Present Real Conditionals: English Grammar - IF clauses

60,789 views ・ 2017-10-05

English with Jennifer


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

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[title]
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Welcome back! Let’s go over the answers to the task from the first lesson. Are you ready?
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In Part One, I asked you to decide if each sentence is about a real or an unreal situation.
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[reads]
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REAL – This is about a very likely situation in the future.
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[reads]
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UNREAL – Here I’m just imagining a situation. It’s an impossible or unlikely future. Tomorrow, of course, the sun will rise.
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[reads]
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REAL – This is practical advice for an everyday situation. I’m speaking generally about the present.
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[reads]
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UNREAL – Here I’m imagining the past differently. If the past had been different, then something else would be different right now.
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So I’m talking about how the past influences the present. The situation is unreal or what some would call counterfactual.
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[reads]
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REAL – I’m talking about something that is possible or very likely to happen in the near future.
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How did you do in the first part?
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It’s important to understand when people are talking about fact and real possibilities and when people are just speaking hypothetically,
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meaning they’re just imagining situations in a different way, different from reality.
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Now let’s talk about Part Two. Did you take time to think about your answers?
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A. I asked if both sentences are correct.
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The answer is YES. Both are correct.
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When we make conditional sentences, we have two parts: a condition and a result.
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The result is the main idea or the main clause. The condition is a dependent clause. Together they make a complex sentence.
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What’s important to understand is that the result only happens when the condition is met.
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It doesn’t matter which clause...which part comes first. But…when we write, we need to pay attention to punctuation. Let’s look at the second question.
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B. Is a comma needed when I write these sentences?
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No. A comma is only needed in the first sentence. When the if-clause or condition is first, then we need a comma.
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Remember this rule because it will help you with pronunciation, too.
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When the if clause is second, there’s (usually) no pause in the middle of the sentence. Listen.
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[reads]
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BUT when that if-clause is first, this is (often) a pause.
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You often hear a change in pitch at the end of that first clause.
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Listen to my intonation. You'll hear a pause in the middle, between the two clauses.
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And the two clauses have different intonation patterns.
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[reads]
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All right. Now we’re going to look at different types of conditionals, starting with REAL conditionals about the present.
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These are situations about habits, routines, facts, and general truths.
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Here's an example. [reads]
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We all know this because it happens to all of us.
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Remember my bonus question in Lesson 1?
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I asked what do you do if you forget someone’s name. Here I was asking for advice.
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REAL conditionals in the present can be for advice and instructions. Let’s look at some of your answers to my question.
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I’m going to go on my computer.
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Okay. Marat starts us off with his example:
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Good example. Good approach.
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My question uses the present tense in both parts, in both clauses
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and Mara uses the present tense in both parts, in both clauses.
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That's good advice, too.
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This is correct, but it's making the situation seem like a likely possible situation in the future.
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So if we want to answer the question and keep this as a present factual conditional,
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let's change this to the present.
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Okay. Gabriel wrote, "When..."
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"Buddy"..."dude."
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Yes. That's a good strategy. Very clever.
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And I like that Gabriel actually chose to use "when" in his answer, not "if."
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These are common situations. There are habits.
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And we can use "when" or "if" with very little different in meaning.
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If I forget someone's name...When I forget someone's name...
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I usually call them "friend" or something like that.
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Yes, you could do that.
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But that would be an unreal situation. You're imagining the possibility.
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Let's change it to a real situation.
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If I forget someone's name, I ask somebody else who remembers it.
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That's good. I ask them politely...to do what?
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To remind me. Or I ask them what their name is.
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Good, Susana.
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Let's go like this so we can separate it.
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Yes, you can do that.
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Again, that would be a real or likely situation in the future.
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Let's stick to the present for this exercise.
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What do you do when this happens? In general.
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If you'd like to see more of my corrections to student examples, then visit me on Facebook.
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So real conditionals about the present, factual conditionals about the present use the present tense in both clauses. The condition and the result.
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But you can also use modal verbs in the result clause. For example, CAN for ability or SHOULD for advice:
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If you forget someone’s name, you can ask them politely to remind you. If you forget someone’s name, you shouldn’t be too embarrassed. Just apologize.
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You can also use imperatives in the result clause: If you forget someone’s name, politely ask them to remind you. If you forget someone’s name, don’t be too embarrassed.
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And note that with these real and factual conditionals, we can also use WHEN or WHENEVER instead of IF. The meaning doesn’t really change.
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Perhaps the use of WHEN more easily recognizes that these situations are common and they happen.
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Here are two examples. They’re questions.
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Here are some answers to those questions from my Facebook page.
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This post reached over 4,000 people and quite a lot of you posted your ideas.
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Let's look at just a few.
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And his second suggestion was to wolf it down, eat it quickly.
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Andrei answered the second question with a bit of humor.
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Well, that's just a suggestion. Or you skip breakfast, right?
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There are some wonderful responses here, and if you'd like to read more, please come to my Facebook page and check them out.
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And note that many people often use "then" in the result clause.
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You don't have to, but you can.
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[reads]
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Are you ready for your next task?
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Finish my sentences.
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[reads]
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Here’s a bonus question you can answer in the comments.
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[reads]
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I want you to write your example two ways.
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With the if-clause first, and then with the if-clause second.
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Here's my example. [reads]
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That’s all for now. I'll see you again soon for our next lesson on conditionals.
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If you found this helpful, pease remember to like this video, and if you haven't already, please subscribe.
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As always, thanks for watching and happy studies!
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