English Grammar: 7 Things You Should Know about Uncountable Nouns

33,170 views ใƒป 2017-08-25

English with Jennifer


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Can you tell if someone's lying?
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
00:04
What signs are there?
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ใฉใ‚“ใชๅ…†ๅ€™ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:06
You blush. You...your hands sweat. Your forehead sweats. Your armpits sweat.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ตค้ขใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ...ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ‰‹ใฏๆฑ—ใ‚’ใ‹ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ้กใซๆฑ—ใŒใซใ˜ใ‚€ใ€‚ ่„‡ๆฑ—ใ€‚
00:11
And you, um, and you might laugh or giggle.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ฌ‘ใฃใŸใ‚Šใใ™ใใ™็ฌ‘ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:17
Or you just don't look at them. Like you look down, or you look to the other side.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใชใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ฆ‹ไธ‹ใ‚ใ™ใ‹ใ€ๅๅฏพๅดใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚
00:24
If they repeat themselves...
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ใชใ‚‰...
00:27
If they don't make eye contact...
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ใ—ใชใ„ใชใ‚‰...
00:31
Maybe they talk too fast.
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ๅคšๅˆ†ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆ—ฉๅฃใงใ™.
00:34
What's a white lie?
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็™ฝใ„ๅ˜˜ใจใฏ๏ผŸ
00:37
A small lie where lying isn't too serious.
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ๅ˜˜ใŒใ‚ใพใ‚Šๆทฑๅˆปใงใฏใชใ„ๅฐใ•ใชๅ˜˜ใ€‚
00:43
Can you give an example?
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ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:45
If you had a bad day and someone asks, "How was your day?"
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ๅซŒใชๆ—ฅใ ใฃใŸใจใใซ่ชฐใ‹ใซใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใฉใ†ใ ใฃใŸ๏ผŸใ€ใจ่žใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:50
You say it was fine.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅคงไธˆๅคซใ ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:53
How about you? Do you ever tell white lies?
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ๅ›ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผŸ ็™ฝใ„ๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใ„ใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:57
Do you think it's always best to tell the truth?
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใฎใŒๅธธใซๆœ€ๅ–„ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
01:02
In this lesson, we'll look at countable nouns like "signs" and "lies."
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€ใ€Œๅ…†ๅ€™ใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œๅ˜˜ใ€ใชใฉใฎๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:08
And we'll figure out how a noun like "truth" is different.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œ็œŸๅฎŸใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ่ฉžใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้•ใ†ใฎใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:13
Do you already know?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ™ใงใซ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:15
Is truth countable or uncountable?
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็œŸๅฎŸใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‹.
01:22
[title]
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[ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใƒซ]
01:35
There are different names, different grammar terms for nouns we can't count.
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ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใซใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅๅ‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–‡ๆณ•็”จ่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:42
[reads]
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[่ชญใ‚€]
01:50
Some common signs of lying are uncountable nouns.
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ๅ˜˜ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ…†ๅ€™ใฏใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใงใ™.
01:54
Like "laughter"..."eye contact"...or "no eye contact."
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ใ€Œ็ฌ‘ใ„ใ€โ€ฆใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒˆใ€โ€ฆใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒˆใชใ—ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚
02:01
We can't count these things.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ“ใจใฏๆ•ฐใˆๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:08
Uncountable nouns take a singular verb.
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ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใฏๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:12
Here are some examples.
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ไธ‹่จ˜ใฏ็”จไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:14
[reads]
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[่ชญใ‚€]
02:33
So did I just give the answer to an earlier question?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใฏๅ‰ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
02:38
Is "truth" an uncountable noun?
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ใ€Œ็œŸๅฎŸใ€ใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:41
Well, often yes. But let's go on to my third point and you'll get a complete answer.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใช็ญ”ใˆใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
02:52
Some nouns can be both uncountable and countable.
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ไธ€้ƒจใฎๅ่ฉžใฏใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใจๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:59
I just gave the example: Was there any truth to what he said?
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็งใฏไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใŸใ ใ‘ใงใ™๏ผšๅฝผใฎ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซ็œŸๅฎŸใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
03:09
[reads]
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[่ชญใฟๅ–ใ‚Š]
03:31
Both examples are correct.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:33
The first is an uncountable noun.
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ใพใšใฏไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
03:36
The second is countable. It's a plural noun: truths.
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2็•ช็›ฎใฏๅฏ็ฎ—ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใงใ™๏ผš็œŸๅฎŸใ€‚
03:44
Specific facts can be called truths.
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็‰นๅฎšใฎไบ‹ๅฎŸใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใจๅ‘ผใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:48
With the countable meaning we often use the plural noun.
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ๅฏ็ฎ—ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ˆใ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:54
The uncountable noun "truth" is more general and abstract.
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ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใ€Œ็œŸๅฎŸใ€ใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงๆŠฝ่ฑก็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:00
"The truth" refers to the general concept of what is real and what is true.
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ใ€Œ็œŸๅฎŸใ€ใจใฏใ€ไฝ•ใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใงไฝ•ใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆฆ‚ๅฟตใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:08
"Truth" is also a quality, the quality of being true.
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ใ€Œ็œŸๅฎŸใ€ใ‚‚ๅ“่ณชใ€็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๅ“่ณชใงใ™ใ€‚
04:15
The uncountable noun "truth" takes a singular verb.
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ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใ€Œ็œŸๅฎŸใ€ใฏๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:20
There's a well-known quote from the American TV series The X-Files.
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ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ ใ‚ทใƒชใƒผใ‚บ X ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒซใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎๆœ‰ๅใชๅผ•็”จใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:25
The famous tagline is "The truth is out there."
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ๆœ‰ๅใชใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใƒใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฏใ€Œ็œŸๅฎŸใฏใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:36
Often when we have noun with both meanings, the uncountable noun is more general or abstract.
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไธกๆ–นใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใคๅ่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใฎๆ–นใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใพใŸใฏๆŠฝ่ฑก็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:44
The countable noun is usually more specific in nature.
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ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ๆœฌ่ณช็š„ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:51
Here are additional examples of nouns with countable and uncountable meanings.
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ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใจๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใคๅ่ฉžใฎ่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฌกใซ็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:57
As I list the sentences, see how quickly you can identify the countable and uncountable nouns. Ready?
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ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ่ฉžใจๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใ่ญ˜ๅˆฅใงใใ‚‹ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๆบ–ๅ‚™๏ผŸ
05:06
[reads]
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[่ชญใ‚€]
06:40
Challenge yourself to think of other words with uncountable and countable meanings.
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ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๆ„ๅ‘ณใจๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใคไป–ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.
06:46
Can you see the difference between abstract and specific (concrete)?
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ๆŠฝ่ฑกใจๅ…ทไฝ“๏ผˆๅ…ทไฝ“๏ผ‰ใฎ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:51
Think of words like adventure and video.
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ๅ†’้™บใ‚„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:04
One way to help identify uncountable nouns is to remember common categories these nouns belong to.
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ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใ‚’่ญ˜ๅˆฅใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใค 1 ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ่ฉžใŒๅฑžใ™ใ‚‹ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:12
A few years back, I had the amazing experience of co-authoring a grammar book (for classroom use).
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ๆ•ฐๅนดๅ‰ใ€็งใฏ๏ผˆๆ•™ๅฎคใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹๏ผ‰ๆ–‡ๆณ•ๆ›ธใ‚’ๅ…ฑๅŒๅŸท็ญ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:17
Next Generation Grammar 3.
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Next Generation Grammar
07:19
And the appendix has a list of these categories.
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3ใ€‚ไป˜้Œฒใซใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:23
I'll share some with you.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใจใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:27
Nouns like LAW, BUSINESS, and SALES are occupations or fields.
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LAWใ€BUSINESSใ€SALES ใชใฉใฎๅ่ฉžใฏ่ทๆฅญใพใŸใฏๅˆ†้‡Žใงใ™ใ€‚
07:33
In the abstract sense, they're uncountable.
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ๆŠฝ่ฑก็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:37
What field do you work in? Business? Education? Engineering?
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ใฉใฎๅˆ†้‡Žใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ไป•ไบ‹๏ผŸ ๆ•™่‚ฒ๏ผŸ ใ‚จใƒณใ‚ธใƒ‹ใ‚ขใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐ๏ผŸ
07:45
Similarly, subjects we study are uncountable nouns.
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ๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€็งใŸใกใŒ็ ”็ฉถใ™ใ‚‹ไธป่ชžใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
07:49
Anthropology, art, history.
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ไบบ้กžๅญฆใ€่Šธ่ก“ใ€ๆญดๅฒใ€‚
07:53
What did you study in college? Or what do you want to study?
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ๅคงๅญฆใงใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:00
Nouns like paper, plastic, glass, and wood are materials.
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็ด™ใ€ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใ‚ฌใƒฉใ‚นใ€ๆœจๆใชใฉใฎๅ่ฉžใฏ็ด ๆใงใ™ใ€‚
08:06
And they're uncountable when we use them in the general or abstract sense.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใพใŸใฏๆŠฝ่ฑก็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:12
What are you wearing right now? Cotton, silk, nylon?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไปŠไฝ•ใ‚’็€ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ณใƒƒใƒˆใƒณใ€ใ‚ทใƒซใ‚ฏใ€ใƒŠใ‚คใƒญใƒณ๏ผŸ
08:21
Names of sports and activities are often uncountable, and they take a singular verb.
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ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใ‚„ๆดปๅ‹•ใฎๅๅ‰ใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใใ€ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:27
Baseball, dancing, yoga, hockey.
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้‡Ž็ƒใ€ใƒ€ใƒณใ‚นใ€ใƒจใ‚ฌใ€ใƒ›ใƒƒใ‚ฑใƒผใ€‚
08:31
What are your favorite activities? Reading? Hiking?
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ใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ“ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ่ชญใ‚€๏ผŸ ใƒใ‚คใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐ๏ผŸ
08:38
We use uncountable nouns to refer to events in our lives or in history.
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็งใŸใกใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใ‚„ๆญดๅฒใฎๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใ‚’่กจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:44
Birth, death, marriage. But if we get specific, we can use these nouns with a countable meaning.
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่ช•็”Ÿใ€ๆญปใ€็ตๅฉšใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ่ฉžใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:52
For example, we can talk about having multiple marriages. Marriages to different people.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎ็ตๅฉšใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชไบบใ€…ใจใฎ็ตๅฉšใ€‚
09:00
Nouns that refer to food or drink are countable if we're referring to specific ones or specific types.
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้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚„้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ™ๅ่ฉžใฏใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚„็‰นๅฎšใฎ็จฎ้กžใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏๅฏ็ฎ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:09
But if we're using these words in the general sense, then they're uncountable.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:14
Like bread, tea, cereal, milk. What do you drink at breakfast?
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ใƒ‘ใƒณใ€ใŠ่Œถใ€ใ‚ทใƒชใ‚ขใƒซใ€็‰›ไนณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚ ๆœ้ฃŸใซไฝ•ใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:20
Coffee, tea, hot cocoa?
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ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ€็ด…่Œถใ€ใƒ›ใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ณใ‚ณใ‚ข๏ผŸ
09:30
We can use quantifying phrases to make uncountable nouns countable.
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้‡ๅŒ–ๅฅใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:38
There are some quantifiers that you can use with countable and uncountable nouns.
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ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ่ฉžใจๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹้‡ๆŒ‡ๅฎšๅญใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:43
Here are some you likely know, but it's good to review them.
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ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:48
[reads]
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[่ชญใ‚€]
10:32
Then there are quantifying phrases you can only use with uncountable nouns.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใงใฎใฟไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹้‡ๅŒ–ๅฅใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:38
See if you know these.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:41
[reads]
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[่ชญใ‚€
10:57
In English we also use some very specific words to refer to an amount of something.
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] ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎ้‡ใ‚’่กจใ™ใŸใ‚ใซ้žๅธธใซๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชๅ˜่ชžใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™.
11:04
Let's see if you're familiar with some of these quantifying phrases.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ•ฐ้‡ๅŒ–ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใซ็ฒพ้€šใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
11:09
I'll share some now and some more on Facebook.
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Facebookใงใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:12
[reads]
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[่ชญใฟๅ–ใ‚Š]
11:18
Make the most logical and natural-sounding matches.
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚่ซ–็†็š„ใง่‡ช็„ถใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ไธ€่‡ดใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:33
[reads]
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[่ชญใ‚€]
11:54
Don't confuse uncountable nouns with collective nouns.
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ไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใจ้›†ๅˆๅ่ฉžใ‚’ๆททๅŒใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:00
Uncountable nouns are often abstract or just a mass of something.
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ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใฏใ€ๆŠฝ่ฑก็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๅ˜ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๅกŠใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:05
[reads]
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[่ชญใ‚€]
12:11
But a collective noun refers to a group. A group of something. A group that has members.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€้›†ๅˆๅ่ฉžใฏใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ€‚ ใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ€‚
12:19
Here are some examples of collective nouns.
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้›†ๅˆๅ่ฉžใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฌกใซ็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:22
[reads]
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[่ชญใ‚€]
12:37
Unlike uncountable nouns, collectives nouns can have a singular or plural meaning, depending on the context.
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ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใ€้›†ๅˆๅ่ฉžใฏๆ–‡่„ˆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆๅ˜ๆ•ฐใพใŸใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
12:45
But in American English, collective nouns are almost always singular (in meaning - take a singular verb).
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€้›†ๅˆๅ่ฉžใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงใ™ (ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ™)ใ€‚
12:51
Truthfully, American English speakers may choose to avoid using collective nouns with a plural verb.
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ๆญฃ็›ดใชใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ไบบใฏใ€้›†ๅˆๅ่ฉžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฎไฝฟ็”จใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:59
See these sentences?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
13:02
Here's how I'd prefer to rewrite them.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŒใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็›ดใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฅฝใ‚€ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:13
So it's safe to say that both uncountable nouns and collective nouns take a singular verb in American English.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใจ้›†ๅˆๅ่ฉžใฎไธกๆ–นใŒใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚้Ž่จ€ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:22
Do they use the same quantifiers? The same quantifying phrases?
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅŒใ˜้‡ๆŒ‡ๅฎšๅญใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ๅŒใ˜ๆ•ฐ้‡ๅŒ–ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
13:27
No. First of all, we can usually make collective nouns plural:
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ใพใš็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€้€šๅธธใ€้›†ๅˆๅ่ฉžใ‚’่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซ
13:32
[reads]
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13:38
So we can talk about several committees or several teams, but we can't talk about several "advices."
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:45
"Advice" remains an uncountable noun. No -s.
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ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€ใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใฎใพใพใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ใˆ -sใ€‚
13:51
Second, collective nouns themselves can help us quantify things.
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็ฌฌไบŒใซใ€้›†ๅˆๅ่ฉž่‡ชไฝ“ใŒ็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’ๅฎš้‡ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
13:58
I'll share some examples now and some on Facebook.
108
838540
4160
ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใจ Facebook ใงใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:02
[reads]
109
842800
1560
[่ชญใฟๅ–ใ‚Š]
14:07
Make the most common matches.
110
847200
2520
ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชไธ€่‡ดใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:20
[reads]
111
860680
1320
[่ชญใ‚€]
14:36
Well, I hope you picked up some new information and learned a few new quantifying phrases.
112
876920
6000
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆ•ฐ้‡ๅŒ–ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
14:42
That's all for now. Thanks for watching and happy studies!
113
882920
4800
ใใ‚ŒใฏไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ™ในใฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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