Present Perfect or Past Simple? - English Grammar lesson

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
What's the difference between present perfect and past simple?
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์™€ ๋‹จ์ˆœ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
00:03
This is the most common grammar question I get
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:07
So I want to make it very, very easy so you understand and never forget.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žŠ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์„
00:19
The easiest way to understand this is in terms of time and experience.
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
What do I mean by that?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ด์•ผ?
00:25
For example, something happened in the past, like:
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
00:32
he's telling his friends about his date last night.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค ๋ฐ์ดํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
I went out with Maria last night.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ์™ธ์ถœํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
When we use specific times, specific details, we'll use past simple
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ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ํŠน์ • ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• ๋‹จ์ˆœ
00:45
"I WENT out last night"
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"I WENT out last night"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
00:48
but what else happened on this date?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋‚ ์งœ์— ๋˜ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
00:53
"We kissed"
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"We kissed"
00:55
Again, he's using past simple because we know we're talking about last night.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:59
We don't need to say it again.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
But we do know the specific time, right?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
So past simple
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‹จ์ˆœ
01:06
but then
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:11
and his friends want to say, "Yeah, we have that experience too. You're not special!"
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๊ทธ์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ "๊ทธ๋ž˜, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์–ด. ๋„Œ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„!"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
When you say "I have this experience" you use Present Perfect.
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"I have this experience"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
You're not mentioning details like time or anything.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
You're just saying, "I have this experience."
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ "๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
That's it.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์•ผ.
01:31
Use Present Perfect.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
Yeah. I've kissed Maria, too.
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์‘. ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ‚ค์Šค๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
Okay, just checking.
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™•์ธ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
We all know the form, right?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์–‘์‹์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
With present perfect, you use "HAVE" with I/you/we/they
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ I/you/we/they์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ "HAVE"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
01:45
or "HAS" with he/she/it and then verb3, past participle.
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he/she/it์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ "HAS"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ 3, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
In this case, this is a regular verb.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
So "ED" - Kissed.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "ED"-ํ‚ค์Šค.
01:54
I have kissed Maria too.
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๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ‚ค์Šค๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
I mean, just remember that contractions
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๋‚ด ๋ง์€, ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ด
01:59
are always more natural when speaking English.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
02:04
Yeah, I've kissed Maria too.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜, ๋‚˜๋„ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์—๊ฒŒ ํ‚ค์Šคํ–ˆ์–ด.
02:06
She also wants to say, Yeah,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ "๊ทธ๋ž˜,
02:08
I have this experience, but she won't use Present Perfect. Why?
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ? ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜
02:13
Because remember, with a specific time past simple.
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ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:18
Yeah, I kissed her this morning. You're not special.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ํ‚ค์Šคํ–ˆ์–ด . ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
Or if you want to
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๋˜๋Š”
02:24
say I don't have that experience,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:27
I've never kissed Maria or I haven't kissed Maria.
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๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์—๊ฒŒ ํ‚ค์Šคํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์—๊ฒŒ ํ‚ค์Šคํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
That's fine, too.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
When you say never, it just means in my life.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋‚ด ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
So it's really easy.
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์ •๋ง ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
You want to say, I have that experience or I don't have that experience Present Perfect.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ.
02:44
I have done this. I haven't done this.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
02:47
If you want to say,
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02:48
Yeah, I have this experience and this is exactly when you've passed.
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์˜ˆ, ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
Simple.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ.
02:55
It's really easy.
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์ •๋ง ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
It's that easy.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
Okay, I'm lying.
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์•Œ์•˜์–ด, ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์ด์•ผ.
03:00
There's more you want to say how many times you did something until now?
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋” ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ง์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๋‚˜์ค‘์—
03:06
Like maybe you want to do it again in the future.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:11
I've kissed Maria five times again.
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๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ ํ‚ค์Šคํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
Maybe he wants to do it again in the future.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:17
So he'll use Present Perfect.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
"I've kissed..." (Number of times)
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"I've kissed..." (ํšŸ์ˆ˜)
03:23
until now, maybe again in the future.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€, ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„.
03:27
However,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
03:29
she's also saying the number of times.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
Once until now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ.
03:34
Yeah. I only kissed Maria once.
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์‘. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์—๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋งŒ ํ‚ค์Šคํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
Never again. Yeah, it's not her cup of tea.
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๋‹ค์‹œ๋Š”. ๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
So she counts how many times
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ์ธ์ง€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:43
Once. And that's until now.
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
However, what's the difference?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:51
Probably won't happen again.
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์•„๋งˆ ๋‹ค์‹œ๋Š” ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
So for her, this action and the amount of times is completely in the past.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์ด ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
That's a finished, finished period.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋๋‚œ, ๋๋‚œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
Yes, she could use present.
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์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์„ ๋ฌผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
Perfect, because she's still alive.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์•„์ง ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์™„๋ฒฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
It could happen again.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
But again, like everything in English, we use grammar
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์˜์–ด์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
04:13
to show how we feel about the situation.
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์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
For her, it's not going to happen again.
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๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
So it's past simple.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
Also, before we continue, can you just press like on this video?
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค์— ์ข‹์•„์š”๋ฅผ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:26
Thanks. You're a legend.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ด์š”. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ „์„ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
I knew I could trust you.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
You just have a trustworthy face! :)
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฏฟ์„๋งŒํ•œ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! :)
04:33
and finally, length of time.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ธธ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ์ด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„
04:35
This is where you understand everything about the difference.
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:39
Because it's the same rule.
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๊ฐ™์€ ๊ทœ์น™์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
Again, with this.
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๋‹ค์‹œ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
04:42
If you want to talk about how long something happens
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด
04:45
from a time in the past until now, for example.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด.
04:50
"But we've been together for a month!"
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"ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!"
04:53
Present Perfect. Why?
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ. ์™œ? ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜
04:55
Because it's a length of time from the past.
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์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:59
Until now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€.
05:00
A month ago, until now.
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ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€.
05:03
But if the time period is in the past,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ด๋ฉด
05:06
it started in the past and finished in the past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
You want to talk about how long,
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05:12
Which grammar form should you use? Exactly! Past Simple!
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ํ˜•์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ! ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ!
05:16
You're really good at this.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ์ •๋ง ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
"I dated her for a week, but that was last year."
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋…€์™€ ๋ฐ์ดํŠธํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž‘๋…„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
05:23
Past Simple - length of time. Why?
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ - ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ธธ์ด. ์™œ?
05:27
Because this all happened a year ago.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์ด 1๋…„ ์ „์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
It started a year ago in the past and finished in the past.
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1๋…„ ์ „ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
That's why we use past simple
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
05:38
and in fact, we don't need to use this part.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
05:42
You don't even need the time reference if you use past simple.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:47
You're saying this is a past experience and it's completely finished.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์ด๊ณ  ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
But if you use present perfect,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:55
you're suggesting at least that it still continues now
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ
06:02
"We've been dating."
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"We've been date"๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
Probably you're still together
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์•„์ง ์‚ฌ๊ท€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ
06:06
"Yeah, we dated."
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"๊ทธ๋ž˜, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ๊ท€์—ˆ์–ด."
06:08
Probably It's finished. Again, though.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ.
06:11
Grammar is not an objective truth.
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ง„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
It's how we understand and view the world.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
God, that sounds deep. It's not meant to be.
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๋ง™์†Œ์‚ฌ, ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋„ค์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์˜๋„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
All right, so to understand everything, let's put this in the question form.
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์ž, ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
06:26
Okay, this final example, I showed this to my class once,
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ์ œ ๋ฐ˜์—์„œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:30
and it made everyone sad.
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๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์Šฌํ”„๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
So sorry in advance.
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๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
But you know what?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์•Œ์•„?
06:36
They remembered it and now you will too. So...
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ...
06:42
Imagine you see a guy playing with his dog
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ํ•œ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์™€ ๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ 
06:45
and you want to know "How long have you had a dog?"
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"๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šด ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?"๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:49
And he tells you, "I've had the dog for eight years."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” "๋‚˜๋Š” 8๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
"He's so cute. I love him. He's everything to me!"
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ท€์—ฝ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค!"
06:55
So you start playing with the dog.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฐœ์™€ ๋†€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
This is so cute.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ท€์—ฝ๋‹ค.
06:59
How long have you had the dog?
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๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šด ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
07:01
From a past time until now.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€.
07:04
Present Perfect.
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ.
07:10
The exact same question that we asked here.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
But now in Past Simple.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
"How long did you have a dog?"
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"๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šด ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
07:18
Remember asking "How long...?"
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"์–ธ์ œ๊นŒ์ง€...?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
07:20
With a Past Simple means the time is finished.
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Past Simple์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
"How long...?" with Present Perfect = The dog is alive.
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"์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜...?" ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ = ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
"How long...?" with Past Simple = The dog is dead.
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"์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜...?" with Past Simple = ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
Yes, it's sad but now you won't forget.
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์˜ˆ, ์Šฌํ”„์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
So to use everything that we've learned today, for example,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
07:38
I have never had a dog, but I've had a cat before.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šด ์ ์€ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋Š” ํ‚ค์šด ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
I had my cat for like 20 years before it died.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ๊ธฐ ์ „ 20๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์› ๋‹ค .
07:47
And again.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ.
07:48
I know it's sad, but your turn to practice in the comments.
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์Šฌํ”„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์—์„œ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ฐจ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
Let me know.
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์•Œ๋ ค์ค˜์š”.
07:53
Have you ever been to London?
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๋Ÿฐ๋˜์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:55
Have you ever had a dog or a cat?
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๊ฐœ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šด ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:57
How long have you worked at your company?
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ผํ•œ ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:00
and have you ever kissed anyone called Maria?
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๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ํ‚ค์Šคํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ
08:04
How many times have you kissed someone called Maria?
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๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ํ‚ค์Šคํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
08:07
Practice this in the comments or you can practice this in my e-book.
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์ฝ”๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚ด ์ „์ž์ฑ…์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
There's a lesson on this.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตํ›ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
You can get it right now on my Patreon Patreon.com/papateachme
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ œ Patreon Patreon.com/papateachme์—์„œ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
It's also available on my website papateachme.com
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์ œ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ papateachme.com์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
and I'll see you in the next class! Bye!
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์•ˆ๋…•!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7