Prescriptive and Descriptive Grammar ๐ŸŽฌ Learn English with Jennifer

12,964 views ใƒป 2019-03-07

English with Jennifer


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:05
Do you know what kind of movies I probably watch the most?
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์„ธ์š”?
00:09
Well, if you've seen my lesson on the uses of WOULD, then you know I watch a lot of romantic comedies.
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์Œ, WOULD ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋กœ๋งจํ‹ฑ ์ฝ”๋ฏธ๋””๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
Of course, that's not what I watch with my children. Together over the years, we've watched a lot of family movies.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
Family movies usually have little or no swearing,
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๊ฐ€์กฑ ์˜ํ™”๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์š•์„ค์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๊ณ 
00:27
minimal violence, and they're usually filled with innocent humor.
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ํญ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์ฒœ์ง„๋‚œ๋งŒํ•œ ์œ ๋จธ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
In this lesson, I'll recommend five good family movies that you can watch with children.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ํ™” ๋‹ค์„ฏํŽธ์„ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
I've seen them all dozens of times, and I still find them funny.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์•˜๊ณ  ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์žฌ๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
So adults will find these family movies entertaining as well.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด๋ฅธ๋“ค๋„ ์ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
They're not animated and they're not musicals. Those are movies genres of their own.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์• ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ”์ด์…˜๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ๋ฎค์ง€์ปฌ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜ํ™” ์žฅ๋ฅด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
As we go through my countdown, I'd like to talk about a very important language point:
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์นด์šดํŠธ๋‹ค์šด์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด ํฌ์ธํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
prescriptive grammar
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๊ทœ๋ฒ”์  ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•
01:01
versus descriptive grammar.
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๋Œ€ ์„œ์ˆ ์  ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜
01:03
Let's begin.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž.
01:06
Number five: The Goonies. If you were going to be forced out of your home by a land developer,
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๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ: The Goonies. ํ† ์ง€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—…์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์ œ๋กœ ์ซ“๊ฒจ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:13
what would you do?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:16
Well, in this Steven Spielberg movie a group of kids follow a treasure map and try to find pirate treasure.
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์Œ, ์ด ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ ์Šคํ•„๋ฒ„๊ทธ ์˜ํ™”์—์„œ ํ•œ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๋ฌผ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•ด์  ๋ณด๋ฌผ์„ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
Their hope is that the pirate treasure will be enough to help their parents save all of their homes from foreclosure.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํฌ๋ง์€ ํ•ด์  ๋ณด๋ฌผ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ €๋‹น๋ฌผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง‘์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
In grammar, there's something called the subjunctive.
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
One of the things that the subjunctive can help us do is express an unreal situation.
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๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
Although we're talking about the present or future, we use a past form.
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
If you were going to be forced out of your home, what would you do?
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์ง‘์—์„œ ์ซ“๊ฒจ๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:54
Of course, you're not being forced out of your home, but I'm asking you to imagine this.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ฐ•์ œ๋กœ ์ง‘์—์„œ ์ซ“๊ฒจ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
Imagine if you were.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
02:03
In the subjunctive, "were" is the form of BE used for all subjects.
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๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์—์„œ "were"๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์–ด์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” BE์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
I were, you were, he were, she were, and so on.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋žฌ๊ณ , ๋„ˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋žฌ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋žฌ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค.
02:14
We can also use the subjunctive to give advice, as in, "If I were you, this is what I would do."
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๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถฉ๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
02:25
But you'll hear some American English speakers say things like, "If I was you" or "if I was in their place."
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋Š” "If I was you" ๋˜๋Š” "if I was in their place"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
Is that correct?
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๊ทธ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:36
According to most textbooks and according to the rules,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์™€ ๊ทœ์น™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด,
02:40
no, but it's understood. And in everyday conversation it's acceptable.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ดํ•ด๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ์ƒ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
We're talking about the difference between prescriptive and descriptive grammar.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์„ค๋ช… ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
Prescriptive grammar tells us what structures we should use. These are the rules and the standard patterns.
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์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ ํ‘œ์ค€ ํŒจํ„ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
"Prescriptive" is an adjective.
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"์ฒ˜๋ฐฉํ•˜๋‹ค"๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
It comes from the same word family as the verb "prescribe" and the noun "prescription."
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ "์ฒ˜๋ฐฉํ•˜๋‹ค"์™€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ "์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์ „"๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์–ด์กฑ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
Like a doctor writing a prescription. A doctor prescribing medicine.
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์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์ „์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ. ์•ฝ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ.
03:17
Descriptive grammar
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๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์€
03:19
acknowledges what people actually say and write.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
This grammar describes language the way people use it, whether they follow the rules or not.
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์ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋“  ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๋“  ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
I think it's good to be aware of both prescriptive and descriptive grammar.
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์„œ์ˆ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์„œ์ˆ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
Most of the time standard grammar will serve you best, but rules are often broken and language changes over time.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ๊นจ์ง€๊ณ  ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
Also, in communication with other people, you need to handle variations.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ณ€์ด์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
You need to understand which structures and which patterns have the same meaning.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์–ด๋–ค ํŒจํ„ด์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
All right, let's go on.
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์ข‹์•„, ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์ž.
04:14
Number four:
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4๋ฒˆ:
04:15
Baby's Day Out.
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Baby's Day Out.
04:17
This adorable
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด
04:18
comedy follows the adventures of a baby boy who is kidnapped and taken from his very wealthy family.
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์ฝ”๋ฏธ๋””๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋‚ฉ์น˜๋˜์–ด ๋นผ์•—๊ธด ์•„๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ชจํ—˜์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
The three kidnappers think it will be an easy way to earn a lot of money.
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์„ธ ๋ช…์˜ ์œ ๊ดด๋ฒ”์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
But the baby turns out to be much smarter than they are.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•„๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
The bad guys don't really trust each other or like each other, so they're always arguing and this creates more trouble.
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๋‚˜์œ ๋†ˆ๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•˜์ง€๋„, ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•„์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ง๋‹คํˆผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
"Each other" and "one another" are reciprocal pronouns.
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"์„œ๋กœ"์™€ "์„œ๋กœ"๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
In school, I was taught to use "each other" for two people or things and "one another" for three or more.
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ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด "์„œ๋กœ"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ธ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด "์„œ๋กœ"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
Today there's a lot of overlap, and I don't think the distinction matters much anymore.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋Š” ๊ฒน์น˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋งŽ๊ณ  ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
This is a case where descriptive grammar has won the battle. It's become acceptable to use these pronouns
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์„œ์ˆ ์  ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ด ์ „ํˆฌ์—์„œ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ตํ™˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:10
interchangeably,
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05:11
especially in spoken English.
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.
05:15
The kidnappers don't like each other. The kidnappers don't like one another.
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๋‚ฉ์น˜๋ฒ”๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ฉ์น˜๋ฒ”๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
Number three: Matilda.
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3์œ„: ๋งˆํ‹ธ๋‹ค.
05:39
This movie is based on a children's book, and I recommend the audio book read by Kate Winslet. It's hilarious.
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์ด ์˜ํ™”๋Š” ๋™ํ™”์ฑ…์„ ์›์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ผ€์ดํŠธ ์œˆ์Šฌ๋ ›์ด ์ฝ์–ด์ค€ ์˜ค๋””์˜ค๋ถ์„ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›ƒ๊ธฐ๋‹ค.
05:47
The story is about a highly intelligent girl born to ignorant parents.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฌด์ง€ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ๋งค์šฐ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์†Œ๋…€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
The parents are truly terrible. They don't value books or good food.
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ์ •๋ง ๋ฌด์„ญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฑ…์ด๋‚˜ ์ข‹์€ ์Œ์‹์„ ์†Œ์ค‘ํžˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
They'd rather Matilda watched TV and ate frozen dinners.
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์ฐจ๋ผ๋ฆฌ Matilda๊ฐ€ TV๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์–ผ์–ด๋ถ™์€ ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
They also want her to learn the family business of crime and not learn in school.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์—…์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
Luckily, Matilda discovers that she's not only smart, but very
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์šด ์ข‹๊ฒŒ๋„ Matilda๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋งค์šฐ
06:14
gifted and she uses her magical powers to change her life for the better.
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์žฌ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์˜ ํž˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ถ์„ ๋” ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
If you saw my lesson on the uses of WOUILD,
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WOUILD ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:24
you know that we can use WOULD RATHER to talk about what we want someone else to do.
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WOULD RATHER๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
For example, they'd rather she watched TV.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ TV๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋” ์ข‹์•„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
This is actually another use of the subjunctive.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์šฉ๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
The use of the simple past expresses a wish for another situation.
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ๋ง์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
But descriptive grammar
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์€
06:48
acknowledges that the base verb is also used in American English.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
They'd rather she watch TV. They'd rather she watch TV than read.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ TV๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋” ์ข‹์•„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค TV๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋” ์ข‹์•„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
The truth is we don't use WOULD RATHER very often to talk about what we want someone else to do.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” WOULD RATHER๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
There are other choices.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ํƒ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
Let me show you two.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
They wish you would watch TV.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด TV๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
WISH + WOULD + base verb
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WISH + WOULD + ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ
07:21
They would prefer it if she watched TV. WOULD PREFER IT IF + simple past
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They would prefer it if she saw TV. WOULD PREFER IT I I + ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ
07:31
Number two: The Parent Trap.
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2๋ฒˆ: ๋ถ€๋ชจ ํ•จ์ •.
07:34
This is a remake of a movie from 1961.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 1961๋…„ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”์ดํฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
This version stars Lindsay Lohan.
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์ด ๋ฒ„์ „์€ ๋ฆฐ์ œ์ด ๋กœํ•œ์ด ์ถœ์—ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
My daughter and I have watched this family movie many times.
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๋‚ด ๋”ธ๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.
07:45
It's about two girls who have never and then when they do, they discover they're identical twins.
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์ผ๋ž€์„ฑ ์Œ๋‘ฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๋‘ ์†Œ๋…€์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
They plot to get their divorced parents back together. The parents of course never planned to see each other again.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ดํ˜ผํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•ฉ์น  ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณผ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
Well, anyone who watches a family movie knows they'll get a happy ending,
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ž์‹ ์ด ํ•ดํ”ผ์—”๋”ฉ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ
08:06
so I'm not really giving a spoiler when I tell you that the girls get their way in the end.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์†Œ๋…€๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์Šคํฌ์ผ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
Prescriptive grammar tells us that we should use singular reference words for indefinite pronouns like everyone,
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๊ทœ๋ฒ”์  ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ, ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€์ • ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์ฐธ์กฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:21
anyone, someone.
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.
08:23
But in everyday English, it's a lot easier to use plural reference words.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ผ์ƒ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ์ฐธ์กฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
Today both patterns are acceptable.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋‘ ํŒจํ„ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
Anyone who watches a family movie knows they'll get a happy ending.
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๊ฐ€์กฑ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ง์„ ๋งž์ดํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
Anyone who watches a family movie knows he or she will get a happy ending.
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๊ฐ€์กฑ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ž์‹ ์ด ํ•ดํ”ผ์—”๋”ฉ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
Which sounds more natural to me? The first with "they."
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๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” "๊ทธ๋“ค"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
The second is correct, but it sounds rather formal to me. I think descriptive grammar is winning this battle.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋งž์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ํ˜•์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ค๋ช…๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ด ์ด ์ „ํˆฌ์—์„œ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
Number one: The Princess Bride.
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1์œ„: ํ”„๋ฆฐ์„ธ์Šค ๋ธŒ๋ผ์ด๋“œ.
09:18
The Princess Bride and The Parent Trap have both American and British English speakers. That's good practice for your ears.
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Princess Bride์™€ The Parent Trap์—๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์™€ ์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ท€์— ์ข‹์€ ์Šต๊ด€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
I can't say that The Princess Bride will expose you to a lot of everyday conversation,
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The Princess Bride๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€ํ™”์— ๋งŽ์ด ๋…ธ์ถœ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
09:32
but it's very entertaining.
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๋งค์šฐ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
A grandfather is reading a story to a sick grandson, and most of the movie is that book brought to life.
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ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”ˆ ์†์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์–ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์˜ํ™”์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์— ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋„ฃ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
09:43
The story has a bit of everything. There's romance, adventure,
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋กœ๋งจ์Šค, ๋ชจํ—˜,
09:48
humor, and fight scenes.
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์œ ๋จธ, ์ „ํˆฌ ์žฅ๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
My whole family has watched this movie together several times. We love it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ์ด ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
I've talked about the use of THERE IS and THERE ARE in other lessons.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ THERE IS์™€ THERE ARE์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
The basic rule is to use "there is"
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ทœ์น™์€ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์— "there is"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
10:04
before a singular noun and "there are" before a plural noun.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์— "there are"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
But it's acceptable in American English to use "there is" or the contraction "there's"
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ธ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์— "there is" ๋˜๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜• "there's"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:14
before a singular noun or uncountable noun that's the first item in a list.
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.
10:22
Again descriptive grammar has probably won a little battle here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ „ํˆฌ์—์„œ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
There are more examples of descriptive grammar, but I'll save them for a future lesson. After all, there are more movies to recommend.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์˜ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜์ค‘ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ €์žฅํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•  ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
Let's end here. Please remember to like this video and share it with other people learning English.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋๋‚ด์ž. ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
10:56
As always, thanks for watching and happy studies!
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๋Š˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
11:02
Become a member of my learning community. Click the JOIN button to become a member of my YouTube channel English with Jennifer.
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๋‚ด ํ•™์Šต ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์˜ ํšŒ์›์ด ๋˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. JOIN ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ์˜์–ด ์ฑ„๋„์˜ ํšŒ์›์ด ๋˜์„ธ์š”.
11:10
You'll get a special badge,
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ํŠน๋ณ„ ๋ฐฐ์ง€,
11:12
bonus posts, on-screen credit, and a monthly live stream.
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๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ๊ฒŒ์‹œ๋ฌผ, ์˜จ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ ํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ๋ฐ ์›”๊ฐ„ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
Note that YouTube channel memberships are not available in every country at this time.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” YouTube ์ฑ„๋„ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„์‹ญ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
I'd like to say a very special thank you to the current members of my channel.
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์ œ ์ฑ„๋„์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ํšŒ์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ง์„ ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
Hopefully, more of you will join us for the next live stream.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆผ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
Follow me and gain more practice on Facebook and Twitter. I also have new videos on Instagram.
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์ €๋ฅผ ํŒ”๋กœ์šฐํ•˜๊ณ  Facebook๊ณผ Twitter์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ธ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜์ƒ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
11:40
If you haven't already,
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์•„์ง ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:42
subscribe to my channel so you get
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11:44
notification of every new video I upload to YouTube.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ YouTube์— ์—…๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒˆ ๋™์˜์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ œ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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