Advanced Conversation with Jennifer on the Environment & Climate Change 🌎

12,261 views ・ 2019-10-04

English with Jennifer


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

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Hi everyone.
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I'm Jennifer from English with Jennifer, and I'm ready to share another current issue. If you'd like to communicate more
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confidently and effectively in English, remember to subscribe to my YouTube channel.
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I have videos on many different topics, from current issues to grammar, and everything in between:
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pronunciation, vocabulary,
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reading, writing, listening, and American culture.
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Let's get started with our new topic.
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A couple of things have made the environment a central issue in U.S. news.
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First, it's election season here, and all the top Democratic presidential candidates have laid out their plans to address climate change.
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We'll see how Trump responds as we get closer to the general election.
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Second, most of us have heard the passionate voice of a 16-year-old Swedish girl.
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If you don't know who I'm talking about, then stick around. In this video, we'll focus on the environment and climate change.
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As has been my practice,
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I'm going to make the effort to remain neutral. My goal here isn't to support any political party or political agenda.
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I'm not going to pass judgment on any politician, any activist, or any corporation.
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An English language teacher, I'm here to offer
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vocabulary and information that learners will need to follow and participate in discussions about the environment.
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Because it's election season, American voters are giving the environment high priority.
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But it's fair to say that this is a global issue, so we need to have conversations at different levels:
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global, national, and local.
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All the talk is about climate change.
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When usual weather patterns are replaced by new ones, that's climate change. There's a lot of concern about global warming.
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That's the rise in temperature here on Earth.
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If temperatures rise, what are the possible effects?
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Well, ice melts and heat, right?
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So we need to pay attention to the glaciers,
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those large pieces of ice. If they melt, they add water to the sea.
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If there's more water going into our oceans,
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we can worry about sea levels.
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Higher sea levels endanger coastal towns.
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Rising sea levels are a possible result of global warming. When scientists and
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activists warn us, they talked about the dangers of global warming,
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the consequences of global warming,
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the dangers of climate change, the consequences of climate change.
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I'm not a scientist, but I have a basic understanding of what's going on with the environment,
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so I'll just keep explaining in simple terms. Okay?
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I apologize if I'm not wholly accurate, but I promise you'll get the main ideas and key vocabulary.
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You see, people worry and argue about how much human activity has contributed to global warming.
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Individuals, companies, and countries all have what's called a carbon footprint.
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That's the carbon or CO2 that we put into the atmosphere.
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Too much carbon dioxide traps heat and leads to higher temperatures.
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Deforestation certainly doesn't help. We can't cut down all our forests and expect to survive.
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We need enough trees to help us deal with greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide.
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Our use of fossil fuels, namely coal, oil, and gas,
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contribute to the greenhouse effect.
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That's the idea of our Earth becoming like a warm greenhouse that traps in heat.
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Too much heat is bad.
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Many people view the current situation as a global crisis, a climate crisis.
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If we agree that we've created a problem, then we need to talk about solutions.
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Our politicians are proposing different climate plans.
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There are different ideas about how we can stop and reverse global warming.
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Some discussions and actions have already taken place at the international level.
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You'll hear politicians and the media mention the Paris Climate Agreement
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or the Paris Climate Accord. They're the same thing, I think.
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This is an international plan to address environmental issues, specifically climate change.
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The U.S. was part of this agreement in the past, but has since pulled out.
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Rejoining the agreement seems likely if a Democratic presidential candidate wins the next election, but we'll see.
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Trump had his reasons for withdrawing.
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International discussions are complex because we're a mix of developed and developing countries.
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Do we all share the same climate goals?
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Policies will continue to be made and negotiated. When you hear people talk about
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mitigation policies, they're talking about lowering something,
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decreasing something. In this case, we want to mitigate greenhouse gases. We want to mitigate carbon emissions.
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To achieve mitigation, we have to rethink our energy infrastructure, that is, how the whole system is set up.
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For a long time, we relied on fossil fuels in the fossil fuel industry.
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There's general agreement that we need to be more energy efficient.
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We need to make good use of our resources and protect our resources,
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like land.
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There's a lot of talk about how to transition away from fossil fuels to clean energy, renewable energy.
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To stop the use of something, the government has to say no. In other words,
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they have to create a ban, a ban on something.
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As part of their climate plans, some politicians propose banning certain practices,
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banning practices that don't use renewable energy and that hurt the environment.
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Proposals include banning mountaintop coal mining, also called mountaintop removal mining;
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banning offshore drilling for oil;
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banning energy extraction in general;
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banning fracking, which is short for hydraulic fracturing. Just say "fracking."
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Fracking is a process of drilling into the ground to get oil or gas from shale rock.
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Some arguments against fracking include concern about the possible tremors that result from the drilling,
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and concern that fracking can hurt drinking water,
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and concern over the huge amounts of water that are needed for this process.
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But on the flip side,
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supporters of fracking say that fracking compared to other forms of extraction has lower carbon emissions and
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fracking has made the U.S. less dependent on foreign oil.
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Supporters of fracking say that it's not realistic or economically wise to stop fracking in the immediate future.
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If we stop many of our current energy practices,
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how will we pay for all the changes as we build a new infrastructure?
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Each country will have to figure that out.
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U.S. politicians are proposing ideas, like a carbon tax. The government could tax fossil fuel companies.
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Some have set very ambitious goals of using 100% renewable energy by a certain deadline.
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Members of the European Union are pushing for a target date of 2050.
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Finland has set their date as 2035,
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and Copenhagen Denmark, aims to be carbon neutral by 2025.
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As for the U.S., we'll see. It partly depends on who wins the next presidential election.
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Note how we can talk about a city or a country being carbon neutral,
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meaning they won't have any carbon emissions and they pledge to use only clean energy.
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Let's pause and look at phrases that are similar.
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Carbon neutral
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Carbon neutrality
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Become carbon neutral
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Zero carbon emissions Zero out emissions
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Net-zero emissions
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Get to net-zero emissions
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Net-zero greenhouse emissions
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Have net-zero greenhouse emissions
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100% renewable energy Power the country by renewable energy
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100% clean energy Use clean energy
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Climate goals Set a climate goal
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Clean energy goals Adopt clean energy goals
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Decarbonization Decarbonize
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Energy efficient Energy efficiency
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One young woman has demanded that the governments of the world take action to fight climate change.
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Greta Sundberg from Sweden is only sixteen years old,
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but she's already appeared before the United Nations, and she recently visited the U.S to speak publicly.
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Her passionate climate talks have received a lot of attention and, as a climate activist, she has a huge following.
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The media is both supportive and critical, but given her age and the topic, that's not too surprising.
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The issue of climate change can unite and divide a crowd.
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On the one hand, Greta is young,
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so her passion and her strong voice are admirable.
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On the other hand, some question whether this young girl is being used by adults for political gain.
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In any case, Greta's actions raise important questions:
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Who's to blame for the current climate crisis? Who will take responsibility?
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Can one individual achieve anything?
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A sixteen-year-old may not lead us, but she can make us think about the future.
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What steps should we take as a nation and as a global society?
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Some politicians say we should stop using nuclear energy. Others say that's not realistic in the near future.
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Some are pushing for geoengineering.
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I don't understand too much about it.
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I know it's also called climate engineering, and it's like a form of mitigation.
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Engineers have thought of ways to manipulate the environment to fight global warming by reducing carbon emissions and
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reflecting sunlight away from the earth to cool it down.
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Some climate plans call for building a new infrastructure and investing in disaster planning.
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For example, if sea levels are rising, we could build seawalls to protect people in coastal areas.
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Or maybe we should relocate them inland. All of this costs money. Maybe we should budget for it.
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The automotive industry has a lot to think about. We all know that hybrid cars have become more common.
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Some climate plans say we should move toward electric vehicles and build recharging stations across the country.
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What do you think about driving electric cars and electric scooters in the future?
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Can you picture your town without any gas stations?
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Only recharging stations?
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Some climate activists speak out against agricultural practices. Some say, for example, we should give up meat.
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Others say, "No way." They'll never give up their hamburgers and steak.
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The compromise is to rethink the agricultural system. It currently has carbon emissions.
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What can be done to reduce those emissions?
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How can agriculture become more sustainable?
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Do you have any ideas?
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This lesson wouldn't be complete if I didn't mention the Green New Deal.
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This is a very progressive
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proposal from Democrats who see a need for
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significant changes, not just with our environmental practices, but in our economy and in our social structure.
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The proposal aims to make the U.S. carbon neutral by 2050.
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So the proposal offers a plan to use clean energy and offer clean air, clean water...
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But to counter the loss of jobs in fossil, fuels the Green New Deal
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proposes creating jobs in clean energy industries.
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The proposal isn't just about the climate. It aims to address economic needs and
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economic inequality in the U.S.
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The Green New Deal is very ambitious, just like the program it was named after. Back in the 1930s,
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President Franklin D. Roosevelt
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rolled out a plan called the New Deal. It was to help the country recover from the Great Depression.
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Today there are those who love the Green New Deal and praise it. Then there are those who reject it and criticize it for being
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unrealistic and for trying to make the U.S. a socialist country. In short, the Green New Deal has a lot of people talking.
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Time will tell what path the U.S. will take. I'll end here. Feel free to post a comment. I ask that you express ideas respectfully.
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Let's continue the discussion and be open to hearing different views.
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If you found this lesson useful, remember to like this video. As always, thanks for watching and happy studies!
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I'd like to say a very special thank you to the current members of my channel.
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Hopefully, more of you will join us for the next livestream.
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Follow me and gain more practice on Facebook and Twitter.
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notification of every new video I upload to YouTube.
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