Possessive Nouns, Inanimate Nouns - English Grammar with JenniferESL

154,604 views ใƒป 2016-02-26

English with Jennifer


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
This is my laptop, and this is the cord.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใงใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:05
Is it correct to say "my laptop's cord"
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ใ€Œ็งใฎใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„
00:09
or the cord of my laptop?
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚็งใฎใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ‹?
00:12
Can we show possession with inanimate nouns?
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็„ก็”Ÿ็‰ฉๅ่ฉžใงๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ‚’็คบใ™ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™ใ‹?
00:16
That is, a noun that doesn't refer to a living thing.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็”Ÿ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ•ใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
00:21
I'll tell you the answer by the end of today's lesson.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใงใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
00:29
English with Jennifer
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ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใจ
00:44
An apostrophe helps us show possession in English.
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ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชž ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๆจฉใ‚’็คบใ™ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
00:48
So "Jennifer's computer" and "the teacher's computer"
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ใจใ€Œๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ€
00:53
are both correct.
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ใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:55
It's mine. I own this computer.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:08
The same is true for animals.
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ๅ‹•็‰ฉใซใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใŒ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
01:11
We can talk about a bird's nest or the lion's roar.
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้ณฅใฎๅทฃใ‚„ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ชใƒณใฎๅ’†ๅ“ฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:16
And when two people own something together,
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ใพใŸใ€2 ไบบใŒไธ€็ท’ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
01:20
we still need an apostrophe ( ' ) S.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃ (') S ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
01:23
For example, Alex and Natasha's playroom.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใจใƒŠใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใฎใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใƒซใƒผใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:26
The children's playroom.
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ๅญไพ›ใฎใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใƒซใƒผใƒ ใ€‚
01:29
The rule changes when we have a plural noun ending in -S
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-S ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฎๅ่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใพใŸใฏ 2 ไบบใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€่ฆๅ‰‡ใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
01:34
or when two people own different things.
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ใ€‚
01:39
Similar, but different.
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ไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:42
Let me show you some examples.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:46
Which of these two phrases about the playroom
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ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใƒซใƒผใƒ ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ๆฌกใฎ 2 ใคใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฎใ†ใก
01:50
refers to two or more children?
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ใ€2 ไบบไปฅไธŠใฎๅญไพ›ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ™ใฎใฏใฉใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹?
01:56
The first one.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ1ใคใ€‚
01:58
When you have a plural noun that end in -S,
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-S ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
02:01
just an apostrophe to show possession.
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ใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใ ใ‘ใงๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:05
The kids' playroom.
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ใ‚ญใƒƒใ‚บใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใƒซใƒผใƒ ใ€‚
02:09
Look at these next two examples.
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ๆฌกใฎ 2 ใคใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:11
Can you easily tell which one means
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02:15
that the children have separate rooms?
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ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใŒๅˆฅใ€…ใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹็ฐกๅ˜ใซใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
02:21
The second one, right?
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2ใค็›ฎใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
02:23
If I say "Alex and Natasha's room,"
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็งใŒใ€Œใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใจใƒŠใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€
02:26
it means they share a room together.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไธ€็ท’ใซ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™.
02:30
But "Alex's and Natasha's rooms"
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใจใƒŠใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ€ใจ
02:34
means they each have their own.
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ใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใซ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:48
So now let's talk about inanimate nouns.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€็„ก็”Ÿ็‰ฉๅ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:51
Those are nouns that don't refer to living things.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็”Ÿใ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ•ใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
02:54
They aren't names of people or animals.
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ไบบใ‚„ๅ‹•็‰ฉใฎๅๅ‰ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:58
Do inanimate nouns have possessive forms?
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็„ก็”Ÿ็‰ฉๅ่ฉžใซใฏๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๆ ผใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
03:01
Or can they?
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:04
Yes.
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚
03:06
Can we use 'S with inanimate nouns?
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'S ใฏ็„ก็”Ÿ็‰ฉๅ่ฉžใจไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ‹?
03:12
Yes again.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใพใŸใ€‚
03:14
The big question is when?
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ๅคงใใชๅ•้กŒใฏใ„ใคใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็”Ÿ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ•ใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใฎๅพŒใซ
03:16
When is it correct to use 'S
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'S ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ„ใคใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„
03:19
after a noun that doesn't refer to a living thing?
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ใงใ™ใ‹?
03:24
Let me show you four cases when it's common to do this.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใฎใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช 4 ใคใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:33
We use 'S when a noun refers to a group of people
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ๅ่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹็จฎใฎๆดปๅ‹•ใซๅพ“ไบ‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ™ๅ ดๅˆใ€'S ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
03:38
engaged in some kind of activity.
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ใ€‚
03:41
It's a collective activity.
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ๅ›ฃไฝ“ๆดปๅ‹•ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:44
Here's an example.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:46
My home right now is in Boston,
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็งใฎๅฎถใฏ็พๅœจใƒœใ‚นใƒˆใƒณใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
03:48
but I'm originally from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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ใŒใ€ๅ‡บ่บซใฏใƒšใƒณใ‚ทใƒซใƒ™ใƒ‹ใ‚ขๅทžใƒ”ใƒƒใƒ„ใƒใƒผใ‚ฐใงใ™ใ€‚
03:52
And Pittsburgh is a big sports town.
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ใใ—ใฆใƒ”ใƒƒใƒ„ใƒใƒผใ‚ฐใฏใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใฎ่ก—ใ€‚
03:55
Pittsburgh's love of sports is seen at every sporting event
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ใƒ”ใƒƒใƒ„ใƒใƒผใ‚ฐใฎใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใธใฎๆ„›ๆƒ…ใฏ
03:59
when fans wave their Terrible Towels.
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ใ€ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใŒใฒใฉใ„ใ‚ฟใ‚ชใƒซใ‚’ๆŒฏใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ ใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
04:02
Yes, I still have my black-and-gold towel.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใพใ ้ป’ใจ้‡‘ใฎใ‚ฟใ‚ชใƒซใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:07
I just said, "Pittsburgh's love of sports."
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ใ€Œใƒ”ใƒƒใƒ„ใƒใƒผใ‚ฐใฎใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใธใฎๆ„›ๆƒ…ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:10
Why?
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ใชใ‚“ใง๏ผŸ
04:12
Because I'm not talking about the city as a place.
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ๅ ดๆ‰€ใจใ—ใฆใฎ้ƒฝๅธ‚ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:16
But I'm talking about the sports community,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ ใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ€
04:20
a group of fans.
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ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:22
So they're engaged in a collective activity.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้›†ๅ›ฃๆดปๅ‹•ใซๅพ“ไบ‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:25
Pittsburgh's love of sports.
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ใƒ”ใƒƒใƒ„ใƒใƒผใ‚ฐใฎใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใธใฎๆ„›ใ€‚
04:27
For that same reason, I wouldn't talk about Boston's weather.
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ๅŒใ˜็†็”ฑใงใ€็งใฏใƒœใ‚นใƒˆใƒณใฎๅคฉๆฐ—ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“.
04:33
I'd probably prefer to use "the weather in Boston."
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ใ€Œใƒœใ‚นใƒˆใƒณใฎๅคฉๆฐ—ใ€ใฎๆ–นใŒใ„ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:37
Because in this case I'm not referring to a group of people.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใฏไบบใ€…ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ๅŠใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™.
04:42
I'm just talking about a geographical place.
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็งใฏๅœฐ็†็š„ใชๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:48
Speaking of collectivity,
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้›†ๅˆๆ€งใจใ„ใˆใฐใ€
04:50
don't forget that we have a whole category of collective nouns.
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้›†ๅˆๅ่ฉžใฎๅ…จใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:54
A collective noun refers to a group of people,
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้›†ๅˆๅ่ฉžใฏไบบใ€…ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—
04:58
and it functions as a unit.
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ใ€ใƒฆใƒ‹ใƒƒใƒˆใจใ—ใฆๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:00
So consider these examples.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:12
These groups own something together.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฏไธ€็ท’ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:15
They share something together,
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไธ€็ท’ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใ€
05:18
And we show this with 'S.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ 'S.
05:28
We use 'S when a noun refers to a time
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ๅ่ฉžใŒๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๅ‚็…งใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ 'S ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ
05:32
and we need to express what we associate with that time.
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ใ—ใ€ใใฎๆ™‚้–“ใซ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:37
I said I'd give you an answer
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05:40
by the end of today's lesson.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใพใงใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:43
We often use a possessive form with TODAY,
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TODAYใ€
05:47
YESTERDAY, THIS YEAR, and other time words
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YESTERDAYใ€THIS YEARใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณใใฎไป–ใฎๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใงๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๆ ผใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€
05:52
to show what we associate with that period of time.
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ใใฎๆœŸ้–“ใซ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็คบใ™ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:57
Here are some examples.
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ไธ‹่จ˜ใฏ็”จไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:17
So in all three examples,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€3 ใคใฎไพ‹ใ™ในใฆใง
06:19
it's about matching information or a topic to a time period.
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ใ€ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใพใŸใฏใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ๆœŸ้–“ใซไธ€่‡ดใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
06:30
We also use 'S with measurements.
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ใพใŸใ€'S ใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšๅ€คใจใจใ‚‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:34
The noun refers to a period of time
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ๅ่ฉžใฏใ€
06:37
in order to help us measure something
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคๆœŸ้–“ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—
06:41
You'll understand once you see examples
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ใพใ™
06:44
of how a time word helps us measure an amount.
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ใ€‚ๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒ้‡ใฎๆธฌๅฎšใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚Œใฐ็†่งฃใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:49
Try answering these questions.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:00
You usually need to give two weeks' notice.
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้€šๅธธใ€2 ้€ฑ้–“ๅ‰ใซ้€š็Ÿฅใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:18
That's for the first and last month.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆœˆใจๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆœˆใงใ™ใ€‚
07:29
Usually yes.
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้€šๅธธใฏใ„ใ€‚
07:31
You might get one month's pay, for example.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€1 ใ‹ๆœˆๅˆ†ใฎ็ตฆไธŽใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:34
Or if you've worked at the company for many years,
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใใฎไผš็คพใง้•ทๅนดๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
07:37
you may get six months' pay.
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€6 ใ‹ๆœˆๅˆ†ใฎ็ตฆไธŽใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:42
So remember we can make a time word possessive
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้‡ใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซๆ™‚้–“่ชžใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๆ ผใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
07:45
to show an amount.
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ใ€‚
07:53
Finally, we use 'S with an inanimate noun
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ๆœ€ๅพŒ
07:58
when we're referring to parts of a whole.
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ใซใ€ๅ…จไฝ“ใฎไธ€้ƒจใ‚’ๅ‚็…งใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€็„ก็”Ÿ็‰ฉๅ่ฉžใจใจใ‚‚ใซ 'S ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:02
Here are some examples.
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ไธ‹่จ˜ใฏ็”จไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:04
The school's two campuses.
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ๅญฆๆ กใฎ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒ‘ใ‚นใ€‚
08:09
The Titanic's watertight compartments.
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ใ‚ฟใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎๆฐดๅฏ†ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ€‚
08:12
The hotel's 200 guest rooms.
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ใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใฎ200ๅฎคใฎๅฎขๅฎคใ€‚
08:20
So let's get back to my first question.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏๆœ€ๅˆใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:23
Should I say "my laptop's cord"
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ใ€Œ็งใฎใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใ€ใฎใ€Œ็งใฎใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ในใ
08:26
of "the cord of my laptop"?
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ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:31
It's a trick question.
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ใฒใฃใ‹ใ‘ๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚
08:33
I probably wouldn't say it either way.
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ๅคšๅˆ†ใฉใกใ‚‰ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:36
I'd probably use "my computer cord"
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็งใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€Œ็งใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใ€
08:39
or "the cord to my laptop."
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ็งใฎใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใธใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:41
Don't forget that prepositions help us express relationships.
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฏ้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:47
And in this case "to" nicely shows a connection.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฎใ€Œtoใ€ใฏใคใชใŒใ‚Šใ‚’ใ†ใพใ่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:51
The cord to my laptop.
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็งใฎใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใธใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใ€‚
08:54
But I also said, "My computer cord."
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:57
Computer cord.
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ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใ€‚
08:59
Nouns can modify other nouns.
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ๅ่ฉžใฏไป–ใฎๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฟฎ้ฃพใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:02
They're called noun modifiers.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅ่ฉžไฟฎ้ฃพๅญใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
09:04
Let me show you some more examples.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ไพ‹ใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:41
Now compare these phrases.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:44
Here's one you saw earlier.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไปฅๅ‰ใซ่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
09:46
Pittsburgh's love of sports.
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ใƒ”ใƒƒใƒ„ใƒใƒผใ‚ฐใฎใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใธใฎๆ„›ใ€‚
09:49
Remember this use of "Pittsburgh"
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ใ“ใฎใ€Œใƒ”ใƒƒใƒ„ใƒใƒผใ‚ฐใ€ใฎไฝฟ็”จใฏ
09:52
referred to a group of people in the city.
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ใ€ๅธ‚ๅ†…ใฎไบบใ€…ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:55
Similarly, we can talk about Chicago's hockey team.
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ๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€ใ‚ทใ‚ซใ‚ดใฎใƒ›ใƒƒใ‚ฑใƒผ ใƒใƒผใƒ ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:59
The people have organized a team.
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ไบบใ€…ใฏใƒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’็ต„็น”ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:02
But when we name the team,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใƒใƒผใƒ ใซๅๅ‰ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€
10:06
we simply say, "The Chicago Blackhawks"...without 'S.
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ๅ˜ใซใ€Œใ‚ทใ‚ซใ‚ดใƒปใƒ–ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒ›ใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚นใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™...ใ€ŒS.
10:12
The name just focuses on the hometown,
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ๅๅ‰ใฏใ€ใƒใƒผใƒ ใฎๅ‡บ่บซๅœฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ•…้ƒทใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใ„
10:15
where the team is from.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:17
Does that make sense?
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็†ใซใ‹ใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:20
Just note this pattern:
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ใ“ใฎใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:23
For names of sports teams,
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ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ ใƒใƒผใƒ ใฎๅๅ‰ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€
10:25
simply state the city without 'S.
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'S.
10:35
Let's wrap up with some questions for discussion.
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่ญฐ่ซ–ใฎใŸใ‚ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใง็ท ใ‚ใใใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
11:16
If I've made you curious with my questions,
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็งใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใŸใชใ‚‰
11:19
why don't you try searching for the answers online?
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ใ€ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใง็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹?
11:27
That's all for now.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ™ในใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
11:28
Thanks for watching and happy studies!
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ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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