Etc., And So On & More English Vocabulary with JenniferESL

10,552 views ・ 2018-04-19

English with Jennifer


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

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Hi everyone. It's Jennifer with a short
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but useful lesson on how to get your point across in very few words.
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I bet you've seen the abbreviation ETC. Do you remember what it stands for?
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Et cetera. So if you're reading aloud and you come across this abbreviation, that's how you should say it. Et cetera.
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"Et cetera" is Latin and it means "and the rest" or "and others."
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For example, in my lesson on the parts of speech, we study nouns, verbs,
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adjectives, etc.
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So I'm not going to take the time to list all the parts of speech.
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But I know that you know what I mean.
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I use etc. to refer to all the rest that should be included in that list.
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Do you know other expressions similar to etc.? Let's look at them one by one.
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I said that in writing the abbreviation for "et cetera" is etc.
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Remember this abbreviation requires a period and we also use a comma before it (in a series). Look again.
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In my lesson on the parts of speech, we study nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc.
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In speaking, we say etc. at the end of a short list to imply that the list goes on.
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In informal conversation, you may hear people say "et cetera" a couple times
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to imply that the list goes on for quite a number of other items.
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Here's an example.
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So here I'm assuming that you know what other items go on that list without me mentioning them.
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Another way you can continue that kind of list of similar things is by saying "and so on."
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Or "and so on and so forth."
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Another variation is "and the like." We can use it to refer to people or things.
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Consider this example.
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So I'm referring to people like teachers and coaches, but I'm not going to take the time to add to the list.
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Speaking informally, you'll hear these additional ways to continue a list without actually naming all the items.
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Most of the expressions that I'm sharing can change slightly in meaning if you change your tone.
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Your tone of voice can be neutral or it can imply that you're annoyed or
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bored by what someone has said.
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Consider my earlier example about the teacher giving a talk to a group of students who didn't cooperate.
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I'll say the sentence twice.
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First with a neutral tone and then with annoyance.
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The teacher made a speech about listening to one another, working together, and so on.
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The teacher made a speech about listening to one another, working together, and so on.
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Did you hear a slight difference?
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Note how it changes even more if I repeat "and so on."
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The teacher made a speech about listening to one another, working together, and so on and so on.
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If I really want to refer to someone's words as not being important, I can use blah blah blah.
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Blah blah blah is for informal use. It can be very rude because you are saying that someone's words are
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boring, silly, stupid, or unimportant.
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We can even add that little gesture.
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You'll hear plenty of examples of blah blah blah in TV shows and films. As I said, it's for informal conversation only.
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Please use it with caution.
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The most similar expression to blah blah blah is
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yada yada, which can be said twice or even three times: yada yada yada.
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Again I'm implying that the words left out were empty,
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unimportant, or even boring, and that's why I'm not taking the time to repeat them.
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You might hear yada yada in the middle of a statement when someone wants to skip over unimportant details.
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For example, I really don't want to bore you with the details of my daily routine.
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I can be a creature of habit, so I may talk about the predictability of my day like this
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Do you remember all the expressions we covered in this lesson? Here's another quick look at them.
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Why don't you take one new expression from this lesson and create an example?
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You can answer one of the following questions in the comments.
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Do you remember the lectures your parents used to give you when you were younger? What did they tell you?
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What kinds of promises do politicians make when they campaign?
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What would I find in your kitchen drawers or your medicine cabinet?
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Remember this is not about saying a complete list. It's about finding a quick way to refer to all the items.
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That's all for now please remember to like this video if you found it useful.
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This topic was requested
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by one of you, my viewers. Be sure to subscribe because you wouldn't want to miss a lesson
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that's based on your request.
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As always, thanks for watching and happy studies!
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And if you haven't already, please remember to subscribe to my channel. That way you'll receive notification of all my new lessons.
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