Using Perfect Modals to Express Regrets - English Grammar

13,940 views ใƒป 2021-06-24

English with Jennifer


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:01
Hi everyone. I'm Jennifer from English withย  Jennifer. Let me ask you a personal question.ย ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„. ์ €๋Š” Jennifer์™€ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์˜จ Jennifer์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:08
You don't have to answer. Just think toย  yourself. Do you live with any regrets?ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š” . ํ›„ํšŒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:15
I think we all do. We think about whatย  we should have done and could have done,ย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ํ•˜์ง€
00:20
but didn't. It's not healthy to hold on toย  regrets, but I think if we learn from our choices,ย ย 
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๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ›„ํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ’ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:26
then it's okay to remember the poor ones.ย  Then it's no longer a regret; it's a lesson.
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ํ›„ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตํ›ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
"Should have done" and "could haveย  done" are examples of perfect modals.ย ย 
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"ํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค"์™€ " ํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค"๋Š” ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
We use these forms to talk about the past.ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
We form a perfect modal with a modal verb +ย  "have" + the past participle of the main verb.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ + "have" + ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋กœ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
To talk about regrets and missed opportunities,ย ย 
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ํ›„ํšŒ์™€ ๋†“์นœ ๊ธฐํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ
01:04
we often use "should have" and "could have."ย  In fast speech, "should have" will sound likeย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… "should have"์™€ "could have"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ง์—์„œ "should have"๋Š”
01:13
"should've" or even "shoulda." "Could have" inย  fast speech will often sound like "could've"ย ย 
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"should've" ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด "shoulda"์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น ๋ฅธ ์Šคํ”ผ์น˜์—์„œ 'Could have'๋Š” ์ข…์ข… 'could've'
01:22
or even "coulda." I should haveย  continued to study French in college.
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๋˜๋Š” ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด 'coulda'์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
I could have taken French andย  Russian courses at the same time.
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด์™€ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์–ด ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:42
I would have continued French if someoneย  had encouraged me not to give up.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฒฉ๋ คํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
Notice how a perfect modal with "would" easilyย  fits into an unreal conditional sentence.
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"would"๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์— ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์–ด๋งž๋Š”์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
02:02
Let me show you some photos. What doย  you think each person is thinking?ย ย 
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๋ช‡ ์žฅ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
02:07
Restate each thought with a perfect modal.
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
02:22
I should have told you the truth sooner.ย ย 
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์ข€ ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ.
02:37
I could have gone to a musicalย  while the theater was still open.
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๊ทน์žฅ์ด ์•„์ง ์—ด๋ ค ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฎค์ง€์ปฌ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
I would have said goodbye if I hadย  known Mark was leaving for a long trip.
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Mark๊ฐ€ ์žฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๋– ๋‚œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ž‘๋ณ„ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ํ…๋ฐ.
03:02
We can also form negatives with "shouldย  have" and "would have." Again, look at theย ย 
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"should have"์™€ "would have"๋กœ ๋ถ€์ •์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ
03:08
photo. Tell me what each person is thinking.ย  Restate the thought with a perfect modal.
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์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
03:25
I shouldn't have laughed at Sarah's mistake.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ผ์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋น„์›ƒ์ง€ ๋ง์•˜์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
I wouldn't have come home late and made my parentsย  worry if I had known they were waiting for me.
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์ด ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ง‘์— ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์™€์„œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์„ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:52
Did you know that Michael Keaton passed up theย ย 
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Michael Keaton์ด
03:54
opportunity to play the leadย  in Groundhog Day? Comment withย ย 
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Groundhog Day์—์„œ ์ฃผ์—ฐ์„ ๋งก์„ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋†“์ณค๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ๋Œ“๊ธ€์—
04:00
"should." And did you know that Michelleย  Pfeiffer declined to star in Pretty Woman?
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'ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง๋ถ™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Michelle Pfeiffer๊ฐ€ Pretty Woman ์ถœ์—ฐ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
04:08
Comment with "could."ย ย 
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"ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
04:12
Finally, did you know that Will Smithย  turn down the role of Neo in The Matrix?ย ย 
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์œŒ ์Šค๋ฏธ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋งคํŠธ๋ฆญ์Šค์—์„œ ๋„ค์˜ค ์—ญ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
04:20
Comment with "would." You can postย  all your ideas in the comments.
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"ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ“๊ธ€์„ ๋‹ฌ์•„๋ผ. ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋ชจ๋“  ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
Now you have the grammar to talk about your ownย  regrets and missed opportunities. But remember:ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ›„ํšŒ์™€ ๋†“์นœ ๊ธฐํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ํ˜„๋ช…
04:36
Don't feel so bad about those unwise choices.ย  Learn from them. We'll end here. Please likeย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‚˜์˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
the video if you found it interesting and useful.ย  As always, thanks for watching and happy studies!
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๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ณ  ์œ ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ข‹์•„์š”๋ฅผ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ๋Š˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
04:51
Everyone, visit me on Patreon. Youย  can join to support my online work,ย ย 
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, Patreon์—์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ด ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ ,
04:56
get live lessons, and bonus videos. And some ofย  you may even want a monthly one-on-one video call.
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์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜์—…๊ณผ ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋Š” ๋งค๋‹ฌ ์ผ๋Œ€์ผ ํ™”์ƒ ํ†ตํ™”๋ฅผ ์›ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
Follow me on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.ย ย 
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ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ, ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ, ์ธ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ํŒ”๋กœ์šฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
05:07
And don't forget to subscribe!ย  Turn on those notifications.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”! ํ•ด๋‹น ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ์ผญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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