Level Up Your English Vocabulary! Learn 53 Everyday Expressions in One News Article

63,077 views

2024-09-02 ใƒป JForrest English


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Level Up Your English Vocabulary! Learn 53 Everyday Expressions in One News Article

63,077 views ใƒป 2024-09-02

JForrest English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Do you ever experience brain fatigue?
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่„ณ็–ฒๅŠดใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
00:03
Do you know what that is?
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ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใชใฎใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:05
Well, today we'll review one news article.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚น่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’ 1 ใคใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:08
You'll learn what brain fatigue is,  
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่„ณ็–ฒๅŠดใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ€
00:10
how to combat it, and you'll learn  53 everyday English expressions.
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ใใฎๅฏพๅ‡ฆๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใ€ 53 ใฎๆ—ฅๅธธ่‹ฑ่ชž่กจ็พใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚
00:15
Welcome back to JForrest English.
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JForrest English ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:17
Of course, I'm Jennifer.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็งใฏใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
00:18
Now let's get started.
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ใ•ใ‚ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:19
First, I'll read the headline Combat  brain fatigue with these top expert tips.
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ใพใšใ€่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใฎใ€Œ ่„ณใฎ็–ฒๅŠดใจใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใงๆˆฆใ†ใ€ใ‚’่ชญใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
00:25
We're talking about brain fatigue.
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่„ณใฎ็–ฒๅŠดใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:28
When your brain feels like this.
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่„ณใŒใ“ใ‚“ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฎใจใใ€‚
00:30
Notice the pronunciation here.
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ใ“ใ“ใง็™บ้Ÿณใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:32
Fatigue.
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ๅ€ฆๆ€ ๆ„Ÿใ€‚
00:34
EEG fatigue.
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่„ณๆณข็–ฒๅŠดใ€‚
00:36
Repeat after me Fatigue.
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ ็–ฒๅŠดใ€‚
00:39
Fatigue means extreme tiredness.
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็–ฒๅŠดใจใฏๆฅตๅบฆใฎ็–ฒๅŠดใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:42
Notice it's a noun.
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ๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:45
Combat brain fatigue.
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่„ณ็–ฒๅŠดใจ้—˜ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:47
It's a something.
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ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:48
Tiredness is a something.
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็–ฒใ‚Œใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
00:51
Let's review these two sentences and  see if you can identify the difference.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹็›ดใ—ใฆใ€ ้•ใ„ใ‚’่ญ˜ๅˆฅใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:55
I feel fatigue after studying English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸๅพŒใ€็–ฒใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:00
I feel fatigued after studying English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸๅพŒใ€็–ฒใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:04
You may notice that the pronunciation  is almost identical because this D  
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ใ“ใฎใ€Œ
01:09
in fatigued is extremely soft and you  don't really hear it at a natural pace.
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fatiguedใ€ใฎใ€ŒDใ€ใฏ้žๅธธใซๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ่‡ช็„ถใชใƒšใƒผใ‚นใงใฏ่žใ“ใˆใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€็™บ้ŸณใŒใปใผๅŒใ˜ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:15
But what is the difference in  grammar or meaning between these two?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚„ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎ้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
01:21
The meaning is basically  identical, but fatigue here.
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ็–ฒๅŠดใงใ™ใ€‚
01:25
This is a noun.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
01:26
You can feel something.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็พŽใ—ใ„ๆ—ฅใฎๅ‡บใ‚’
01:28
I feel happiness when I look at  a beautiful sunrise, for example.
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่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจๅนธใ›ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ ใ€‚
01:34
Now I feel fatigued, This is an adjective.
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ไปŠใ€็งใฏ็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
01:38
I feel happy when I look at a beautiful sunrise.
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็พŽใ—ใ„ๆ—ฅใฎๅ‡บใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจๅนธใ›ใชๆฐ—ๆŒใกใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:43
So the meaning is the same,  but the grammar is different.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ ใŒใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:47
This is a noun and this is the adjective form.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
01:50
And you can feel for both of them and notice  that pronunciation is almost identical.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไธกๆ–นใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€ ็™บ้ŸณใŒใปใผๅŒใ˜ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:56
So what about you?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸๅพŒใ€
01:57
Do you feel fatigue the noun or do you feel  fatigued the adjective after studying English?
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ๅ่ฉžใŒ็–ฒใ‚ŒใŸใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใŒ็–ฒใ‚ŒใŸใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ‹?
02:03
If you do put that's me, that's me in the comments  
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใงใ™ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹
02:07
and know that as we'll learn in  this article, it's very common.
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ใงๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:12
So don't feel bad if you say that's me.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ๆ‚ชใๆ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ้ ญใฎๅƒใใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ—ใŸ
02:14
I certainly feel fatigued after  I do a lot of mental work.
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ๅพŒใฏใ€็ขบใ‹ใซ็–ฒใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ ใ€‚
02:20
Now notice how they say  combat, combat, brain fatigue.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆˆฆ้—˜ใ€ๆˆฆ้—˜ใ€่„ณ็–ฒๅŠดใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
02:25
You could also say fight brain  fatigue, or battle or combat.
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ๆˆฆใ„ใฎ่„ณ ็–ฒๅŠดใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๆˆฆ้—˜ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๆˆฆ้—˜ใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
02:29
Notice all three of these have the same  visual image of fighting brain fatigue.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 3 ใคใฏใ™ในใฆใ€่„ณ็–ฒๅŠดใจๆˆฆใ†ใจใ„ใ†ๅŒใ˜่ฆ–่ฆš็š„ใชใ‚คใƒกใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
02:36
So you have 3 alternatives in your vocabulary.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใซใฏ 3 ใคใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:39
Don't worry about taking notes.
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ใƒกใƒขใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟƒ้…ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:40
I summarize everything in a free lesson PDF.
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็„กๆ–™ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ PDF ใซใ™ในใฆใ‚’ใพใจใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:43
You can find the link in the description.
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่ชฌๆ˜Žใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:45
Now let's start the article and  learn how put your thinking cap on.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ€ ๆ€่€ƒใฎไธŠ้™ใ‚’ๅฎšใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:51
Have you heard of this before?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
02:53
Put your thinking cap on.
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ๆ€่€ƒใฎใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ใ‹ใถใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:55
This is an idiom and it means get ready  to think hard or think creatively.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ…ฃ็”จๅฅใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝ่€ƒใˆใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅ‰ต้€ ็š„ใซ่€ƒใˆใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:02
So if you're discussing a problem at  work or at home, someone could say,  
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€่ทๅ ดใ‚„ๅฎถๅบญใงๅ•้กŒใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ€Œ
03:07
let's put our thinking caps on  because it's one's thinking cap.
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ๆ€่€ƒใฎไธŠ้™ใ‚’่จญๅฎšใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใใฎไบบใฎๆ€่€ƒใฎไธŠ้™ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:14
So if you have more than one,  you would add an S to cap.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ไธŠ้™ใซ S ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:19
Let's put our thinking caps on and figure  out how to reduce the budget, for example.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ไบˆ็ฎ—ใ‚’ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:27
That's the problem you want to solve.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่งฃๆฑบใ—ใŸใ„ๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚
03:30
So at the beginning of this lesson, I  could say to you, put your thinking cap on.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๅ†’้ ญใงใ€็งใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใ€ๆ€่€ƒๅŠ›ใฎใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’็ท ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:35
You're going to learn a lot of new vocabulary,  
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ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
03:39
so get ready to think hard and don't worry if  you feel fatigued by the end of this lesson.
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ใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚Š่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใพใงใซ็–ฒใ‚ŒใŸใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ‚‚ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:45
As a result.
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็ตๆžœใจใ—ใฆใ€‚
03:46
Put your thinking cap on.
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ๆ€่€ƒใฎใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ใ‹ใถใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:48
People often hear, so this is a common  expression is what they're saying.
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ไบบใ€…ใฏใ‚ˆใ่žใใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚
03:54
After all, that's what our brain is for.
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็ตๅฑ€ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใฎ่„ณใฎๅฝนๅ‰ฒใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
03:57
Your brain is for thinking.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่„ณใฏ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:00
That's the purpose and what many are paid to do.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็›ฎ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒใใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅ ฑ้…ฌใ‚’ๅพ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
04:05
You are paid to think at your job.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไป•ไบ‹ไธญใซ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:09
That's what you're paid to do.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ ฑ้…ฌใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
04:11
You're paid to think, but a new study finds that  people see a downside to such mental expenditures.
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่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงๅ ฑ้…ฌใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใŒใ€ ไบบใ€…ใฏใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็ฒพ็ฅž็š„ใชๆ”ฏๅ‡บใซใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚น้ขใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็ ”็ฉถใงใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:19
Thinking can be a pain do you know what  a downside is put your thinking cap on.
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่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ่‹ฆ็—›ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๆ€่€ƒใฎไธŠ้™ใ‚’่ชฒใ™ใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚น้ขใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
04:27
A downside is a negative  aspect, it's a disadvantage.
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ใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚น ้ขใจใฏใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚น้ขใฎใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆฌ ็‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
04:32
So we talk about the downsides, the  disadvantages, and the opposite is the upside.
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ใใ“ใงใ€ๆฌ ็‚นใ€ ๆฌ ็‚นใ€ใใ—ใฆใใฎๅๅฏพใŒๅˆฉ็‚นใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:39
Or there can be plural, the upsides,  the advantages, the positive aspects.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ๅˆฉ็‚นใ€ ๅˆฉ็‚นใ€่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๅด้ขใชใฉใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:46
So you could say there are many  upsides to learning English.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใซใฏๅคšใใฎๅˆฉ็‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:51
But there I just noticed I have a typo here.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใƒŸใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:54
But there are downsides too.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆฌ ็‚นใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:57
I was thinking of writing.
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ๆ›ธใ“ใ†ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:59
There can be downsides too  but there are downsides too.
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ๆฌ ็‚นใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ๆฌ ็‚นใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:04
So this means there are many  positive aspects to learning  
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซใฏๅคšใใฎใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๅด้ขใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
05:08
English but there can be some negative aspects.
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ไธ€ๆ–นใงใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๅด้ขใ‚‚ๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:11
For example, how much time it takes or  how much mental expenditure there is.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ ใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎ็ฒพ็ฅž็š„ๆ”ฏๅ‡บใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
05:19
Those can be the downsides, so you  can put in the comments the upside  
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆฌ ็‚นใจใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใฎ ๅˆฉ็‚นใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—
05:23
to learning English is and then you can  do the same thing with the downside is,  
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ใ€ ๆฌ ็‚นใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’่กŒใ„ใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใง็ทด็ฟ’ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹
05:29
and then you can share a point  in the comments to practices.
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ใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:33
It's very common.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:34
Use the upside or the downside.
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ไธŠ้ขใพใŸใฏไธ‹้ขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ 1 ใคใซใคใ„ใฆ
05:36
Remember it can be singular, just talking  about one, or you can make it plural.
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่ฉฑใ™ใ ใ‘ใงๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใ‚‚ใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:41
The upsides and downsides, the choice  is yours, so put that in the comments.
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่‰ฏใ„็‚นใ‚‚ๆ‚ชใ„็‚นใ‚‚ใ€้ธๆŠžใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸๆฌก็ฌฌใงใ™ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:47
An upside and a downside.
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่‰ฏใ„้ขใจๆ‚ชใ„้ขใ€‚
05:49
Let's look at mental expenditure because I use  
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็ฒพ็ฅž็š„ๆ”ฏๅ‡บใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:52
this in my example as well  as one of the downsides.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎไพ‹ใงใ‚‚ ใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚น้ขใฎ 1 ใคใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:56
Expenditures financially are things you  spend money on your monthly expenditures.
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็ตŒๆธˆ็š„ใชๆ”ฏๅ‡บใจใฏใ€ ๆฏŽๆœˆใฎๆ”ฏๅ‡บใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ™ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:04
So if it's a mental expenditure,  it means you're spending.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็ฒพ็ฅž็š„ใชๆ”ฏๅ‡บใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏๆ”ฏๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:08
But what are you spending?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:09
You're not spending money.
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ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:11
You're spending your mental  effort or your mental energy.
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็ฒพ็ฅž็š„ใชๅŠชๅŠ›ใ‚„็ฒพ็ฅžใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
06:15
So mental expenditures is the  amount of effort or energy required.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็ฒพ็ฅž็š„ๆ”ฏๅ‡บใจใฏใ€ ๅฟ…่ฆใชๅŠชๅŠ›ใพใŸใฏใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใฎ้‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:21
Let's look at this next part.
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ๆฌกใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:22
Thinking can be a pain, a pain  to describe something as a pain.
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่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ่‹ฆ็—›ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่‹ฆ็—›ใจ่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่‹ฆ็—›ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:29
It can be painful, meaning physical.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็—›ใฟใ‚’ไผดใ†ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š่‚‰ไฝ“็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:32
I have all pain.
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็งใซใฏใ™ในใฆใฎ็—›ใฟใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:34
Oh, I have a pain.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€็—›ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Š
06:35
This means my neck hurts.
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้ฆ–ใŒ็—›ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:39
This area is painful, so it's physical.
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ใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏ็—›ใ„ใฎใง่‚‰ไฝ“็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
06:42
But we also use this to describe something as  frustrating or annoying, and we use this a lot.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ ใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ•ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ•ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ‚‚ไฝฟใ„ใ€ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:49
For example, maybe you agree  driving during rush hour is a pain.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ขใƒฏใƒผใฎ้‹่ปขใŒ่‹ฆ็—›ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๅŒๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
06:56
It's annoying, it's frustrating, so  it causes mental or emotional pain.
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่ฟทๆƒ‘ใงใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ็ฒพ็ฅž็š„ใพใŸใฏๆ„Ÿๆƒ…็š„ใช่‹ฆ็—›ใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:05
Driving during rush hour is a pain.
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ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ขใƒฏใƒผใฎ้‹่ปขใฏ่‹ฆ็—›ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏ็งใงใ™ใ€
07:08
You can put that's right or that's right instead  of that's me put that's right in the comments.
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ใงใฏใชใใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
07:14
If you agree that this is a pain.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ่‹ฆ็—›ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๅŒๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
07:17
So just remember grammatically, it's to  be and then you need this article a pain.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซใฏใ€Œto beใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใฎใฏ้ขๅ€’ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:23
So something that that's why  we have this gerund verb.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใใ€ ใ“ใฎๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
07:27
Something is your verb to be a pain.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่‹ฆ็—›ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—
07:32
Again, if you agree that this is a pain, but  that's right, that's right in the comments.
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ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ขๅ€’ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ใใฎ้€šใ‚Šใ ใจๅŒๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใซใใฎๆ—จใ‚’่จ˜่ผ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:39
Are you enjoying this lesson?
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:41
If you are, then I want to tell you  about the Finally Fluent Academy.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ Finally Fluent Academy ใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:46
This is my premium training program where  we study native English speakers from TV,  
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎใƒ—ใƒฌใƒŸใ‚ขใƒ  ใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใงใ€ ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใ€YouTubeใ€ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‹ใ‚‰่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ™
07:52
the movies, YouTube, and the news.
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ใ€‚
07:54
So you can improve your listening  skills of fast English, expand your  
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ ้€Ÿใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ€
07:59
vocabulary with natural expressions,  and learn advanced grammar easily.
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่‡ช็„ถใช่กจ็พใง่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅข—ใ‚„ใ— ใ€้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’็ฐกๅ˜ใซๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:04
Plus, you'll have me as your personal coach.
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€็งใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฐ‚ๅฑžใ‚ณใƒผใƒใจใ—ใฆ่ฟŽใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:07
You can look in the description for  the link to learn more or you can go  
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่ฉณ็ดฐใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚’ๅ‚็…งใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€
08:12
to my website and click on Finally Fluent Academy.
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็งใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆ [Finally Fluent Academy] ใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:15
Now let's continue with our lesson.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€
08:19
Such work isn't actual pain,  of course, because remember  
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ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชไป•ไบ‹ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ่‹ฆ็—›ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€
08:23
we talked about something can be painful  physically or just frustrating, annoying.
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็งใŸใกใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใŸไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ ่บซไฝ“็š„ใซ่‹ฆ็—›ใงใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅ˜ใซใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:29
So the physical, the mental expenditure, such  work, the mental expenditure isn't actual pain.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่‚‰ไฝ“็š„ใ€็ฒพ็ฅž็š„ใชๆ”ฏๅ‡บใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช ไป•ไบ‹ใ€็ฒพ็ฅž็š„ใชๆ”ฏๅ‡บใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ็—›ใฟใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:37
Of course, your brain has no nerve ending.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่„ณใซใฏ็ฅž็ตŒ็ต‚ๆœซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:40
So your brain does not feel pain.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€่„ณใฏ็—›ใฟใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:43
I didn't know that.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:44
Did you know that?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
08:45
So a pain in the brain is not  like having a pain in the neck.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่„ณใฎ็—›ใฟใฏ ้ฆ–ใฎ็—›ใฟใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:52
And that's the exact example I gave before a pain.
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏใ€็งใŒ็—›ใฟใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซๆŒ™ใ’ใŸใพใ•ใซใใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:56
And it is interesting because  this full expression is the idiom.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎๅฎŒๅ…จใช่กจ็พใŒใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:01
So you could say driving during  rush hour is a pain in the neck  
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œ ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ขใƒฏใƒผใฎ้‹่ปขใฏ้ฆ–ใŒ็—›ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ€
09:07
is the full expression to say that  something is frustrating or annoying.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ๅฎŒๅ…จใช่กจ็พใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:11
But native speakers generally just leave  out in the neck and just say a pain.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ ้ฆ–ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’็œ็•ฅใ—ใฆใ€ใŸใ ็—›ใฟใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:18
So I expanded that with the full expression, but  it's in brackets to show you that it's optional.
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ใใ“ใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎŒๅ…จใชๅผใงๅฑ•้–‹ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซๆ‹ฌๅผงๅ†…ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:24
And honestly, it's more common to just say a pain.
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ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ใŸใ ็—›ใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใปใ†ใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:28
But the mental effort, Remember before  we described this as mental expenditure,  
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็ฒพ็ฅž็š„ใชๅŠชๅŠ›ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ฒพ็ฅž็š„ๆ”ฏๅ‡บใจ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:34
The mental effort it takes to think hard can be so  
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ไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅฟ…่ฆใช็ฒพ็ฅž็š„ใชๅŠชๅŠ›ใฏ้žๅธธใซ
09:39
upsetting that some people will  choose physical pain instead.
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ๅ‹•ๆบใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ่‚‰ไฝ“็š„ใช่‹ฆ็—›ใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:44
So here the article ended on instead because  the alternative was already mentioned.
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ไปฃๆ›ฟๆกˆใŒใ™ใงใซ่จ€ๅŠใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€่จ˜ไบ‹ใฏใ“ใ“ใง็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:51
Think hard.
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ใ‚ˆใ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:52
That's the alternative.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒไปฃๆ›ฟๆ‰‹ๆฎตใงใ™ใ€‚
09:54
So choose physical pain instead.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ่‚‰ไฝ“็š„ใช็—›ใฟใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:56
But just remember, if you write out the full  alternative, you have to say instead of.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใชไปฃๆ›ฟๆกˆใ‚’ๆ›ธใๅ‡บใ™ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€Œใ€œใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:03
The preposition choice is of and then your  verb needs to be an ING instead of thinking.
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎ้ธๆŠžใฏ of ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ Thinking ใงใฏใชใ ING ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:10
Or I could add, instead of thinking hard,  
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ๆทฑใ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใ€Œ
10:13
but you don't have to because  that alternative is clearly known.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ ใใฎไปฃๆ›ฟๆกˆใฏๆ˜Ž็ขบใซ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจไป˜ใ‘ๅŠ ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
10:17
But I just want you to remember what  preposition and the grammar that you need.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ ๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใจๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
10:21
A 2020 study asked people if they would prefer to  
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2020ๅนดใฎ็ ”็ฉถใงใฏใ€ๆฐ—
10:25
do a difficult memory task, remembering  if a card reappeared after a distraction.
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ใ‚’ๆ•ฃใ‚‰ใ—ใŸๅพŒใซใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰ใŒๅ†ใณ็พใ‚ŒใŸๅ ดๅˆใซๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใจใ„ใ†ใ€้›ฃใ—ใ„่จ˜ๆ†ถใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใŸใ„ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ไบบใ€…ใซๅฐ‹ใญใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:33
This is the difficult memory task.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„่จ˜ๆ†ถไฝœๆฅญใงใ™ใ€‚
10:36
A distraction is something that causes  you to change your focus or attention.
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ๆฐ—ใ‚’ๆ•ฃใ‚‰ใ™ใ‚‚ใฎใจใฏใ€ ้›†ไธญๅŠ›ใ‚„ๆณจๆ„ๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ๅŽŸๅ› ใจใชใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
10:42
Right now you're focusing  on this lesson, hopefully,  
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ไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซ้›†ไธญใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
10:46
but then if you heard a noise in the other  room, you might want to go see what happened.
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ใŒใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ไป–ใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใง็‰ฉ้ŸณใŒ่žใ“ใˆใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใฎใ‹่ฆ‹ใซ่กŒใใŸใใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:52
You leave this lesson.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:54
So that noise was a distraction.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใใฎ้จ’้Ÿณใฏๆฐ—ใ‚’ๆ•ฃใ‚‰ใ™ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:56
It caused you to change your  focus or your attention.
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ใใ‚Œใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚„ๆณจๆ„ใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:01
We use this a lot in the verb form to be  distracted, to be distracted, distracted.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅฝขใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€ ๆฐ—ใ‚’ๆ•ฃใ‚‰ใ™ใ€ๆฐ—ใ‚’ๆ•ฃใ‚‰ใ™ใ€ๆฐ—ใ‚’ๆ•ฃใ‚‰ใ™ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ
11:07
Notice that's the passive form.
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ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
11:09
So you have your verb to be  that needs to be conjugated  
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ be ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
11:12
and then distracted is always in the Ed form.
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ใ€ใใฎๅพŒใ€distracted ใฏๅธธใซ Ed ๅฝขๅผใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
11:16
You could say, sorry, I was distracted,  sorry I didn't hear you, I was distracted.
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ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ๆฐ—ใŒๆ•ฃใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€Œใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ ่žใ“ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€ๆฐ—ใŒๆ•ฃใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:22
And then you could add on, I  was distracted by the noise.
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซไป˜ใ‘ๅŠ ใˆใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใ€็งใฏ ้จ’้Ÿณใซๆฐ—ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:25
So if your friend is telling you  a story and then you realize you  
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‹้”ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซ็‰ฉ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ ใ€
11:30
weren't actually focusing on your friend, you  were focusing on the noise in the other room.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅ‹้”ใซ้›†ไธญใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใ€ ๅˆฅใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใฎ้จ’้Ÿณใซ้›†ไธญใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:36
So your friend and says So what do you think?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใใ‚Œใงใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:38
And then you say sorry I was distracted.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ๆฐ—ใŒๆ•ฃใฃใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:42
Can you say that again or experience searing pain.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚็„ผใ‘ไป˜ใใ‚ˆใ†ใช็—›ใฟใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
11:47
So remember the choice was would you  prefer to do a difficult memory task  
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ้›ฃใ—ใ„่จ˜ๆ†ถไฝœๆฅญใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ‹
11:52
or experience searing pain from a  heat device held against the skin.
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚็šฎ่†šใซๅฝ“ใฆใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ็†ฑๅ™จๅ…ทใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹็„ผใ‘ใคใใ‚ˆใ†ใช็—›ใฟใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†้ธๆŠžใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
11:59
Notice how my tone changed when I read that?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ใจใใซ็งใฎๅฃ่ชฟใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
12:02
Because the adjective a searing pain,  that sounds like an extreme pain.
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ€Œ็„ผใ‘ไป˜ใใ‚ˆใ†ใช็—›ใฟใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ ๆฅตๅบฆใฎ็—›ใฟใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
12:09
So if you burn your finger, if you do it just  like that, it probably wouldn't be searing.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆŒ‡ใซ็ซๅ‚ทใ‚’่ฒ ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใ€ ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ็„ผใ‘ไป˜ใใ‚ˆใ†ใช็—›ใฟใซใฏใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:15
But if you hold your finger on a heat source,  
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็†ฑๆบใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใงๆŠผใ•ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€
12:20
then that would result in a  searing pain, an extreme pain.
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็„ผใ‘ไป˜ใใ‚ˆใ†ใช็—›ใฟใ€ๆฅตๅบฆใฎ็—›ใฟใŒ็”Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:26
Before we move on, notice they said  prefer to do a difficult memory task.
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ๆฌกใซ้€ฒใ‚€ๅ‰ใซใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ้›ฃใ—ใ„่จ˜ๆ†ถใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฅฝใ‚€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:32
Verbs of preference often use the  gerund, but some of them are flexible.
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ๅ„ชๅ…ˆๅ‹•่ฉžใซใฏๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใŒใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ไธ€้ƒจใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๆŸ”่ปŸใงใ™ใ€‚
12:38
Prefer is one of those verbs.
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Prefer ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
12:40
So you can say prefer doing or prefer to do.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œprefer doingใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œprefer to doใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:45
In this case, they use prefer to do  remember a difficult memory task or  
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ ้›ฃใ—ใ„่จ˜ๆ†ถ่ชฒ้กŒใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€
12:51
experience searing extreme intense pain  from a heat device held against the skin.
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็šฎ่†šใซๅฝ“ใฆใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ็†ฑๅ™จๅ…ทใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎ็„ผใ‘ใคใใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆฅตๅบฆใฎๆฟ€ใ—ใ„็—›ใฟใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฅฝใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
12:58
Which would you prefer #1 the difficult  memory task or #2 the searing pane?
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1 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้›ฃใ—ใ„ ่จ˜ๆ†ถใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใจ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ็ผ็†ฑใฎใƒ‘ใƒใƒซใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅฅฝใฟใพใ™ใ‹?
13:04
Put one or two put your choice in the comments.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ 1 ใคใพใŸใฏ 2 ใคใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:08
One or two put it in the comments.
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1 ไบบใ‹ 2 ไบบใŒใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆŠ•็จฟใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:12
When the pain was minor,  most people chose the heat.
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็—›ใฟใŒ่ปฝใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใฏๆธฉใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:17
To me this is a slight contradiction  because the definition of searing pain  
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็งใซใจใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใšใ‹ใช็Ÿ›็›พใงใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€็„ผใ‘ใคใใ‚ˆใ†ใช็—›ใฟใฎๅฎš็พฉใฏ
13:24
is extreme or intense, so it isn't minor  because a minor pain isn't a searing pain.
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ๆฅตๅบฆใพใŸใฏๆฟ€ใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ่ปฝๅบฆใฎ็—›ใฟใฏ็„ผใ‘ใคใใ‚ˆใ†ใช็—›ใฟใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:32
To be honest, when the pain was  minor, more people chose the heat,  
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ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€็—›ใฟใŒ่ปฝๅพฎใชๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ๆธฉใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใŒๅคšใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™
13:37
but that number dropped as the pain increased.
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ใŒใ€็—›ใฟใŒๅข—ใ™ใซใคใ‚Œใฆใใฎๆ•ฐใฏๆธ›ๅฐ‘ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:41
So as it moved closer to being a searing pain,  more people chose the difficult memory task.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็„ผใ‘ใคใใ‚ˆใ†ใช็—›ใฟใซ่ฟ‘ใฅใใซใคใ‚Œใฆใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ„่จ˜ๆ†ถ่ชฒ้กŒใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:49
However, 28% of the participants still  chose physical pain over mental strain.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ‚ๅŠ ่€…ใฎ 28% ใฏไพ็„ถใจใ—ใฆ ็ฒพ็ฅž็š„ใช่ฒ ๆ‹…ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚่‚‰ไฝ“็š„ใช็—›ใฟใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:57
So mental strain.
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ใใ‚Œใง็ฒพ็ฅž็š„่ฒ ๆ‹…ใŒใ€‚
13:59
Strain represents the expenditure,  the effort or the energy.
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่ฒ ๆ‹…ใฏๆ”ฏๅ‡บใ€ ๅŠชๅŠ›ใ€ใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใ‚’่กจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:06
Strain is also a noun and it has the same  meaning as fatigue, extreme tiredness.
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Strain ใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ็–ฒๅŠดใ€ๆฅตๅบฆใฎ็–ฒๅŠดใจๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใกใพใ™ใ€‚
14:14
Personally, I hear the word  strain being used most with eyes.
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ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใซใฏใ€ ็ทŠๅผตใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏ็›ฎใซ้–ขใ—ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
14:19
A lot of people talk about eyes strain,  especially from staring at a screen all day.
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็›ฎใฎ็–ฒใ‚Œใ€็‰นใซไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญ็”ป้ขใ‚’่ฆ‹็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹็›ฎใฎ็–ฒใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ่ฉฑ้กŒใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
14:25
So you might say my eyes become strained.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็›ฎใŒ็–ฒใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
14:28
Strained.
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็ทŠๅผตใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:29
So this is the adjective Ed  strained and then this is your verb.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉž Ed ็ทŠๅผตใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:34
My eyes become strained at the end of  the day after staring at a computer.
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ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‚ใŸๅพŒใ€ไธ€ๆ—ฅใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซ็›ฎใŒ็–ฒใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
14:40
Or you could ask, do you know  how I can combat eye strain?
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€็›ฎใฎ็–ฒใ‚Œใซใฉใ†ๅฏพๅ‡ฆใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
14:45
So just as they talked about combat brain fatigue,  
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆˆฆ้—˜ๆ™‚ใฎ่„ณ็–ฒๅŠดใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใฎใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ€Œๆˆฆ้—˜ๆ™‚ใฎ
14:49
fight against or battle brain fatigue, you can  use combat eye strain or battle eye strain.
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็œผ็ฒพ็–ฒๅŠดใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๆˆฆ้—˜ๆ™‚ใฎ็œผ็ฒพ็–ฒๅŠดใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
14:57
You could say eye fatigue, but I hear the  word strain used specifically with your eyes.
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็›ฎใฎ็–ฒๅŠดใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ ็ทŠๅผตใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏ็‰นใซ็›ฎใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจ่žใใพใ™ใ€‚
15:04
Is that a problem you have from  staring at a computer all day?
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ไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงๅ•้กŒใŒ็”Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
15:09
So mental strain, mental fatigue,  even when the pain was most intense.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็—›ใฟใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆฟ€ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใจใใงใ‚‚ใ€็ฒพ็ฅž็š„ใช็ทŠๅผตใ€็ฒพ็ฅž็š„ใช็–ฒๅŠดใŒ็”Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ ใ€‚
15:14
So the pain was searing and  that was 28% of participants.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ ๅ‚ๅŠ ่€…ใฎ 28% ใŒๆฟ€ใ—ใ„็—›ใฟใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
15:23
How can this be?
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ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
15:24
How could 28% of people choose a  searing pain over a mental task?
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28% ใฎไบบใŒใ€ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆ ็ฒพ็ฅž็š„ใชไฝœๆฅญใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚็„ผใ‘ใคใใ‚ˆใ†ใช็—›ใฟใ‚’้ธใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
15:31
After all, many do puzzles, play chess,  
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็ตๅฑ€ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒๆš‡ใชใจใใซใƒ‘ใ‚บใƒซใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใƒใ‚งใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Š
15:35
or challenge their brains in all  sorts of ways during their spare time.
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ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใง้ ญ่„ณใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
15:40
Notice these verbs?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
15:42
You do puzzles, but you play chess.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ‘ใ‚บใƒซใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใƒใ‚งใ‚นใ‚‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:47
So in English, you just have to memorize  what verb goes with certain activities.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€ ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ“ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใซใฉใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:54
Sometimes the choice is between do or  make, but in this case we have do or play.
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ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€do ใพใŸใฏ make ใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ do ใพใŸใฏ play ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:01
And of course, spare time is 1's leisure time,  
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ไฝ™ๆš‡ใจใฏใ€1 ไบบใฎไฝ™ๆš‡ใฎๆ™‚้–“ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„
16:05
the time they have when they're not  working, they're not doing chores at home.
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ใชใ„ใจใ ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šๅฎถใงๅฎถไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใใซๆŒใฆใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:11
They get to relax and perhaps  play chess or do a puzzle.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใฆใ€ ใƒใ‚งใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใƒ‘ใ‚บใƒซใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
16:18
Yet even in those scenarios, the scenarios where  
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚ทใƒŠใƒชใ‚ชใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€
16:21
people are doing puzzles or playing chess  or challenging their brains in other ways.
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ไบบใ€…ใŒใƒ‘ใ‚บใƒซใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใƒใ‚งใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Š ใ€ไป–ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใง่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ้ ญ่„ณใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ทใƒŠใƒชใ‚ชใงใ™ใ€‚
16:27
So those are the scenarios.
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ไปฅไธŠใŒใ‚ทใƒŠใƒชใ‚ชใงใ™ใ€‚
16:29
Even in those scenarios, studies in the review  found people complained about the mental effort.
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ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚ทใƒŠใƒชใ‚ชใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใฎ่ชฟๆŸปใงใฏใ€ ไบบใ€…ใŒ็ฒพ็ฅž็š„ใชๅŠชๅŠ›ใซใคใ„ใฆไธๅนณใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
16:36
So if you complain about something,  
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆๆ–‡ๅฅใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ
16:40
it means you express your negative  feelings or opinions about it.
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ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚„ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่กจๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ่‹ฆๆƒ…ใ‚’
16:49
I could say some students complained.
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่จ€ใฃใŸๅญฆ็”Ÿใ‚‚ใ„ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
16:52
So complain is a verb.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ–‡ๅฅใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
16:55
In this case, it's in the past simple  form because it's a completed pass action.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸใƒ‘ใ‚นใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:00
Some students complained that  this lesson was too long.
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ไธ€้ƒจใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ้•ทใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใจไธๆบ€ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
17:05
So you can use the verb complain plus a clause.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉž apply ใจๅฅใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
17:08
A clause is a subject.
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็ฏ€ใฏไธป่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
17:11
This lesson a verb was and  then the rest of the sentence.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใใ—ใฆ ๆ–‡ใฎๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚
17:15
A clause is a stand alone sentence.
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็ฏ€ใฏ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใ—ใŸๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:17
So if I take this lesson was too long,  that is correct as a sentence on its own.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ้•ทใ™ใŽใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œ่‡ชไฝ“ใŒๆ–‡ใจใ—ใฆๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:23
So you can use complain that and then  a clause, or you can complain about.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ apply that ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฅใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใ‚‚ใ€you can apply about ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
17:30
But if you use about, you need a something.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€about ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
17:33
Some students complained about this lesson.
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ไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒใ“ใฎๆŽˆๆฅญใซใคใ„ใฆไธๆบ€ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
17:37
Now this is the actual complaint.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ่‹ฆๆƒ…ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:40
Now notice all complaint.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎ่‹ฆๆƒ…ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
17:43
This is the noun form.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅ่ฉžๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
17:45
So if I saw this, this is a complaint.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‹ฆๆƒ…ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:48
It's a noun.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
17:50
This lesson was too long.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ้•ทใ™ใŽใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
17:53
And then there's some sort  of negative emoji because  
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ใใ—ใฆใ€
17:56
you're not satisfied or happy when you complain.
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ไธๅนณใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใใฏๆบ€่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ๅนธใ›ใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†็†็”ฑใงใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹็จฎใฎใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช็ตตๆ–‡ๅญ—ใŒไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
18:00
And of course, it's your right to complain  as a consumer, as a student, as a viewer.
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ๆถˆ่ฒป่€…ใจใ—ใฆใ€ๅญฆ็”Ÿใจใ—ใฆใ€่ฆ–่ด่€…ใจใ—ใฆใ€่‹ฆๆƒ…ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ๆจฉๅˆฉใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
18:05
But I certainly hope you don't have  any complaints using it as the noun.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆไฝ•ใ‹ไธๆบ€ใŒใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซ้–ขใ—ใฆ
18:12
I hope you don't have any  complaints about this lesson.
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ใ”ไธๆบ€ใŒใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
18:16
But if you do, please share them  because I will learn from them.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใœใฒๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็งใฏใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœ่„ณ็–ฒๅŠดใŒ
18:20
Let's continue to combat brain fatigue  so we understand why it's a problem.
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ๅ•้กŒใชใฎใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€่„ณ็–ฒๅŠดใจ้—˜ใ„็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
18:27
So now we're learning about the solution.
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ใใ“ใง็งใŸใกใฏไปŠใ€ใใฎ่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–ใซใคใ„ใฆๅญฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:30
Remember, you know this verb from before to  combat, to battle, to fight brain fatigue.
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ๆˆฆ้—˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ๆˆฆใ†ใ€่„ณใฎ็–ฒๅŠดใจๆˆฆใ†ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏไปฅๅ‰ใ‹ใ‚‰็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
18:38
Now notice how this sentence starts  with the infinitive 2 plus base verb.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใŒ ไธๅฎš่ฉž 2 ใจๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
18:44
But this is short form for in order to in order  
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ in order to ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
18:50
to native speakers just drop the in  order and just use the infinitive.
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใซใจใฃใฆใฏใ€in order ใ‚’็œ็•ฅใ—ใฆ ไธๅฎš่ฉžใ ใ‘ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:55
But if you see this, you know it represents  in order 2 in order to combat brain fatigue.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ่„ณ็–ฒๅŠดใจๆˆฆใ†ใŸใ‚ใซ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้ †ๅบใง่กจใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
19:02
And then following you will have a clause as well.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎๅพŒใซๅฅใ‚‚็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚
19:05
Now you know what a clause is.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ๆก้ …ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:07
It's a complete sentence with the subject a  verb and the rest of the sentence the object.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไธป่ชžใŒ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฎŒๅ…จใชๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:12
You can schedule regular breaks.
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ๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใชไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ‚’ใ‚นใ‚ฑใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใƒซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
19:15
So this is how you are going  to combat brain fatigue.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ่„ณ็–ฒๅŠดใจๆˆฆใ†ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใฎ้€”ไธญใง็ซ‹ใกไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใจ็ฒพ็ฅžใฎๆตใ‚ŒใŒ
19:20
It may seem like you are interrupting  your mental flow by getting up in the  
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ไธญๆ–ญใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
19:25
middle of a task, but a break, especially  a physical one such as a walk outside,  
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ใŒใ€ไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ€็‰นใซ ๅค–ใ‚’ๆญฉใใชใฉใฎ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใชไผ‘ๆ†ฉใฏ
19:32
refreshes and boosts brain power, experts say.
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ใƒชใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ•ใ‚Œใ€่„ณๅŠ›ใŒๅ‘ไธŠใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:36
Now, of course, all break is a period  of rest from an activity or work.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎไผ‘ๆ†ฉใฏ ๆดปๅ‹•ใ‚„ไป•ไบ‹ใฎไผ‘ๆฏๆœŸ้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:45
After I record this video,  I am going to take a break.
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ใ“ใฎๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’้Œฒ็”ปใ—ใŸๅพŒใ€ ไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
19:52
I'll probably make a cup of  tea and then come back to work.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใŠ่Œถใ‚’ๆทนใ‚Œใฆ ใ‹ใ‚‰ไป•ไบ‹ใซๆˆปใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:56
So if quick 5 minute break to prevent eye  strain to combat eye strain and mental fatigue.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็›ฎใฎ ็–ฒใ‚Œใ‚„็ฒพ็ฅž็š„็–ฒๅŠดใ‚’้˜ฒใใŸใ‚ใซใ€็›ฎใฎ็–ฒใ‚Œใ‚’้˜ฒใใŸใ‚ใซ5ๅˆ†้–“ใฎ็Ÿญใ„ไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใจใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
20:06
So notice that verb you  take all break meaning one.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉž you take all Break ใŒ 1 ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
20:10
But you can take breaks which means multiple.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ไผ‘ๆ†ฉใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅ›žๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
20:13
But the verb we use is to take to take a break.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใŒไฝฟใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œไผ‘ใ‚€ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:17
Now to interrupt.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไธญๆ–ญใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:19
You might know this is similar to a distraction.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆฐ—ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใซไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
20:22
You are interrupted by a distraction.
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ๆฐ—ใ‚’ๆ•ฃใ‚‰ใ™ใ‚‚ใฎใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆไธญๆ–ญใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
20:27
The verb to interrupt is when you stop  something, usually for a short period of time.
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ไธญๆ–ญใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€้€šๅธธใฏ็ŸญๆœŸ้–“ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅœๆญขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
20:33
So you're working and then a  break interrupts your mental flow.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ ไผ‘ๆ†ฉใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็ฒพ็ฅžใฎๆตใ‚ŒใŒไธญๆ–ญใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ†ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
20:41
It stops your mental flow for a period of time.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ฒพ็ฅžใฎๆตใ‚Œใ‚’ไธ€ๅฎšๆœŸ้–“ๅœๆญขใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:43
We commonly use the verb to interrupt when  someone is speaking and then someone else speaks,  
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็งใŸใกใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซๅˆฅใฎไบบใŒ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซไธญๆ–ญใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€
20:50
but then it causes this person to stop speaking.
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฎไบบใŒ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:53
This is done in a rude way, but it  can also be done in a helpful way.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅคฑ็คผใชๆ–นๆณ•ใง่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๆœ‰็›Šใชๆ–นๆณ•ใง่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
20:59
A speaker could be giving a presentation,  but then the moderator could say,  
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่ฌ›ๆผ”่€…ใŒใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ ๅธไผš่€…ใŒใ€Œ
21:03
sorry to interrupt, but we're almost  out of time, please finish your speech.
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ไธญๆ–ญใ—ใฆ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ‚‚ใ† ๆ™‚้–“ใŒ่ฟซใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
21:09
So that's commonly done in  formal speeches, debates,  
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ€ ๆญฃๅผใชใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใ‚„่จŽ่ซ–ไผšใ€
21:13
or even in a meeting where you're following  a strict agenda and you have to move on.
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใฏ ๅŽณๆ ผใช่ญฐ้กŒใซๅพ“ใฃใฆใ„ใฆๆฌกใซ้€ฒใพใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ไผš่ญฐใงใ‚‚่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
21:19
But it's also done in a rude way.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅคฑ็คผใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚‚่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
21:22
You shouldn't interrupt your teacher  when she's teaching, for example.
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ๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ้‚ช้ญ”ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
21:29
But a break, we know what that  means, especially a physical 1.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ€ ็‰นใซ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใช 1 ใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:33
So my example was to get a cup of tea.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็งใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€ใŠ่Œถใ‚’ไธ€ๆฏ้ฃฒใ‚€ใ“ใจใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:36
That's not physical.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:37
A physical one would be such as a walk outside.
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็‰ฉ็†็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ๅค–ใ‚’ๆ•ฃๆญฉใ™ใ‚‹ใชใฉใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
21:41
So that's physical.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
21:43
Of course.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:44
It refreshes and boosts brain power.
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ใƒชใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ—ใฆ่„ณๅŠ›ใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:48
Experts say let's practice  this when I take a break,  
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ๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใฏใ€ใ€Œ ไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚When ใฏไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ‚’่กจใ™ใŸใ‚ใ€
21:53
notice this is in the present simple because when  represents whenever, whenever I take a break.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:00
When I take a break, I always, always is  a keyword for the present simple as well.
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ไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€็งใฏๅธธใซใ€ๅธธใซ ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใช็พๅœจใฎใ‚ญใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
22:06
So your activity will be in the present simple.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆดปๅ‹•ใฏ็พๅœจใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
22:08
I shared mine.
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็งใฏ็งใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
22:10
When I take a break, I always get a cup of tea.
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ไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏๅฟ…ใšใŠ่Œถใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
22:14
I could also say I always make a  cup of tea or have a cup of tea.
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ใพใŸใ€็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ ใŠ่Œถใ‚’ๆทนใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏไธ€ๆฏใฎใŠ่Œถใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
22:20
What about you?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
22:21
What do you do when you take a break?
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ไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
22:24
Put this sentence in the comments or  just share your activity to practice  
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ“ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ“ใฎ่กจ็พใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
22:29
this expression so you're  more likely to remember it.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ฆšใˆใ‚„ใ™ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
22:33
Finally.
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ใคใ„ใซใ€‚
22:34
So another way to combat brain fatigue.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€่„ณ็–ฒๅŠดใซๅฏพๆŠ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
22:38
This was one way take regular breaks, and  another way cut your brain some slack.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ‚’ใจใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฎ 1 ใคใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ่„ณใฎไฝ™่ฃ•ใ‚’ไฟใคๆ–นๆณ•ใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
22:44
Oh, do you know what this means?
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
22:47
This is an idiom to cut one some slack.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹็จ‹ๅบฆใฎไฝ™่ฃ•ใ‚’ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ…ฃ็”จๅฅใงใ™ใ€‚
22:51
So remember for idioms you have  to remember the exact word.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ ๆญฃ็ขบใชๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
22:54
So you must use some slack and one  you can replace with whoever the  
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹็จ‹ๅบฆใฎไฝ™่ฃ•ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ€
23:01
something or someone is in this case  your brain to cut one some slack.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใพใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ ่„ณใฎไฝ™่ฃ•ใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
23:07
Remember that cut is an irregular verb.
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Cut ใฏไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
23:10
All forms are cut the past  and the past participle.
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ใ™ในใฆใฎๅฝขๅผใฏ้ŽๅŽป ใจ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
23:15
Now this means be lenient.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฏ›ๅคงใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:17
So be more understanding, be less  critical and less judgmental.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็†่งฃใ‚’ๆทฑใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Š ๆ‰นๅˆค็š„ใงใชใใ€ๆ‰นๅˆค็š„ใงใ‚‚ใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
23:22
So just understand that your  brain gets tired and that's OK.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ่„ณใŒ็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
23:27
Cut your brain some slack  rather than beating yourself up.
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’่ฒฌใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€่„ณใฎไฝ™่ฃ•ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๆˆปใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
23:33
OK, so to physically beat someone  up is to to hurt them physically,  
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’็‰ฉ็†็š„ใซๆฎดใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ใใฎไบบใ‚’็‰ฉ็†็š„ใซๅ‚ทใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
23:40
but to beat yourself up is to  be very critical of yourself.
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ใŒใ€่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’ๆฎดใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’้žๅธธใซๆ‰นๅˆคใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
23:45
So students do this all the time.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅญฆ็”ŸใŸใกใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
23:47
My English is terrible.
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็งใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฏใฒใฉใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
23:49
My accent is so thick, my grammar is horrible.
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็งใฎใชใพใ‚Šใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฟƒใใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚‚ใฒใฉใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
23:54
They beat themselves up.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’ๆ‰“ใก่ฒ ใ‹ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
23:56
They're very critical of  themselves, of their English skills.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚„่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ้žๅธธใซๆ‰นๅˆค็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
24:01
So that's an example of beating yourself up.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’่ฒฌใ‚ใ‚‹ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
24:04
But in this context, to beat  yourself up, it would be,  
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใง่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’่ฒฌใ‚ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใพใ  2 ๆ™‚้–“
24:08
I've only been working for  two hours, why am I tired?
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ใ—ใ‹ๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใซ ใ€ใชใœ็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ?ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
24:11
I shouldn't take a break yet.
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ใพใ ไผ‘ใ‚“ใงใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใพใ 
24:13
It's only been two hours.
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2ๆ™‚้–“ใ—ใ‹็ตŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚
24:15
So that would be very being very critical of  
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ฒพ็ฅž็š„ใช็–ฒๅŠดใ‚„็ทŠๅผตใฎ่ฆณ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’้žๅธธใซๆ‰นๅˆคใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
24:18
yourself in terms of your  mental fatigue and strain.
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ใ€‚
24:24
So cut your brain some slack,  be lenient understanding  
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅ‹•ๅ่ฉž่กจ็พใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใฎใงใฏใชใใ€้ ญใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ไผ‘ใ‚ใฆใ€ ๅฏ›ๅคงใซ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
24:28
rather than notice this is a gerund expression,  so you need the verb in ING after rather than.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ING ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ the ใงใฏใชใๅพŒใซๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
24:36
So rather than plus gerund,  rather than beating yourself up,  
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€่ค‡้›‘ใช็ฒพ็ฅž็š„่ชฒ้กŒใซใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใŸใ‚Šๆ…Œใฆ ใตใŸใ‚ใ„ใฆ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’่ฒฌใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ€
24:40
rather than being very critical of yourself  because you're irritated or flustered by a  
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’้žๅธธใซๆ‰นๅˆคใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€
24:47
complicated mental task, recognize that  those feelings are part of being human.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใฏไบบ้–“ใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
24:54
And the lesson you should remember is you should  also cut yourself some slack with your English.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใๆ•™่จ“ใฏใ€ ่‹ฑ่ชžๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—็ทฉใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
25:00
You don't need to beat yourself up.
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’่ฒฌใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
25:03
Remember that.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
25:05
Now let's look at this last word,  flustered, because I really like this word.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใŒใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฅฝใใชใฎใงใ€ๆ…ŒใฆใตใŸใ‚ใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
25:08
It's fun to say flustered, flustered.
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ๆ…Œใฆใ‚‹ใ€ๆ…Œใฆใ‚‹ใฃใฆ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ€‚
25:13
When you're flustered.
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ๆ…ŒใฆใŸใจใใ€‚
25:15
In this case, it's to be flustered.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆ…Œใฆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
25:17
So flustered is your adjective.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ…Œใฆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใญใ€‚
25:20
When you're flustered, it means  that you're upset, you're annoyed,  
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ…Œใฆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ๅ‹•ๆบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€
25:23
you're frustrated, but because you're  either confused or you're stressed.
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ใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
25:29
This happens to me.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใซใ‚‚่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
25:31
I get flustered in airports, very large airports.
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็ฉบๆธฏใ€้žๅธธใซๅคงใใช็ฉบๆธฏใงใฏๆ…Œใฆใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:36
I find them very confusing or stressful.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆททไนฑใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:39
I don't know where I am, I don't know where I  need to be, I don't know what the procedure is.
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒใฉใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใฉใ“ใซใ„ ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใ‹ใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ‰‹้ †ใชใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
25:44
So I get upset but frustrated, annoyed.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏๅ‹•ๆบใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใ€ใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:49
I get flustered in airports.
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็ฉบๆธฏใงใฏๆ…Œใฆใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:53
Now this is the passive form.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
25:56
You could also say airports fluster me.
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็ฉบๆธฏใฏ็งใ‚’ๆ…Œใฆใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
26:01
So this is the active form.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๅฝขๅผใงใ™ใ€‚
26:02
Airport something to fluster someone?
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็ฉบๆธฏใง่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’้ฉšใ‹ใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
26:06
Airports fluster me.
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็ฉบๆธฏใฏ็งใ‚’ๆ…Œใฆใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:09
What about you?
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26:09
Is there something that flusters you?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
ไฝ•ใ‹ๅ‹•ๆบใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
26:13
So you could say blank flusters me.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็ฉบ็™ฝใฏ็งใ‚’ๅ‹•ๆบใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
26:16
Now notice I have airports because it's plural.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€็ฉบๆธฏใŒ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
26:20
It would be they so that's why I have fluster.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏ็„ฆใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ ใ€‚
26:24
But if you have one item, you could  say, what could I say for one item?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ†ใƒ ใŒ 1 ใคใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œ 1 ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ†ใƒ ใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใŒ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
26:29
Maybe math.
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ใŸใถใ‚“ๆ•ฐๅญฆใ€‚
26:31
Math flusters me.
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ๆ•ฐๅญฆใฏ็งใ‚’ๆททไนฑใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:34
So this is one item.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎไธ€ๅ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
26:35
So I add that as because it's it, it flusters me.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใ‚’ๆททไนฑใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ๅŠ ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
26:41
They airports fluster me.
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็ฉบๆธฏใฏ็งใ‚’ๆ…Œใฆใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:44
So for you, thinking of the English  language, you might say phrasal verbs  
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใซ
26:49
fluster me, or idioms fluster me,  or English grammar flusters me.
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ๆ…Œใฆใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใซๆ…Œใฆใ‚‹ใ€ ใพใŸใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซๆ…Œใฆใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
26:56
But the lesson here is cut your brain  some slack, cut yourself some slack.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฎๆ•™่จ“ใฏใ€่„ณใซไฝ™่ฃ•ใ‚’ๆŒใŸใ› ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซไฝ™่ฃ•ใ‚’ๆŒใŸใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
27:01
Don't beat yourself up.
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’่ฒฌใ‚ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
27:02
That's normal and that's part of being human.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆญฃๅธธใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไบบ้–“ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚น่จ˜ไบ‹ใฎ
27:06
I like this lesson at the  end of this news article.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎๆ•™่จ“ใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
27:11
So that's the end of the article.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใง่จ˜ไบ‹ใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
27:13
What I'll do now is I'll  read it from start to finish.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใง่ชญใ‚€ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
27:15
And this time I want you to focus on my  pronunciation and shadow my pronunciation as well.
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ใใ—ใฆไปŠๅ›žใฏใ€็งใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆ ใ€็งใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซใ‚‚ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ‰ใ‚ฆใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
27:21
Combat brain fatigue with these top expert tips.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใฎใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๆดป็”จใ—ใฆใ€่„ณใฎ็–ฒๅŠดใจ้—˜ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
27:25
Put your thinking cap on people often here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ไบบใ€…ใซๆ€่€ƒใฎไธŠ้™ใ‚’่จญๅฎšใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
27:28
After all, that's what our brain is  paid for and what many are paid to do.
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็ตๅฑ€ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใฎ่„ณใซ ๅ ฑ้…ฌใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒใใฎใŸใ‚ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
27:32
But a new study finds that people see  a downside of such mental expenditures.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็ ”็ฉถใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏ ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็ฒพ็ฅž็š„ๆ”ฏๅ‡บใซใฏใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚น้ขใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
27:38
Thinking can be a pain.
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่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ่‹ฆ็—›ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
27:40
Such work isn't actual pain, of course.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชไฝœๆฅญใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ่‹ฆ็—›ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
27:43
Your brain has no nerve endings, so a pain in  the brain is not like having a pain in the neck.
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่„ณใซใฏ็ฅž็ตŒ็ต‚ๆœซใŒใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€่„ณใฎ็—›ใฟใฏ ้ฆ–ใฎ็—›ใฟใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
27:49
But the mental effort it takes to think hard can  
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅฟ…่ฆใช็ฒพ็ฅž็š„ใชๅŠชๅŠ›ใฏ
27:51
be so upsetting that some people  will choose physical pain instead.
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้žๅธธใซๅ‹•ๆบใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ่‚‰ไฝ“็š„ใช็—›ใฟใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
27:56
A2020 study asked people if they would  prefer to do a difficult memory task,  
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2020 ๅนดใฎ่ชฟๆŸปใงใฏใ€ๆฐ—ใ‚’ๆ•ฃใ‚‰ใ—ใŸ
28:01
remembering if a card reappeared after a  distraction or experienced searing pain  
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ๅพŒใซใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰ใŒๅ†ใณ็พใ‚ŒใŸใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ
28:07
from a heat device when held against the skin.
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็šฎ่†šใซๅฝ“ใฆใŸใจใใซ็†ฑ่ฃ…็ฝฎใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹็„ผใ‘ไป˜ใใ‚ˆใ†ใช็—›ใฟใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใŸใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใ€้›ฃใ—ใ„่จ˜ๆ†ถใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใŸใ„ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ไบบใ€…ใซๅฐ‹ใญใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
28:11
When the pain was minor,  more people chose the heat,  
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็—›ใฟใŒ่ปฝใ„ใจใใฏใ€ ๆธฉใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใŒๅคšใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™
28:14
but that number dropped as the pain increased.
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ใŒใ€็—›ใฟใŒๅข—ใ™ใซใคใ‚Œใฆใใฎๆ•ฐใฏๆธ›ๅฐ‘ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
28:18
However, 28% of the participants still  chose physical pain over mental strain,  
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ‚ๅŠ ่€…ใฎ 28% ใฏใ€็—›ใฟใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆฟ€ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใจใใงใ‚‚ใ€ ็ฒพ็ฅž็š„ใช่ฒ ๆ‹…ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚่‚‰ไฝ“็š„ใช็—›ใฟใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
28:23
even when the pain was most intense.
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ใ€‚
28:26
How can this be?
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ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
28:27
After all, many do puzzles, play Chaz,  
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็ตๅฑ€ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒๆš‡ใชใจใใซใƒ‘ใ‚บใƒซใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใƒใƒฃใ‚บใง้Šใ‚“ใ ใ‚Š
28:30
or challenge their brains in all  sorts of ways during their spare time.
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ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใง้ ญ่„ณใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
28:36
Yet even in those scenarios, studies in the review  found people complained about the mental effort.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚ทใƒŠใƒชใ‚ชใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใฎ็ ”็ฉถใงใฏใ€ ไบบใ€…ใŒ็ฒพ็ฅž็š„ใชๅŠชๅŠ›ใซใคใ„ใฆไธๅนณใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
28:41
To combat brain fatigue.
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่„ณ็–ฒๅŠดๅฏพ็ญ–ใซใ€‚
28:43
You can schedule regular breaks.
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ๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใชไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ‚’ใ‚นใ‚ฑใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใƒซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใฎ้€”ไธญใง็ซ‹ใกไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใจ็ฒพ็ฅžใฎๆตใ‚ŒใŒ
28:45
It may seem like you are interrupting  your mental flow by getting up in the  
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ไธญๆ–ญใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
28:49
middle of a task, but a break, especially  a physical one such as a walk outside,  
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ใŒใ€ไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ€็‰นใซ ๅค–ใ‚’ๆญฉใใชใฉใฎ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใชไผ‘ๆ†ฉใฏ
28:54
refreshes and boosts brain power, experts say.
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ใƒชใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ•ใ‚Œใ€่„ณๅŠ›ใŒๅ‘ไธŠใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
28:58
Finally, cut your brain some slack.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€่„ณใฎไฝ™่ฃ•ใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
29:00
Rather than beating yourself up because  you're irritated or flustered by a  
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29:04
complicated mental task, recognize that  those feelings are part of being human.
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่ค‡้›‘ใช็ฒพ็ฅž็š„่ชฒ้กŒใซใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใŸใ‚Š็‹ผ็‹ฝใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’่ฒฌใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใฏไบบ้–“ใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’
29:09
Do you want me to make more  lessons just like this?
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจไฝœใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸ
29:12
If you do them, put let's go, let's  go, put let's go in the comments.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใ€Œ่กŒใ“ใ†ใ€ ่กŒใ“ใ†ใ€่กŒใ“ใ†ใ€ใจๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
29:16
And of course, make sure you like this lesson.
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
29:18
Share with your friends and subscribe.
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ๅ‹้”ใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ่ณผ่ชญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
29:20
So you're notified every time I post a new lesson.
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆŠ•็จฟใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใณใซ้€š็ŸฅใŒๅฑŠใใพใ™ใ€‚
29:23
And you can get this free speaking  guide where I share 6 tips on how  
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ใพใŸใ€ใ“ใฎ็„กๆ–™ใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใงใฏใ€
29:26
to speak English fluently and confidently.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆตๆšขใ‹ใค่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใฎ 6 ใคใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
29:28
You can click here to download it or  look for the link in the description.
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ใ“ใ“ใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ ่ชฌๆ˜Žๅ†…ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
29:32
And make sure you watch this lesson right now.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไปŠใ™ใใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅฟ…ใš่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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