Change word meanings with SYLLABLE STRESS

267,156 views ใƒป 2016-01-08

Learn English with Gill


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
Hello. This is Gill at www.engvid.com,
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ www.engvid.com ใฎ Gill
00:04
and today, we're going to be having a look at
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชž
00:07
a very interesting aspect of the English language:
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ใฎ้žๅธธใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ ๅด้ขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅˆฅใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใ€
00:13
What happens with some words if you stress
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™
00:18
a different syllable. Okay? This is quite important, because sometimes the change of
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰
00:26
stress just changes a noun to a verb, or a verb to a noun, but there are some other words
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ใ€ๅผทๅ‹ขใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใŒๅ˜ใซๅ่ฉžใ‚’ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใ€ใพใŸใฏ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅ่ฉžใซ
00:35
which we will also be looking at where the meaning of the word completely changes
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00:42
if you change which syllable you're stressing. Okay. So this is quite important to be clear
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ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
00:52
on which syllable to stress for the particular meaning that you want. Okay.
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ใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใฉใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
00:59
So, we're going to start with the easier part, which is a two-syllable word, so two syllables:
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ใงใฏใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใช้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ 2 ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€2 ใคใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฏ
01:10
"mm-mm, mm-mm",
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ใ€Œmm-mmใ€mm-mmใ€ใงใ™
01:12
two syllables where if you stress it
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ใ€‚2 ใคใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฏ
01:17
on the first syllable where I've put capital letters, it's the noun;
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ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใงๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
01:26
and if you stress it on the second syllable, again,
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ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฎ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟ
01:30
capital letters, it becomes the verb.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:35
The general meaning is the same with this group
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใฏใ“ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—
01:38
of words, but you're changing from noun to verb when you're changing the stress. Okay?
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ใฎๅ˜่ชžใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใจๅ่ฉžใ‹ใ‚‰ ๅ‹•่ฉžใซๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:47
So it's important to know whether you're saying a noun or a verb. So remember it's always
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ่ฉžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ
01:53
the first stress syllable is the noun, second syllable stressed is the verb.
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ใ€ๅธธใซๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅผทๅ‹ข้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใŒๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๅผทๅ‹ขใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:00
Okay, so let's have a look at the example, here.
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใงไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
02:05
So, a "RE-cord", if you keep a record
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่“„้ŸณๆฉŸใ‚„ใƒฌใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใƒ—ใƒฌใƒผใƒคใƒผใง้ป’ใ„ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏ่ฃฝใฎใƒฌใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใŒใใ‚‹ใใ‚‹ๅ›žใฃใฆใ„ใŸๆ™‚ไปฃใซ
02:09
of something or if you play a record that has music on it in the days when we used to
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ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ˜้Œฒใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€้ŸณๆฅฝใŒๅ…ฅใฃใŸใƒฌใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€ŒREใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใ€
02:16
have black plastic records that went round and round on a gramophone or a record player.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ .
02:24
A "record" is something recorded, or if you write down in a document, you make a note
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ใ€Œ่จ˜้Œฒใ€ใจใฏใ€่จ˜้Œฒใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใฏ ใ€ๆ–‡ๆ›ธใซๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
02:33
of something, you make a... You keep a record of something that happened, or something that
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ€... ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚„
02:40
was agreed. Maybe in a meeting somebody keeps a note of the discussion of the meeting, and
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ๅŒๆ„ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่จ˜้Œฒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไผš่ญฐใง่ชฐใ‹ใŒ ไผš่ญฐใฎ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ‚’ใƒกใƒขใ—ใ€
02:47
then they print it out and send it to everyone who was at the meeting as a record of that
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐๅˆทใ—ใฆใ€ ใใฎไผš่ญฐใฎ่จ˜้Œฒใจใ—ใฆไผš่ญฐใซๅ‡บๅธญใ—ใฆใ„ใŸๅ…จๅ“กใซ้€ไฟกใ—
02:54
meeting, what was discussed, what was agreed, and so on. So, the "record", that's the noun:
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ใ€ไฝ•ใŒ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ•ใ‚Œใ€ไฝ•ใŒๅˆๆ„ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‹ใชใฉใ‚’่จ˜้Œฒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใƒฌใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใ€ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
03:02
"the record", "a record" is the noun. But if you then change the stress and say: "re-CORD",
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ใ€Œใƒฌใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒฌใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใ€ใŒๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ๅผทๅ‹ขใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใฆใ€Œre-CORDใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€
03:13
that becomes the verb. We are going to record a song. So if you're making a CD, now, rather
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆญŒใ‚’้Œฒ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€CD ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆต้€šใ—ใฆ
03:25
than a black plastic record that goes around, a CD, we are going to record the new song
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ใ„ใ‚‹้ป’ใ„ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏ่ฃฝ ใฎ CD ใงใฏใชใใ€็งใŸใกใŒๆ›ธใ„ใŸๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆ›ฒใ‚’้Œฒ้Ÿณใ—
03:34
that we've written. Or at the meeting, we will record the agreement. So, that is the
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏๆ‰“ใกๅˆใ‚ใ›ๆ™‚ใซ ใ€ๅŒๆ„ๆ›ธใ‚’้Œฒ้Ÿณใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ
03:43
verb, the action of recording. If you say: "recording", "recording", it's the "cord"
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่จ˜้Œฒใฎๅ‹•ไฝœใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒฌใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒฌใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€Œใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใ€
03:52
bit that you stress. But a record is the thing itself, the noun. Okay.
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ใƒ“ใƒƒใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใƒฌใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ ใฏ็‰ฉใใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ€ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
03:59
And you'll also notice the vowel sound changes slightly, because you're changing the stress. So:
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ใพใŸ ใ€ๅผทๅ‹ขใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆฏ้ŸณใŒใ‚ใšใ‹ใซๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚‚ๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
04:06
"record",
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04:08
"eh", the "eh" sound, but "record", "a", it becomes an "a" sound, here.
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ใ€Œ้Œฒใ‚‹ใ€ใ€Œใˆใ€ใ€Œใˆใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œ้Œฒใ‚‹ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ€ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€Œใ‚ใ€ใฎ ้Ÿณใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:16
"RE-cord", "re-CORD",
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ใ€ŒRE-CORDใ€ใ€ŒRE-CORDใ€ใชใฉใ€ๅผท
04:19
so sometimes with the change of stress, the vowel sound changes, too. Okay.
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ๅ‹ขใฎ ๅค‰ๅŒ–ใงๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚‚ๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใฏใ„
04:25
Right, next one:
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ใ€ๆฌกใฏ
04:28
"SUS-pect" and "sus-PECT".
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ใ€ŒSUS-pectใ€ใจใ€Œsus-PECTใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:33
Right? So, "suspect", if someone is a suspect,
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ๅณ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œๅฎน็–‘่€…ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒๅฎน็–‘่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹
04:39
they are usually, maybe the police think that they committed a crime. We have caught the
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ๅ ดๅˆใ€้€šๅธธใ€่ญฆๅฏŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ็Šฏ็ฝชใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๅฎน็–‘่€…ใ‚’ๆ•ใพใˆใพใ—ใŸ
04:48
suspect. We are questioning a suspect of someone who maybe stole something from a shop, and
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ใ€‚ ๅบ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็›—ใ‚“ใ ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบ็‰ฉใฎๅฎน็–‘่€…ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ๅ•ใ—ใฆใ„
04:57
then somebody identifies them later, and that is a suspect. So that's the noun, the person,
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅพŒใง่ชฐใ‹ใŒ็‰นๅฎšใ—ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฎน็–‘่€…ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ใใฎไบบ
05:07
usually, is a suspect. If you suspect someone, if you do the action of suspecting, the police
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ใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ๅฎน็–‘่€…ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’็–‘ใ†ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€็–‘ใ†่กŒ็‚บใ‚’ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€่ญฆๅฏŸ
05:16
suspect this person of having committed that crime. So, we suspect, if you do the action
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ใฏใใฎไบบใŒใใฎ็Šฏ็ฝชใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใจ็–‘ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็–‘ใ†ใจใ„ใ†่กŒ็‚บใ‚’ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๆˆ‘ใ€…
05:25
of suspecting. So: "SUS-pect" is the noun, "sus-PECT" is the verb, the action of having
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ใฏ็–‘ใ†ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€ŒSUS-pectใ€ใฏๅ่ฉžใ€ ใ€Œsus-PECTใ€ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’็–‘ใ†่กŒ็‚บใงใ™
05:33
suspicion about somebody. Okay.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
05:39
"IM-port" and "im-PORT".
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ใ€ŒIM-portใ€ใจใ€Œim-PORTใ€ใ€‚
05:44
An import or the import is some product that is imported from
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่ผธๅ…ฅใพใŸใฏ่ผธๅ…ฅใฏ ใ€
05:52
one country to another. We have imports. The goods themselves, the products, which arrive
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ›ฝใ‹ใ‚‰ๅˆฅใฎๅ›ฝใซ่ผธๅ…ฅใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่ฃฝๅ“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ผธๅ…ฅๅ“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ•†ๅ“่‡ชไฝ“ใ€
05:59
by plane, or ship, that's the import. Okay? The thing itself. But the action is we import
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้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใ‚„่ˆนใงๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใŸ่ฃฝๅ“ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ผธๅ…ฅๅ“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ไบ‹ใใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏใ€
06:10
these goods on a daily basis. We are importing the goods. So the action is import. All right?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ•†ๅ“ใ‚’ๆ—ฅๅธธ็š„ใซ่ผธๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ•†ๅ“ใ‚’่ผธๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏใ‚คใƒณใƒใƒผใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:23
An "IN-sult", that is an insult. If somebody says something bad to you, they say:
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ใ€ŒIN-sultใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šไพฎ่พฑใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซไฝ•ใ‹ๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ†
06:31
"Oh, you don't look very nice today. I don't like what you're wearing. It's terrible.
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่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:37
I don't like your hair. I don't like anything about you."
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใ€‚ใ€
06:41
That's an insult. That's a really...
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ใใ‚Œใฏไพฎ่พฑใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซโ€ฆ
06:44
Not very nice thing to say to anybody. So, they make... They make an insult. That's the
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่ชฐใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ„ใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไฝœใ‚‹. ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไพฎ่พฑใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹. ใใ‚Œ
06:52
thing itself that they say, the noun. And then the action is they have insulted you,
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ใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ€ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€่กŒๅ‹•ใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ไพฎ่พฑใ—ใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™
07:02
that was... And you might say to them:
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...ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใ“ใ†่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“:
07:05
"Please don't insult me. Please don't insult me."
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07:10
So that's the action or telling them not to do that action.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ่กŒๅ‹•ใ€ใพใŸใฏใใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ ใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฝผใ‚‰ใซไผใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:16
"Please don't insult me."
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ใ€Œ็งใ‚’ไพฎ่พฑใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
07:18
All right.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
07:21
A "CON-flict", like with a war, people fighting. There was a conflict today in the street.
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ใ€ŒCON-flicใ€ใจใฏใ€ๆˆฆไบ‰ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไบบใ€…ใŒไบ‰ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€้€šใ‚Šใง่ก็ชใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:30
There were people fighting in the street. There was a conflict, and the police had to
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้€šใ‚Šใงๆˆฆใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใŒใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็ด›ไบ‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่ญฆๅฏŸใŒ
07:35
come and stop... Stop it happening. So that's the a-... The actual situation, so that's
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ๆฅใฆๆญขใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ... ใ‚„ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒa -... ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ็Šถๆณใ€ใใ‚Œ
07:43
the noun, "a conflict", an actual thing that was there happening.
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ใŒๅ่ฉžใ€ใ€Œ็ด›ไบ‰ใ€ใ€ๅฎŸ้š› ใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:49
But when people "con-FLICT",
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒใ€Œcon-FLICTใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€
07:51
that's the verb, the action, so these people fighting in the street with their conflict,
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่กŒๅ‹•ใงใ™ใ€‚ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไบบใ€… ใฏใ€่ทฏไธŠใง่‘›่—คใ‚’ๆŠฑใˆใฆๆˆฆใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
07:59
they were have... They were conflicting. So they were doing that action. They conflict.
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ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅฏพ็ซ‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:09
All right.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
08:13
"PER-mit". So, if you're maybe travelling from one country to another, sometimes you
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"่จฑๅฏ"ใ€‚ ใใฎ ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ›ฝใ‹ใ‚‰ๅˆฅใฎๅ›ฝ
08:19
need a permit to travel, so a document, maybe with your photograph on. I have my permit,
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ใธๆ—…่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆ—…่กŒ่จฑๅฏ่จผใŒๅฟ…่ฆใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ†™็œŸไป˜ใใฎๆ›ธ้กžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใซใชใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ่จฑๅฏ่จผใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€
08:27
here, with my photograph on. So, the person at the border might want to check your passport,
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ€็งใฎๅ†™็œŸใŒ่ผ‰ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ›ฝๅขƒใซใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใฏ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒˆใ€
08:36
your other documents, your visa, your permit, your permission to be there to come into that
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ใใฎไป–ใฎๆ›ธ้กžใ€ใƒ“ใ‚ถใ€่จฑๅฏ่จผใ€ใใฎๅ›ฝใซๅ…ฅๅ›ฝใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ่จฑๅฏใ€่จฑๅฏ่จผใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
08:43
country, your permit. So it's a thing, a document, a noun. But then the activity at the border
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ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็‰ฉใ€ๆ–‡ๆ›ธใ€ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ›ฝๅขƒใงใฎๆดปๅ‹•
08:54
will "per-MIT" you to enter the country. They will permit you. So that's the action, the
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ใฏใ€ŒMITใ”ใจใ€ใซๅ…ฅๅ›ฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’่จฑๅฏใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€
09:02
permission. They will permit you. So I have my permit, so they should permit me to enter.
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ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’่จฑๅฏใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ่จฑๅฏใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็งใŒๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จฑๅฏใ™ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
09:11
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:13
And then finally for this section:
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ
09:16
a "RE-ject" is the thing in a factory, often, when things
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: ใ€Œใƒชใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ€ใจใฏ ๅทฅๅ ดๅ†…ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅทฅๅ ดใง่ฃฝๅ“
09:24
are made in a factory, sometimes things go wrong and some of the items manufactured in
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ใŒไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆ™‚ใซใฏ ๅ•้กŒใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใ€ๅทฅๅ ดใง่ฃฝ้€ ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅ“็›ฎใฎไธ€้ƒจใŒใƒ™ใƒซใƒˆ
09:33
the factory, they come along the conveyer belt, and there are people called
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ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ™ใ‚ขใซๆฒฟใฃใฆ้‹ใฐใ‚Œใฆใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ€
09:39
quality control inspectors who check to make sure every item
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ใ™ในใฆใฎ้ …็›ฎ
09:45
is right, that everything has come
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ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ€ใ™ในใฆใŒใ†ใพใใ„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ๅ“่ณช็ฎก็†ๆคœๆŸปๅฎ˜ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใŒ
09:47
out well. Sometimes, though, there's something with... It hasn't come out right; there's
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ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ ใŒ...ใ†ใพใใ„ใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:53
something missing, that's damaged, so it's a reject. So they might take it off the conveyer
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๆฌ ใ‘ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็ ดๆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ไธๅˆๆ ผใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ™ใƒซใƒˆ ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ™ใ‚ขใ‹ใ‚‰ๅค–ใ—
10:00
belt and throw it in a box, so it's a reject. There's something wrong with it. That's the
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ใฆ็ฎฑใซๆ”พใ‚Š่พผใ‚€ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ไธๅˆๆ ผใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใซใฏไฝ•ใ‹ๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ•้กŒ
10:07
thing. But the action that they do in removing it and throwing it into a box, they are "re-JECTing"
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ— ใฆ็ฎฑใซๆ”พใ‚Š่พผใ‚€ใจใ„ใ†่กŒๅ‹•ใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ†ใƒ ใ‚’ใ€Œๅ†ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ€
10:18
that item, that's the action. They reject the item.
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ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ่กŒๅ‹•ใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ†ใƒ ใ‚’ๆ‹’ๅฆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:23
So they reject the reject. Okay?
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆ‹’ๅฆใ‚’ๆ‹’ๅฆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:28
So, on that happy note, we'll move on to the second set of words. Okay.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€ใใฎใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใ„ใ“ใจ ใซใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
10:36
Okay, so moving on to our second set of words, we're looking at some changes of meaning,
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ใงใฏใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใซ็งปใ‚Š ใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
10:45
but this time, there is very little connection in the meaning from one to the other.
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ใŒใ€ไปŠๅ›žใฏใ€ไธ€ๆ–น ใ‹ใ‚‰ไป–ๆ–นใธใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎ้–ข้€ฃๆ€งใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:53
So, for example, there's one with three syllables here:
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
10:59
"IN-va-lid" and "in-VAL-id".
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ใ€ŒIN-va-lidใ€ใจใ€Œin-VAL-idใ€ใฎ 3 ใคใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ‚’ๆŒใคใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:02
Okay? So they're totally different meanings. An invalid is someone who maybe they can't walk very
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใพใฃใŸใ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ้šœๅฎณ่€…ใจใฏใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใซๆญฉใใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„
11:13
easily, they're disabled, they may use a wheelchair. An invalid, or they're maybe just temporarily
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ไบบใ€ไฝ“ใŒไธ่‡ช็”ฑใชไบบใ€่ปŠๆค…ๅญใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ็—…ไบบใ‹ใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใซ่บซๅ‹•ใใŒๅ–ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ ใ‘ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
11:23
unable to move around easily. Maybe they had an accident and they're on crutches, something
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ใ€‚ ใŸใถใ‚“ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไบ‹ๆ•…ใซ้ญใฃใฆๆพ่‘‰ๆ–ใ‚’ใคใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€
11:31
like that. So an invalid is a person who has been injured or they have difficulty moving,
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ใฟใŸใ„ใชใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็—…ไบบ ใฏๆ€ชๆˆ‘ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€็งปๅ‹•ใ‚„ๆญฉ่กŒใŒๅ›ฐ้›ฃใชไบบ
11:41
walking. Okay. So, then "in-VAL-id", that's an adjective meaning not valid. So the "in"
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œin-VAL-idใ€ ใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใง็„กๅŠนใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ€Œin
11:53
at the beginning means "not". So, if something is invalid, you cannot use it. Maybe your
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ใ€ใฏใ€Œnotใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ ใŒ็„กๅŠนใชๅ ดๅˆใฏไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ
12:02
passport, when you go to another country, you didn't notice that it was out of date,
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ใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒˆใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅˆฅใฎๅ›ฝใซ่กŒใฃใŸใจใใซ ใ€ๆœŸ้™ใŒๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใ‹ใš
12:08
the date has gone by and you forgot to renew it, and at the border control, they might say:
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ใ€ๆ—ฅไป˜ใŒ้ŽใŽใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๆ›ดๆ–ฐใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ„ ใฆใ€ๅ›ฝๅขƒ็ฎก็†ใงๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ
12:17
"I'm sorry, your passport is invalid. You can't use it. You can't come in."
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ใพใ›ใ‚“: ใ€ใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒˆใŒ็„กๅŠนใงใ™ใ€‚ ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๅ…ฅๅ›ฝใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
12:25
So, that's a completely different meaning from someone who's... Has difficulty moving around.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ โ€ฆ ็งปๅ‹•ใŒๅ›ฐ้›ฃใชไบบใจใฏใพใฃใŸใๅˆฅใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
12:34
So, "invalid", okay?
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ใ€Œ็„กๅŠนใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
12:38
Next one: "CON-tent" and "con-TENT".
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ๆฌกใฏใ€ŒCON-tentใ€ใจใ€Œcon-TENTใ€ใ€‚
12:44
Right. Now, the content of something is what is inside
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ๅณใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใƒ„ ใฏใใฎไธญใซใ‚ใ‚‹
12:48
it. If you have a box with things inside, it contains those things, so the content or
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ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธญใซ็‰ฉใŒๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹็ฎฑใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็‰ฉใŒๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅ†…ๅฎน็‰ฉใพใŸใฏ
12:56
contents with an "s". Or the content of a document, what's in the document. That's the
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ๅ†…ๅฎน็‰ฉใซใ€Œsใ€ใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏ ๆ–‡ๆ›ธใฎๅ†…ๅฎนใ€ๆ–‡ๆ›ธใฎๅ†…ๅฎนใ€‚
13:06
meaning of "content", what is in something. So that's a noun. Okay?
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใƒ„ใ€ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:13
If you are content, that's an adjective describing how you are.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆบ€่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่กจใ™ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™.
13:19
If I'm content, I'm happy, comfortable, enjoying myself.
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็งใŒๆบ€่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏๅนธใ›ใงใ€ ๅฟซ้ฉใงใ€ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:26
"I'm very content", you can say.
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๆบ€่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:28
"I'm really content just sitting here, reading a book."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ ใ“ใ“ใซๅบงใฃใฆๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆบ€่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
13:32
It's a sort of relaxed kind of meaning of happy, just content, just comfortable.
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ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€็จฎใฎใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใŸ็จฎ้กžใฎ ๅนธใ›ใ€ใŸใ ใฎๆบ€่ถณใ€ใŸใ ใฎๅฟซ้ฉใ•ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™.
13:39
Content. Okay?
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ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใƒ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:42
Now, next one: "EN-trance" and "en-TRANCE".
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆฌกใฏใ€ŒEN-tranceใ€ใจใ€Œen-TRANCEใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:49
So, entrance is a noun. The entrance to a building,
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ…ฅใ‚Šๅฃใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅปบ็‰ฉ
13:53
it's where you go in, the entrance, the front door. Entrance.
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ใฎๅ…ฅใ‚Šๅฃใ€ๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใ€็Ž„้–ข ใ€็Ž„้–ขใ€‚ ๅ…ฅๅฃใ€‚
13:57
You enter through the entrance.
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ๅ…ฅใ‚Šๅฃใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:01
So that's a noun. To entrance somebody, so that's a verb...
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’้ญ…ไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™...
14:08
"I was entranced",
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ
14:10
meaning sort of amazed by something. Hypnotized, maybe. Oh, entranced, so put into a trance.
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้ญ…ไบ†ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซ้ฉšใ„ใŸใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‚ฌ็œ ่ก“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใใ€ใ†ใฃใจใ‚Šใ€ใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใ‚น็Šถๆ…‹ใซใ€‚
14:22
If you know the word "trance", if you're in a trance, someone has hypnotized you. So to
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ใ€Œใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ ใŒใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใ‚น็Šถๆ…‹ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซๅ‚ฌ็œ ่ก“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹. ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰
14:28
be entranced or to entrance somebody, if you are the hypnotist and you entrance someone,
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ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ‚ฌ็œ ่ก“ๅธซใงใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’้ญ…ไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
14:37
you put them into a trance. So, that's the verb.
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ใใฎไบบใ‚’ใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใ‚น็Šถๆ…‹ใซ้™ฅใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
14:44
Okay, next one: "REF-use" and "re-FUSE".
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆฌกใฏใ€ŒREF-useใ€ใจใ€Œre-FUSEใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:49
The refuse is the rubbish. If you throw your refuse
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ใ”ใฟใฏใ‚ดใƒŸใงใ™ใ€‚
14:54
out once a week and into a dustbin or rubbish bin or refuse bin, and the local council,
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ใ”ใฟใ‚’้€ฑใซไธ€ๅบฆใ€ ใ”ใฟ็ฎฑใ€ใ”ใฟ็ฎฑใ€ใพใŸใฏใ”ใฟ็ฎฑใซๆจใฆใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅœฐๆ–น่ญฐไผš
15:04
the local authority come and collect it, and it goes to a place. So all the rubbish, the
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ใ€ๅœฐๆ–น่‡ชๆฒปไฝ“ใŒๆฅใฆๅŽ้›† ใ—ใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚ดใƒŸใ€
15:11
refuse. Okay? But... So that's a noun. But if you refuse something, so that's the verb,
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ใ‚ดใƒŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใ‹ใ—...ใใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ‹’ๅฆใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๆ‹’ๅฆใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
15:21
"to refuse", it's to say no to something. Right?
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใƒŽใƒผใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
15:25
"I refuse... I refuse to go out today. It's raining.
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ใ€Œๆ–ญใ‚‹โ€ฆไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๅค–ๅ‡บใ‚’ๆ–ญใ‚‹ใ€‚ ้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
15:30
I refuse. No, I'm not going."
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ๆ–ญใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ„ใ‚„ใ€่กŒใ‹ใชใ„ใ€
15:33
Refuse. Okay?
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ใ”ใฟใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
15:36
Next one: "OB-ject" and "ob-JECT".
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ๆฌกใฏใ€ŒOB-jectใ€ใจใ€Œob-JECTใ€ใ€‚
15:41
An object, so it's a noun, is a thing. This pen, here,
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ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ€ใคใพใ‚Šๅ่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€็‰ฉใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒšใƒณใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใง
15:45
is an object. There are objects everywhere, so they're nouns.
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ใฏใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฏ ใ„ใŸใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
15:50
If you object to something, so that's a verb, you're saying, again, it's a bit like "refuse",
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใซ็•ฐ่ญฐใ‚’ ๅ”ฑใˆใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๆ‹’ๅฆใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใซๅฐ‘ใ—ไผผใฆใ„
15:58
object. You disagree.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:00
You say: "No, I don't agree with that. I object."
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€็งใฏใใ‚ŒใซๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅๅฏพใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
16:04
If you are at a meeting and they have made
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไผš่ญฐใซๅ‡บๅธญใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ
16:06
a decision or they want to do something that you don't like, you say:
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ๆฑบๅฎšใ‚’ไธ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚Š ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
16:11
"No, I object to that. I don't want that to happen." Okay.
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ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใซๅๅฏพใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚็งใฏ ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚ŠใŸใใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
16:18
"Des-ert" and "des-ERT".
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ใ€Œใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใ€ใจใ€Œใƒ‡ใ‚นERTใ€ใ€‚
16:21
So... So, the desert, a noun, is like a Sahara Desert, huge, hot
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ ็ ‚ๆผ ใฏใ‚ตใƒใƒฉ็ ‚ๆผ ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ๅทจๅคงใงๆš‘ใ„
16:28
area that's just sand, no water. The desert. In the desert. Okay? So that's the noun.
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ๅœฐๅŸŸใงใ€็ ‚ใ ใ‘ใงๆฐดใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็ ‚ๆผ ใ€‚ ็ ‚ๆผ ใงใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
16:37
To desert, so it's a verb, if you desert somebody... So, I was with my friend, shopping, and she
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่ฆ‹ๆจใฆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ๆจใฆใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ ใ€็งใฏๅ‹้”ใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่ฒทใ„็‰ฉ
16:46
saw somebody else she knew and she deserted me and went off with this other friend, so
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ใ‚’ใ— ใฆใ„ใพใ—
16:53
I was deserted. So, if you desert somebody,
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ใŸใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ๆจใฆ
16:57
you leave them alone and go somewhere else instead. Okay.
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ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๆ”พใฃใฆใŠใ„ใฆใ€ ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซๅˆฅใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ่กŒใใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
17:05
Then finally: "CON-sole" and "con-SOLE",
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€ŒCON-soleใ€ใจใ€Œcon-SOLEใ€
17:10
so this is a noun, the console is usually, it's
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ฝใƒผใƒซใฏ้€šๅธธใ€
17:13
a machine where you're looking at a screen, maybe a computer and a keyboard, and controls
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็”ป้ขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใƒžใ‚ทใƒณใ€ ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใจใ‚ญใƒผใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒญใƒผใƒซ
17:21
and things that you press, buttons. The console, it's a sort of control, a place where you
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ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ฝใƒผใƒซ ใฏไธ€็จฎใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒญใƒผใƒซใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅˆถๅพกใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€
17:27
control something. The console.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ฝใƒผใƒซใ€‚
17:33
If you console someone, so it's a verb, to console someone
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่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๆ…ฐใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๆ…ฐใ‚ใ‚‹
17:37
is when somebody is upset, unhappy, something bad has happened to them, and so you console
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ใจใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒๅ‹•ๆบใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไธๅนธใ ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ ๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใจใใงใ™ใ€‚
17:45
them by maybe put your arm around them, say:
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17:48
"Don't worry, it'll be okay."
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
17:51
Try to make them feel better and sympathize with them. You're consoling them.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใ‚’่‰ฏใใ— ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆ…ฐใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:57
Okay, so I hope that's helpful. And there's a list, here, there are lots more words. I
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใฎใงใ€ใŠๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฆใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใซใฏใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹
18:04
found all the words I could where this kind of thing happens.
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ๅ ดๆ‰€ใง็งใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
18:09
There isn't time in the lesson to go into all of these,
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
18:13
but I've specially written a resource document which is on the
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ใŒใ€www.engvid.com Web ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒชใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚น ใƒ‰ใ‚ญใƒฅใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’็‰นๅˆฅใซไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ“ใฎ ใƒ‰ใ‚ญใƒฅใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใฏใ€
18:20
www.engvid.com website where all of this is explained. Okay?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ ใ™ในใฆใŒ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
18:27
And there is also a quiz in there that you can do.
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ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
18:32
So please go to the resource sheet, look at all the explanations.
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ใƒชใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚น ใ‚ทใƒผใƒˆใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใ€ ใ™ในใฆใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
18:37
You might want to download it on to your computer, print it out.
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ใƒ‘ใ‚ฝใ‚ณใƒณใซใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ— ใ€ๅฐๅˆทใ—ใฆใ”ๅˆฉ็”จใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ้•ใ„ใจ
18:42
It should be a very useful thing to know the differences between these words, and with the different stresses.
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ใ€็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅผทๅ‹ขใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใใ“ใจใฏ้žๅธธใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใฏใšใงใ™ ใ€‚
18:51
So, please go to the website: www.engvid.com to the resource sheet, which includes a quiz,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚น ใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ใƒชใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚น ใ‚ทใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๅ‚็…งใ—ใฆ
18:57
and if you'd like to subscribe to my YouTube channel, I hope you'll do that, too.
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚็งใฎ YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ— ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‚ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:04
And look forward to seeing you again as soon as possible. Okay?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใใพใŸใŠไผšใ„ใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
19:09
Bye for now.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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