ€ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ใ€Œๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
00:30
speech".
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.
00:31
Now, the way we do this is we take the original sentence, and we usually change it into one
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€ๅ…ƒใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ—ใฆใ€้€šๅธธใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ 1 ใคใฎ
00:40
tense back.
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ๆ™‚ๅˆถใซๆˆปใ™ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
00:41
What do I mean by that?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:43
Let's look at the first example, which I've written for you on the board, using the verb
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซๆ›ธใ„ใŸๅ‹•่ฉž
00:48
"to be", okay?
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ใ€Œto beใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
00:50
So, in the original sentence, we say, "You're smart", or "Somebody said to me, 'You're smart'".
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ…ƒใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€ใ€ŒYou're smartใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒSomebody said to me, 'You're smart'ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:00
If I was describing that, I would say, "He said you were smart."
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้ ญใŒใ„ใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:06
Not "He said you are smart", "He said you were smart".
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ณขใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ณขใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€ใ€‚
01:11
That's just because we have to use "reported speech" when we describe what somebody else
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€Œๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
01:17
has said.
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.
01:18
It doesn't mean that you're not smart anymore, you're still smart, it just means that you
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚‚ใ†่ณขใใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใชใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใพใ ่ณขใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™
01:23
are describing something which somebody told you in the past, okay?
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ใ€‚้ŽๅŽปใซ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:27
So, let's look at the next one, "He's a teacher."
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ใงใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใ™ใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:32
That's the original sentence.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅŽŸๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:34
When you want to change it to "reported speech", you say, "He told me he was a teacher."
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ใ€Œๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใ€ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๆ•™ๅธซใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:40
"He told me he was a teacher."
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒๆ•™ๅธซใ ใจ็งใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚ใ€
01:43
You see that change from "is" to "was".
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ใ€Œisใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œwasใ€ใธใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:47
Let's look at the next one, "She's beautiful."
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ๆฌกใฎใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็พŽใ—ใ„ใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:51
That's the original sentence.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅŽŸๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:52
"He told me she was beautiful."
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ใ€ŒๅฝผใฏๅฝผๅฅณใŒ็พŽใ—ใ„ใจ็งใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚ใ€
01:55
"He told me she was beautiful."
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ใ€ŒๅฝผใฏๅฝผๅฅณใŒ็พŽใ—ใ„ใจ็งใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚ใ€
01:58
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
01:59
So, again, we're changing the "she is" to "she was".
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€"she is" ใ‚’ "she was" ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:03
Let's look at the next one, "It is broken."
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ๆฌกใฎใ€ŒๅฃŠใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚
02:07
"He told me it was broken."
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅฃŠใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ็งใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚ใ€
02:09
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
02:10
"It is" becomes "it was".
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใฏใ€Œใ‚ใฃใŸใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:14
Last one here, "They are tired."
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:17
"They told", sorry, "He told me they were tired."
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€ใ€็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ็งใซๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸ.ใ€
02:22
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
02:23
"They are" becomes "they were".
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:28
That's the first set of examples that I've got for you with the verb "to be".
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œto beใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸๆœ€ๅˆใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:32
When I come back in a moment, I'm going to give you some more examples using other basic
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ใ™ใใซๆˆปใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€็พๅœจๅฝขใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใชใฉใ€ไป–ใฎๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸไพ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็ดนไป‹
02:37
tenses such as present simple, past simple, and so on.
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ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:42
See you in just a moment.
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ใ™ใใซใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:47
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
02:48
So, now let's continue with some other tenses and see how they work when we report them
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไป–ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใฆใ€ๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
02:54
in reported speech.
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.
02:55
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:56
Let's look at these examples, "They live in Russia."
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒญใ‚ทใ‚ขใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
02:59
If this is your original sentence in present simple, "They live in Russia."
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ใชๅŽŸๆ–‡ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒญใ‚ทใ‚ขใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
03:05
In reported speech, we would say, "He told me they lived in Russia."
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ๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใงใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใƒญใ‚ทใ‚ขใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจ็งใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:11
It becomes past simple.
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้ŽๅŽปใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:13
Present simple becomes past simple, "He told me they lived in Russia."
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็พๅœจๅฝขใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใƒญใ‚ทใ‚ขใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
03:19
Let's look at the next one, "They are living in Russia."
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ๆฌกใฎใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒญใ‚ทใ‚ขใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚
03:23
Right now, "They are living in Russia" is present continuous.
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็พๅœจใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒญใ‚ทใ‚ขใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใฏ็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
03:29
When we put it into reported speech, we say, "He told me they were living in Russia."
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใƒญใ‚ทใ‚ขใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจ็งใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:36
"Are living" becomes "were living".
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ใ€Œ็”Ÿใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใฏใ€Œ็”Ÿใใฆใ„ใŸใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:40
Next sentence, "They lived in Russia."
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒญใ‚ทใ‚ขใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
03:44
That's the original sentence, past simple.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅŽŸๆ–‡ใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
03:47
When we change it into reported speech, we say, "He told me they had lived in Russia."
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใƒญใ‚ทใ‚ขใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใจ็งใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:54
It becomes past perfect.
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้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:57
"They were living in Russia."
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒญใ‚ทใ‚ขใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
04:00
"They were living in Russia" is past continuous, so if we change it to reported speech, we'll
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒญใ‚ทใ‚ขใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใฏ้ŽๅŽป้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใชใฎใงใ€ๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹
04:07
say, "He told me they had been living in Russia," which becomes past perfect continuous.
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ใจใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใƒญใ‚ทใ‚ขใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใจ็งใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:15
For those of you who know your tenses, to do reported speech, we really do need to be
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใฏใ€ๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใ‚’่กŒใ†ใŸใ‚ใซ
04:20
aware of the tenses, okay, and the grammatical forms.
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ใ€ๆ™‚ๅˆถใจๆ–‡ๆณ•ๅฝขๅผใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:24
It really does come in here, alright?
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ใปใ‚“ใจใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ‚‹ใ‚“ใ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:27
And the last one, which is in the future, at the moment, "They will live in Russia."
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€็พๆ™‚็‚นใงใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒญใ‚ทใ‚ขใซไฝใ‚€ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:32
That's in the future, so we change it to, "He told me they would live in Russia."
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆœชๆฅใฎใ“ใจใชใฎใงใ€ใ€Œใƒญใ‚ทใ‚ขใซไฝใ‚€ใจๅฝผใฏ็งใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:37
This is an example, using five different tenses, of how you can convert sentences from the
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€5 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ๆ–‡็ซ 
04:44
way you originally hear them into reported speech, alright?
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ใ‚’ๆœ€ๅˆใซ่žใ„ใŸๆ–นๆณ•ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ้Ÿณๅฃฐใซๅค‰ๆ›ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:49
Now, let's go to a little quiz to see how well you've understood this, okay?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:56
Here's the first example, "I like ice cream."
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ๅˆใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
05:00
I say to you, "I like ice cream."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€ใจใ‚ใชใŸใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:04
So you tell someone else, "Rebecca said that," fill in the blank, "Rebecca said that she
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ไป–ใฎไบบใซใ€Œใƒฌใƒ™ใƒƒใ‚ซใŒใใ†่จ€ใฃใŸใ€ใจไผใˆใ€็ฉบๆฌ„ใซใ€Œใƒฌใƒ™ใƒƒใ‚ซใฏใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใŒๅฅฝใใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€ใจไผใˆ
05:17
liked ice cream," okay?
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:20
If you said that, you were right.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ†่จ€ใฃใŸใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆญฃใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
05:23
So we took the present simple, "I like ice cream," change it into past.
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ใใ“ใงใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใช็พๅœจใ‚’้ŽๅŽปใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:28
Let's take another example, "You ate dinner."
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
05:33
"You ate dinner," is your original sentence that somebody said.
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€ใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ…ƒใฎๆ–‡ใงใ™.
05:37
If you want to report that, or describe that to someone else, what would you say?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ไฝ•ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
05:42
"He said that you had eaten dinner."
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
05:46
"He said that you had eaten dinner."
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
05:51
You take the past tense, "You ate dinner," and put it into past perfect, "You had eaten
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใซใ—ใพใ™
05:57
dinner."
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ใ€‚
05:58
Let's take another one.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:01
"She has broken up with her boyfriend."
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฝผๆฐใจๅˆฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
06:04
"She has broken up with her boyfriend," right now, is in the present perfect, and we can
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒœใƒผใ‚คใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใจๅˆฅใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใฏ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใ™
06:12
change it to become, "She told me she had broken up with her boyfriend," which means
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ใŒใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒœใƒผใ‚คใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใจๅˆฅใ‚ŒใŸใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:19
that we have taken present perfect and changed it into past perfect, "She had broken up."
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅˆฅใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:27
Let's take another one, an example with a modal.
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ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใ€ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:30
"They can swim."
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆณณใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
06:33
How would we change that one?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:35
Well, like this, "They told me they could swim," "can" becomes "could."
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็งใซๆณณใ’ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€Œใงใใพใ™ใ€ใฏใ€ŒใงใใŸใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:44
"They told me they could swim."
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็งใซๆณณใ’ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
06:48
Let's take an example in the future tense, "He will pass the exam."
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่ฉฆ้จ“ใซๅˆๆ ผใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆœชๆฅๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:54
"He will pass the exam."
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่ฉฆ้จ“ใซๅˆๆ ผใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
06:56
How do we change that one?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:58
"He told me he would pass the exam," alright?
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ็งใซ่ฉฆ้จ“ใซๅˆๆ ผใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
07:04
I know it can be confusing, so if you make mistakes with that, it means you need to review
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ๆททไนฑใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’้–“้•ใˆใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€
07:10
a little bit of your grammatical tenses, and you can understand it, okay?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
07:16
Now, of course, if you don't make these changes in the recorded speech, it's not that people
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€้Œฒ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅค‰ๆ›ดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€ไบบใ€…
07:21
are not going to understand you, they will understand you, but if you want to be absolutely
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ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸ
07:26
accurate in terms of your grammar, you do need to make these changes in recorded speech,
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ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ้Œฒ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ้Ÿณๅฃฐใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅค‰ๆ›ดใ‚’่กŒใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
07:31
alright?
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ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
07:32
So, good luck with that.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:33
I know it will mean that you need to open up the grammar books a little bit, review
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎๆœฌใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—้–‹ใ„ใฆใ€ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
07:37
your tenses, but I'm sure you can do it, alright?
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ใงใใ‚‹ใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:40
If you have any questions about this or any other aspects of the English language that
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ใพใŸใฏ็งใŸใกใŒใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใงใใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใใฎไป–ใฎๅด้ขใซใคใ„ใฆ่ณชๅ•
07:45
we can help you with, please make sure to go to our website, www.engvid.com.
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅฟ…ใš็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:52
We have a forum there, you can join us, ask us any questions, and I'll be happy to help
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ใใ“ใซใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒฉใƒ ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ€่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅ–œใ‚“ใงใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ—
07:57
you if I can.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:58
Alright?
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ
07:59
Thanks very much.
109
479180
1000
ใฉใ†ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
08:00
Bye for now.
110
480180
22520
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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