Free English Lesson! Topic: Cheating, Lying, and Stealing! โš–๏ธ๐Ÿ‘ซ๐ŸŒ๏ธ (Lesson Only)

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2024-03-24 ใƒป Learn English with Bob the Canadian


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Free English Lesson! Topic: Cheating, Lying, and Stealing! โš–๏ธ๐Ÿ‘ซ๐ŸŒ๏ธ (Lesson Only)

42,479 views ใƒป 2024-03-24

Learn English with Bob the Canadian


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Well, hello and welcome to
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
00:01
this English lesson about cheating.
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ไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:04
More broadly, this is a lesson on lying
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจๅบƒใ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜˜
00:07
and cheating and a little bit on stealing.
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ใจใ”ใพใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ—ใฆๅฐ‘ใ—ใฎ็ชƒ็›—ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
00:10
In English, we often use all three words together.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ 3 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใ™ในใฆไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:14
They mean slightly different things.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:16
But people who lie, cheat, and
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ€้จ™ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€
00:18
steal are not very nice people.
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็›—ใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใฏใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ„ใ„ไบบใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใˆใฆ
00:21
Although I dare say most of you at one point
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่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฏไบบ็”Ÿใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚็‚นใงใ€
00:25
in your life maybe cheated on something in school.
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ๅญฆๆ กใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ซใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
00:29
Maybe.
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00:29
I'm not saying you did, but it's possible.
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ๅคšๅˆ†ใ€‚
ใ‚„ใฃใŸใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:32
Human beings like to sometimes take the easy way.
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ไบบ้–“ใฏๆ™‚ใซใฏๆฅฝใช้“ใ‚’้ธใณใŸใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:37
Sometimes they like to, instead of doing it the
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ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚„ใ‚‹ในใๆ–นๆณ•ใง่กŒใ†ใฎใงใฏใชใ
00:40
way you're supposed to, they like to cheat a
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ใ€
00:42
little bit or take a little shortcut.
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚บใƒซใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—่ฟ‘้“ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฅฝใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
00:44
I'll talk about both of those words in just a
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ไธกๆ–นใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๅพŒใปใฉ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™
00:47
moment, but welcome to this English lesson about cheating.
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ใŒใ€ไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:51
I noticed the picture is covering
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ๅ†™็œŸใŒ G ใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘้š ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸ
00:53
the letter G just slightly.
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ใ€‚
00:54
Sorry about that.
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ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:56
I should have fixed that.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’็›ดใ™ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€‚
00:57
But I think you can tell that it ends in a g.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€gใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:00
So welcome to this English lesson about cheating.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
01:03
To cheat.
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ใ‚ซใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
01:04
So this is a very broad term.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๅน…ๅบƒใ„็”จ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
01:07
The verb to cheat can be used to
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ไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใ“ใจใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ™ใฎใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™
01:09
refer to a number of different things.
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ใ€‚
01:12
Probably the most common for me would be to think
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใ็งใซใจใฃใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใฎใฏใ€
01:16
about a student who cheats on a test or a
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ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงใ‚ซใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹็”Ÿๅพ’ใ‚„ใ€
01:19
student at school that cheats on their work.
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ๅญฆๆ กใงๅ‹‰ๅผทใงใ‚ซใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹็”Ÿๅพ’ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๆตฎใ‹ในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:22
So when you cheat at school, it means instead of
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅญฆๆ กใงใ‚ซใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€
01:26
writing the answers down because you have memorized them, you
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆš—่จ˜ใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใจใ„ใฃใฆๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€
01:30
maybe put them on a little piece of paper, or
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ๅฐใ•ใช็ด™ใซๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ€
01:32
you write them on your hand or arm, or you
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ๆ‰‹ใ‚„่…•ใซๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ€
01:35
try to look at someone else's paper.
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ไป–ใฎไบบใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ด™ใ€‚
01:37
So when you cheat, it means you don't
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ซใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€
01:40
do the work you're supposed to at school.
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ๅญฆๆ กใงใ‚„ใ‚‹ในใไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:42
It can also mean if you're playing a game
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ใพใŸใ€่ชฐใ‹ใจใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
01:44
with someone, instead of following the rules, you break
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ใ€ใƒซใƒผใƒซใซๅพ“ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€
01:48
the rules when no one is looking.
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่ชฐใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใใซใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’็ ดใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:50
So sometimes when you play cards with someone,
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใจใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใŒ
01:53
they might keep a card up their sleeve.
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ใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’้š ใ—ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:55
No, I don't think anyone actually does that.
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ใ„ใ‚„ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใฏใ„ใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:57
But you can also cheat at games.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใงไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:00
You can also cheat in a relationship, and I'll
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ๆ‹ๆ„›้–ขไฟ‚ใซใŠใ„ใฆๆตฎๆฐ—ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
02:02
talk about that a bit later as well.
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ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๅพŒใปใฉ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:05
But the general term to cheat refers to.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ™็ท็งฐใ€‚
02:09
Let me see, I'm trying to think of the opposite.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€็งใฏ้€†ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:11
It's the opposite of good, nice, kind behavior.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ€็ด ๆ•ตใชใ€่ฆชๅˆ‡ใช่กŒๅ‹•ใจใฏๆญฃๅๅฏพใงใ™ใ€‚
02:15
It's like behavior where you're trying to.
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ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹่กŒๅ‹•ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
02:20
Yeah, you didn't do the work, but you're trying
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ใใ†ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใซใ€
02:23
to make it look like you did the work.
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ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
02:26
So one way that you can cheat, and by the
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ไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€
02:29
way, the reason I'm doing this lesson is I read
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ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€็งใŒใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใฏใ€
02:32
an article about someone cheating while running a marathon.
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ใƒžใƒฉใ‚ฝใƒณใ‚’่ตฐใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ่ชฐใ‹ใŒไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใ‚’ใ—ใŸใจใ„ใ†่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:36
So when you run a race, if you
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒฌใƒผใ‚นใ‚’่ตฐใ‚‹ใจใใซ
02:39
take a shortcut, that would be considered cheating.
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่ฟ‘้“ใ‚’ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใจใฟใชใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
02:42
So a shortcut would mean if you have to run to the
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใƒˆใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใจใฏใ€้€šใ‚Šใฎ็ซฏใพใง่ตฐใฃใฆใ€ๆŒฏใ‚Š่ฟ”ใฃใฆๆˆปใฃใฆใ“ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
02:45
end of the street and then turn around and come back.
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ใ€‚
02:48
You only run halfway, and then you turn around and come
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้€”ไธญใพใงใ—ใ‹่ตฐใ‚‰ใšใ€ๆŒฏใ‚Š่ฟ”ใฃใฆ
02:50
back and you say that you ran the whole way.
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ๆˆปใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใง่ตฐใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
02:53
The article I read about someone cheating in the
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็งใŒ่ชญใ‚“ใ ใƒžใƒฉใ‚ฝใƒณๅคงไผšใงใฎไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใงใฏ
02:56
marathon, they actually ran part of the marathon, and
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ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใƒžใƒฉใ‚ฝใƒณใฎไธ€้ƒจใ‚’่ตฐใ‚Šใ€
03:00
then they took a city bus for part of
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ใใฎๅพŒใƒžใƒฉใ‚ฝใƒณใฎไธ€้ƒจใงๅธ‚ใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใ‚Š
03:03
the marathon and then got off.
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ใ€ใใฎๅพŒ้™ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:05
By the way, a marathon is a 26 miles competitive run.
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ใกใชใฟใซใ€ใƒžใƒฉใ‚ฝใƒณใจใฏ26ใƒžใ‚คใƒซใ‚’็ซถใ†็ซถๆŠ€ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:10
So obviously, if you take a bus during a
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒžใƒฉใ‚ฝใƒณไธญใซใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซ
03:13
marathon, that would be cheating, but the more specific
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ไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€
03:18
term would be to take a shortcut to copy.
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ใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ่ฟ‘้“ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:22
So when you cheat at school by looking at someone
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅญฆๆ กใง
03:25
else's paper or someone else's test, we call this copying.
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ไป–ไบบใฎใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚„ไป–ไบบใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ‚ซใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚
03:30
Sometimes when you are writing a quiz, okay, not you.
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ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:34
Sometimes when some people are writing quizzes,
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ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใŒใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
03:37
they don't know the answer, and so
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็ญ”ใˆใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใšใ€
03:40
they copy from the person beside them.
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้šฃใฎไบบใ‹ใ‚‰ๆ›ธใๅ†™ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:42
They look over their shoulder and they look at,
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่‚ฉ่ถŠใ—ใซ็›ฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ
03:46
okay, what do they have for number one?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใƒŠใƒณใƒใƒผใƒฏใƒณใซใฏไฝ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†๏ผŸใ€ใจ่ฆ‹ใคใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:47
And then they write it down.
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ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:49
What do they have for number two?
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ2ไฝใซไฝ•ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:50
And then they write it down.
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ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:51
So when you cheat at school, we
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅญฆๆ กใงใ‚ซใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ€
03:54
generally refer to it as copying.
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ไธ€่ˆฌใซใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚
03:57
We also call it cheating, of course.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใจใ‚‚ๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚
04:00
So the official term in
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅญฆ่ก“็š„ใชๅ ดใงใฎๆญฃๅผใช็”จ่ชžใฏ
04:03
an academic setting is plagiarism.
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็›—ไฝœใงใ™ใ€‚
04:06
The verb is to plagiarize.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ็›—ไฝœใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
04:09
So when you copy another student's
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไป–ใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใฎไฝœๅ“ใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’
04:12
work, we just call it copying.
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ใ€ๅ˜ใซใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚
04:14
But when you go on the Internet and you
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆไธŠใงใ€
04:17
take someone else's words and sentences and paragraphs and
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ไป–ไบบใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ€ๆ–‡็ซ ใ€ๆฎต่ฝใ‚’็›—็”จใ—ใ€
04:22
you put them into a school assignment and say
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅญฆๆ กใฎ่ชฒ้กŒใซๅ–ใ‚Šๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ€ไป–ไบบใ‹ใ‚‰็›—ใ‚“ใ 
04:25
you wrote those words even though you took them
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ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใงๆ›ธใ„ใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ๅ ดๅˆใ€
04:28
from someone else, we call that plagiarism.
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็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็›—ไฝœใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚
04:31
We say that you have plagiarized.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็›—ไฝœใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:33
You have decided to take someone else's
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไป–ไบบใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใฆใ€
04:36
writing and say that you wrote it.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒๆ›ธใ„ใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:39
Not a very good idea.
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:41
This is very serious.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๆทฑๅˆปใงใ™ใ€‚
04:43
In school, if you are caught plagiarizing,
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ๅญฆๆ กใงใฏใ€็›—ไฝœใŒ่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€
04:46
it goes on your permanent record.
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ๆฐธไน…่จ˜้Œฒใซๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:48
And I think in most schools, if you plagiarize
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅญฆๆ กใงใฏใ€
04:51
more than once, you might get kicked out.
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่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅ›ž็›—ไฝœใ‚’ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€้€€ๅญฆใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:53
In some schools, if you plagiarize
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ๅญฆๆ กใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€
04:55
once, you could get kicked out.
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ไธ€ๅบฆใงใ‚‚็›—ไฝœใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ†ใจ้€€ๅญฆใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:57
So don't take other people's writing and
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไป–ไบบใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’้ตœๅ‘‘ใฟใซใ—ใฆใ€
05:00
say that it is your own. Don't use the.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใฏไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:02
That's why I have the copy.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:03
Paste sentence or images here.
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ใ“ใ“ใซๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚„็”ปๅƒใ‚’่ฒผใ‚Šไป˜ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:06
Don't go and find something and copy and
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผ๏ผ†
05:08
paste it and say that you wrote it.
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ใƒšใƒผใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใŸใจ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:12
Not a good thing to falsify.
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ๆ”นใ–ใ‚“ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:15
So I falsified this award.
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ใใ‚Œใง็งใฏใ“ใฎ่ณžใ‚’ๅฝ้€ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:18
I falsified this award last night.
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็งใฏๆ˜จๅคœใ“ใฎ่ณžใ‚’ๅฝ้€ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:20
I found a template for world's best teacher, and
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ไธ–็•Œไธ€ใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฎใƒ†ใƒณใƒ—ใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใฎใงใ€
05:24
I put my name on it with the date.
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ใใ“ใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅๅ‰ใจๆ—ฅไป˜ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:26
I put it really far in the future
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05:28
because maybe I will win this award.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰็งใŒใ“ใฎ่ณžใ‚’ๅ—่ณžใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚Š้ ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:30
I don't think so.
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็งใฏใใ†ใฏๆ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใ€‚
05:31
But when you falsify something, we
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ”นใ–ใ‚“ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
05:34
are usually talking about documents.
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้€šๅธธใฏๆ–‡ๆ›ธใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:37
Maybe someone claims they're a doctor,
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฏๅŒปๅธซใ ใจไธปๅผตใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใซใ€
05:39
but they falsified their diploma.
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ๅ’ๆฅญ่จผๆ›ธใ‚’ๅฝ้€ ใ—ใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:42
They just made it themselves.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใŸใกใงไฝœใฃใŸใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:44
Maybe you are applying for a
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไป•ไบ‹ใซๅฟœๅ‹Ÿใ—ใฆใ„ใฆ
05:46
job and you falsify the documents.
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ใ€ๆ›ธ้กžใ‚’ๅฝ้€ ใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:49
So you create documents that are not true.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใชใ„ๆ–‡ๆ›ธใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:53
You say, oh, I won best teacher in Portugal in 2023.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€็งใฏ 2023 ๅนดใซใƒใƒซใƒˆใ‚ฌใƒซใงๆœ€ๅ„ช็ง€ๆ•™ๅธซ่ณžใ‚’ๅ—่ณžใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:58
Here's my award.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎ่ณžใงใ™ใ€‚
06:00
But it's simply something that you made.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใซใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝœใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
06:02
You didn't actually get the award.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ่ณžใ‚’ๅ—่ณžใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:04
We would say that you have falsified that document.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใฎๆ–‡ๆ›ธใ‚’ๆ”นใ–ใ‚“ใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:08
So even the signature down here, I falsified that.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹็ฝฒๅใ•ใˆใ‚‚ใ€็งใŒๆ”นใ–ใ‚“ใ—ใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
06:12
It's not my real signature.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:14
So when you create a document yourself and
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใงๆ–‡ๆ›ธใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใ€
06:17
make it look like a real official document,
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆœฌ็‰ฉใฎๅ…ฌๅผๆ–‡ๆ›ธใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใฏใ€
06:20
we would use the verb falsify.
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ๅ‹•่ฉž falsify ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:23
And then in court, I hope this
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ใใ—ใฆๆณ•ๅปทใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ
06:25
isn't someone from an actual news article.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚น่จ˜ไบ‹ใฎไบบ็‰ฉใงใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็ฅˆใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:27
But in court, if you say you saw something
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆณ•ๅปทใงใ€
06:33
that didn't actually happen, we call that false testimony.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่™šๅฝ่จผ่จ€ใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚
06:37
If I see an accident and my friend drives into
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ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒไบ‹ๆ•…ใ‚’็›ฎๆ’ƒใ—ใ€็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใŒ
06:42
someone else's car, and then I go to court and
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ไป–ไบบใฎ่ปŠใซ็ชใฃ่พผใ‚“ใ ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€็งใŒๆณ•ๅปทใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œ
06:45
say, no, the other person drove into my friend, it's
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ใ„ใ‚„ใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใŒ็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใซ่ปŠใง็ชใฃ่พผใ‚“ใ ใฎใฏ็›ธๆ‰‹ใฎใ›ใ„ใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰
06:48
the other person's fault, that would be false testimony.
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่™šๅฝ่จผ่จ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:52
This is also a bad thing to do.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:54
You can go to jail, I think, if you lie in court.
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ๆณ•ๅปทใงๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅˆ‘ๅ‹™ๆ‰€ใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:57
But we would call that false testimony.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฝใ‚Šใฎ่จผ่จ€ใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚
06:59
When you go to court and you lie about
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ๆณ•ๅปทใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€
07:02
what you saw, it's better to go and tell
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใ„ใŸใจใใ€ใ”ใพใ‹ใ™ใŸใ‚ใฎ่จผไบบใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€่กŒใฃใฆ็œŸๅฎŸใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใŸใปใ†ใŒใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
07:05
the truth if you are a witness to fudge.
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ใ€‚
07:10
So this is kind of a funny one.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ้ข็™ฝใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’
07:13
Often when you play a sport where you write
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ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ
07:17
down your own score, sometimes the people you're playing
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ใ€ไธ€็ท’ใซใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ
07:21
with might fudge their score a little bit.
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ใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ”ใพใ‹ใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:23
When you fudge your score, it means, like, if you're playing
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ใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ใ”ใพใ‹ใ™ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ดใƒซใƒ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€
07:26
golf and it took you five hits to get the ball
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ใƒœใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใซ5ๆ‰“ใ‹ใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ—ใฆ
07:30
in, you hit the ball from the tee, and you hit
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ใ€ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒœใƒผใƒซใ‚’โ€‹โ€‹ๆ‰“ใกใ€
07:33
it three times on the fairway, and then you putted once
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ใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚ขใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚คใง3ๅ›žๆ‰“ใฃใฆใ€ใใฎๅพŒใ€ ใ‚ฐใƒชใƒผใƒณใซไน—ใ›ใŸใฎใฏ1ๅ›žใง
07:37
on the green, and it was five total shots.
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ใ€ๅˆ่จˆ5ใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒˆใ ใฃใŸใ€‚
07:40
And then you go and you write four on it.
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ใใ—ใฆใใ“ใซ4ใคๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:44
We would say that you are fudging your golf score.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ดใƒซใƒ•ใฎใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ใ”ใพใ‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:48
So you're cheating a little bit,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้จ™ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€
07:50
you're lying a little bit.
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:52
You see how cheating and lying are
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ไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใจๅ˜˜ใฏ
07:54
kind of similar, but sometimes people will
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ไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€
07:58
fudge their golf score a little bit.
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ใ‚ดใƒซใƒ•ใฎใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ”ใพใ‹ใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:59
So depending on what your friends are like, you might want
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‹้”ใฎๆ€งๆ ผใซใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅ‹้”ใŒ
08:03
to keep an eye on them when they write their score
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ใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๆ›ธใๅ‡บใ™ใจใใซใ€
08:06
down to make sure they're not fudging their score.
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ใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ใ”ใพใ‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็›ฃ่ฆ–ใ—ใŸใปใ†ใŒใ‚ˆใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:09
And by the way, I see someone say,
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ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ€Œ
08:11
oh, Hafia says, I love to eat fudge.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใƒใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใŒ่จ€ใ†ใซใฏใ€็งใฏใƒ•ใ‚กใƒƒใ‚ธใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‹ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:13
Fudge is actually a food as well.
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ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒƒใ‚ธใ‚‚ๅฎŸใฏ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ ‚็ณ–ใจใ‚ณใƒณใƒ‡ใƒณใ‚นใƒŸใƒซใ‚ฏใชใฉใง
08:15
A very sweet, sweet, yummy food made
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ไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚็”˜ใใฆใŠใ„ใ—ใ„้ฃŸใน็‰ฉ
08:19
from, like, sugar and condensed milk.
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ใ€‚
08:21
Very yummy.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚็พŽๅ‘ณใ—ใ„ใ€‚
08:23
So this is a big one.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅคงใใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
08:25
This is a little tricky to talk about because I like to
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็งใฏ
08:28
keep my lessons safe for work, safe to use in school.
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ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚„ๅญฆๆ กใงๅฎ‰ๅ…จใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:31
But when you are in a romantic relationship,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆ‹ๆ„›้–ขไฟ‚ใซใชใ‚‹ใจ
08:35
you will have a physical relationship as well.
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่‚‰ไฝ“้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚‚ใคใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:38
You will sleep together, and sometimes one of
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไธ€็ท’ใซๅฏใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏ
08:41
the partners will sleep with someone else.
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ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆใƒŠใƒผใฎไธ€ๆ–นใŒไป–ใฎไบบใจๅฏใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:44
And we call that cheating.
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚
08:46
The formal term is adultery.
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ๆญฃๅผใช็”จ่ชžใฏไธๅ€ซใงใ™ใ€‚
08:48
Adultery is when, if you're married to someone and
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ไธๅ€ซใจใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใจ็ตๅฉšใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใใฎ
08:52
one of the people in the marriage goes and
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ๅฉšๅงป้–ขไฟ‚่€…ใฎไธ€ๆ–นใŒ
08:54
has sex, like sleeps with someone else.
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ไป–ใฎไบบใจๅฏใ‚‹ใชใฉใฎใ‚ปใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
08:57
We call that adultery, but the more
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็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธๅ€ซใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š
08:59
common word would be to say cheat.
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่จ€่‘‰ใฏๆตฎๆฐ—ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:02
He's cheating on his wife,
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ๅฝผใฏๅฆปใ‚’่ฃๅˆ‡ใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
09:04
she's cheating on her husband.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใ‚‚ๅคซใ‚’่ฃๅˆ‡ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
09:06
It means they've gone outside of the relationship
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใฎๅค–ใซๅ‡บใฆใ€
09:09
and are getting physical intimacy from another person.
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ไป–ใฎไบบใ‹ใ‚‰่‚‰ไฝ“็š„ใช่ฆชๅฏ†ใ•ใ‚’ๅพ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:13
So the official term adultery, but the
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆญฃๅผใซใฏไธๅ€ซใจใ„ใ†็”จ่ชžใงใ™ใŒใ€
09:16
more common way to describe this would
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€
09:18
be that someone is cheating on someone.
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ใ ใพใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
09:21
So in this picture, he might think
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ†™็œŸใงใฏใ€ๅฝผใฏๅฆปใŒ็œ ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
09:23
his wife is asleep, and then it
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09:25
looks like maybe he's texting another woman.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใๅˆฅใฎๅฅณๆ€งใซใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’้€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
09:27
I don't know.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
09:28
I don't know the details.
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่ฉณ็ดฐใฏๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:29
Anyways, adultery and cheating to cut corners.
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ใจใซใ‹ใๆ‰‹ใ‚’ๆŠœใไธๅ€ซใจๆตฎๆฐ—ใ€‚
09:35
So this happens in construction.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅปบ่จญไธญใซใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:37
Sometimes this can happen on large projects.
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ๅคง่ฆๆจกใชใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:41
In order to save money, people might not
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ไบบใ€…ใฏใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็ฏ€็ด„ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝœใฃใŸใ‚Šไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€
09:45
use the right materials or the proper methods
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้ฉๅˆ‡ใชๆๆ–™ใ‚„้ฉๅˆ‡ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’
09:49
when they're building something or doing something, and
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09:52
we say that they are cutting corners.
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ๆ‰‹ๆŠœใใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:54
They do this to save money.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็ฏ€็ด„ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:56
There was recently a building close to me
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ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€็งใฎ่ฟ‘ใใซใ€ๅปบ่จญไผš็คพใŒๆ‰‹ๆŠœใใ‚’ใ—ใŸๅปบ็‰ฉใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
09:59
where the company building it cut corners.
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ใ€‚
10:04
They kind of cheated a little
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้จ™ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€
10:05
bit and lied a little bit.
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใ„ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:07
And then the building started to fall over.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅปบ็‰ฉใŒๅ€’ใ‚Œๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:09
Yes, that even happens in Canada.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใงใ‚‚่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:11
Buildings sometimes under construction
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ๅปบ่จญไธญใฎๅปบ็‰ฉใŒ
10:14
start to fall over.
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ๅ€’ใ‚Œๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:15
So when you cut corners, you're cheating a little bit.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆ‰‹ๆŠœใใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:19
You're trying to make money by not using
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10:23
the proper materials or maybe just not using
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้ฉๅˆ‡ใชๆๆ–™ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ›ใšใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ
10:27
the right method for what you are doing.
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ้ฉๅˆ‡ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็จผใ”ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:30
Forgery.
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ๅฝ้€ ใ€‚
10:31
So sometimes people will forge documents.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๆ–‡ๆ›ธใ‚’ๅฝ้€ ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:35
Now, I talked about falsifying documents.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆ–‡ๆ›ธๆ”นใ–ใ‚“ใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:39
Forging documents is similar, but usually you
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ๆ–‡ๆ›ธใฎๅฝ้€ ใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใงใ™ใŒใ€้€šๅธธใฏ
10:42
forge things that are more important.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้‡่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅฝ้€ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:45
So I might falsify documents, but
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ›ธ้กžใ‚’ๅฝ้€ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
10:48
I might forge a new passport.
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๅฝ้€ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:50
I might find a really nice painting in the world
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ไธ–็•Œไธญใงๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„็ตต็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใ€
10:53
and use my elite painting skills to create a forgery.
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ใ‚จใƒชใƒผใƒˆ็ตต็”ปใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ่ด‹ไฝœใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:57
I might forge it.
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ๅฝ้€ ใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚็Ÿฅใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:58
So it's basically more like lying in paper form.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏ็ด™ใฎๅฝขใงๆจชใŸใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
11:04
If I got a US passport and tried to put
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ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒ็ฑณๅ›ฝใฎใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ—ใฆใ€
11:06
my picture into it, I would be forging documents.
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ใใ“ใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๆ›ธ้กžใ‚’ๅฝ้€ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
11:10
And that is highly illegal as well.
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ้•ๆณ•ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:13
Again, you can see how this lesson is a
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒใ€
11:15
little bit about lying and cheating and activity that
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ๅ˜˜ใ‚„ใ”ใพใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ—ใฆๆจช้ ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ
11:21
I think isn't helpful in the world to embezzle.
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ไธ–ใฎไธญใงๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใŸใชใ„ใจ็งใŒ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๆดปๅ‹•ใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘ๆ‰ฑใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:26
So when you embezzle, this is a
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆจช้ ˜ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
11:29
form of theft that happens at work.
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่ทๅ ดใง็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ไธ€็จฎใฎ็ชƒ็›—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:33
So someone who embezzles steals money
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆจช้ ˜ใ‚’ใ—ใŸไบบใฏใ€
11:37
from the place they work.
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ๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‹ใ‚‰ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็›—ใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
11:39
So they either submit false documents saying they did
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ใใ“ใงๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†่™šๅฝใฎๆ›ธ้กžใ‚’ๆๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ€
11:44
work, that they didn't do, so the company pays
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ไผš็คพใŒ
11:46
them for it, or they take money directly from
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ใใฎไปฃ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใ‹ใ€ใƒฌใ‚ธใ‹ใ‚‰็›ดๆŽฅใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ‹
11:50
the cash register, or if they're in charge of
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ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ็ตŒ็†ๆ‹…ๅฝ“่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚Œ
11:54
the accounting, if they're in charge of keeping track
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ใฐใ€ใใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:57
of money spent and money earned, they might create
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่ฒปใ‚„ใ—ใŸใŠ้‡‘ใจ็จผใ„ใ ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฟฝ่ทกใ™ใ‚‹่ฒฌไปปใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใŠ้‡‘ใฎ
12:00
like a little system where they get some of
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ไธ€้ƒจใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚Š
12:04
the money and it goes to their personal account.
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ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅ€‹ไบบๅฃๅบงใซ้€ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฐใ•ใชใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:06
So there are a number of ways to embezzle.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆจช้ ˜ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:08
I don't know how to embezzle, buddy, but this would
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ๆจช้ ˜ใฎใ‚„ใ‚Šๆ–นใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
12:10
be stealing money from your boss, from your work.
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ไธŠๅธใ‚„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็›—ใ‚€ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:15
So you're kind of cheating them out of their money.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’้จ™ใ—ๅ–ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
12:17
You're finding a way to take money that isn't yours.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:22
And then I guess you just hope you don't
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใงๆ•ใพใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:24
get caught with all of this cheating stuff, like
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12:28
every version of cheating, you're just hoping you don't
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ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
12:30
get caught, I guess, to cheat the system.
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ใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใ‚’ไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๆ•ใพใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:35
So this is a phrase we use to talk about someone
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๆ•ใพใ‚‰ใชใ„ไบบใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใงใ™
12:38
who's found a way to cheat and not really get caught.
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ใ€‚
12:44
Okay, so a good example would be, in sports,
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่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใงใฏใ€
12:47
sometimes athletes find a way to cheat the system
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ใ‚ขใ‚นใƒชใƒผใƒˆใŒใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใ‚’้จ™ใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใ€
12:50
so they know if they take performance enhancing drugs,
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ใƒ‘ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒณใ‚นๅ‘ไธŠ่–ฌใ‚’ๆœ็”จใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€
12:54
if they take steroids or other things, it will
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒญใ‚คใƒ‰ใชใฉใ‚’ๆœ็”จใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€
12:57
make them a better athlete.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ขใ‚นใƒชใƒผใƒˆใซใชใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:59
Well, won't make them a better person.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ไบบ้–“ใซใชใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€
13:01
It will help them perform better in their
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใ‚„ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใงใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ใƒ‘ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒณใ‚นใ‚’็™บๆฎใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™
13:04
event or in the sport they play.
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ใ€‚
13:07
And then they might know there's testing, but
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
13:10
they might know how to cheat the system.
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ใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใ‚’ๆฌบใๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:12
Maybe they know that if they stop taking the
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€
13:15
steroids three months before the competition, then when they
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่ฉฆๅˆใฎ3ใ‹ๆœˆๅ‰ใซใ‚นใƒ†ใƒญใ‚คใƒ‰ใฎๆœ็”จใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
13:19
have a drug test, it won't show up.
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่–ฌ็‰ฉๆคœๆŸปใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใŸใจใใซใใฎ็—‡็ŠถใŒ็พใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:21
You can also use this to talk about money and taxes.
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ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚„็จŽ้‡‘ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซใ‚‚ไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
13:25
There's a system for collecting income tax, but maybe
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ๆ‰€ๅพ—็จŽใ‚’ๅพดๅŽใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
13:27
you found a way to cheat the system.
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ใใฎใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใ‚’้จ™ใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:30
You found a way to pay less tax because you
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ในใ็จŽ้‡‘ใฎๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ใ‚’ๅ›ž้ฟใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใฎใงใ€็จŽ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™
13:34
found a way to get around paying what you owe.
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ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:37
So to cheat the system means there's a system and you found
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใ‚’้จ™ใ™ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
13:42
a way to not follow the rules and not get caught.
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ใƒซใƒผใƒซใซๅพ“ใ‚ใชใใฆใ‚‚ๆ•ใพใ‚‰ใชใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
13:47
False advertising.
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่™šๅฝใฎๅบƒๅ‘Šใ€‚
13:49
So this one happens a lot.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใฏใ‚ˆใ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:52
And I consider this more lying than cheating.
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅ˜˜ใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:56
But false advertising is when you see something in a
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่™šๅฝๅบƒๅ‘Šใจใฏใ€
14:00
magazine or newspaper or on TV or in the ad
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้›‘่ชŒใ€ๆ–ฐ่žใ€ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ€ใพใŸใฏ
14:04
before a YouTube video and it looks amazing.
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YouTube ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ‰ใฎๅบƒๅ‘Šใงไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
14:08
And then when you buy it, it looks different.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€่ฒทใฃใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจ่ฆ‹ใŸ็›ฎใŒ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:11
So here's some false advertising.
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ใใ“ใงใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่™šๅฝใฎๅบƒๅ‘Šใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:13
You see the hamburger on the far side? Looks amazing.
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ๅ‘ใ“ใ†ๅดใซใƒใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ™ใ”ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
14:16
Look at that.
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ใ‚ใ‚Œ่ฆ‹ใฆใ‚ˆใ€‚
14:17
What a beautifully made hamburger.
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ใชใ‚“ใจใ‚‚็พŽใ—ใไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใƒใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
14:19
And then if you go buy it,
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใซ่กŒใใจใ€
14:21
it might actually look like this one.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ“ใ‚Œใซไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:23
It's a little bit mushed and it
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ใใกใ‚ƒใใกใ‚ƒใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใปใฉ
14:24
doesn't look as big or as perfect.
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ๅคงใใใ‚‚ๅฎŒ็’งใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
14:27
False advertising is actually
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€่™šๅฝใฎๅบƒๅ‘Šใฏ
14:30
illegal in most countries.
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ›ฝใง้•ๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ‘ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใŒ
14:33
You can't put a picture up of a hamburger with two
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2 ๆžšใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’่ผ‰ใ›ใฆ
14:37
patties, and then if someone buys it, it only has one.
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ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใจใ€ใƒ‘ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใŒ 1 ๆžšใ—ใ‹ๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šๅพ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:39
That would be very flagrant false advertising.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ็›ฎใซไฝ™ใ‚‹่™šๅฝๅบƒๅ‘Šใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:43
But I think in most of the world, you can't
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไธ–็•Œใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
14:48
promise one thing, and then when people pay you, you
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1ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็ด„ๆŸใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใšใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ†ใจใใซ
14:50
give them something different that is considered false advertising.
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ๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€่™šๅฝใฎๅบƒๅ‘Šใจใฟใชใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:56
I think some advertising, most
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ๅคšๅฐ‘ใฎๅบƒๅ‘Šใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎ
14:59
advertising is a little bit.
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ๅบƒๅ‘Šใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
15:01
You don't always get exactly what you
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15:03
want, do you, when you buy something?
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใจใใ€ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใŒๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใจใฏ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
15:07
Table talk.
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ใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใƒˆใƒผใ‚ฏใ€‚
15:08
You can cheat at games.
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ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใงใฏไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
15:09
There's things like stacking the deck.
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ใƒ‡ใƒƒใ‚ญใ‚’็ฉใฟ้‡ใญใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:11
There's things like table talk.
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ใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใƒˆใƒผใ‚ฏใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ•ฐใ‹ๆœˆๅ‰ใฎใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใฎ
15:13
We talked about this in my lesson
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ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ“ใฎใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
15:15
on games a few months ago.
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ใ€‚
15:17
If I'm playing a game and if I'm
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็งใŒใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€
15:20
playing it with a partner who's sitting across
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ๅ‘ใ‹ใ„ใซๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆใƒŠใƒผใจไธ€็ท’ใซใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
15:23
from me, so we're on the same team.
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ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š็งใŸใกใฏๅŒใ˜ใƒใƒผใƒ ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:26
And if we use certain sentences or words to
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ–‡ใ‚„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
15:30
mean things, like if I say to Jen, while
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ใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใƒ—ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใซใ“ใ†่จ€ใ†ใจ
15:33
we're playing cards, I don't feel so good.
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ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒ่‰ฏใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:35
It might mean, hey, I have really good cards in my hand,
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€็งใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€
15:40
or it might mean I don't have good cards in my hand.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€็งใŒ็งใฎๆ‰‹ใซ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:43
So table talk is a form of cheating when
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใƒˆใƒผใ‚ฏใฏใ€
15:46
you're playing a game, specifically a board game.
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ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ€็‰นใซใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฎไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใฎไธ€็จฎใงใ™ใ€‚
15:49
So it's like you're talking in code
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไธ€็ท’ใซ้Šใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹็›ธๆ‰‹ใจๆš—ๅทใงไผš่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™
15:52
to the person you are playing with.
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ใ€‚
15:57
And then stacking the deck would
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใƒ‡ใƒƒใ‚ญใ‚’้‡ใญใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€
15:58
be specifically in a card game.
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ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:01
If there are four people playing and you are dealing
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4 ไบบใงใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€
16:05
without anyone noticing, you put the cards in the order
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่ชฐใซใ‚‚ๆฐ—ไป˜ใ‹ใ‚Œใšใซใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅ‡ฆ็†ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ
16:08
you want so that you, or maybe if you have
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ใ€ใพใŸใฏ
16:11
a partner, get the best cards for that game.
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ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆใƒŠใƒผใŒใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใฎใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใซๆœ€้ฉใชใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅฅฝใใช้ †ๅบใซ็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚
16:14
Stacking the deck.
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ใƒ‡ใƒƒใ‚ญใ‚’็ฉใฟไธŠใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:15
And we use this phrase in life as well.
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็”Ÿๆดปใฎไธญใงใ‚‚ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:17
Sometimes the deck can be stacked against you if you
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ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€
16:22
apply for a job, and the other person applying is
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ไป•ไบ‹ใซๅฟœๅ‹Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซไธๅˆฉใชๆกไปถใŒ็ฉใฟ้‡ใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฟœๅ‹Ÿใ—ใฆใใŸ็›ธๆ‰‹ใŒใใฎ
16:25
like the nephew of the person who owns the business.
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ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใฎใ‚ชใƒผใƒŠใƒผใฎ็”ฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:28
We would say the deck was stacked against you.
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ใƒ‡ใƒƒใ‚ญใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๅฏพใ—ใฆไธๅˆฉใ ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
16:31
You're not going to get the job underhanded.
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ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ๆŠœใใงๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:35
I could not find a good picture
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่‰ฏใ„ๅ†™็œŸใŒ่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใง
16:37
for this, so I found this one.
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ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œ
16:40
Underhanded means to do something sneaky or dishonest
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้™ฐ่ฌ€ใ€ใจใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ๅ‘ๅŠฃใชใ€ไธๆญฃ็›ดใชใ€
16:44
or devious, or crooked or deceitful or sly
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ใพใŸใฏ้‚ชๆ‚ชใชใ€ใพใŸใฏใฒใญใใ‚ŒใŸใ€ๆฌบ็žž็š„ใชใ€ใพใŸใฏ็‹ก็Œพใชใ€ไธๆญฃใชใ€ใšใ‚‹
16:46
or fraudulent or shifty or wily.
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่ณขใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใšใ‚‹่ณขใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:49
So when you are underhanded, you're not truthful. Okay.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ‘ๅŠฃใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
16:54
It would be underhanded for me to say, if you buy
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็งใฎ
16:58
my used camera, you get three extra batteries with it, but
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ไธญๅคใฎใ‚ซใƒกใƒฉใ‚’่ฒทใฃใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€ไบˆๅ‚™ใฎใƒใƒƒใƒ†ใƒชใƒผใŒ 3 ๅ€‹ไป˜ใ„ใฆใใ‚‹ใŒใ€
17:01
then two of the batteries aren't for that camera.
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ใใฎใ†ใกใฎ 2 ๅ€‹ใฏใใฎใ‚ซใƒกใƒฉ็”จใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏไธ่ฌนๆ…Žใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
17:05
That would be underhanded.
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ใใ‚Œใฏไธๅฝ“ใชใ‚„ใ‚Šๆ–นใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
17:06
So I'm making it look like you get three batteries, but
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€้›ปๆฑ ใŒ 3 ใคใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใ›ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
17:10
two of them won't actually work when you try them.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใฎใ†ใกใฎ 2 ใคใฏๅ‹•ไฝœใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:12
So when you're underhanded, I think
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไธๅฝ“ใชๆ‰ฑใ„ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ใ€Œ
17:14
the best word would be dishonest.
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ไธ่ช ๅฎŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒๆœ€้ฉใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:16
And deceitful.
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ใใ—ใฆๆฌบ็žž็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:17
Those would be the two words
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€
17:19
I would choose for underhanded bribery.
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็งใŒไธๅฝ“ใช่ดˆๅŽ่ณ„ใ‚’่กจใ™่จ€่‘‰ใจใ—ใฆ้ธใถไบŒใคใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:25
I thought this picture was funny because it's like
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ใ“ใฎๅ†™็œŸใฏ
17:28
an envelope full of money, and it says Mr.
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ใŠ้‡‘ใŒใ„ใฃใฑใ„ๅ…ฅใฃใŸๅฐ็ญ’ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€
17:31
Governor on it.
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ใใ“ใซ็Ÿฅไบ‹ใ•ใ‚“ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง้ข็™ฝใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
17:32
So bribery takes place when you give someone money, so
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆธกใ™ใจ่ณ„่ณ‚ใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใ€ใใฎไบบใŒใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใชใ„
17:38
they do something that they're not supposed to do.
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ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ†ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
17:41
So let's say you wanted to win a lot
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
17:44
of money by betting on a sports team.
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ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ ใƒใƒผใƒ ใซ่ณญใ‘ใฆๅคง้‡‘ใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:48
You might then cheat the system a bit because you
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€
17:52
bribe the coach to make sure they lose the game.
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ใ‚ณใƒผใƒใซ่ณ„่ณ‚ใ‚’ๆธกใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใƒใŒ่ฉฆๅˆใซ่ฒ ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—้จ™ใ™ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:57
Okay, maybe there's a boxing match and, you know, one
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใƒœใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒณใ‚ฐใฎ่ฉฆๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒผใฎไธ€ไบบใŒใ„ใฆ
18:01
of the fighters, and you want to bet a million
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ใ€่ชฐใŒใƒœใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒณใ‚ฐใฎ่ฉฆๅˆใซๅ‹ใคใ‹ใซ 100 ไธ‡ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’่ณญใ‘ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™
18:05
dollars on who will win the boxing match.
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ใ€‚
18:08
And then you pay the fighter, you know, $50,000.
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ใใ—ใฆใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒผใซ 50,000 ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:12
You give them a $50,000 bribe to
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซ 50,000 ใƒ‰ใƒซใฎ่ณ„่ณ‚ใ‚’ๆธกใ—ใฆใ€
18:15
basically pretend they get knocked out in
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏ
18:17
the third round or something like that.
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3 ใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใ‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใงๆ•—้€€ใ—ใŸใตใ‚Šใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:19
So bribery is when you give money illegally,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่ดˆๅŽ่ณ„ใจใฏใ€้•ๆณ•ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆธกใ™ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
18:23
so someone does something that benefits you.
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซๅˆฉ็›Šใ‚’ใ‚‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ™ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
18:28
Okay, students never do this, but in a school, if a
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๅญฆ็”Ÿใฏใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใฏใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๅญฆๆ กใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ—
18:32
student said, I'll give you $20 if you give me a
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ๅญฆ็”ŸใŒใ€Œใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใงๆบ€็‚นใ‚’ๅ–ใฃใŸใ‚‰20ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰
18:35
perfect score on my quiz, that would be bribery.
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่ณ„่ณ‚ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
18:38
I would lose my job if I accepted a bribe like that.
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ใใ‚“ใช่ณ„่ณ‚ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใฃใŸใ‚‰่ทใ‚’ๅคฑใ†ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
18:42
So bribery is when you give someone money, I
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่ณ„่ณ‚ใจใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆธกใ™ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€
18:45
think usually someone in charge of something, right?
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้€šๅธธใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใฎ่ฒฌไปป่€…ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใฎ
18:50
So that they do something for you
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€
18:54
that benefits you to stretch the truth.
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็œŸๅฎŸใ‚’ๅบƒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใชใŸใซๅˆฉ็›Šใ‚’ใ‚‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ™ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
18:59
So, again, this is more on the line of
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธๆญฃ
19:01
lying than cheating, but it can relate to cheating.
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่กŒ็‚บใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅ˜˜ใซ่ฟ‘ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใซ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
19:05
So maybe, like this shirt says,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
19:07
it was this big, honest.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใปใฉๅคงใใใฆๆญฃ็›ดใ ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
19:09
Often when people go fishing,
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ใ‚ˆใไบบใ€…ใŒ้‡ฃใ‚Šใซ่กŒใใจใใ€
19:12
okay, let me rephrase that.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ„็›ดใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
19:13
Sometimes when people go fishing, they catch fish that
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้‡ฃใ‚Šใซ่กŒใใจใ€
19:16
are this big, and they put them back in
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ใ“ใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ๅคงใใช้ญšใŒ้‡ฃใ‚Œใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’
19:18
the lake, and when they get home, they say
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ๆน–ใซๆˆปใ—ใฆใ€ๅฎถใซๅธฐใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
19:19
they caught a fish that's this big. Okay?
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ใใ‚‰ใ„ๅคงใใช้ญšใŒ้‡ฃใ‚ŒใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
19:22
So they're stretching the truth.
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ใใ‚Œใงๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใ‚’ๆ‹กๅคง่งฃ้‡ˆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
19:24
They did catch a fish.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้ญšใ‚’ๆ•ใพใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:26
They're just kind of lying a little
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
19:28
bit about the size of it.
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ใใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘ๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:29
The reason I put this up about fish, though,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’้ญšใซใคใ„ใฆๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใŸ็†็”ฑใฏใ€
19:31
is there was an example a few years ago
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ๆ•ฐๅนดๅ‰ใซ
19:34
where there was a fishing competition, and it was
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้‡ฃใ‚ŠๅคงไผšใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
19:38
by weight, and the people were catching fish, and
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้‡ใ•ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏ้ญšใ‚’ๆ•ใพใˆใ€
19:42
then they were putting fishing weights in the fish.
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ใใฎๅพŒใ€้ญšใซ้‡ฃใ‚Š็”จใฎ้‡ใ‚Šใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใจใ„ใ†ไพ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ€‚
19:45
So the fish weighed more to try and cheat.
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ใใ“ใง้ญšใฏใ”ใพใ‹ใใ†ใจไฝ“้‡ใ‚’ๅข—ใ‚„ใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:49
So they wanted to win the fishing competition, and
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้‡ฃใ‚Šๅคงไผšใงๅ‹ใกใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€
19:52
they did it by not just stretching the truth,
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็œŸๅฎŸใ‚’ๅ˜ใซๆ‹กๅคง่งฃ้‡ˆใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€
19:54
like, they went a little further, they actually cheated.
405
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ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่ธใฟ่พผใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎŸ็พใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:57
So I guess when you fish, you have lead weights, right?
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้‡ฃใ‚Šใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ้‰›ใฎ้‡ใ‚Šใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
20:02
You have your fishing line and you have a
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้‡ฃใ‚Š็ณธใจใƒ•ใƒƒใ‚ฏใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
20:03
hook, and you might have weights on the line.
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ใ€็ณธใซใฏ้‡ใ‚Šใ‚‚ไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
20:05
And so they were using those weights.
409
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ใใ‚Œใงๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้‡ใ‚Šใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:08
So when they caught a fish, they were
410
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้ญšใ‚’้‡ฃใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ใจใ€็ซถไบ‰ใซๅ‹ใคใŸใ‚ใซ
20:10
using those weights to make the fish heavier
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ใใฎ้‡ใ‚Šใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ้ญšใ‚’้‡ใใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
20:12
to try and win the competition.
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ใ€‚
20:16
Not a good idea.
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่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
20:17
You shouldn't cheat in a competition,
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็ซถๆŠ€ไผšใงไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใ‚’ใ—ใฆใฏใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
20:19
eventually you're going to get caught.
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ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซใฏๆ•ใพใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:21
Let's do one more to get.
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ๅ–ๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
20:22
Oh, there's that slide.
417
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใฎใ‚นใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:24
This is a good slide.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚นใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:26
This is what happens when, if you cheat,
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ๆตฎๆฐ—ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ๆ•ใพใ‚ŠใŸใใชใ„ใจใใฏใ“ใ†ใชใ‚Šใพใ™
20:29
you don't want to get caught, right?
420
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ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
20:31
The whole idea of cheating is that
421
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ไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใฎๆœฌ่ณชใฏใ€
20:33
you're doing something to help yourself.
422
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่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
20:36
That's not good.
423
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ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
20:37
But if you do get caught, that's the phrase we use.
424
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ๆ•ใพใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใซใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใŒไฝฟใ†่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:40
So the teacher here, it looks
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ€
20:42
like these two people are cheating.
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ใ“ใฎไบŒไบบใฏๆตฎๆฐ—ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:43
They're passing information to each other, and the
427
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใŠไบ’ใ„ใซๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆธกใ—ๅˆใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€
20:46
teacher is like, hey, what are you doing?
428
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ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏใ€ŒใŠใ„ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใ ๏ผŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:48
And pointing at them.
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ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅทฎใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:50
So cheaters often get caught. Okay.
430
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€่ฉๆฌบๅธซใฏๆ•ใพใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
20:54
If you cheat at what you're doing, there's
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ไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใ‚’ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€
20:57
always a chance that you might get caught.
432
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ๆ•ใพใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏๅธธใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:59
And then after you get caught, you
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ใใ—ใฆๆ•ใพใฃใŸๅพŒใฏ
21:01
will have to pay the consequences.
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ใใฎไปฃๅ„Ÿใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:04
That's the phrase we would use, doping.
435
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใŒไฝฟใ†่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€ใƒ‰ใƒผใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใงใ™ใ€‚
21:06
So this is a specific term for what athletes
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ขใ‚นใƒชใƒผใƒˆใŒ
21:10
do to try and increase their performance using drugs
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21:15
or other methods in order to run faster or
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้€Ÿใ่ตฐใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š
21:19
lift heavier weights or perform better in their event.
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้‡ใ„้‡้‡ใ‚’ๆŒใกไธŠใ’ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใงใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ใƒ‘ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒณใ‚นใ‚’็™บๆฎใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€่–ฌ็‰ฉใ‚„ใใฎไป–ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใƒ‘ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒณใ‚นใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ™็‰นๅฎšใฎ็”จ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
21:24
So sometimes you'll see a news article
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€
21:26
that says cyclists caught doping in the
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่‡ช่ปข่ปŠ้ธๆ‰‹ใŒ
21:32
last race or during the Olympics.
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ๅ‰ๅ›žใฎใƒฌใƒผใ‚นใ‚„ใ‚ชใƒชใƒณใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏไธญใซใƒ‰ใƒผใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใงๆ•ใพใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚น่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’็›ฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่–ฌ็‰ฉๆคœๆŸปใ‚’่กŒใฃใŸ็ตๆžœใ€ใƒ‰ใƒผใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใŒๅˆคๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใŸใ‚ใซ
21:34
You might hear about an athlete is disqualified
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ใ‚ขใ‚นใƒชใƒผใƒˆใŒๅคฑๆ ผใซใชใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†่ฉฑใ‚’่žใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
21:37
because they did a drug test and found
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21:39
out the athlete had been doping.
445
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ใ€‚
21:41
So when you take performance enhancing drugs,
446
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒ‘ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒณใ‚นใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹่–ฌใ‚’ๆœ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€
21:45
and there's a variety of them, we
447
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ใใ—ใฆใใฎ่–ฌใซใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
21:47
sometimes refer to that as doping. Hacking.
448
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒ‰ใƒผใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใจๅ‘ผใถใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒใƒƒใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใ€‚
21:52
If you play any computer games, it's frustrating
449
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ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผ ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ไธ€็ท’ใซ
21:55
when the person you are playing with is
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ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็›ธๆ‰‹ใŒ
21:59
better than most humans could be.
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบ้–“ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
22:03
So I played a game called counterstrike when I
452
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใฏ่‹ฅใ„้ ƒใซใ‚ซใ‚ฆใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ฏใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
22:05
was younger, and sometimes you just knew someone you
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22:11
were playing against was cheating because even when you
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22:13
were hiding behind a wall where no one could
455
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่ชฐใซใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใˆใชใ„ๅฃใฎๅพŒใ‚ใซ้š ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใ‹
22:16
see you, they would somehow get you.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆ•ใพใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅฏพๆˆฆ็›ธๆ‰‹ใŒไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
22:19
So hacking, this would be.
457
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ใคใพใ‚Šใƒใƒƒใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใใ†ใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
22:21
I think we would call these wall hacks.
458
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒผใƒซใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใจๅ‘ผใถใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:23
There's also aimbot.
459
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1407
ใ‚จใ‚คใƒ ใƒœใƒƒใƒˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผ ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใ™ใ‚‹
22:24
There's different types of hacks you can use when
460
1344967
4009
ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๅฏ่ƒฝใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็จฎ้กžใฎใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
22:28
playing a computer game that allow you to cheat.
461
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3401
ใ€‚ ๅนณ็ญ‰ใช็ซถไบ‰ใฎๅ ดใงใฏใชใ„ใจใใซ
22:32
It's very frustrating to play a game
462
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ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้žๅธธใซใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใพใ™
22:35
when it's not a level playing field.
463
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ใ€‚
22:38
When you have a level playing field, it means
464
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ๅนณ็ญ‰ใช็ซถไบ‰ๆกไปถใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€
22:40
no one is cheating, and it's just your own
465
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3075
่ชฐใ‚‚ไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใ‚’ใ—ใฆใŠใ‚‰ใšใ€ๅ‹ๆ•—ใ‚’ๅทฆๅณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใฎ
22:43
abilities that are helping you win or lose.
466
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่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ ใ‘ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:46
But when someone hacks, they take advantage
467
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2655
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใƒใƒƒใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
22:49
of everyone else with their cheating.
468
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ไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใงไป–ใฎไบบใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:53
So there's a phrase in English, if
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2518
่‹ฑ่ชžใซใฏใ€Œ
22:56
you cheat, you're only cheating yourself.
470
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2639
้จ™ใ™ใชใ‚‰ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’้จ™ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใ ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
22:58
And I'll explain this a little bit.
471
1378749
2011
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‘ใ—่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:01
Let's say you have an English test coming up and
472
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใŒ่ฟ‘ใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใฆใ€
23:05
you cheat on the English test, and then you get
473
1385853
3699
่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใงใ‚ซใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ใ—ใ€
23:09
a job based on the results of that test.
474
1389553
3467
ใใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใฎ็ตๆžœใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆๅฐฑ่ทใ—ใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:13
But they find out really quickly, you
475
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1762
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ
23:15
can't actually speak English very well.
476
1395313
2319
่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ใ‚ใพใ‚ŠไธŠๆ‰‹ใซ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใ“ใจใซใ™ใใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‡บไธ–ใ—ใŸใจ
23:17
You've cheated yourself like you think you got
477
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3039
ๆ€ใฃใŸใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’้จ™ใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใŒ
23:20
ahead, but eventually you just get fired.
478
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ใ€็ตๅฑ€ใฏใ‚ฏใƒ“ใซใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
23:23
Another example would be if you really want
479
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ
23:26
to run the 100 meters, race really fast
480
1406853
3567
100 ใƒกใƒผใƒˆใƒซใ‚’่ตฐใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚้€Ÿใใƒฌใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ใ€
23:30
and you use steroids or some other drugs
481
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2293
ใใ—ใฆใ‚ซใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ‚นใƒ†ใƒญใ‚คใƒ‰ใ‚„ใใฎไป–ใฎ่–ฌ็‰ฉใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆ
23:32
to cheat, you didn't really win, did you?
482
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4521
ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅ‹ใฆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ?
23:37
Like you won against people who weren't cheating.
483
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4073
ไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ไบบใŸใกใซๅ‹ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
23:41
So you're really just cheating yourself.
484
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1833
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’้จ™ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
23:43
You're making yourself feel better,
485
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ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒ่‰ฏใใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™
23:44
but it's actually a lie.
486
1424841
1765
ใŒใ€ๅฎŸใฏใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
23:46
You're not actually better than the other people.
487
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3293
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏไป–ใฎไบบใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
23:49
So if you cheat, you're only cheating yourself.
488
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3069
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€้จ™ใ™ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’้จ™ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
23:52
A cheat sheet.
489
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951
ใ‚ซใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒšใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใ€‚
23:53
So this came up a bit earlier.
490
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2095
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ‰ใซ็™ปๅ ดใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
23:56
There are two kinds of cheat sheets in the world.
491
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3133
ไธ–ใฎไธญใซใฏ2็จฎ้กžใฎใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚ทใƒผใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
23:59
In some classes, the teacher will say, you're allowed
492
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5205
ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€
24:04
to bring a cheat sheet to the exam.
493
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2101
่ฉฆ้จ“ใซใ‚ซใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒšใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใ‚’ๆŒๅ‚ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใจๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
24:07
Crazy, isn't it?
494
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1586
ใ‚ฏใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ธใƒผใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
24:08
This happens in some senior level
495
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2755
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
24:11
math classes at our school.
496
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2367
็งใŸใกใฎๅญฆๆ กใฎไธ€้ƒจใฎไธŠ็ดšใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎๆ•ฐๅญฆใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใง่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
24:13
Even the teacher might say, you are allowed
497
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3077
ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ‚‚ใ€Œ
24:17
to bring a cheat sheet with formulas.
498
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2767
่จˆ็ฎ—ๅผใŒ่ผ‰ใฃใŸใ‚ซใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒšใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ‚ˆใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚็Ÿฅใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
24:19
Let's say it's a geometry test where
499
1459787
2601
24:22
you need to know PI r squared.
500
1462389
1529
PI r ใฎ 2 ไน—ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅนพไฝ•ๅญฆใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
24:23
In other formulas, the teacher might say, you can bring
501
1463919
3753
ไป–ใฎๅ…ฌๅผใงใฏใ€ๆ•™ๅธซใฏใ€่ฉฆ้จ“ใซ็ด™ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใฆ
24:27
a piece of paper to the exam and you may
502
1467673
2703
ใ€
24:30
write the formula for diameter area of a triangle.
503
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4661
ไธ‰่ง’ๅฝขใฎ็›ดๅพ„้ข็ฉใฎๅ…ฌๅผใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚ทใƒผใƒˆใซ
24:35
You're allowed to have those general formulas
504
1475039
2687
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ…ฌๅผใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ่จฑๅฏใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™
24:37
on your cheat sheet, but nothing else.
505
1477727
2365
ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œไปฅๅค–ใฏ่จฑๅฏใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
24:40
And then when you write the exam, you
506
1480093
2719
ใใ—ใฆใ€่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใจใใ€
24:42
have the formulas, but I mean, you still
507
1482813
1935
ๅ…ฌๅผใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
24:44
have to know how to use them, right?
508
1484749
1931
ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ใพใ ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
24:47
In french class for younger students, sometimes we say
509
1487390
5440
ไฝŽๅญฆๅนดๅ‘ใ‘ใฎใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใงใฏใ€ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆ avoir ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ etra ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ
24:52
you can bring a cheat sheet that shows you
510
1492831
2529
24:55
how to put verbs into the passe compose, whether
511
1495361
4335
้–ขไฟ‚ใชใใ€ใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ปๆง‹ๆˆใซๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’็ต„ใฟ่พผใ‚€ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็คบใ—ใŸใ‚ซใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒšใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
24:59
it uses avoir or etra as its auxiliary verb.
512
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4217
ใ€‚
25:03
So we don't say write all the answers on the piece
513
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3433
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ด™ใซๆ›ธใใ‚ˆใ†ใซใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ
25:07
of paper, but we sometimes allow students to bring a little
514
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2959
ใ€็”Ÿๅพ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘ๆŒใก่พผใ‚€ใ“ใจใ‚’่จฑๅฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
25:10
bit of information in that can be helpful for them.
515
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3103
ใ€‚
25:13
So we call that a cheat sheet.
516
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2137
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ซใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒšใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚
25:15
When it's official, it's allowed.
517
1515551
2527
ๅ…ฌๅผใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐ่จฑใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
25:18
So you're not actually cheating.
518
1518079
1359
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๆตฎๆฐ—ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
25:19
But some students will bring in a cheat sheet
519
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2159
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
25:21
when they're not allowed, and then they're actually cheating.
520
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3411
่จฑๅฏใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใใซใ‚ซใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒšใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใ‚’ๆŒใก่พผใ‚“ใงใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ‚ซใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็”Ÿๅพ’ใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:26
Cheat day.
521
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1170
ใƒใƒผใƒˆใƒ‡ใ‚คใ€‚ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ
25:27
If you watch what you eat, if you are
522
1527641
3891
้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
25:31
someone like me that thinks a lot about, okay,
523
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2223
็งใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชไบบใงใ€ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ—ใ€
25:33
what am I going to eat today?
524
1533757
1519
ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏไฝ•ใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚ˆใ†ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจใ‚ˆใ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใชใ‚‰ใ€
25:35
I don't want to eat too much.
525
1535277
2013
ใ‚ใพใ‚Š้ฃŸในใŸใใชใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
25:37
And then you do that Monday through Friday, you might
526
1537291
4181
ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆœˆๆ›œๆ—ฅใ‹ใ‚‰้‡‘ๆ›œๆ—ฅใพใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ„ใ€
25:41
have a day on like Saturday might be a cheat
527
1541473
3045
ๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใฏใƒใƒผใƒˆใƒ‡ใ‚คใจใ—ใฆใ€
25:44
day where you allow yourself to eat whatever you want.
528
1544519
3705
ๅฅฝใใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ๆ—ฅใ‚’่จญใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
25:48
So we would use the word conscientious.
529
1548225
3797
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่‰ฏๅฟƒ็š„ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:52
That means you think a lot about what
530
1552023
1805
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€1้€ฑ้–“ใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆไฝ•ใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚ˆใ่€ƒใˆใพใ™
25:53
you eat throughout the week, but you might
531
1553829
3103
ใŒใ€
25:56
have a day where you're allowed to cheat.
532
1556933
1749
ไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใŒ่จฑๅฏใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ—ฅใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
25:58
You're allowed to have donuts.
533
1558683
1295
ใƒ‰ใƒผใƒŠใƒ„ใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใ‚‚่จฑใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
25:59
So for me, I'm not this strict about
534
1559979
2473
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใซใจใฃใฆใฏใใ“ใพใงๅŽณๅฏ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
26:02
it, but I do know people who, they
535
1562453
2159
ใŒใ€
26:04
eat very healthy food most of the month.
536
1564613
3811
ๆœˆใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฏ้žๅธธใซๅฅๅบท็š„ใช้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:08
But then two or three days out of the
537
1568425
1919
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆœˆใซ2ใ€3ๆ—ฅใฏ
26:10
month, they have a cheat day where they're allowed
538
1570345
1989
ใ€
26:12
to eat whatever they want, a big pizza.
539
1572335
2495
ๅคงใใชใƒ”ใ‚ถใชใฉใ€ๅฅฝใใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใƒใƒผใƒˆใƒ‡ใ‚คใŒ่จญใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:14
Big pizza, a couple of donuts, et cetera, et cetera.
540
1574831
3187
ๅคงใใชใƒ”ใ‚ถใ€ใƒ‰ใƒผใƒŠใƒ„ๆ•ฐๅ€‹ใชใฉใชใฉใ€‚
26:18
And we call that a cheat day.
541
1578019
1721
ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒใƒผใƒˆใƒ‡ใ‚คใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚
26:19
A day where you are allowing yourself to cheat.
542
1579741
3049
ๆตฎๆฐ—ใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใซ่จฑใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ†ๆ—ฅใ€‚
26:23
And then back to the original, when
543
1583690
2786
ใใ—ใฆๅ…ƒใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
26:26
you cheat, you have the title cheater.
544
1586477
3445
ไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บ่€…ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใƒซใŒไป˜ใใพใ™ใ€‚
26:29
So if someone cheats on something,
545
1589923
1997
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€
26:31
we say they are a cheater.
546
1591921
1669
็งใŸใกใฏใใฎไบบใ‚’ไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บ่€…ใ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:33
So he used steroids to win the 100 meters dash.
547
1593591
3375
ใใ“ใงๅฝผใฏ100ใƒกใƒผใƒˆใƒซ่ตฐใงๅ‹ใคใŸใ‚ใซใ‚นใƒ†ใƒญใ‚คใƒ‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ€‚
26:36
He's a cheater.
548
1596967
1383
ๅฝผใฏ่ฉๆฌบๅธซใ ใ€‚
26:38
She copied the answers from her friend.
549
1598351
2625
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅ‹้”ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
26:40
She is a cheater.
550
1600977
1605
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่ฉๆฌบๅธซใงใ™ใ€‚
26:42
She cheated on the test.
551
1602583
2189
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงใ‚ซใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ€‚
26:44
She is a cheater.
552
1604773
1893
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่ฉๆฌบๅธซใงใ™ใ€‚
26:46
So you don't want to get that label.
553
1606667
1935
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎใƒฌใƒƒใƒ†ใƒซใ‚’่ฒผใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
26:48
You don't want to be called a cheater.
554
1608603
1423
่ฉๆฌบๅธซใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚ŒใŸใใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
26:50
It would not be a nice thing to do.
555
1610027
2373
ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
27:05
All my.
556
1625370
490
ๅ…จ้ƒจ็งใฎใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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