Intensifiers and Downtoners in American English Conversation

17,742 views ใƒป 2020-05-21

English with Jennifer


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi everyone. I'm Jennifer from English with Jennifer. Do you like getting
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„. ์ €๋Š” Jennifer์™€ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์˜จ Jennifer์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์นญ์ฐฌ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
00:05
compliments? What would you like to hear someone say? What would make you feel
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? ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„ ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊นŒ์š”
00:10
good? You're awful at English! You're awfully good at English! Personally, I'd
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? ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์˜์–ด์— ๋”์ฐ ํ•ด์š”! ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์ž˜ํ•˜์‹œ๋„ค์š”! ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ
00:19
never dream of telling someone that they're bad at anything because every
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์„ ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๋‚˜์˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฟˆ์—๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
one of us has room for improvement, right? You're here. You're studying with me, so
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๋„ˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋„ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
00:29
you're already on your way to speaking better English. My compliment to you is,
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธธ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์นญ์ฐฌ์€
00:34
'You're awfully good at English!" "Awful" by itself means "bad." "Awful" or "awfully" before
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'๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ•ด์š”!'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "Awful"์€ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ
00:43
an adjective means "very" or "really." You're awfully good. It's awful expensive. It
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"๋‚˜์˜๋‹ค"๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. . ๊ฒ๋‚˜ ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค.
00:52
means "very" or "really." It's a strange difference in meaning, right? Would you
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"๋งค์šฐ" ๋˜๋Š” "์ •๋ง"์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ ์ฐจ์ด์ฃ ?
00:57
like to know other words in American English with strange differences in
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์„ธ์š”
01:01
meaning? Stick around and you'll learn some. I want this to be a super useful,
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? ๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข€ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. I ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
01:07
highly effective, and crazy good lesson.
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๋งค์šฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋“ฏ์ด ์ข‹์€ ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์–ด
01:17
There are different kinds of adverbs in English. The first kind you probably
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์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์•„๋งˆ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ €
01:23
learned were adverbs of manner. They answer the question "How?" Talk loudly,
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๋ฐฐ์› ๋˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋งค๋„ˆ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "How?"๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ,
01:28
walk fast, dance well. You also learned adverbs of frequency when you learned
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๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑท๊ณ ,
01:36
how to answer the question "How often?" I often forget how old I am. I never get up
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"์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž์ฃผ?"๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ฉด์„œ ๋นˆ๋„ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ์‚ด์ธ์ง€ ์žŠ์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
01:43
before 5:00. Now we're going to focus on adverbs of degree. You learned two of them
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5:00 ์ „์—๋Š” ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋„ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. .
01:50
when you learned how to make comparisons. You learned "more" and "less." For example,
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๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์„ ๋•Œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋”"์™€ "๋œ"์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
someone can feel more confident or less confident when they speak English.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
Hopefully, after this lesson, you'll feel more confident. This refers to higher and
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋” ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋” ๋†’๊ณ 
02:06
lower degrees. We're going to study and practice two groups of adverbs of degree:
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๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ธ
02:13
intensifiers and down toners.
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๊ฐ•ํ™”์ œ์™€ ๋‹ค์šด ํ† ๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
Intensifiers are adverbs of degree that increase the strength of a word. I'm sure
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๊ฐ•์กฐ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ์ •๋„์˜ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
you already use the adverb "very" a lot. "Extremely" is another useful adverb used
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์ด๋ฏธ "very"๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "Extremely"๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:31
in many different contexts. I think Parkour is very exciting, but also
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. ์ €๋Š” ํŒŒ์ฟ ๋ฅด๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ
02:37
extremely dangerous.
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๋งค์šฐ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
The intensifiers "so" and "really" are used a lot in conversation. Potato chips are
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๊ฐ•์กฐ์–ด "so"์™€ "really"๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์ž ์นฉ์€
02:50
so unhealthy, but really, really good. Note in very informal English, you may hear
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ํ•ด๋กญ์ง€ ๋งŒ ์ •๋ง ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ฃผ ๋น„๊ฒฉ์‹์ ์ธ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š”
03:00
"real" used as an adverb, as an intensifier. Someone might say, "Oh, the food was real
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"real"์ด ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋กœ, ๊ฐ•์กฐ์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” "์˜ค, ์Œ์‹์ด ์ •๋ง
03:07
good!" I don't recommend this use, but be ready to hear it and understand it. When
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๋ง›์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”!"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
we use intensifiers in conversation, we can use our voice for emphasis. You can
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๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์กฐ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
hear that long vowel sound in the stressed syllable, as in "so unhealthy,"
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"๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ํ•ด๋กœ์šด", "
03:29
"very exciting," "really good."
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๋งค์šฐ ์‹ ๋‚˜๋Š”", "์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€"๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์Œ์ ˆ์—์„œ ์žฅ๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
We also double some intensifiers or use them in combination: very, very expensive;
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์šฐ, ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„์Œ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
really, really nice, so very good. And in conversation, we can use these
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์ •๋ง, ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•„์š”, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ
03:53
combinations: "good and..." "nice and..." to intensify common adjectives. Professional
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"good and..." "nice and..."์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฌธ
04:03
dancers make all the moves look nice and easy. Everything they do is nice and
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๋ฌด์šฉ์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™์ž‘์„ ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ณ  ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋“ค์ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ณ 
04:08
smooth. Blend some fresh fruit with fruit juice, yogurt, or coconut milk. Freeze the
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๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ์„ ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ผ์„ ๊ณผ์ผ ์ฃผ์Šค, ์š”๊ฑฐํŠธ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฝ”์ฝ”๋„› ๋ฐ€ํฌ์™€ ์„ž์œผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
04:18
mixture overnight, and then your frozen fruit popsicles will be good and ready
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ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐค์ƒˆ ์–ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๋ƒ‰๋™ ๊ณผ์ผ ์•„์ด์Šค ์บ”๋””๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„์ง€๊ณ 
04:23
to eat the next day. So "nice and easy" means "very easy. "Nice and smooth" means
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๋‹ค์Œ๋‚  ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "nice and easy"๋Š” "๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค"๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "Nice and smooth"๋Š”
04:33
"very smooth." You can't make this kind of phrase with any adjective, but some
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"๋งค์šฐ ๋งค๋„๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค"๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋กœ๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€
04:40
combinations are common: nice and easy, nice and smooth, nice and slow, nice and
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์กฐํ•ฉ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: nice and easy, nice and smooth, nice
04:47
handy, nice and clean. "Good and ready" could mean "very ready" or "completely
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"์ข‹๊ณ  ์ค€๋น„๋จ"์€ "๋งค์šฐ ์ค€๋น„๋จ" ๋˜๋Š” "์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ค€๋น„๋จ"์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:56
ready." Completely" is another intensifier. It suggests that something is the most
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. ์™„์ „ํžˆ"๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ์ตœ๊ณ ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•”์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:05
it can possibly be. For example, I was completely confused. I didn't understand
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ €๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:11
anything. "Completely" is like "totally" and "absolutely." 100% - "Too" also falls into the
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. "์™„์ „ํžˆ"๋Š” "์™„์ „ํžˆ"์™€ "์™„์ „ํžˆ"์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 100% - "๋„ˆ๋ฌด"๋„
05:24
category of intensifiers, but remember that "too" means that quality has gone
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๊ฐ•์กฐ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์— ์†ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ "๋„ˆ๋ฌด"๋Š” ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ด
05:30
beyond some acceptable limit. Honesty is good, but some people are too honest and
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ํ—ˆ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„ฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์ง์€ ์ข‹์€๋ฐ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ •์งํ•ด์„œ
05:37
say everything they think. "Too" can be used for criticism. Someone can be
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์ž๊ธฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋‹ค ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "Too"๋Š” ๋น„ํŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š”
05:44
too harsh or too judgmental. If we're being critical, we can use the adverb "how"
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ€ํ˜นํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น„ํŒ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น„ํŒ์ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ "์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ"๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:53
in reaction to someone's behavior. For example, "How rude!" meaning "very rude." That
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด๋ก€ํ•œ๊ฐ€!" "๋งค์šฐ ๋ฌด๋ก€ํ•œ"์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
06:01
was very offensive. But we can also use "how" if we're pleasantly surprised: How
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œ ์พŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†€๋ž๋‹ค๋ฉด "how"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: How
06:07
sweet! meaning "very sweet." Let's test your familiarity with other intensifiers used
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sweet! "๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ฌ์ฝคํ•œ"์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ™”์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•์กฐ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์นœ์ˆ™๋„๋ฅผ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
06:17
in conversation. Choose the adverb that sounds most natural in the situation. One.
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. ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ํ•˜๋‚˜.
06:33
I think I've changed my mind. Don't worry. We'll be perfectly safe. "Perfectly safe"
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๋งˆ์Œ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์™„์ „ํžˆ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค"๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
06:43
means "completely safe." Two. You're going to quit? You're not serious, are you?
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"์™„์ „ํžˆ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค"๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜. ๊ทธ๋งŒ ๋‘˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”? ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:01
I'm dead serious. I hate this job. "Dead serious" means "absolutely serious."
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๋‚œ ์ •๋ง ์‹ฌ๊ฐ ํ•ด์š”. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ์ง์—…์ด ์‹ซ์–ด. "์ฃฝ์€ ์ง„์ง€ํ•œ"์€ "์™„์ „ํžˆ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ"์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
Three. Am I calling too late? Not at all. "Not at all" means "It's completely fine.
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์‚ผ. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”ํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”? ๋ณ„๋ง์”€์„์š”. "์ „ํ˜€"๋Š” "์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„. ์•„์ง
07:26
It's not too late." Four.
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๋Šฆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด."๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ท.
07:38
Where are you? I don't know I'm totally and utterly lost. You can say "totally and
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์–ด๋””์„ธ์š”? ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ธธ์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ "์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
07:46
utterly" or "totally and completely lost."
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์™„์ „ํžˆ" ๋˜๋Š” "์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
Five. Why are you mad? Because that was so not fair! "So not fair" means "That was
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๋‹ค์„ฏ. ์™œ ํ™”๋‚ฌ์–ด? ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ถˆ๊ณตํ‰ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ! "So not fair"๋Š” "
08:08
totally unfair." If intensifiers strengthen a quality, what
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ถˆ๊ณตํ‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค"๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธํ…์‹œ ํŒŒ์ด์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:16
do you think downtoners do? You may know the expression "tone it down." For example,
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๋‹ค์šดํ† ๋„ˆ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "tone it down"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
08:22
a friend puts on makeup and asks for your opinion. "I'm trying a new look. What
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์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™”์žฅ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
08:26
do you think?" You say, "It's fun. It's bold, but maybe for work you should tone it
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”?" ๋‹น์‹ ์€ "์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋‹ด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋ผ๋ฉด ํ†ค์„
08:33
down." Meaning use less. Remember this example when we talk about downtoners.
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๋‚ฎ์ถฐ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์šดํ† ๋„ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
08:39
Downtoners are adverbs that lessen or weaken a quality. Let's go back to giving
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Downtoners๋Š” ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
compliments for a moment. You just gave a presentation. Which compliment would you
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์ž ์‹œ ์นญ์ฐฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์„ ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์นญ์ฐฌ์„
08:54
prefer to hear? That was good. That was rather good. Neither is bad, but
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๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์ข‹์•˜์–ด. ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ข‹์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋‚˜์˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
09:03
personally, I'd want to hear the first. That was good.
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์ข‹์•˜์–ด.
09:07
"Rather good" means "somewhat good." It's not up there with a "very." "Rather" is less
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"์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ข‹์€"์€ "๋‹ค์†Œ ์ข‹์€"์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋งค์šฐ"๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "Rather"๋Š” ๋œ
09:13
intense. "Rather good" could suggest "slightly better than expected." "Rather" and
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๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์ข‹์€"์€ "์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‚˜์€"์„ ์•”์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‹ค์†Œ"์™€
09:21
"slightly" are common downtoners. Let's remember that adverbs modify other words.
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"์•ฝ๊ฐ„"์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋‹ค์šดํ†ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
09:29
More specifically, adverbs modify adjectives, verbs, and other adverbs.
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๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ, ๋™์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„
09:35
There are even adverbs that can modify whole sentences. Intensifiers and downtoners
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์ˆ˜์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . Intensifier์™€ Downtoner๋Š”
09:41
can modify adjectives and adverbs, but more often we use them with
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ๊ธฐ
09:47
adjectives, so those are the combinations I'm focusing on here in this lesson.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐํ•ฉ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
But I do want you to be able to recognize intensifiers and downtoners
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
09:56
before other adverbs. For example, news reporters talk
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ € ๊ฐ•ํ™”์ œ์™€ ๊ฐ•์žฅ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‰ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์ž๋Š”
10:01
extremely fast. Student drivers drive rather slow. Let's see if you're familiar
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๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™์ƒ ์šด์ „์ž๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ์šด์ „ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
with other downtoners. I'm going to mix up some intensifiers with words and
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹ค์šดํ† ๋„ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์ œ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:17
phrases that tone down a quality. Can you sort these phrases into two groups: words
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. ์ด ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ:
10:24
that express a higher degree and words that express a lower degree?
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๋†’์€ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด?
10:48
Here's how I'd sort them.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
As promised, here are four intensifiers that have a surprising change in meaning.
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์•ฝ์†ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ•์กฐ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
"Crazy" doesn't mean "insane." "Super" doesn't mean "excellent." "Stupid" doesn't mean "dumb"
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"๋ฏธ์นœ"์€ "๋ฏธ์นœ"์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "Super"๋Š” "๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ"์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ฐ”๋ณด"๋Š” "๋ฉ์ฒญํ•œ"
11:07
or "unintelligent." "Wicked" does not mean "evil." These words simply mean "very" or
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๋˜๋Š” "๋น„์ง€๋Šฅ์ ์ธ"์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์‚ฌ์•…ํ•œ"์€ "์•…"์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ "๋งค์šฐ" ๋˜๋Š”
11:14
"really."
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"์ •๋ง๋กœ"๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
You won't find these words on every list of intensifiers and downtoners because,
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11:24
first of all, not all sources agree. Second, many of these are very informal
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์šฐ์„  ๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ•ํ™”์ œ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ•์žฅ์ œ ๋ชฉ๋ก์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ 
11:30
and used only in casual conversation.
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์ด๋ฉฐ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
Personally, I didn't know that the word "wicked" meant "very" until I moved to New
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‰ด์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” "wicked"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ "๋งค์šฐ"๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:39
England. Then it seemed like every statement of praise and every complaint
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์นญ์ฐฌ์˜ ๋ง๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถˆํ‰์—
11:44
had the word "wicked." A wicked hot day, a wicked good game, wicked hard work. So
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"์‚ฌ์•…ํ•œ"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋”์šด ๋‚ , ์‚ฌ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒŒ์ž„, ์‚ฌ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ํž˜๋“  ์ผ. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
11:54
some informal adverbs may be limited to a geographical region, or perhaps they're
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฆฌ์  ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ•œ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
11:59
used more within a certain age group. For example, I'd forgotten about "stupid good."
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ํŠน์ • ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚˜๋Š” "์–ด๋ฆฌ์„์€ ์„ "์„ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
I don't use it, but some people do. I asked my fifteen-year-old son to help me
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” 15์‚ด์งœ๋ฆฌ ์•„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
12:10
come up with a list of informal ways to say "very good," and he recalled that one.
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"์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์•„"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„์™€๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํƒํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
"Stupid good" means "very good." And don't forget there's a whole category of
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"Stupid good"์€ "๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹๋‹ค"๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์š•์„ค์˜ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
12:23
profane words. I don't drop f-bombs with any frequency, but when I get
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. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋นˆ๋„๋กœ f-bombs๋ฅผ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ์ •์ ์ด ๋  ๋•Œ
12:27
emotional, I may use a close substitute, like "freaking." It's freaking
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"freaking"๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ฌผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
cold out there! "Freaking" can function like an intensifier meaning "very. "Freaking" is
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๋ฐ–์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์›Œ์š”! "Freaking"์€ "๋งค์šฐ"๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ์ฆ์„ธ์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "Freaking"์€
12:39
far less offensive than the f-word. One last note is that we can use adverbs to
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f-word๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋œ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ฐธ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
12:47
be more polite by being less direct. Downtoners overlap with a whole category of
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๋œ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ์˜ˆ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Downtoners๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฒน์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
words that allow us to be vague in English. We can choose to be less precise
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์• ๋งคํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:58
and less direct to avoid offense.
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๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋œ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
We call this hedging. It's a topic worthy of another video, so for now I'll limit
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ—ค์ง•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น„๋””์˜ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€
13:10
myself to a couple of examples. Your speech is too long. You need to make it shorter.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. . ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ง์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์งง๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์˜
13:19
Your speech is quite long. Perhaps you can make it slightly shorter.
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์—ฐ์„ค์€ ๊ฝค ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์งง๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
It's really late. I need to leave now. It's rather late. I should leave pretty soon.
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์ •๋ง ๋Šฆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋– ๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฝค ๋Šฆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณง ๋– ๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
Do you feel the difference in certainty and politeness?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ™•์‹คํ•จ๊ณผ ๊ณต์†ํ•จ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ์‹œ๋‚˜์š” ?
13:41
I hope the lesson was very useful and rather interesting. Please like and share
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๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์–ด์— ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์ข€ ๋” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ
13:49
the video with others who'd like to feel more confident and sound more natural in
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๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์˜์ƒ์— ์ข‹์•„์š”์™€ ๊ณต์œ ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”
13:53
English . That's all for now. As always, thanks for watching and happy studies!
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. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ, ์‹œ์ฒญ ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
14:01
Thank you to all the members of my channel. And you Super and Truly
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์ฑ„๋„. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Super and Truly
14:05
Marvelous Members, look out for the next bonus video. Follow me on Facebook,
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Marvelous Members๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ,
14:13
Twitter, and Instagram. And try something new!
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ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ, ์ธ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ํŒ”๋กœ์šฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค !
14:16
Download the apps Kiki Time and Hallo. These are more ways I can help you learn
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Kiki Time๊ณผ Hallo ์•ฑ์„ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋งค์ฃผ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋„๋ก ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:21
English each and every week. And hey! Don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ด! ๋‚ด YouTube ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”
14:27
channel. Turn on those notifications.
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. ํ•ด๋‹น ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ์ผญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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