Learn English Grammar: Reported Speech

761,005 views ใƒป 2008-12-10

Learn English with Rebecca


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi, I'm Rebecca, and today we're going to be talking about something that's known as
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ €๋Š” Rebecca์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
00:14
"reported speech" in grammar.
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์—์„œ "reported speech"๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
We use "reported speech" when we talk about something that someone else has said.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ "reported speech"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
When you describe what someone else told you, what someone else actually said, you use "reported
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ๋•Œ "๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ
00:30
speech".
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์—ฐ์„ค"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
Now, the way we do this is we take the original sentence, and we usually change it into one
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์ž, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์›๋ž˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ทจํ•ด์„œ ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:40
tense back.
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00:41
What do I mean by that?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ด์•ผ? "to be"๋ผ๋Š”
00:43
Let's look at the first example, which I've written for you on the board, using the verb
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๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์น ํŒ์— ์“ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:48
"to be", okay?
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์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ?
00:50
So, in the original sentence, we say, "You're smart", or "Somebody said to me, 'You're smart'".
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์›๋ž˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "You're smart" ๋˜๋Š” "๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ 'You're smart'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
If I was describing that, I would say, "He said you were smart."
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด "๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
Not "He said you are smart", "He said you were smart".
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค"๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ "๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค".
01:11
That's just because we have to use "reported speech" when we describe what somebody else
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ๋•Œ "๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:17
has said.
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.
01:18
It doesn't mean that you're not smart anymore, you're still smart, it just means that you
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
01:23
are describing something which somebody told you in the past, okay?
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
So, let's look at the next one, "He's a teacher."
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์ž, ๋‹ค์Œ์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๋Š” ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
01:32
That's the original sentence.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์›๋ž˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
When you want to change it to "reported speech", you say, "He told me he was a teacher."
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"์‹ ๊ณ ๋œ ๋ฐœ์–ธ"์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ "๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ต์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
"He told me he was a teacher."
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ต์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
01:43
You see that change from "is" to "was".
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"is"์—์„œ "was"๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
Let's look at the next one, "She's beautiful."
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"๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›Œ."
01:51
That's the original sentence.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์›๋ž˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
"He told me she was beautiful."
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
01:55
"He told me she was beautiful."
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
01:58
Right?
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
01:59
So, again, we're changing the "she is" to "she was".
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ "she is"๋ฅผ "she was"๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
Let's look at the next one, "It is broken."
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๋‹ค์Œ์„ ๋ณด์ž. "๊นจ์กŒ๋‹ค."
02:07
"He told me it was broken."
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"๊นจ์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”."
02:09
Right?
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
02:10
"It is" becomes "it was".
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"๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค"๋Š” "๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค"๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
Last one here, "They are tired."
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•˜๋‹ค."
02:17
"They told", sorry, "He told me they were tired."
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"๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค", ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
02:22
Right?
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
02:23
"They are" becomes "they were".
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"๊ทธ๋“ค์€"์ด "๊ทธ๋“ค์€"์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
That's the first set of examples that I've got for you with the verb "to be".
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด "to be"๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
When I come back in a moment, I'm going to give you some more examples using other basic
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์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:37
tenses such as present simple, past simple, and so on.
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.
02:42
See you in just a moment.
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์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
Okay.
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์ข‹์•„์š”.
02:48
So, now let's continue with some other tenses and see how they work when we report them
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ํ™”๋ฒ•์—์„œ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:54
in reported speech.
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02:55
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
02:56
Let's look at these examples, "They live in Russia."
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"๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
If this is your original sentence in present simple, "They live in Russia."
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์›๋ž˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค."
03:05
In reported speech, we would say, "He told me they lived in Russia."
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๋ณด๋„๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
It becomes past simple.
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
Present simple becomes past simple, "He told me they lived in Russia."
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์— ์‚ด์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
03:19
Let's look at the next one, "They are living in Russia."
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"๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
03:23
Right now, "They are living in Russia" is present continuous.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
When we put it into reported speech, we say, "He told me they were living in Russia."
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๋ณด๋„๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
03:36
"Are living" becomes "were living".
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"์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋‹ค"๋Š” "์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋‹ค"๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
Next sentence, "They lived in Russia."
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์— ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
03:44
That's the original sentence, past simple.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์›๋ž˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
When we change it into reported speech, we say, "He told me they had lived in Russia."
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๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด "๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์— ์‚ด์•˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
It becomes past perfect.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
"They were living in Russia."
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"๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
04:00
"They were living in Russia" is past continuous, so if we change it to reported speech, we'll
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"๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค"๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด
04:07
say, "He told me they had been living in Russia," which becomes past perfect continuous.
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜
04:15
For those of you who know your tenses, to do reported speech, we really do need to be
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์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•„๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
04:20
aware of the tenses, okay, and the grammatical forms.
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์‹œ์ œ, ์˜ค์ผ€์ด, ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์  ํ˜•์‹์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
It really does come in here, alright?
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์ •๋ง ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์™€, ์•Œ์•˜์ง€?
04:27
And the last one, which is in the future, at the moment, "They will live in Russia."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์— ์‚ด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
04:32
That's in the future, so we change it to, "He told me they would live in Russia."
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ผ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ "๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์— ์‚ด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
This is an example, using five different tenses, of how you can convert sentences from the
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์›๋ž˜ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์Œ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
way you originally hear them into reported speech, alright?
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04:49
Now, let's go to a little quiz to see how well you've understood this, okay?
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์ž, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ?
04:56
Here's the first example, "I like ice cream."
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ "I like ice cream"์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
I say to you, "I like ice cream."
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ "๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
So you tell someone else, "Rebecca said that," fill in the blank, "Rebecca said that she
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ "๋ ˆ๋ฒ ์นด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋Œ€"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋นˆ์นธ์„ ์ฑ„์šฐ๊ณ  "๋ ˆ๋ฒ ์นด๊ฐ€
05:17
liked ice cream," okay?
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์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ?
05:20
If you said that, you were right.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
So we took the present simple, "I like ice cream," change it into past.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "I like ice cream"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
Let's take another example, "You ate dinner."
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
05:33
"You ate dinner," is your original sentence that somebody said.
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"๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ์›๋ž˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
If you want to report that, or describe that to someone else, what would you say?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹ ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:42
"He said that you had eaten dinner."
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค."
05:46
"He said that you had eaten dinner."
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค."
05:51
You take the past tense, "You ate dinner," and put it into past perfect, "You had eaten
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"You ate dinner"๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ "You had eat dinner"๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:57
dinner."
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.
05:58
Let's take another one.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ ๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
06:01
"She has broken up with her boyfriend."
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"๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ—ค์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค."
06:04
"She has broken up with her boyfriend," right now, is in the present perfect, and we can
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"๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ—ค์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค"๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์ด๊ณ , "
06:12
change it to become, "She told me she had broken up with her boyfriend," which means
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์ž์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ—ค์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค"๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
that we have taken present perfect and changed it into past perfect, "She had broken up."
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"๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ—ค์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค."
06:27
Let's take another one, an example with a modal.
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๋ชจ๋‹ฌ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
"They can swim."
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"๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
06:33
How would we change that one?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€๊นŒ์š”?
06:35
Well, like this, "They told me they could swim," "can" becomes "could."
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค", "ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค"๋Š” "ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค"๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
"They told me they could swim."
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"๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค."
06:48
Let's take an example in the future tense, "He will pass the exam."
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜์— ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค."๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
"He will pass the exam."
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜์— ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค."
06:56
How do we change that one?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:58
"He told me he would pass the exam," alright?
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜์— ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค." ์•Œ์•˜์ง€?
07:04
I know it can be confusing, so if you make mistakes with that, it means you need to review
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ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด
07:10
a little bit of your grammatical tenses, and you can understand it, okay?
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์Šตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์—์š”.
07:16
Now, of course, if you don't make these changes in the recorded speech, it's not that people
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋…น์Œ๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
07:21
are not going to understand you, they will understand you, but if you want to be absolutely
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๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
accurate in terms of your grammar, you do need to make these changes in recorded speech,
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๋…น์Œ๋œ ์Œ์„ฑ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
alright?
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07:32
So, good luck with that.
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ํ–‰์šด์„ ๋น•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
I know it will mean that you need to open up the grammar books a little bit, review
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ฑ…์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ํŽด๊ณ  ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ• 
07:37
your tenses, but I'm sure you can do it, alright?
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์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ด์š”, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ?
07:40
If you have any questions about this or any other aspects of the English language that
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์ด๊ฒƒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์–ด์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธก๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹œ๋ฉด
07:45
we can help you with, please make sure to go to our website, www.engvid.com.
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์ €ํฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ www.engvid.com์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
07:52
We have a forum there, you can join us, ask us any questions, and I'll be happy to help
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ํฌ๋Ÿผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
07:57
you if I can.
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋„์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
Alright?
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
07:59
Thanks very much.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
Bye for now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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