Speak English: What to call people

218,393 views ใƒป 2014-06-23

Learn English with Rebecca


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:02
Hi. My name's Rebecca. In today's lesson, you will learn what to call people in various
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ ็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใƒฌใƒ™ใƒƒใ‚ซใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏ ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็Šถๆณใงไบบใ‚’ไฝ•ใจๅ‘ผใถใ‹ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ™
00:07
situations. Now, this may seem rather basic, but I've actually heard lots of foreigners
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚ŠๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชใ“ใจใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซๅคšใใฎๅค–ๅ›ฝไบบ
00:12
and English learners make mistakes in this area. So make sure to watch this lesson so
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ใ‚„่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใŒใ“ใฎๅˆ†้‡Žใง้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:16
you don't make these basic mistakes. Okay?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใช้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ•ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅฟ…ใš่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:20
So, how do you know what to call someone? Well, it depends on a lot of different factors.
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ใงใฏใ€ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๅ‘ผใถในใใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ใพใ‚ใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏๅคšใใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใช่ฆๅ› ใซไพๅญ˜ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:26
Let's look at what some of them are first. So, is the situation formal or informal? Are
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใใฎ็Šถๆณใฏๅ…ฌๅผใ‹้žๅ…ฌๅผใ‹?
00:34
you talking to a man or to a woman? Are you speaking to one person or many people? Is
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็”ทๆ€งใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅฅณๆ€งใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ ไธ€ไบบใฎไบบใซ่ฉฑใ—ใ‹ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎไบบใซ่ฉฑใ—ใ‹ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹?
00:43
it somebody that you know? In other words, do you know their name or is it somebody unknown?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๆœช็Ÿฅใฎไบบใงใ™ใ‹?
00:50
And is it a regular kind of a situation or is it a romantic situation?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้€šๅธธใฎ ใ‚ทใƒใƒฅใ‚จใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใƒญใƒžใƒณใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใชใ‚ทใƒใƒฅใ‚จใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ‹?
00:55
Now, if it's a romantic situation, that's a whole other lesson, but in general, romantically
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ใƒญใƒžใƒณใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใชใ‚ทใƒใƒฅใ‚จใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏใพใฃใŸใ ๅˆฅใฎๆ•™่จ“ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ€ใƒญใƒžใƒณใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใช
01:02
you may call someone: "sweetheart", "sweetie", "love", "honey", and so on, "baby", things
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œๆ‹ไบบใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆ‹ไบบใ€ใ€ ใ€Œๆ„›ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่œ‚่œœใ€ใชใฉใ€ใ€Œ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ€ใชใฉใจๅ‘ผใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:09
like that. Okay? That's romantic. In the rest of the lesson, we'll talk about all of the
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ใใ‚Œใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏใƒญใƒžใƒณใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ้ƒจๅˆ† ใงใฏใ€ไป–ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—
01:16
other options. Okay?
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:17
So let's start first here. In the first part here at the top, I've marked what you should
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใพใšใฏใ“ใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้ƒจๅˆ† ใงใฏใ€
01:25
do if you're talking to someone that you know. In other words, you know the name but it could
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็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใ™ในใใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅๅ‰ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œ
01:32
be a formal situation or an informal situation. Let's start with the formal situation.
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ใฏๆญฃๅผใช็ŠถๆณใพใŸใฏ้žๅ…ฌๅผใช็Šถๆณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™. ๆญฃๅผใช็Šถๆณใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:38
Now, in some cases, we refer to the... A professional-only a few professionals, not all-we refer to them
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็พๅœจใ€ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€... ๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถ - ใ™ในใฆใงใฏใชใๅฐ‘ๆ•ฐใฎๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถ - ใ‚’็งฐๅทใงๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™
01:47
by their title. What does that mean? For example: you may simply call someone: "Doctor. Doctor,
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ใ€‚ ใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ€Œใƒ‰ใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ใƒ‰ใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ
01:55
what should I do?" All right? You don't have to necessarily use the name; you can just
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ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ๅๅ‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:59
refer to him as "Doctor", so you're using his or her title. You could also do this for
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ๅฝผใพใŸใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎ็งฐๅทใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚’ใ€Œใƒ‰ใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ‚‚ใ‹ใพใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ๆ•™ๆŽˆใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
02:06
Professor; you don't have to use the last name even though you may know the last name.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅง“ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅง“ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
02:11
Let's say the name is Professor Black, but you don't have to say: "Professor Black",
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ๅๅ‰ใ‚’ใƒ—ใƒญใƒ•ใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ตใƒผ ใƒ–ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ใ€Œใƒ—ใƒญใƒ•ใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ตใƒผ ใƒ–ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
02:16
you could just say: "Professor". All right? Or if you're talking to a police officer...
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใพใŸใฏใ€่ญฆๅฏŸๅฎ˜ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
02:21
All right? And even if you see his badge, or his name, or something like that - you
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... ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใฎใƒใƒƒใ‚ธ ใ‚„ๅๅ‰ใ€ใพใŸใฏใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚
02:27
could still just refer to the person, whether it's a man or a woman as: "Officer", and that
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ใ€็”ทๆ€งใงใ‚ใ‚ใ†ใจๅฅณๆ€งใงใ‚ใ‚ใ†ใจใ€ใใฎไบบใ‚’ใ€Œๅฝนๅ“กใ€ใจๅ‘ผใถใ“ใจ
02:33
would do. And it's nice to do that, it's polite to do that, it might actually be rather important
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ใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ—ใ€็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ
02:38
for you to do that if you're talking to a police officer. Okay? So in some formal situations,
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ใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€่ญฆๅฏŸๅฎ˜ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๆญฃๅผใช็Šถๆณใง
02:44
you can refer to the person by their title. These are probably the most common. All right?
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ใฏใ€ใใฎไบบ็‰ฉใ‚’่‚ฉๆ›ธใใงๅ‘ผใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:49
Other than this, we don't usually refer to people as... By their title. Okay?
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ใ“ใ‚Œไปฅๅค–ใงใฏใ€็งใŸใกใฏ้€šๅธธ ใ€ไบบใ€…ใ‚’ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅ‘ผใณใพใ›ใ‚“... ่‚ฉๆ›ธใใงใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:54
Now, if you know the name but it's a formal situation, so they're not good friends of
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅๅ‰ใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃๅผใช ็Šถๆณใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ฆชๅ‹ใงใฏ
03:00
yours or something like that, then you use: "Mr." if it's a man with the last name. "Mr.
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ใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€ŒMr.ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅๅญ—ใฎ็”ทใชใ‚‰ใ€‚ "
03:08
Jones". If it's a woman and you know that she's married, you can say: "Mrs. Smith".
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ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใƒณใ‚บๆฐ"ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฅณๆ€งใงใ€ ๆ—ขๅฉš่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€ŒMrs. Smithใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:14
If it's a woman and she's not married or you're not sure if she's married or not, then you
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฅณๆ€งใงใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใŒ็ตๅฉšใ—ใฆใ„ ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใพใŸใฏๅฝผๅฅณใŒ็ตๅฉšใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
03:21
say: "Ms. Brown". Now, "Ms" is spelt: "M-s", but it's pronounced like: "Miz", "Ms.", "Ms.
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ใ€ŒMs. Brownใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็พๅœจใ€ใ€ŒMsใ€ใฏใ€ŒM-sใ€ใจ็ถดใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ€ŒMizใ€ใ€ใ€ŒMs.ใ€ใ€ใ€ŒMs. Brownใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œ
03:31
Brown". Okay? So if you're going up to someone and you say: "Excuse me, Ms. Brown." Okay?
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใซ่กŒใฃ ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒณใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:36
Or: "Excuse me, Mrs. Smith", and so on. Formal situations.
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ใพใŸใฏ: ใ€Œใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นๅคซไบบใ€ใชใฉใ€‚ ๆญฃๅผใช็Šถๆณใ€‚
03:42
If it's an informal situation with a known person, then of course, you can use their
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็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใจใฎ้žๅ…ฌๅผใช็Šถๆณ ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“
03:47
first name if in the past you have been told that it's okay to use their first name. So
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ใ€้ŽๅŽปใซๅๅ‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใจ่จ€ใ‚ ใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅๅ‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใง
03:53
if you called Mr. Jones, if you said to Mr. Jones: "Excuse me, Mr. Jones", and he says:
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใƒณใ‚บใ•ใ‚“ใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใƒณใ‚บ ใ•ใ‚“ใซใ€Œใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใƒณใ‚บใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃ
04:00
"Oh, that's okay. You can call me 'John'." Then, you can refer to him as John after that.
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ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใฏใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Žใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ€ใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎๅพŒใ€ๅฝผใ‚’ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใจๅ‘ผใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:06
The same with women's names; Mary or Susan. These are for people who are known to you.
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ๅฅณๆ€งใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒกใ‚ขใƒชใƒผใ‹ใ‚นใƒผใ‚ถใƒณใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใฎใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
04:12
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:13
Now, here at the bottom, this is what you do when you're talking to people who you don't
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ใงใฏใ€ไธ€็•ชไธ‹ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€็Ÿฅใ‚‰ ใชใ„ไบบใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™
04:20
know. In other words, to strangers. Right? So if you're talking to a man in a formal
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ใ€‚ ่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใ‚Œใฐใ€่ฆ‹็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใฌไบบใซใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใชๅ ดใง็”ทๆ€งใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
04:25
situation, you would usually say: "Sir". Okay? "Good morning, sir.", "Excuse me, sir." All
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ๅ ดๅˆใ€้€šๅธธใฏใ€ŒSirใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€ŒใŠใฏใ‚ˆใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€Œใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€
04:33
right? "May I help you, sir?" All right? Especially in customer service kind of positions or if
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€ŒใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿ๏ผŸใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็‰นใซใ‚ซใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒžใƒผใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใƒใ‚ธใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚„
04:39
you work in a hotel - these are very important titles to know.
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ใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใชๅฝน่ทใงใ™.
04:45
If it's an informal situation... All right? So this is not going to be in a customer service
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้žๅ…ฌๅผใช็Šถๆณใชใ‚‰โ€ฆใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้กงๅฎขใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚น
04:50
or... Situation. This might be on the street, or at a party, or something; very informal.
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ใ‚„... ็Šถๆณใซใฏใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ทฏไธŠใงใ€ ใพใŸใฏใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใงใ€ใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ้žๅธธใซ้žๅ…ฌๅผใ€‚
04:55
You could say: "Hey, mister." Or: "Hey, man.", "Hey, dude.", "Hey, bro." All right? Again,
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ใ€Œใญใˆใ€ใƒŸใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏ๏ผšใ€Œใญใˆใ€็”ทใ€ใ€ ใ€Œใญใˆใ€ใŠใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใญใˆใ€ไปฒ้–“ใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€
05:02
informal to very informal.
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้žๅ…ฌๅผใ‹ใ‚‰้žๅธธใซ้žๅ…ฌๅผใงใ™ใ€‚
05:05
If you're talking to a woman, we don't really have an informal column for a woman that we
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ๅฅณๆ€งใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใŸใกใŒ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ ๅฅณๆ€งๅ‘ใ‘ใฎ้žๅ…ฌๅผใฎใ‚ณใƒฉใƒ ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ‚ใ‚Š
05:10
don't know, so it's usually a little bit more on the formal side. If it's informal, you
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ้žๅ…ฌๅผใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ
05:15
know the person. All right? So if it's a woman and you don't know her name, you could say:
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ใฏใใฎไบบใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅฅณๆ€ง ใงใ€ๅๅ‰ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
05:22
"Madam. May I help you, madam?" Or: "Excuse me, ma'am." So "ma'am" is kind of like an...
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ใ€Œใƒžใƒ€ใƒ ใ€‚ใƒžใƒ€ใƒ ใ€ใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏ๏ผšใ€Œ ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ๅฅฅๆง˜ใ€‚ใ€ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œma'amใ€ใฏโ€ฆ
05:30
Sort of like an abbreviation of "madam". So, "madam" or "ma'am".
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ใ€Œmadamใ€ใฎ็•ฅ่ชžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใƒžใƒ€ใƒ ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใƒžใƒ€ใƒ ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:36
If you're talking to a group of people and they're... Let's say first the group is all
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไบบใ€…ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ... ๆœ€ๅˆใซใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใŒใ™ในใฆ
05:41
men, and if it's a formal situation, you would say: "Gentlemen". Okay? So you're trying to
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็”ทๆ€งใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃๅผใช็Šถๆณใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐ ใ€ใ€Œ็ดณๅฃซใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
05:47
get some... The attention of some men, you could say: "Gentlemen. Excuse me, gentlemen."
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™... ไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฎ็”ทๆ€งใฎๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๅผ•ใใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œ็ดณๅฃซใ€‚ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€็ดณๅฃซใ€‚ใ€
05:51
If it's a group of women, you could say: "Ladies. Good morning, ladies." Okay? If you're talking
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ๅฅณๆ€งใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€ŒLadies. Good morning, Ladies.ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฉฑใ—
06:00
and you don't know their name. Okay? Once you get to know them, it's a little bit different.
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ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:05
If you're addressing a crowd and there's going to be men and women there, usually we will
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็พค่ก†ใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆๆผ”่ชฌใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใใ“ ใซ็”ทๆ€งใจๅฅณๆ€งใŒใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€้€šๅธธใ€
06:10
say: "Ladies and gentlemen. Good evening, ladies and gentlemen." And we do put "ladies"
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ใ€Œใ”ๅฉฆไบบใ€็ดณๅฃซใ€ใ“ใ‚“ใฐใ‚“ใฏใ€็ดณๅฃซๆท‘ๅฅณใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œๅฅณๆ€งใ€ใ‚’็ฌฌไธ€ใซ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™
06:15
first. Okay? We don't say: "Good evening, gentlemen and ladies." That's just not a common
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œใ“ใ‚“ใฐใ‚“ใฏใ€็ดณๅฃซๆท‘ๅฅณใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใพใฃใŸใไธ€่ˆฌ
06:21
expression at all. So make sure you say: "Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to
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็š„ใงใฏใชใ„่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ ใ“ใ‚“ใฐใ‚“ใฏใ€ใ”ๅˆ—ๅธญใฎ็š†ๆง˜
06:26
the show." Something like that. All right? Very common expressions and very important
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ใ€‚ใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ใ€ ใใ‚“ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่กจ็พใจ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใช
06:31
expressions, very polite expressions to know.
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่กจ็พใ€็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใ้žๅธธใซไธๅฏงใช่กจ็พใ€‚
06:34
In... Again, in an informal situation or a very informal situation, you could refer to
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€้žๅ…ฌๅผใช็ŠถๆณใพใŸใฏ ้žๅธธใซ้žๅ…ฌๅผใช็Šถๆณใงใฏ
06:39
a group of people, men and women as: "Folks. Hey, folks. Let's... Let's be quiet now so
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ใ€็”ทๆ€งใจๅฅณๆ€งใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ‚’ๆฌก ใฎใ‚ˆใ†
06:46
she can start." Okay? Very informal. And gets more informal. "Hey, guys. How are you doing?",
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ใซๅ‘ผใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ " ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ้žๅธธใซ้žๅ…ฌๅผใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้žๅ…ฌๅผใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใญใˆใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€‚ๅ…ƒๆฐ—๏ผŸใ€ใ€
06:52
"Hey, guys. What are you doing? What are you doing here?" Okay? And if you're talking to
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ใ€Œใญใˆใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€ไฝ•ใ—ใฆใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸใ“ใ“ใงไฝ•ใ—ใฆใ‚‹ใฎ ๏ผŸใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅญไพ›ใŸใกใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰
06:57
your children, this is in a family situation: "Hey, kids. Let's go now." Okay? So that's
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฎถๆ—ใฎ็Šถๆณใงใ™๏ผšใ€Œใญใˆใ€ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใ€‚ ไปŠ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚ŒใŒ
07:03
how you're referring to a group of children. All right? You may or may not know them in
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซ่จ€ๅŠใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
07:11
that case.
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ใ€‚
07:12
So quite a few things to keep in mind. It seems basic. Make sure you know these basic
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใใ“ใจใŒใ‹ใชใ‚Šใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไบบใ‚’ๅ‚็…งใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฎ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ช
07:17
things of how to refer to people and it will be a lot easier for you. Okay? If you'd like
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ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆใšใฃใจ็ฐกๅ˜ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:23
to do some practice on this, please go to our website: www.engvid.com. You can also
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ๅฝ“็คพใฎ Web ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ (www.engvid.com) ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:29
subscribe to my YouTube channel for more lessons in basic or advanced English. Thanks very
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็งใฎ YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆ ใ€ๅŸบ็คŽ่‹ฑ่ชžใพใŸใฏไธŠ็ดš่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅ—่ฌ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใ
07:36
much for watching. Bye for now.
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใญใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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