10 ways to use the verb 'KEEP' in English

544,971 views ใƒป 2015-07-30

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ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
Hello. This is Gill, here, at www.engvid.com. And today, we're going to have a lesson on
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ฎใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฏ www.engvid.com ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆไปŠๆ—ฅ
00:09
the use of the verb "to keep". Okay? It's a verb that's used a lot in English, so it's
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ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œto keepใ€ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉž
00:17
a very useful word to know, and to know how to use it. And it can actually be used in
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ใชใฎใงใ€็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใใจใ€ใพใŸไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใใจใจใฆใ‚‚ไพฟๅˆฉใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ
00:24
different ways, in slightly different ways, different meanings. So I'm just going to show
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ€ใ‚ใšใ‹ใซ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ€ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:31
you three of those main ways of using the verb "to keep" in this lesson.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œto keepใ€ใฎไธปใชไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ 3 ใค็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:38
Okay. First of all, to explain how "to keep" is different from the verb "to hold". Sometimes
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใพใšใ€ใ€Œto keepใ€ใจ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œto holdใ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ™‚ใ€…
00:47
people get them confused. "To hold". Okay, I'm at the moment, I'm holding, holding a
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ไบบใ€…ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆททไนฑใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒๆŠฑใใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€็งใฏไปŠใ€
00:55
pen or a board marker. I may not keep it. If I take it home with me, that means I keep
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ใƒšใƒณใพใŸใฏใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ้ฃผใˆใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฎถใซๆŒใกๅธฐใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒไฟ็ฎก
01:04
it. But if I leave it in this classroom when I go, I did not keep it. I'm holding it now,
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ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚ใ€่กŒใใจใใซใ“ใฎๆ•™ๅฎคใซ็ฝฎใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ไฟ็ฎกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไปŠใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
01:13
but I will not be keeping it. I leave it here. Okay, so with "to hold", for example, you
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ๆ‰‹ๆ”พใ™ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซ็ฝฎใ„ใฆใŠใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œto holdใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€
01:23
can ask somebody... You're holding your bag, you need to put your coat on. You can't do
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่ชฐใ‹ใซๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™... ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใ‚’ ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใƒˆใ‚’็€ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธกๆ–นใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใฏใงใใชใ„
01:28
both, so you ask somebody: "Can you hold my bag while I put my coat on?" Okay? And then:
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ใฎใงใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซใ€Œ ใ‚ณใƒผใƒˆใ‚’็€ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้–“ใ€ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€
01:40
"Thank you." You have your bag back again. They give it back. So they hold the bag, it's
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ†ใณใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๆˆปใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
01:46
temporary. Just like me holding this pen is temporary; I will be putting it back on the
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ไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™. ็งใŒใ“ใฎใƒšใƒณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
01:53
table at the end of the session. So "to hold" is a temporary thing. Just holding something.
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ใ‚ปใƒƒใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใซๆˆปใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œๆˆ‘ๆ…ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:02
Okay? So, that's "to hold".
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œๆˆ‘ๆ…ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:05
So now let's have a look at the first meaning of the verb "to keep", which means something
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏ ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œto keepใ€ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ
02:12
like to... To retain. Like I was saying, if I retain this, if I keep it, I take it home
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ใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€โ€ฆ ไฟๆŒใ™ใ‚‹. ็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ็งใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฟๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ไฟๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏๅฎถใซๆŒใกๅธฐใ‚Š
02:20
with me and never... Never give it back to the person it belongs to, which is stealing.
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ใ€ๆฑบใ—ใฆ.
02:27
So we can't do that. Can we? No. Okay.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“. ใ—ใฆใ„ใ„๏ผŸ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:31
So, you can say to somebody... Say you... If I... If this did belong to me, if this
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™... ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„... ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒ... ใ‚‚ใ—ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
02:37
was my pen, but somebody else said: "Oh, isn't that a lovely pen? I need a pen like that.
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ใŒ็งใฎใƒšใƒณใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใงใ‚‚ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸ:ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ ใ€็ด ๆ•ตใชใƒšใƒณใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„? ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใƒšใƒณใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
02:46
Oh." So I would say: "Oh, well, if you... Here you are. You can use it, and if you like
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€‚ใ€ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผšใ€Œใพใ‚ ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ...ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹
02:55
it, you can keep it. Okay? I've got lots more pens like this, so you're very welcome to
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ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™. ใฉใ†ใžใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใใŠ้ก˜ใ„
03:02
have it. You can keep it." So if you like it, the pen, you can keep it. And you keep
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ใ„ใŸใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใฎใพใพใŠๆŒใกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ใƒšใƒณใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎใพใพใซใ—ใฆใŠใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฟ็ฎก
03:09
it, you take it home with you. You use it. It's then your pen. It was my pen. Now it's
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ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎถใซๆŒใกๅธฐใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒšใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎใƒšใƒณใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไปŠใฏ
03:15
your pen. You kept it. So, past tense: "kept". Irregular verb. Right. Okay.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒšใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฟใกใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝข๏ผš ใ€ŒไฟใŸใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใ€‚ ไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚ ๅณใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
03:27
Next example... For example, maybe I've broken my leg or something, and it's the summer.
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ๆฌกใฎไพ‹... ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€่ถณใ‚’้ชจๆŠ˜ใ—ใŸ ใ‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใงใ€ๅคใงใ™ใ€‚
03:35
I can't go swimming for the whole of the summer because I've broken my leg. Right? So I don't
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็งใฏ่ถณใ‚’้ชจๆŠ˜ใ—ใŸใฎใงใ€ๅคใฎ้–“ใšใฃใจๆณณใŽใซ่กŒใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
03:43
need my swimsuit for the whole of the summer. So... But a friend of mine really, really,
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅคใฎ้–“ใšใฃใจๆฐด็€ใฏๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใง... ใงใ‚‚ใ€็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€
03:49
really wants to go swimming, and she's going on holidays soon, and the hotel has a swimming
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆณณใŽใซ่กŒใใŸใŒใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ใ‚‚ใ†ใ™ใไผ‘ๆš‡ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใ€ใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใซใฏ
03:54
pool. It's near the sea. She doesn't have a swimsuit. So, I can't use my swimsuit; I've
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ใƒ—ใƒผใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆตทใฎ่ฟ‘ใใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆฐด็€ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆฐด็€ใฏไฝฟใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:01
broken my leg. So, I say to her: "Here is my swimsuit - you can keep it for the summer,
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่ถณใ‚’้ชจๆŠ˜ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใฏๅฝผๅฅณใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€Œใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎ ๆฐด็€ใงใ™ใ€‚ๅคใฎ้–“ใฏๅ–ใฃใฆใŠใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ
04:13
but I will need to have it back in September." Okay? Because my leg will be better in September,
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ใ€9 ๆœˆใซๆˆปใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ 9ๆœˆใซใฏ่ถณใŒ่‰ฏใใชใ‚Šใ€
04:21
and I will want to start swimming again. So, keeping can be temporary if you say: "You
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ใพใŸๆฐดๆณณใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰
04:28
can keep it for the summer,"-okay?-"but I will need to have it back"-you have to give
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ใ€ใ€Œๅคใฎ้–“ใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€ใ€Œใงใ‚‚ใ€9ๆœˆ ใซ่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ไฟ็ฎกใฏไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
04:35
it back to me-"in September." Okay? Right?
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅณ๏ผŸ
04:40
And similarly, if you go in a taxi and you have to pay the taxi driver... Terribly expensive,
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ๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใซไน—ใฃ ใฆใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใฎ้‹่ปขๆ‰‹ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆ... ใฒใฉใ้ซ˜ไพกใงใ™
04:47
but anyway. If you're feeling generous and you've got lots of money to spare, you can
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ใŒใ€ใจใซใ‹ใ. ๅฏ›ๅคง ใชๆฐ—ๆŒใกใงใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใซไฝ™่ฃ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€
04:54
say: "I told the taxi driver to keep the change." Let's say the taxi fare was, in UK money,
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ใ€Œใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใฎ้‹่ปขๆ‰‹ใซใŠ้‡ฃใ‚Šใ‚’้ ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผๆ–™้‡‘ใŒใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎใŠ้‡‘ใงใ€ยฃ8.50 ใ ใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
05:12
ยฃ8.50. Okay? And you gave him a ยฃ10 note, and you said to him: "Keep the change." You
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใซ 10 ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ๆœญใ‚’ๆธกใ— ใ€ใ€ŒใŠใคใ‚Šใฏๅ–ใฃใฆใŠใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ
05:22
didn't want ยฃ1.50 back from him; you were happy to give him a ยฃ10 note and let him
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ใฏๅฝผใ‹ใ‚‰ 1.50 ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚’่ฟ”ใ—ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๅ–œใ‚“ใงๅฝผใซ 10 ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ๆœญใ‚’ๆธกใ—ใ€ๅฝผ
05:30
keep the change. Not give you any change. It's what you call a "tip". You gave the taxi
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ใซ้‡ฃใ‚Š้Šญใ‚’้ ใ‘ใ•ใ›ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใŠใคใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ’ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ„ใ‚ใ‚†ใ‚‹ใ€Œใ‚ณใƒ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใฎ
05:40
driver a tip. Okay? So, keep the change. alright?
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้‹่ปขๆ‰‹ใซใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๆธกใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ‚’ไฟ็ฎกใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ
05:47
And then finally, for this section: "You can keep your things in this drawer." Maybe you
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใฏใ€ใ€Œ ใ“ใฎๅผ•ใๅ‡บใ—ใซ็‰ฉใ‚’ไฟ็ฎกใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใŸใถใ‚“
05:55
start a new job and you're on the first day, you're taken to your desk: "This is where
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ€ๅˆๆ—ฅ ใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆœบใซ้€ฃใ‚Œ
06:01
you're going to be sitting. Here's your computer. There's a drawer here. You can keep your things
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ใฆ่กŒใ‹ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
06:09
in this drawer." So all of your pens, pencils, paper for writing on, anything, your diary,
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ใ“ใฎๅผ•ใๅ‡บใ—ใ€‚ใ€ ใƒšใƒณใ€้‰›็ญ†ใ€ ๆ›ธใใŸใ‚ใฎ็ด™ใ€ไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๆ—ฅ่จ˜
06:19
everything you need for your job to stop the table... The desk looking untidy. You can
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ใ€ใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใ‚’ๆญขใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไป•ไบ‹ใซๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใ™ในใฆ ... ๆœบใŒไนฑ้›‘ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
06:26
put the things in the drawer. "You can keep your things in this drawer." Okay. That's
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ๅผ•ใๅ‡บใ—ใซ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใ“ใฎๅผ•ใๅ‡บใ—ใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฟ็ฎกใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
06:33
sort of fairly permanent: keep things in the drawer for the length of the time that you're
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ไธ€็จฎใฎใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆ’ไน…็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎ ใงใ™.ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
06:39
going to be working there, so hopefully a nice long time, and hopefully a nice enjoyable
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ใใ“ใงๅƒใใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ ๆ™‚้–“ใฎ้–“ใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’ๅผ•ใๅ‡บใ—ใซไฟ็ฎกใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
06:46
job. Okay. Right, so we'll now move on to look at another aspect of the verb "to keep".
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. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใงใฏ ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œto keepใ€ใฎๅˆฅใฎๅด้ขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:54
We have three sentences here. For example: "He keeps his car in good condition." Okay?
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ใ“ใ“ใซ 3 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไพ‹๏ผš ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่ปŠใ‚’่‰ฏๅฅฝใช็Šถๆ…‹ใซไฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:04
So your friend has car, he looks after it very well. He keeps it clean, keeps it clean.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใฏ่ปŠใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฝผใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใไธ–่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใใ‚Œใ„ใซไฟใกใพใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใใ‚Œใ„ใซไฟใกใพใ™ใ€‚
07:14
He looks after it. If it needs to be repaired, he takes it to the garage. He doesn't neglect
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ๅฝผใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธ–่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฟฎ็†ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€ใ‚ฌใƒฌใƒผใ‚ธใซๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ่ปŠใ‚’่ปฝ่ฆ–ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“
07:22
the car. He really takes care of it. So: "He keeps his car in good condition." It's like
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅคงไบ‹ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œๅฝผ ใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่ปŠใ‚’่‰ฏๅฅฝใช็Šถๆ…‹ใซไฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
07:31
saying: "He maintains his car in good condition." Okay?
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่ปŠใ‚’่‰ฏๅฅฝใช็Šถๆ…‹ใซ็ถญๆŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:37
Secondly: "Do you keep a diary?" Right? So that's a slightly different meaning of "keep".
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็ฌฌไบŒใซใ€ใ€Œๆ—ฅ่จ˜ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ็ถญๆŒใ€ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๅฐ‘ใ—็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:45
If you have a diary, maybe not just an appointment diary, but a diary, a journal where you write
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ๆ—ฅ่จ˜ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ไบˆ็ด„ๆ—ฅ่ชŒใ ใ‘ ใงใชใใ€
07:52
down things that happen each day and maybe make comments about things that happen. "Do
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ๆฏŽๆ—ฅ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ€่ตทใ“ใฃใŸ ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๆ—ฅ่จ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
08:00
you keep a diary?" Which means you go to your diary every day, every few days maybe, at
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ๆ—ฅ่จ˜ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€ๆฏŽๆ—ฅใ€ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏๆ•ฐๆ—ฅใŠใใซใ€
08:09
least once a week to write a few things in your diary in a kind of regular way. So "to
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ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚้€ฑใซไธ€ๅบฆใฏๆ—ฅ่จ˜ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆ ใ€ๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซๆ—ฅ่จ˜ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
08:18
keep a diary", you write in a book regularly about your life. Okay. Right?
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ใ€Œๆ—ฅ่จ˜ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎไบบ็”Ÿใซใคใ„ใฆๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซๆœฌใซๆ›ธใใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
08:27
And then finally, in this section: "Can you keep a secret?" Okay? This is something a
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใฏใ€Œ ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
08:35
friend might say to you. "Can you keep a secret? I'm going to tell you something now, but you've
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ๅ‹ไบบใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹ ? ไปŠใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝ•ใ‹่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€
08:44
got to promise not to tell anybody else. Can you keep a secret?" Meaning keep it to yourself.
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ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใซใ‚‚่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใจ็ด„ๆŸใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎไธญใซ็•™ใ‚ใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:53
Keep it, and don't share it with other people. Don't tell other people this secret thing.
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ไฟ็ฎกใ—ใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ไป–ใฎไบบใซ่ฉฑใ•ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:01
So, whatever it is, I don't know because it's a secret. Okay? But can you keep a secret?
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็ง˜ๅฏ†ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:08
Has anybody ever told you a secret? And have you then gone and told other people, or have
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹? ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่กŒใฃใฆไป–ใฎไบบใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚
09:15
you kept it, kept it to yourself? Okay? It's tempting sometimes, isn't it? But you have
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซ็•™ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ‹? ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๆ™‚ใ€…ใใ‚Œใฏ้ญ…ๅŠ›็š„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใงใ‚‚ใ€็ด„ๆŸใ—ใŸ
09:24
to really try hard not to tell anybody else because you promised. Right. Okay. Right.
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ใซใฏใ€่ชฐใซใ‚‚่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้ ‘ๅผตใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ๅณใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ๅณใ€‚
09:34
Okay, moving on to another slightly different usage. This one, this is like the meaning
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅˆฅใฎๅฐ‘ใ—็•ฐใชใ‚‹ไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็ถ™็ถšใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€็ถ™็ถšใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎ
09:44
being continuing, to continue. So, if you're in a car: "It's a long journey", you're going
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€่ปŠใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œ้•ทใ„ๆ—…ใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€
09:52
hundreds of miles. "It's a long journey", and you want to rest, you want to stop, you
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ไฝ•็™พใƒžใ‚คใƒซใ‚‚็งปๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้•ทใ„ๆ—…ใ ใ€ ใ€ไผ‘ใฟใŸใ„ใ€็ซ‹ใกๅฏ„ใ‚Š
09:57
want to sleep, anything. But: "It's a long journey, but we must keep going." Keep going.
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ใŸใ„ใ€ๅฏใŸใ„ใ€ใชใ‚“ใงใ‚‚ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้•ทใ„ ้“ใฎใ‚Šใงใ™ใŒใ€็งใŸใกใฏ้€ฒใฟ็ถšใ‘ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ็ซ‹ใกๆญขใพใ‚‹ใชใ€‚
10:07
So, to keep going is to continue. We can't stop. We have to be that... In that place
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆญขใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ใพใงใซใ€ใ‚ใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใ„ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„
10:13
by a certain time. We can't stop and rest. We've got to keep going. Keep going. Continue.
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ใ€‚ ็ซ‹ใกๆญขใพใฃใฆไผ‘ใ‚€ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็ถšใ‘ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็ซ‹ใกๆญขใพใ‚‹ใชใ€‚ ็ถ™็ถšใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
10:22
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:23
And then similarly, you might still be in this car, and you say: "If we keep that tall
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ใใ—ใฆๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใพใ  ใ“ใฎ่ปŠใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใฎ้ซ˜ใ„
10:33
building in sight, we won't get lost." Okay? You know, if you're in a strange city, maybe
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ๅปบ็‰ฉใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐ่ฟทใ†ใ“ใจใฏใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ่ฆ‹็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใฌ่ก—ใซ
10:41
you're walking around, and you think: "Well, I need somewhere... Somewhere, a big building,
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ใ„ใฆ ๆญฉใๅ›žใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ“ใ†ๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€Œใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ ใฉใ“ใ‹ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใ ... ใฉใ“ใ‹ใ€่ก—ใฎใฉใ“
10:48
a tall building that I can see from any part of the city, and then I will know where I
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ๅคงใใชๅปบ็‰ฉใ€้ซ˜ๅฑคใƒ“ใƒซใ€‚ ๅธ‚ใ€ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒใฉใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†
10:54
am." Okay? So you keep the building in sight, meaning you can always see it. Keep it in
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ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅธธใซๅปบ็‰ฉใ‚’่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฟใค ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใพใŸใฏ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
11:05
sight or in view. If we keep it in sight, we won't get lost. Okay?
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ใ€‚ ่ฆ–็•Œใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€่ฟทใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
11:14
And then this meaning here is more to do with preserving, like with food. You don't want
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฎใ“ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏ ใ€้ฃŸๅ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฟๅญ˜ใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
11:21
the food to go bad. So: "The food will keep if you put it in the freezer." Okay? So, this
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้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใŒๆ‚ชใใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ้ฃŸๅ“ใฏ ๅ†ทๅ‡ๅบซใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚Œใฐไฟๅญ˜ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
11:31
is about preserving the food so that in a month's time, you can take it out of the freezer,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ฃŸๅ“ใ‚’ไฟๅญ˜ใ—ใฆใ€1 ใ‹ๆœˆไปฅๅ†… ใซๅ†ทๅ‡ๅบซใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—
11:37
you can cook it, you can eat it and it tastes good. Right, so food will keep if you put
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ใฆใ€่ชฟ็†ใ—ใฆใ€้ฃŸในใฆใ€ใŠใ„ใ—ใ้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ๅ†ทๅ‡ๅบซใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚Œใฐ้ฃŸๅ“ใฏไฟๅญ˜ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
11:46
it in the freezer. Right?
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ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
11:49
And then finally, this is a notice you might sometimes see if you're visiting a place that
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พŽใ—ใ„่Š็”Ÿใ€่Š็”ŸใŒ ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’่จชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซๆ™‚ใ€…็›ฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฎใ‚ใ‚‹้€š็Ÿฅใงใ™
11:55
has lovely lawns, grass. So these are lawns. If it's beautifully cut green grass, and they
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ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ่Š็”Ÿใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ„ใซๅˆˆใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ็ท‘ใฎ่‰ใงใ€
12:09
don't want people walking on it all the time because it just goes muddy, you get brown
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ๆณฅใ ใ‚‰ใ‘ใซใชใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงไบบใŒใใฎไธŠใ‚’ๆญฉใใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใพใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€่Œถ่‰ฒใฎ
12:16
patches, it looks horrible, so sometimes you have a sign that says: "KEEP OFF THE GRASS."
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ๆ–‘็‚นใŒใงใใ€่ฆ‹ใŸ็›ฎ ใŒๆ‚ชใใ€ใ€Œ่‰ใซ่ฟ‘ใฅใ‹ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ "
12:24
Okay? Not even "please". It usually just says: "KEEP OFF THE GRASS." For it to say "please",
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€ŒใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ้€šๅธธใ€ใ€Œ่‰ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจใ ใ‘ๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€ŒใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใŸใ‚ใซใฏ
12:31
they'd need to have a much longer notice, so: "KEEP OFF THE GRASS." It's an order. Right?
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ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจ้•ทใ„้€š็Ÿฅใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆณจๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
12:39
So you cannot walk on the grass. Keep off the grass. Okay.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€่Š็”ŸใฎไธŠใ‚’ๆญฉใใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่‰ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
12:45
So, I hope that little lesson was helpful to show you the different ways of using the
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎๅฐใ•ใชใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œto keepใ€ใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็คบใ™ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
12:51
verb "to keep". If you'd like to visit the website: www.engvid.com, there is a quiz there
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. ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
12:58
for you to test yourself on this. And also, if you'd like to subscribe to my YouTube channel
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€
13:07
if you would like to keep in touch with my lessons as they come out, that would be great.
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็งใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒๅ…ฌ้–‹ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใจใใซ้€ฃ็ตกใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€็งใฎ YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ ใ€‚
13:14
And hope to see you again soon. Okay. Bye for now.
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ใพใŸใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใพใŸใญใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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