British English Pronunciation: Glottal T vs Hard T | Learn English with Cambridge

24,512 views ใƒป 2019-08-25

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ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:09
Hello, everyone.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€‚
00:10
My nameโ€™s George,
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็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ธ
00:11
and today weโ€™re going to learn a bit
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ
00:12
about British pronunciation.
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‘ใ—ๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚
00:15
First of all,
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00:15
have a look at these words and think about
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ใพใšใ€
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ
00:18
how you pronounce them.
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ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:20
At school, you probably learnt bitter,
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ๅญฆๆ กใงใฏใ€ ใŠใใ‚‰ใใƒ“ใ‚ฟใƒผใ€
00:23
butter, water, bottle.
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ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ๆฐดใ€ใƒœใƒˆใƒซใ‚’็ฟ’ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:26
This /t/ sound is called the hard T,
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ใ“ใฎ /t/ ใฎ้Ÿณ ใฏใƒใƒผใƒ‰ T ใจๅ‘ผใฐ
00:30
but in the UK,
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ใ‚Œใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใง
00:31
we have two different ways of pronouncing the T.
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ใฏ T ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซใฏ 2 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:34
Have a listen to how this man pronounces the same words.
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ใ“ใฎ็”ทๆ€งใŒๅŒใ˜ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
00:39
Today, Iโ€™m going to pronounce four different words.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€ 4 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:43
Bitter, butter, water, bottle.
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ใƒ“ใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ๆฐดใ€ใƒœใƒˆใƒซใ€‚
00:56
That was excellent.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
00:57
This T sound is called the glottal T,
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ใ“ใฎ T ใฎ้Ÿณใฏ ๅฃฐ้–€ Tใ€
01:00
or the glottal T,
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ใพใŸใฏๅฃฐ้–€ T
01:01
and itโ€™s used across the UK.
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ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œ ใ€่‹ฑๅ›ฝไธญใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:03
So how can we make it?
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ใงใฏใ€ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:05
Itโ€™s produced in your throat, or throat.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅ–‰ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅ–‰ใง็”Ÿๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
01:09
So letโ€™s compare that word, throat, with throw.
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ใงใฏใ€ใ‚นใƒญใƒผใƒˆใจใ‚นใƒญใƒผใƒˆใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
01:13
Throw has a nice O sound.
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ใ‚นใƒญใƒผใฏOใฎ้ŸณใŒใ„ใ„ใ€‚
01:15
Throw.
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01:15
But when we say throat,
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ๆŠ•ใ’ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใฎใฉใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใฏใ€
01:18
we stop that O sound with our throat.
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ใใฎOใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ใฎใฉใงๆญขใ‚ ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:21
Throat.
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01:21
Oat.
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ๅ–‰ใ€‚
ใ‚จใƒณใƒใ‚ฏใ€‚
01:22
Oat.
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ใ‚จใƒณใƒใ‚ฏใ€‚
01:24
Throat.
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ๅ–‰ใ€‚
01:25
Throw, throat, throat.
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ใ‚นใƒญใƒผใ€ใ‚นใƒญใƒผใƒˆใ€ใ‚นใƒญใƒผใƒˆใ€‚
01:27
Nowadays, British people tend to use both glottal Ts
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็พๅœจใ€่‹ฑๅ›ฝไบบ ใฏๅฃฐ้–€ T
01:30
and hard Ts when they speak,
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ใจใƒใƒผใƒ‰ T ใฎไธกๆ–นใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๅ‚พๅ‘
01:32
but there are still
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฃฐ้–€ T ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซใฏใ€ใพใ 
01:33
some rules for when you canโ€™t use glottal Ts.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
01:36
For example, listen to how this person incorrectly
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ“ใฎไบบ
01:39
pronounces the word taste.
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ใŒใ€Œๅ‘ณใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้–“้•ใฃใฆ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:41
And what are you going to do for us today?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ็งใŸใกใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:44
Iโ€™m going to pronounce one word.
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1ๅ˜่ชž็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:47
Ace.
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ใ‚จใƒผใ‚นใ€‚
01:55
Iโ€™m sorry, Geoff,
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็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ•ใ€
01:56
but it seems that youโ€™ve pronounced taste incorrectly.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ‘ณใ‚’้–“้•ใฃใฆ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ ใ€‚
02:00
Rule number one :
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ใƒซใƒผใƒซใใฎ 1 :
02:01
donโ€™t start a word with a glottal T.
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ๅ˜่ชž ใ‚’ๅฃฐ้–€ T ใงๅง‹ใ‚
02:04
So for example, you canโ€™t say aste.
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ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€aste ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:06
It doesnโ€™t work.
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ใ†ใพใใ„ใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:08
You need to use a hard T. You need to say taste.
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ใƒใƒผใƒ‰Tใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ‘ณใ‚’่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:12
Rule number two:
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ใƒซใƒผใƒซ 2: ็„กๅฃฐๅฎšๆ•ฐใฎๅพŒใซ
02:13
donโ€™t use a glottal T after an unvoiced constant.
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ๅฃฐ้–€ T ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
02:17
So in the case of taste, /s/ is unvoiced
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ๅ‘ณใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ /s/ ใ‚’็™บใ—
02:21
because you canโ€™t feel the vibration in your throat
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ใŸใจใใซ ๅ–‰ใฎๆŒฏๅ‹•ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ
02:25
when you make a /s/ sound.
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ใงใใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€/s/ ใฏ็„กๅฃฐใงใ™ใ€‚
02:28
Whereas, if you make a /z/ sound, /z/,
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ไธ€ๆ–น ใ€/z/ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใจใ€/z/ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๆŒฏๅ‹•
02:31
you can feel the vibration, here.
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ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:34
So itโ€™s taste.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
02:35
Itโ€™s not essential to use the glottal T,
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ๅฃฐ้–€ T ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๅฟ…้ ˆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็‰นใซ่‹ฑๅ›ฝใซๆฅใฆใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใจ่ฉฑใ™ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅฃฐ้–€ T ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃ
02:38
but it is useful to be aware of it,
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ใฆใŠใใจไพฟๅˆฉใงใ™
02:40
particularly when you come to the UK and you talk
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02:43
to native speakers.
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ใ€‚
02:45
Anyway, thatโ€™s all we have time for today.
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ“ใ“ใพใงใงใ™ใ€‚
02:46
If you enjoyed the lesson,
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ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ‹•็”ปใซใ€Œใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผใ€
02:48
please like the video and subscribe to the channel.
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ใจใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ็™ป้Œฒใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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