When to use CAPITAL LETTERS in English

264,451 views ใƒป 2018-06-05

Learn English with Rebecca


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
Hi.
0
1130
1000
ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚
00:02
I'm Rebecca from engVid, and this lesson is about confusing capitals.
1
2130
3650
็งใฏ engVid ใฎ Rebecca ใงใ™ ใ€‚ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฎๆททไนฑใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:05
Now, usually when you learn the rules of English capitalization, certain words are always capitalized.
2
5780
6790
ใ•ใฆใ€้€šๅธธใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ๅŒ–ใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใ‚’ๅญฆใถใจใ ใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏๅธธใซๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:12
Okay?
3
12570
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:13
For example, the first word in a sentence, the word "I", the names of people and places,
4
13570
6570
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ˜่ชžใ€ ใ€ŒIใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ€ไบบใ‚„ๅ ดๆ‰€ใฎๅๅ‰
00:20
and so on.
5
20140
1099
ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
00:21
Okay?
6
21239
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:22
Some words are always capitalized, but in this lesson I'm not going to review all of
7
22239
4511
ไธ€้ƒจใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏๅธธใซๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใ‚’ใ™ในใฆๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
00:26
the rules of capitalization, but I am going to show you about when to capitalize certain
8
26750
6770
ใŒใ€ ็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใจๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใ—ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:33
words and when not to capitalize them, because sometimes the same words are capitalized in
9
33520
4930
00:38
one context, but not capitalized in another context.
10
38450
4480
ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–‡่„ˆใงใฏๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใ™ใŒ ใ€ๅˆฅใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใฏๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:42
But it's not hard to understand; it's actually very easy.
11
42930
2920
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้›ฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:45
Okay?
12
45850
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:46
So I'm going to explain it to you right now.
13
46850
1960
ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ใ•ใฃใใใ”่ชฌๆ˜Ž ใ„ใŸใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:48
Let's get started.
14
48810
1890
ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:50
So, the first one is in the area of a subject or a course.
15
50700
6700
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏ ็ง‘็›ฎใพใŸใฏใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใฎ้ ˜ๅŸŸใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:57
For example, if we're talking about a subject that you study, for example, algebra, then
16
57400
7640
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ไปฃๆ•ฐใชใฉใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ ”็ฉถใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไธป้กŒใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
01:05
you do not capitalize it.
17
65040
2149
ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:07
For example, if you say: "I'm studying algebra this year."
18
67189
4040
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ€ŒไปŠๅนดใฏไปฃๆ•ฐใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:11
Okay?
19
71229
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:12
So you're just talking about the subject, and therefore it's not capitalized.
20
72229
5221
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไธป้กŒใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใช ใฎใงใ€ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:17
But if you're talking about the subject as a course, as the name of a course, then you
21
77450
7540
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไธป้กŒใ‚’ ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใจใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใฎๅๅ‰ใจใ—ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
01:24
do capitalize it.
22
84990
1689
ใฏใ€ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:26
Okay?
23
86679
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:27
For example: "This year I'm taking Algebra 101."
24
87679
4040
ไพ‹: ใ€ŒไปŠๅนด ใฏไปฃๆ•ฐ 101 ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
01:31
Okay?
25
91719
1021
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:32
That's the name of that course, so you do capitalize it then.
26
92740
5100
ใใ‚ŒใŒใใฎใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใฎๅๅ‰ใช ใฎใงใ€ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:37
Okay?
27
97840
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:38
Let's look at another example.
28
98840
1500
ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:40
"She's studying psychology.
29
100340
2569
ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฟƒ็†ๅญฆใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:42
This year she's studying...
30
102909
1990
ไปŠๅนดใฏๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™...
01:44
She's taking Psychology 201."
31
104899
1970
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฟƒ็†ๅญฆ 201 ใ‚’ๅ–ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
01:46
Or: "She's enrolled in the Psychology 201 class."
32
106869
4441
ใพใŸใฏ: ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ๅฟƒ็†ๅญฆ 201 ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
01:51
Okay?
33
111310
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:52
Excuse me.
34
112310
1000
ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:53
All right.
35
113310
1579
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
01:54
Another example: "I would like to study business in university."
36
114889
5040
ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹๏ผšใ€Œ ๅคงๅญฆใงใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใ‚’ๅญฆใณใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
01:59
Okay?
37
119929
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:00
The person is being very general, just talking about the subject.
38
120929
3000
ใใฎไบบใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใง ใ€ไธป้กŒใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:03
But: "This year I'm taking a course called Global Business."
39
123929
6371
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€ŒไปŠๅนด ใฏใ‚ฐใƒญใƒผใƒใƒซใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ๅ–ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
02:10
Okay?
40
130300
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:11
Now you're giving the name of the course, right?
41
131300
2760
ไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ
02:14
So what's the rule here?
42
134060
1430
ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:15
If we're just talking about the general subject, no capital; if we're talking about the course,
43
135490
5420
ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่ฉฑ้กŒใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใชใ‚‰ใ€ ่ณ‡ๆœฌใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
02:20
then yes, we do capitalize it.
44
140910
2320
ใ€ใฏใ„ใ€ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:23
Okay?
45
143230
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:24
All right.
46
144230
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
02:25
There is one little exception: When we're talking about languages, and this is always true.
47
145230
5720
ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸไพ‹ๅค–ใŒ 1 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ€่จ€่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅธธใซๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:30
So if you're studying French or whether you're taking French 101, you're always going to
48
150950
4730
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ ใ€ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชž 101 ใ‚’ๅ—่ฌ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅธธใซ
02:35
capitalize the name of a language.
49
155680
2540
่จ€่ชžใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:38
Okay?
50
158220
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:39
And that's just because in English we always capitalize the name of a language; doesn't
51
159220
4330
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏๅธธใซ ่จ€่ชžใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:43
matter which one.
52
163550
1090
ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:44
Okay?
53
164640
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:45
That's it.
54
165640
1000
ใใ‚ŒใงใŠใ—ใพใ„ใ€‚
02:46
All right.
55
166640
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
02:47
Now, when it comes to places, let's look at how it works.
56
167640
4080
ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:51
So, for example, if I say: "She works in a bank."
57
171720
3860
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้Š€่กŒใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:55
Okay?
58
175580
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:56
A bank, the bank, it's just the place, the building or whatever.
59
176580
8370
้Š€่กŒใ€้Š€่กŒใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใ ใฎ ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€ๅปบ็‰ฉใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
03:04
Okay?
60
184950
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:05
The business.
61
185950
1000
ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใ€‚
03:06
So then it's not capitalized.
62
186950
1590
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:08
But if I say: "She works at the Brookfield Bank", now I gave you the name of the bank,
63
188540
7000
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒ–ใƒซใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒซใƒ‰้Š€่กŒใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจ ใ€้Š€่กŒใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใŸ
03:15
so therefore it is capitalized.
64
195540
1810
ใฎใงใ€ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:17
Okay?
65
197350
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:18
Because, again, the name of something is capitalized; the name of a person, or a place.
66
198350
5270
็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๅๅ‰ใฏ ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไบบใฎๅๅ‰ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€‚
03:23
Right?
67
203620
1000
ๅณ๏ผŸ
03:24
So then it will be capitalized.
68
204620
1720
ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:26
Or I say: "I went to the library."
69
206340
2860
ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๅ›ณๆ›ธ้คจใซ่กŒใ ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:29
Okay?
70
209200
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:30
"I often study at the library."
71
210200
1000
ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ˆใๅ›ณๆ›ธ้คจใงๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
03:31
Okay?
72
211200
1150
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:32
Just a library in general, not capitalized.
73
212350
2990
ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใฏใชใใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใƒฉใƒชใงใ™ใ€‚
03:35
Or: "I often visit the Toronto Public Library."
74
215340
5170
ใพใŸใฏ: ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ˆใ ใƒˆใƒญใƒณใƒˆๅ…ฌๅ…ฑๅ›ณๆ›ธ้คจใ‚’่จชใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
03:40
Now I'm giving you the name of a specific library, right?
75
220510
3390
ไปŠใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใƒฉใƒชใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ?
03:43
So, of course, it gets capitalized.
76
223900
2740
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:46
Got it?
77
226640
1000
ใจใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:47
Okay.
78
227640
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
03:48
Or: "He goes to university."
79
228640
1100
ใพใŸใฏ๏ผšใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅคงๅญฆใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
03:49
Okay?
80
229740
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:50
He's in university, just a regular word so we don't capitalize it.
81
230740
5310
ๅฝผใฏๅคงๅญฆ็”Ÿใงใ™ใ€‚ๆ™ฎ้€šใฎ ่จ€่‘‰ใชใฎใงใ€ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใฏใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:56
But: "He got admission to the University of Oxford."
82
236050
4270
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ ใ‚ชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ‰ๅคงๅญฆใซๅ…ฅๅญฆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
04:00
Okay, now we're giving the name of the university, so you do have to capitalize it.
83
240320
5460
ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠใฏๅคงๅญฆใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
04:05
Okay?
84
245780
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:06
Got it?
85
246780
1000
ใจใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:07
All right.
86
247780
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:08
So I hope that's pretty clear so far.
87
248780
1000
ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆ˜Ž็ขบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:09
All right?
88
249780
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:10
So when we're giving the name of a course or we're giving a name of the particular place,
89
250780
4770
ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใพใŸใฏ
04:15
like a bank, a library, university, a school, a business-right?-then you're going to capitalize
90
255550
6760
้Š€่กŒใ€ๅ›ณๆ›ธ้คจใ€ๅคงๅญฆใ€ๅญฆๆ กใ€ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใชใฉใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’ ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—
04:22
it; and otherwise, in general, not.
91
262310
3440
ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ ใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:25
Okay.
92
265750
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:26
Now let's look when we're talking about professions and titles.
93
266750
3530
ใ“ใ“ใงใ€่ทๆฅญใจ่‚ฉๆ›ธใใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
04:30
So, the rule is like this: If you're just talking about...
94
270280
4820
ใƒซใƒผใƒซใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Š ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:35
Let's say: "I went to see the doctor."
95
275100
1360
ใŸใจใˆใฐ ใ€ใ€ŒๅŒป่€…ใซ่จบใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:36
Okay?
96
276460
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:37
Or: "I need to see a doctor."
97
277460
2740
ใพใŸใฏ๏ผšใ€ŒๅŒป่€…ใซ่จบใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:40
So if before the profession you say the word "a" or "the"-okay?-then you don't capitalize
98
280200
7170
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฐ‚้–€่ทใฎๅ‰ใซ ใ€Œaใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œtheใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่จ€ใ†
04:47
it because you're just talking about a doctor in general; you're not giving the name of
99
287370
3590
ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅŒปๅธซใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใชใฎใงใ€ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅŒป่€…ใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆ
04:50
the doctor, you're not saying which doctor.
100
290960
2200
ใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ ใ€ใฉใฎๅŒป่€…ใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:53
So, here we just say: "I need to see a doctor."
101
293160
4100
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€Œ ๅŒป่€…ใซ่จบใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:57
Or: "I have an appointment with Dr. Patel."
102
297260
4810
ใพใŸใฏ๏ผšใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒ†ใƒซๅšๅฃซใจใฎ็ด„ๆŸใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
05:02
Now this is the name of the doctor, right?
103
302070
2520
ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏๅŒป่€…ใฎๅๅ‰ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:04
So then we need to capitalize the "D" for "Doctor" and, of course, his or her name.
104
304590
6160
ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ ใ€ŒDoctorใ€ใฎใ€ŒDใ€ใจใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ๅฝผใพใŸใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅๅ‰ใฎใ€ŒDใ€ใ‚’ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:10
All right?
105
310750
1460
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:12
Next: "I would like to speak to the professor."
106
312210
2910
ๆฌก๏ผšใ€Œ ๆ•™ๆŽˆใจ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
05:15
Okay?
107
315120
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:16
"The professor", again, general, so no capital, but here: "You need to make an appointment
108
316120
8049
ใ€Œๆ•™ๆŽˆใ€ใ€ๅ†ใณใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใฎใงใ€ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒณๆ•™ๆŽˆใซไผšใ†ใŸใ‚ใซไบˆ็ด„ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
05:24
to see Professor Brown."
109
324169
1711
ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
05:25
All right?
110
325880
1560
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:27
So here, now we're talking about a specific professor, and so it is capitalized, the word
111
327440
5100
ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎ ๆ•™ๆŽˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
05:32
"Professor" and, of course, his or her name.
112
332540
2730
ใ€ŒProfessorใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใจใ€ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ๅฝผใพใŸใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:35
Got it?
113
335270
1760
ใจใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:37
Okay.
114
337030
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
05:38
Now, also, when we're talking about any kind of position, okay?
115
338030
6310
ใ•ใฆใ€ใพใŸใ€ใฉใ‚“ใชใƒใ‚ธใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ ใงใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:44
For example, sales manager, human resources manager: "She's the sales manager.
116
344340
5510
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€่ฒฉๅฃฒใƒžใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใ€ไบบไบ‹ ใƒžใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผ: ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่ฒฉๅฃฒใƒžใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
05:49
She's the human resources manager.
117
349850
1830
ๅฝผๅฅณ
05:51
She's the personnel manager."
118
351680
1320
ใฏไบบไบ‹ใƒžใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚ๅฝผๅฅณใฏไบบไบ‹ใƒžใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
05:53
Okay?
119
353000
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:54
"She's the production manager."
120
354000
2000
ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒ—ใƒญใƒ€ใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใƒžใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
05:56
Or "he", all right?
121
356000
1930
ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:57
Then you don't capitalize it.
122
357930
2110
ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:00
Okay?
123
360040
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:01
Because you're just talking about that job in general.
124
361040
3940
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฎไป•ไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚
06:04
But if you're...
125
364980
2760
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
06:07
In these kind of contexts most often you do capitalize it.
126
367740
3650
... ใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใฏใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎ ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใ—ใพใ™.
06:11
For example, if you write: "John Williams, Sales Manager."
127
371390
3910
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใƒณ ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒชใ‚ขใƒ ใ‚บใ€ใ‚ปใƒผใƒซใ‚น ใƒžใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใ€ใจๆ›ธใใจใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
06:15
Now let's suppose this is on a business card, then yes, you will capitalize "Sales Manager".
128
375300
6880
ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅๅˆบใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใ€ŒSales Managerใ€ใ‚’ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:22
If this is at the end of your email, right?
129
382180
2970
ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใƒกใƒผใƒซใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใ† ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
06:25
"John Williams, Sales Manager", it's like a signature, then yes again, you do capitalize
130
385150
5750
ใ€ŒJohn Williamsใ€Sales Managerใ€ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ฝฒๅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎ ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใฏใ„ใ€ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—
06:30
it.
131
390900
1000
ใงๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:31
Okay?
132
391900
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:32
Also if somebody's writing an address, okay?
133
392900
2030
ใพใŸใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ ไฝๆ‰€ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:34
"John Williams, Sales Manager, Microsoft", whatever.
134
394930
2900
ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใƒปใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒชใ‚ขใƒ ใ‚บใ€ ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒญใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆใ€ใ‚ปใƒผใƒซใ‚น ใƒžใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใ€ใชใฉใ€‚
06:37
Okay?
135
397830
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:38
Now, again, that title is capitalized.
136
398830
2510
็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใƒซ ใฏๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:41
Okay?
137
401340
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:42
So keep that in mind.
138
402340
2210
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:44
And regarding these other words up here, when there's a direct conversation going on and
139
404550
6210
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ไป–ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆ ใ€็›ดๆŽฅไผš่ฉฑใŒ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹
06:50
if you write it down...
140
410760
1280
ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจโ€ฆๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ—
06:52
If you were to write it down, it would be capitalized.
141
412040
2830
ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:54
What do I mean?
142
414870
1240
ใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:56
For example, if I said: "What do you think we should do, Doctor?"
143
416110
6070
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใŒใ€Œใƒ‰ใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ใฉใ†ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ„ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:02
Okay?
144
422180
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:03
Now, I'm talking to a particular doctor, right?
145
423180
2850
ไปŠใ€็งใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎๅŒป่€…ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
07:06
Probably let's say to this Dr. Patel, so then I would say: "What do you think we should
146
426030
4560
ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ“ใฎใƒ‘ใƒ†ใƒซๅšๅฃซใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡
07:10
do", comma, capital "D", "Doctor?"
147
430590
3220
ใ†ใ€‚
07:13
Okay?
148
433810
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:14
Or: "What do you suggest, Professor?"
149
434810
3870
ใพใŸใฏ๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๆๆกˆใ—ใพใ™ ใ‹ใ€ๆ•™ๆŽˆ๏ผŸใ€
07:18
And I'm talking to Professor Brown, so then in that case we would capitalize that word
150
438680
5300
็งใฏใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒณๆ•™ๆŽˆใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง ใ€ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ
07:23
"Professor" or that word "Doctor".
151
443980
2710
ใ€Œๆ•™ๆŽˆใ€ใพใŸใฏ ใ€ŒๅŒปๅธซใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:26
Got it?
152
446690
1380
ใจใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:28
Or: "Thanks for all your help, Dad?"
153
448070
2890
ใพใŸใฏ๏ผšใ€Œ ใŠ็ˆถใ•ใ‚“ใ€ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†๏ผŸใ€
07:30
Okay?
154
450960
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:31
Comma, "Dad".
155
451960
1000
ใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใ€ใ€ŒใŠ็ˆถใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ€‚
07:32
Now, "Dad" is the name I'm giving.
156
452960
2280
ไปŠใ€ใ€ŒใŠ็ˆถใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใฏ ็งใŒไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅๅ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:35
Okay?
157
455240
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:36
And I'm calling him by that name, so therefore I would capitalize it.
158
456240
3720
ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏๅฝผใ‚’ใใฎๅๅ‰ใงๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ€ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใ—ใพใ™.
07:39
But if I say here: "I went...
159
459960
3590
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ“ใง่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ใ€Œ่กŒใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸ...
07:43
I went fishing with my dad."
160
463550
2280
็ˆถใจ้‡ฃใ‚Šใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
07:45
Okay?
161
465830
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:46
So then you wouldn't capitalize it.
162
466830
2399
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:49
Okay?
163
469229
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:50
But if I say: "I went fishing with Dad", now it's the name-okay?-then we would capitalize
164
470229
5791
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€ŒใŠ็ˆถใ•ใ‚“ใจ้‡ฃใ‚Šใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ไปŠใงใฏ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅๅ‰ใซ
07:56
it.
165
476020
1000
ใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:57
All right?
166
477020
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:58
So I hope you understand that difference.
167
478020
1489
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ ใ€‚
07:59
So, regarding subjects and courses, places and names of places, and professions and titles.
168
479509
7021
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ•™็ง‘ใ‚„ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ€ๅœฐๅใ‚„ ๅœฐๅใ€่ทๆฅญใ‚„่‚ฉๆ›ธใซใคใ„ใฆใ€‚
08:06
Okay?
169
486530
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:07
So these are some areas where sometimes capitals can be confused until now, but now you understand
170
487530
6740
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใŒๆททๅŒใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ้ ˜ๅŸŸ ใงใ™ใŒใ€ไปŠใงใฏ
08:14
much better.
171
494270
1429
ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใ‚ˆใ็†่งฃใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:15
Next we're going to be looking at another area, which is the titles of books, and movies,
172
495699
5631
ๆฌกใซ ใ€ๆœฌใ€ๆ˜ ็”ป
08:21
and reports, and all kinds of interesting things.
173
501330
2220
ใ€ใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใ€ใใฎไป–ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กž ใฎ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใƒซใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ๅˆฅใฎ้ ˜ๅŸŸใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:23
Okay?
174
503550
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:24
So, I'll be right back with that.
175
504550
1730
ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใงใ™ใใซ ๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:26
Okay, so now let's look at something a little bit more detailed, but not hard; you can understand
176
506280
5949
ใงใฏใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่ฉณใ—ใ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ใŸใ ใ—้›ฃใ—ใใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
08:32
it.
177
512229
1000
ใ€‚
08:33
Okay?
178
513229
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:34
And that is: What to do when we're writing the names of books, movies, shows, songs,
179
514229
7511
ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€ๆœฌใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใ€็•ช็ต„ใ€ๆญŒใ€
08:41
reports, or articles.
180
521740
2070
ใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใ€ใพใŸใฏ่จ˜ไบ‹ใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใจใใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ในใใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
08:43
Okay?
181
523810
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:44
Now, what happens here is there are a few different major style guides, like the MLA,
182
524810
5740
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใง่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ ใ€MLAใ€AP ใชใฉใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ไธป่ฆใชใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซ ใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒ‰
08:50
the AP, and others, and they do vary; some of the rules are different, so what's most
183
530550
6910
ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใใค ใ‹ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚
08:57
important is if you're at a university, or a school, or a business, or something like
184
537460
5990
้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใฏใ€ๅคงๅญฆ ใ€ๅญฆๆ กใ€ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใ€ใพใŸใฏใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ ดๆ‰€
09:03
that, it's very important to know what style you are expected to follow.
185
543450
5460
ใซใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใฉใฎ ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใซๅพ“ใ†ใ“ใจใŒๆœŸๅพ…ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™.
09:08
Okay?
186
548910
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:09
Especially in university, they're going to tell you exactly which rules to follow when
187
549910
4140
็‰นใซๅคงๅญฆใง
09:14
it comes to handing in your assignment and putting the title for your report, or your
188
554050
4730
ใฏใ€ใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚„่ชฒ้กŒใ€่จ˜ไบ‹ใชใฉใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใƒซใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใŸใ‚Šใ€่ชฒ้กŒใ‚’ๆๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€
09:18
assignment, or your article, or whatever.
189
558780
2650
ใฉใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใซๅพ“ใ†ในใใ‹ใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
09:21
Okay?
190
561430
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:22
So in that case please follow whatever they tell you, and not necessarily what I'm telling
191
562430
4520
ใใฎๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€็งใŒใ“ใ“ใง่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใฏใชใใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใซๅพ“ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
09:26
you here.
192
566950
1020
ใ€‚
09:27
But in general, this is...
193
567970
3160
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
09:31
What I'm going to tell you here is something called "Title Case Capitalization", which
194
571130
5420
... ใ“ใ“ใงใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใƒซใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใฎๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ๅŒ–ใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œ
09:36
is the general rule that is followed most of the time and that you will see most of
195
576550
5210
ใฏใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใซๅพ“ใ†ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉ
09:41
the time when you look at books, or names of movies, and shows, and songs, and things
196
581760
4970
ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ๆœฌใ‚„ ๆ˜ ็”ปใ€็•ช็ต„ใ€ๆ›ฒใชใฉใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹
09:46
like that. Okay?
197
586730
2000
ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:48
So, let's learn what it is.
198
588730
1000
ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:49
It's really not very hard.
199
589730
1780
ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:51
It seems a little hard in the beginning, especially for people whose languages don't have any
200
591510
5540
ๆœ€ๅˆใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚็‰นใซ ใ€่จ€่ชžใซๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใŒใพใฃใŸใใชใ„ไบบใซใจใฃใฆใฏใชใŠใ•ใ‚‰ใงใ™
09:57
capitals at all.
201
597050
1430
ใ€‚
09:58
Okay?
202
598480
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:59
There are many languages where there are no capital letters, and therefore English capitalization
203
599480
5370
ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฎใชใ„่จ€่ชžใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ๅŒ–
10:04
sometimes seems like a bit of a challenge and kind of crazy, and therefore sometimes
204
604850
5030
ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้›ฃใ—ใ ใ€ใ‚ฏใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ธใƒผใซๆ€ใˆใ‚‹
10:09
people go in two different directions; sometimes they capitalize too much and sometimes they
205
609880
4390
ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ณ‡ๆœฌใ‚’ๅคš็”จใ—ใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅฐ‘ใชใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ
10:14
capitalize too little, but there is a logic to it and you can understand.
206
614270
4640
ใ€ใใ‚Œใซใฏ่ซ–็†ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ็†่งฃใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
10:18
Okay?
207
618910
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:19
So let's see the logic of this.
208
619910
2190
ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฎใƒญใ‚ธใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:22
So, when we're talking about these kind of areas, what's important is that we usually
209
622100
7250
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎ้ ˜ๅŸŸใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ ใ€้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใฏใ€้€šๅธธใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฝขๅผใฎ
10:29
capitalize nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in these kind of formats.
210
629350
9330
ๅ่ฉžใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ€ ใŠใ‚ˆใณๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
10:38
Okay?
211
638680
1200
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:39
And we do not capitalize articles, or prepositions, or conjunctions.
212
639880
6820
ใพใŸใ€ๅ† ่ฉžใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใ‚’ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
10:46
And, of course, by articles I mean, like: "a", "and", "the"; prepositions: "in", "at",
213
646700
5930
ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๅ† ่ฉžใจใฏใ€ ใ€Œaใ€ใ€ใ€Œandใ€ใ€ใ€Œtheใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž: "in"ใ€"at"ใ€
10:52
"on", things like that; and conjunctions: "but", "with".
214
652630
4430
"on"ใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚ ใŠใ‚ˆใณ ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉž๏ผšใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใจใ€ใ€‚
10:57
Okay? So... Sorry. "But", "and". Okay?
215
657060
5000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰โ€ฆใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
11:02
So these are usually not capitalized; those are usually capitalized.
216
662060
5219
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้€šๅธธๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้€šๅธธๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:07
An exception is if any of these are the first word or the last word.
217
667279
5571
ไพ‹ๅค–ใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ ใŒๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ˜่ชžใพใŸใฏๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ™ใ€‚
11:12
Okay?
218
672850
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
11:13
So let's look now at some examples so you can actually understand how this works.
219
673850
5660
ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
11:19
Let's look at the name of a famous movie, okay?
220
679510
2970
ๆœ‰ๅใชๆ˜ ็”ปใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
11:22
"Star Wars".
221
682480
1359
"ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒผใ‚บ"ใ€‚
11:23
So what was capitalized there?
222
683839
1771
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ“ใงๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใชใฃใŸใฎใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:25
The "S" and the "W".
223
685610
2400
ใ€ŒSใ€ใจใ€ŒWใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:28
Okay?
224
688010
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
11:29
Two words, one is an adjective, one is a noun.
225
689010
3050
2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ€1 ใคใฏ ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
11:32
"Star Wars", so those two letters were capitalized.
226
692060
3700
ใ€Œใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใƒปใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒผใ‚บใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ใ“ใฎ 2 ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฏๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:35
But let's look at the name of another famous movie: "Return of the Jedi".
227
695760
3190
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅˆฅใฎ ๆœ‰ๅใชๆ˜ ็”ปใ€Œใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ€ใ‚คใฎๅธฐ้‚„ใ€ใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
11:38
So, here, look what happened.
228
698950
3110
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใฎใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
11:42
The first letter is always capitalized.
229
702060
1660
ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฏ ๅธธใซๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:43
Okay?
230
703720
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
11:44
That doesn't matter what.
231
704720
1310
ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใงใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ€‚
11:46
So, that one is capitalized; "of" is not capitalized, because it's one on the other side; "the",
232
706030
7080
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œofใ€ใฏๅๅฏพๅดใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ€Œใใฎใ€ใ€
11:53
no; and "Jedi", yes.
233
713110
2450
ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€Œใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ€ใ‚คใ€ใ€ใฏใ„ใ€‚
11:55
Okay?
234
715560
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
11:56
So you'll see that: "Return" and "Jedi" are capitalized, and the other smaller words - the
235
716560
4640
ใ€ŒReturnใ€ใจใ€ŒJediใ€ใฏ ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใ€ใใฎไป–ใฎๅฐใ•ใชๅ˜่ชž -
12:01
prepositions, the articles, things like that, no.
236
721200
3690
ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€ๅ† ่ฉžใ€ ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:04
Next, let's look at the name of a famous show.
237
724890
2610
ๆฌกใซ ใ€ๆœ‰ๅใช็•ช็ต„ใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:07
Two famous shows.
238
727500
1240
2ใคใฎๆœ‰ๅใชใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใ€‚
12:08
"Designated Survivor". Okay?
239
728740
2570
ใ€ŒๆŒ‡ๅฎš็”Ÿๅญ˜่€…ใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:11
So here the "D" and the "S" are capital.
240
731310
3370
ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ŒDใ€ ใจใ€ŒSใ€ใฏๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:14
All right?
241
734680
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:15
That stars one of our favourite Canadians, Kiefer Sutherland.
242
735680
2740
ใใ‚Œใฏใ€็งใŸใกใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎ ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ไบบใ€ใ‚ญใƒผใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใƒปใ‚ตใ‚ถใƒผใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใฎไธ€ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
12:18
Okay?
243
738420
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:19
Hope you've caught that show.
244
739420
1359
ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใฎ็•ช็ต„ใ‚’ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใƒใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:20
And here's another show: "Life in Pieces".
245
740779
3231
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซๅˆฅใฎใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™๏ผš ใ€ŒLife in Piecesใ€.
12:24
So, now here, what do we see?
246
744010
3500
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงไฝ•ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:27
The "L" is capitalized, again, it's the first letter; "in", preposition, not capitalized;
247
747510
4660
ใ€ŒLใ€ใฏๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใงใ€ใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:32
and "Pieces", yes capitalized because it's the last word.
248
752170
2840
ใใ—ใฆใ€ŒPiecesใ€ใ€ใฏใ„ ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅ˜่ชžใชใฎใงๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:35
Usually the last word in title case capitalization is capitalized.
249
755010
4860
้€šๅธธใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใƒซใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใฎๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ๅŒ–ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅ˜่ชž ใฏๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:39
Okay?
250
759870
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:40
Next, let's look at the titles of a couple of books.
251
760870
2710
ๆฌกใซใ€ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆœฌใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใƒซใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:43
"The Alchemist". Okay?
252
763580
2100
"้Œฌ้‡‘่ก“ๅธซ"ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:45
Now, here, even though it's an article, remember if it comes first, then it's going to be capital.
253
765680
5719
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ€่จ˜ไบ‹ใงใ™ใŒใ€ ๆœ€ๅˆใซๆฅใ‚‹ใจ่ณ‡ๆœฌใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:51
Right?
254
771399
1000
ๅณ๏ผŸ
12:52
So here it's capitalized and "Alchemist" is capitalized.
255
772399
3841
ใ“ใ“ใงใฏๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ฑใƒŸใ‚นใƒˆใ€ใฏๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:56
And here's the title of another famous book, an older book: "Catcher in the Rye".
256
776240
4960
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅˆฅใฎๆœ‰ๅใช ๆœฌใ€ๅคใ„ๆœฌใ€ใ€Œใƒฉใ‚ค้บฆ็•‘ใงใคใ‹ใพใˆใฆใ€ใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
13:01
So here the first "C" is capitalized; "in", "the"-okay?-preposition, article, not capitalized;
257
781200
6780
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ€ŒCใ€ใŒๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ "in"ใ€ "the"-ๅคงไธˆๅคซ?-ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€ๅ† ่ฉžใ€ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:07
"Rye", last word, yes capitalized.
258
787980
2370
ใ€ŒRyeใ€ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅ˜่ชžใ€ ใฏใ„ใ€ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:10
Okay?
259
790350
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:11
Are you with me?
260
791350
1230
็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
13:12
Good.
261
792580
1000
่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
13:13
Okay.
262
793580
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆ
13:14
Let's look at the name of a report.
263
794580
1550
ใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
13:16
Okay?
264
796130
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:17
And let's say the report I wrote is about "Capitalization Rules", or an assignment-okay?-that
265
797130
6970
ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŒๆ›ธใ„ใŸใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใŒ ใ€ŒCapitalization Rulesใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใซใคใ„ใฆๆ›ธใ„ใŸไปฃๅ…ฅใซใคใ„ใฆใ ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
13:24
I wrote about capitalization rules.
266
804100
2560
ใ€‚
13:26
So, here, first word, capitalization, yes; and the "R", yes.
267
806660
5850
ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ˜่ชžใ€ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ€ ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ŒRใ€ใ€ใฏใ„ใ€‚
13:32
But in this one: "Rules of Capitalization", the first word "R", yes; "of", no; and "Capitalization",
268
812510
8860
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎใ€Œๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใ€ใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ ๅ˜่ชžใ€ŒRใ€ใ€ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œใฎใ€ใ€ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€Œๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ€ใ€
13:41
yes.
269
821370
1000
ใฏใ„ใ€‚
13:42
Okay?
270
822370
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:43
Are you beginning to see the pattern and how it works?
271
823370
2280
ใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใจใใฎไป•็ต„ใฟใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
13:45
I think if you look at this side you will see, and the same here.
272
825650
4370
ใ“ใกใ‚‰ๅดใ‚’ ่ฆ‹ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่จ˜ไบ‹
13:50
Let's look at a name of an article.
273
830020
1939
ใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
13:51
Okay?
274
831959
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:52
"The Ideal Job".
275
832959
1021
ใ€Œ็†ๆƒณใฎไป•ไบ‹ใ€ใ€‚
13:53
Again, "The" is capitalized because it's the first word.
276
833980
3109
็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€ŒTheใ€ใฏ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:57
All right?
277
837089
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:58
The "T"; "Ideal", it's an adjective, it's capitalized; "Job" is a noun, it's capitalized.
278
838089
5930
ใ€ŒTใ€; ใ€Œ็†ๆƒณใ€ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ€ ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒJobใ€ใฏๅ่ฉžใชใฎใงๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:04
Okay?
279
844019
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
14:05
But let's look at another way of giving this same title: "How to Get the Ideal Job".
280
845019
5281
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใƒซใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† : ใ€Œ็†ๆƒณ็š„ใชไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€.
14:10
So, the first word: "How", yes; "to", no; "Get", verb, yes; "the", article, no; "Ideal",
281
850300
9860
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ่จ€่‘‰๏ผšใ€Œใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ€ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œใซใ€ใ€ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ–ๅพ—ใ€ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œใใฎใ€ใ€่จ˜ไบ‹ใ€ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚ ใ€Œ็†ๆƒณใ€ใ€
14:20
adjective, yes; "Job", noun, yes.
282
860160
3630
ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ€ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œไป•ไบ‹ใ€ใ€ๅ่ฉžใ€ใฏใ„ใ€‚
14:23
Okay?
283
863790
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
14:24
So, I hope you're beginning to see a lot of patterns here that will help you to see: "Okay,
284
864790
5510
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๅคšใใฎใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™:
14:30
that's what's going on.
285
870300
1000
14:31
Okay, I didn't understand why some of those words were capitalized and some of them weren't."
286
871300
5979
t."
14:37
But now you do.
287
877279
1141
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:38
Right?
288
878420
1000
ๅณ๏ผŸ ๆ•ฐๅˆ†ๅ‰ใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ๅง‹ใ‚ใŸ
14:39
You're so much smarter now than when you started watching this a few minutes ago.
289
879420
2950
ใจใใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใšใฃใจ่ณขใใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
14:42
All right.
290
882370
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
14:43
So, of course, I hope you'll be able to use this in your own writing.
291
883370
4050
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:47
And, of course, if you're doing an exam like the IELTS or the TOEFL, or any other exam,
292
887420
5520
ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ IELTS ใ‚„ TOEFL ใชใฉใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“
14:52
or if you're submitting reports at work, if you're submitting reports...
293
892940
4440
ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใพใŸใฏ่ทๅ ดใงใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆๅ‡บใ—ใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ...
14:57
Assignments in university, or any of these situations, that from now on you will know...
294
897380
5220
ๅคงๅญฆใงใฎ่ชฒ้กŒใ€ใพใŸใฏใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใฎ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ ็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Š
15:02
Also, by the way, if you're writing a cover letter or your resume, again, these kind of
295
902600
5859
ใพใ™... ใพใŸใ€ใ‚ซใƒใƒผ ใƒฌใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚„ๅฑฅๆญดๆ›ธใ‚’ๆ›ธใๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็จฎ้กžใฎ
15:08
rules can be very, very important, so now you'll know how to go about it a little bit
296
908459
4521
ใƒซใƒผใƒซใŒ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ไปŠใ™ใ ใŠใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅฐ‘ใ—ใงใ‚‚
15:12
better.
297
912980
1229
ใ†ใพใใ„ใๆ–นๆณ•ใ€‚
15:14
But in order to master it, please go to our website and do the quiz there.
298
914209
4820
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ ็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใ€ใใ“ใงใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:19
Okay?
299
919029
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
15:20
Because you want to make sure that you really understood it.
300
920029
1611
ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹็ขบ่ช ใ—ใŸใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:21
It's not enough to always listen to something once; you have to always practice.
301
921640
4110
ใ„ใคใ‚‚ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไธ€ๅบฆ่žใใ ใ‘ใงใฏๅๅˆ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ๅธธใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:25
So, go to our website, please, at www.engvid.com; there, you can do that quiz, you can check
302
925750
7060
ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅฝ“็คพใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใฏใ€ใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
15:32
out more than a thousand lessons that we have, and maybe you can look for what exactly you
303
932810
5170
็งใŸใกใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹1000ไปฅไธŠใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใŠใใ‚‰ใ
15:37
need, whether it's business, or you're preparing for an exam, or you want to improve your pronunciation
304
937980
5349
ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€่ฉฆ้จ“ใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๆ”นๅ–„ใ—ใŸใ„ใ‹ใชใฉใ€ๆญฃ็ขบใซๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆŽขใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™. ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็™บ้Ÿณ
15:43
or something else.
305
943329
1401
ใ‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใ€‚
15:44
Okay?
306
944730
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
15:45
You can check that out.
307
945730
1299
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
15:47
And don't forget to subscribe to my channel for lots of other useful lessons that will
308
947029
4601
ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆใ€่‹ฑ่ชžๅŠ›ๅ‘ไธŠใธใฎ้“ใ‚’็Ÿญ็ธฎใ™ใ‚‹ ไป–ใฎๅคšใใฎๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใง
15:51
shorten your path to improving your English.
309
951630
3730
ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:55
Okay?
310
955360
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
15:56
Thanks very much for watching.
311
956360
1370
ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:57
Bye for now, and all the best with your English. Bye.
312
957730
1001
ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ—ใฆ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7