4 HOUR ENGLISH LESSON - ADVANCED ENGLISH VOCABULARY (Confusing English Words)

172,899 views

2023-12-14 ใƒป JForrest English


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4 HOUR ENGLISH LESSON - ADVANCED ENGLISH VOCABULARY (Confusing English Words)

172,899 views ใƒป 2023-12-14

JForrest English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Today I have an English vocabulary master class for you, and we're going to review all
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ่‹ฑๅ˜่ชžใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผ ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใ‚’้–‹ๅ‚ฌใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:06
the most confusing words in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆœ€ใ‚‚็ด›ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใ™ในใฆๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธŠ็ดš่€…ใง
00:10
These are confusing words that I hear even advanced students make mistakes with.
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ใ‚‚้–“้•ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€็ด›ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚
00:15
So by the end of this lesson, you're going to feel very confident because you're using
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใพใงใซใ€
00:20
all of these common words correctly.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใ™ในใฆๆญฃใ—ใไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใ€้žๅธธใซ่‡ชไฟกใŒๆŒใฆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:23
Welcome back to JForrest English.
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JForrest English ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:24
Of course, I'm Jennifer.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็งใฏใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
00:26
Now let's get started.
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ใ•ใ‚ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:27
Here's how this lesson will work.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
00:29
First, we're going to learn a group or a pair of confusing words.
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ใพใšใ€ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใพใŸใฏ ็ด›ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใฎใƒšใ‚ขใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:35
You're going to understand how to use them correctly.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใŒ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:38
And then you're going to complete a quiz to make sure you really.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใใ†ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใซ็ญ”ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:42
Know how to?
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ใฎๅ‹ๆ‰‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹๏ผŸ
00:43
Use them, and then we'll continue on to the next group.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ๆฌกใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
00:47
Let's get started with our first group first.
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ใพใšใฏๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:50
You're going to learn the difference between ON time and in time.
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ใ‚ชใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ ใจใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:55
Let's start off with on time.
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ๆ™‚้–“ใฉใŠใ‚Šใซๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:58
Now we use on time time to refer to a specific time, and it's a specific time that something
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็พๅœจใงใฏใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚ๅˆปใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ™ใŸใ‚ใซ on time time ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚ๅˆปใงใ‚ใ‚Š
01:06
will happen, and we commonly use this with scheduled events.
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ใ€ ใ‚นใ‚ฑใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใƒซใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
01:12
For example, traffic was terrible, but thankfully I got to the meeting on time.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆธ‹ๆปžใฏใฒใฉใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใŸใ„ใ“ใจใซ ๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซไผš่ญฐใซๅˆฐ็€ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:21
So of course you can imagine that there's a scheduled time that that meeting will start.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฝ“็„ถใ€ ใใฎไผš่ญฐใฎ้–‹ๅง‹ๆ™‚้–“ใŒไบˆๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:27
The meeting will start at, let's say, 3:00.
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ไผš่ญฐใฏใŸใจใˆใฐ 3 ๆ™‚ใซๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:31
So if you get to the meeting at 3:00 or before, then you're on time.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€3 ๆ™‚ใ‹ใใ‚Œใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ‰ใซไผš่ญฐใซ็€ใ‘ใฐใ€ๆ™‚้–“ ้€šใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
01:40
If you get to the meeting at three O 1 or after, then you're what you're late, right?
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3ๆ™‚1ๅˆ†ไปฅ้™ใซไผš่ญฐใซ็€ใ„ใŸใ‚‰ ้…ๅˆปใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:47
So that would be the opposite of on time late.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซ้…ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎ้€†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:51
Now you could also make a general statement and say I'm always on time, so notice it's
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œ ็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
01:58
in the present simple because it's a routine action which means.
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ๆ—ฅๅธธ็š„ใช่กŒๅ‹•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใช็พๅœจๅฝขใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
02:02
I always.
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็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ€‚
02:03
Get to my scheduled events on, on or before the time they're supposed to start, The time
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ใ‚นใ‚ฑใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใƒซใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใซใ€้–‹ๅง‹ไบˆๅฎšๆ™‚ๅˆปใ€ใใฎๆ™‚ๅˆปใ€ใพใŸใฏใใฎๅ‰ใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™
02:12
they're scheduled to start.
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ใ€‚
02:14
I'm always on time.
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็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
02:17
So what about you?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:19
Are you always on time?
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚ๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:21
Let us know in the comments.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ†
02:22
And if not, what adverb would you use?
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ใงใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
02:25
I'm sometimes on time.
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ๆ™‚ใ€…ๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚
02:27
I'm usually on time.
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็งใฏ้€šๅธธๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:29
I'm rarely on time or I'm never on time.
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ๆ™‚้–“ใซ้–“ใซๅˆใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใฃใŸใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใพใŸใฏใพใฃใŸใๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซๆฅใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:35
So let us know in the comments which one best describes you.
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ใฉใ‚ŒใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:39
Now let's talk about in time.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้–“ใซๅˆใ†ใ€
02:42
In time simply means that you have sufficient time.
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ใจใฏใ€ๅ˜ใซๆ™‚้–“ใŒๅๅˆ†ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
02:49
So you can think of it as to have enough time, enough time to do something, to do what you
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚„ใ‚Š
02:57
want to do, or to do what you need to do.
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ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅๅˆ†ใชๆ™‚้–“ใ€ๅๅˆ†ใชๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:00
But the real difference that you need to keep in mind is that there is a scheduled start
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏใ€ ้–‹ๅง‹ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚นใ‚ฑใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใƒซใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™
03:07
time Okay.
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ใ€‚
03:09
So let's imagine, let's imagine that I need to buy some eggs okay because I'm going to
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€
03:18
make a cake, so I need to buy some eggs.
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ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใชใฎใงใ€ๅตใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฒทใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:22
Now it will take me 15 minutes to drive to the store and then 5 minutes to get my eggs.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ๅบ—ใพใง่ปŠใง 15 ๅˆ†ใ€ ๅตใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใพใงใซ 5 ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:31
So the amount of time I need is 20 minutes.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชๆ™‚้–“ใฏ 20 ๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:37
Now let's say that the store closes in 25 minutes.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใฎๅบ—ใŒใ‚ใจ 25 ๅˆ†ใง้–‰ๅบ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
03:43
So I don't have a lot of time, right?
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๆ™‚้–“ใŒใชใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:47
But remember, there isn't a scheduled time that I need to get to the store.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๅบ—ใซ็€ใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใฏๆฑบใพใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ๅตใ‚’่ฒทใ†
03:53
I don't have an appointment at the store to buy eggs, right?
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ใŸใ‚ใซๅบ—ใซ่กŒใ็ด„ๆŸใฏใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ
03:59
So that's the thing.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚
04:00
There isn't a scheduled time, but I need a sufficient amount of time to buy my eggs before
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ๆ™‚้–“ใฏๆฑบใพใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€้–‰ๅบ— ใพใงใซๅตใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใซใฏๅๅˆ†ใชๆ™‚้–“ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™
04:09
the store closes.
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ใ€‚
04:11
So maybe I could say, Oh no, I'm not going to get there in time.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†้–“ใซๅˆใ‚ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ ใ€‚
04:16
I'm not going to get there in time.
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ๆ™‚้–“ๅ†…ใซใใ“ใซ็€ใใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใชใ„ใ€‚
04:21
Because remember, I need 20 minutes to complete this task, but the store closes in 25 minutes.
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅฎŒไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏ 20 ๅˆ†ๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ ใŒใ€ๅบ—ใฏ 25 ๅˆ†ใง้–‰ๅบ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:30
Of course it's going to might take me a little bit longer, right?
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใญ๏ผŸ
04:33
So I might be concerned, Oh no, I'm not going to get there in time.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†้–“ใซๅˆใ‚ใชใ„ใ€ใจๅฟƒ้…ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚‹ใซใฏ
04:39
It's like saying I don't have enough time to do what I want to do.
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ๆ™‚้–“ใŒ่ถณใ‚Šใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
04:45
But let's say thankfully there was no traffic at all and I got there in 15 minutes.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅนธใ„ใชใ“ใจใซๆธ‹ๆปžใฏ ใพใฃใŸใใชใใ€15ๅˆ†ใงๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:50
Then I could say who I got here in time.
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€่ชฐใŒใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚’ๆ™‚้–“ๅ†…ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:53
I got here in time.
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้–“ใซๅˆใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ“ใ“ใซ็€ใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:56
It's not on time because there isn't a scheduled event.
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ไบˆๅฎšใฎใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใŒใชใ„ใฎใง้–“ใซๅˆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
05:01
It's in time simply because it means I have enough time, sufficient time to do what I
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ๅๅˆ†้–“ใซๅˆใ†ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€้–‰ๅบ—ๅ‰
05:09
need to do, buy eggs before the store closes.
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ใซๅตใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใชใฉใ€ใ‚„ใ‚‹ในใใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅๅˆ†ใชๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ ใ‘ใฎ็†็”ฑใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:14
So it's a very.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:15
Subtle difference, right?
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ๅพฎๅฆ™ใช้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใฉใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใ‹ใ‚’
05:18
And I think the easiest way for you to know which one should I use is.
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็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:23
Just remember on time is for a scheduled event.
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ๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏไบˆๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใฎๆ™‚้–“ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:29
If you have a meeting that starts at a scheduled time, an appointment, a class, anything like
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ไบˆๅฎšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๆ™‚้–“ใซๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ไผš่ญฐ ใ€็ด„ๆŸใ€ๆŽˆๆฅญใชใฉใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œ
05:37
that, then you would use on time and if you're just talking about having enough time, sufficient
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on timeใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ ๅ˜ใซๅๅˆ†ใชๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œๅๅˆ†ใช
05:46
time.
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ๆ™‚้–“ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:47
Then you use.
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:48
In time the best way to feel confident with these is really to practice.
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ใ‚„ใŒใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซ่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅ–„ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
05:53
So I want you to leave 2 examples for each, Two examples for on time and two examples
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ใใ“ใงใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ 2 ใคใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ไบˆๅฎšใฉใŠใ‚Šใฎไพ‹ใŒ 2 ใคใจใ€ๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใฎไพ‹ใŒ 2 ใคใงใ™
06:00
for in time.
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ใ€‚
06:01
Put them in the comments below and that way I can review them and if I see any mistakes
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ ็งใŒใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใ€้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏ
06:06
then I can correct them and address them.
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ไฟฎๆญฃใ—ใฆๅฏพๅ‡ฆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:09
So now you know the difference between on time and in time.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใจๆ™‚้–“ใฉใŠใ‚Šใฎ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
06:13
Are you ready for your quiz?
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
06:15
Here are the questions.
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่ณชๅ•ใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
06:16
Hit pause.
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ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:17
Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ€ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:32
How did you do with that quiz?
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ใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎ
06:33
Make sure you share your score in the comments below, and let's continue on to the next group.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใงใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ๆฌกใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:39
Now let's talk about the difference between affect and.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€affect ใจ ใฎ้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
06:42
Affect affect.
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ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚
06:43
Is this a noun or a verb?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹?
06:47
Put it in the comments below.
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ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:50
Noun or verb?
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ๅ่ฉžใ‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‹๏ผŸ
06:52
Did you get it?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
06:53
Are you sure?
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ๆœฌๆฐ—ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:54
Do you know which one affect?
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:57
Is a verb.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
06:58
Okay verb.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚
06:59
It's an action word.
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่กŒๅ‹•็š„ใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:01
So brain association, affect action, affect action.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่„ณใฎ้–ข้€ฃไป˜ใ‘ใฏใ€่กŒๅ‹•ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ€่กŒๅ‹•ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
07:05
That can be an easy way for you to remember that.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใŸใ‚ใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
07:10
OK, so now I'm going to make this very easy for you.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ ใ€‚
07:14
Put it.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’็ฝฎใใ€‚
07:15
In the comments, effect.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ€ๅŠนๆžœใ€‚
07:16
Is that a noun or a verb?
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹?
07:20
What do you think?
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ใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:21
Put it in the comments.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:23
Well, of course, if a fact is a verb, then E fact is a noun.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€fact ใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ Fact ใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
07:29
So really right there.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:31
Boom.
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ใƒ–ใƒผใƒ ใ€‚
07:32
You know the difference?
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้•ใ„ใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:33
Because like I said, if you know, if one's a verb and one's a noun, then based on sentence
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅ…ˆใปใฉใ‚‚่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ไธ€ๆ–นใŒ ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไธ€ๆ–นใŒๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹
07:38
structure only one of them can be used.
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ไธ€ๆ–นใฎใฟใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:41
But let me give you some examples so you can really see the difference.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€้•ใ„ใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
07:46
And then at the end, I'm going to show you how you can actually use a fact and effect
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซๅŒใ˜ๆ–‡ใฎไธญใง ไบ‹ๅฎŸใจๅŠนๆžœใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™
07:51
in the same sentence.
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ใ€‚
07:53
And this does happen more.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ•ใ‚‰ใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:55
Than you would.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ€‚
07:56
Think so.
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ใใ†ๆ€ใ†ใ€‚
07:57
Let's start with a fact.
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ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:00
Like I said, a fact is a verb.
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ๅ…ˆใปใฉใ‚‚่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ไบ‹ๅฎŸใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
08:03
So for sentence structure, something effects something.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
08:08
That's really the structure that you need to remember.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๆง‹้€ ใงใ™ ใ€‚
08:12
So let's see, before we go any further.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใ‚€ๅ‰ใซ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’
08:14
If you can think of an example sentence using affect, put it in the comments.
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ไฝฟใฃใŸไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ใคใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:20
Pause the video.
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ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:21
If you need, put that example sentence using affect in the comments below.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
08:27
Did you put one in the comments?
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซไธ€ใคๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
08:29
OK, here's mine.
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OKใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
08:31
The dry weather affected.
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ไนพ็‡ฅใ—ใŸๅคฉๅ€™ใŒๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:33
The.
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ใ€‚
08:35
Crops.
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ไฝœ็‰ฉใ€‚
08:36
Remember our sentence structure?
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ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
08:37
We have something.
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็งใŸใกใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:39
What's the something?
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใฃใฆไฝ•๏ผŸ
08:40
Put it in the comments.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:42
What's the something?
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใฃใฆไฝ•๏ผŸ
08:43
The dry weather, right?
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ไนพ็‡ฅใ—ใŸๅคฉๆฐ—ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
08:45
That's or something Something effects something.
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ไฝ•ใ‹ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚
08:49
The dry weather affected the crops.
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ไนพ็‡ฅใ—ใŸๅคฉๅ€™ใฏไฝœ็‰ฉใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸใ€‚
08:54
So the other something is.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฏใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:57
Put it in the comments, It's the crop.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไฝœ็‰ฉใงใ™ใ€‚
09:01
So we have something, effects, something.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ๅŠนๆžœใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:03
But what do you notice about affect in this sentence?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใซใคใ„ใฆใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใพใ™ใ‹ ?
09:09
It's a verb, right?
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
09:11
So what verb tense is this sentence?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:14
In?
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ใง๏ผŸ
09:15
What verb tense is this in?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใฎๅ‹•่ฉžๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใ™ใ‹?
09:17
Put it in the comments below The dry weather affected past.
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ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ไนพ็‡ฅใ—ใŸๅคฉๅ€™ใŒ ้ŽๅŽปใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:24
Simple.
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ๅ˜็ด”ใ€‚
09:25
So we know this.
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ใใ‚Œใง็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:26
Is a completed action in the past, and that's what you need to remember with a fact.
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้ŽๅŽปใซๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸ่กŒ็‚บใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ ไบ‹ๅฎŸใจใ—ใฆ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:32
Because it's a verb, it's going to be conjugated in different structures based on the context
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎ ๆ–‡่„ˆใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆง‹้€ ใงๆดป็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
09:40
of this sentence.
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ใ€‚
09:41
Now, because a fact is a verb, I can take this sentence and put it in the present simple.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไบ‹ๅฎŸใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅ˜็ด”็พๅœจๅฝขใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:50
For example, I can put it in a different verb tense, which simply just changes the meaning.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅˆฅใฎๅ‹•่ฉžๆ™‚ๅˆถใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใซๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:57
So pause the video if you need and think about what would this sentence be in the present
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใ€ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใŒ็พๅœจ
10:03
simple.
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ๅ˜็ด”ๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:05
And when you have your answer, put it in the comments below.
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็ญ”ใˆใŒ่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ่พผใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
10:09
So take your time.
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ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ไฝœ็‰ฉใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹
10:10
Pause the video if you need the dry weather affected the crops.
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ไนพ็‡ฅใ—ใŸๅคฉๅ€™ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
10:16
What would that be in the present?
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจใงใฏใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:18
Simple.
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ๅ˜็ด”ใ€‚
10:19
Do you have it?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
10:21
It would be the dry weather affects the crops.
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ไนพ็‡ฅใ—ใŸๅคฉๅ€™ใŒไฝœ็‰ฉใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:29
Did you get that?
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ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:30
S Yeah, I made it really dramatic there.
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S ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใใ“ใงใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒžใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใซไป•ไธŠใ’ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:33
Obviously you wouldn't say that in real.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใฏ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:35
Situation, but just so you.
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็Šถๆณใฏใใ†ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ใใ†ใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
10:37
Remember.
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่ฆšใˆใฆใ€‚
10:38
Affect.
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ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
10:39
Is a verb the dry weather as a subject.
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ไนพ็‡ฅใ—ใŸๅคฉๆฐ—ใ‚’ไธป่ชžใจใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‚
10:43
Would be.
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ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
10:45
What it right it affects?
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ไฝ•ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:49
The.
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ใ€‚
10:50
Crops.
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ไฝœ็‰ฉใ€‚
10:51
So we need to remember to conjugate our verb and in the present simple we add an S to ** *** it
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ใงใฏ ** *** it ๅ‹•่ฉž OK ใซ S ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™
11:00
verbs OK.
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ใ€‚
11:01
The dry weather affects the.
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ไนพ็‡ฅใ—ใŸๅคฉๅ€™ใŒๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:04
Crops.
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ไฝœ็‰ฉใ€‚
11:05
So it's important for you to remember that a fact is what a noun or a verb?
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ไบ‹ๅฎŸใฏๅ่ฉžใ‚„ๅ‹•่ฉžใจๅŒใ˜ใ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
11:11
Put it in the comments.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใฏ
11:14
Is a verb, and because of that it needs to be conjugated according to the time reference
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€ ๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅŸบๆบ–
11:21
and according to the subject as well.
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ใ‚„ไธป่ชžใซๅพ“ใฃใฆๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:24
Now let's move on to effect.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ‚จใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
11:27
Effect is what a noun or a verb?
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ๅŠนๆžœใจใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹?
11:31
Put it in the comments.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
11:32
The fact is a noun, and you can think of it as.
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ไบ‹ๅฎŸใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
11:37
The.
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ใ€‚
11:38
Result of something.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎ็ตๆžœใ€‚
11:39
OK, because remember, nouns are people, places or things.
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ๅ่ฉžใฏไบบใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€็‰ฉใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
11:45
So in this case, it's like a thing.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็‰ฉไบ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
11:47
It's the result of something.
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ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใฎ็ตๆžœใงใ™ใ€‚
11:50
It's a thing, it's a noun effect.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็‰ฉใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ่ฉžๅŠนๆžœใงใ™ใ€‚
11:54
And remember, because it's a noun, it could have an article, or it could be singular or.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ† ่ฉžใŒไป˜ใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซใชใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
12:02
Plural.
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่ค‡ๆ•ฐใ€‚
12:03
Those would be our choices with a noun.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:06
So let's take a look at an example.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:09
I could say the effect of the dry weather was devastating.
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ไนพ็‡ฅใ—ใŸๅคฉๅ€™ใฎๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใฏ ๅฃŠๆป…็š„ใ ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฎ
12:15
The effect?
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ๅŠนๆžœ๏ผŸ
12:16
OK, I'm starting my sentence with the noun, The effect of.
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OKใ€ๅ่ฉžใ€ŒTheๅŠนๆžœใ€ใงๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ ใ€‚
12:24
Notice that sentence structure.
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ใใฎๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:25
The effect of something.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ€‚
12:27
The something is the dry weather.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใจใ€ไนพ็‡ฅใ—ใŸๆฐ—ๅ€™ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:30
The effect of the dry weather.
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ไนพ็‡ฅใ—ใŸๅคฉๅ€™ใฎๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ€‚
12:33
Was.
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ใ ใฃใŸใ€‚
12:34
Devastating.
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ๅฃŠๆป…็š„ใ ใ€‚
12:35
So here, because it's a noun, I need my article in front of it the the effect.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€ ใใฎๅ‰ใซๅŠนๆžœใ‚’็คบใ™ๅ† ่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
12:42
Another example I could ask, did this policy have any negative effects?
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ”ฟ็ญ–ใฏ ไฝ•ใ‹ใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใฎๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ๅŠใผใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
12:50
So notice here what's different about the noun I made it.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€I made it ใจใ„ใ†ๅ่ฉžใฎไฝ•ใŒ้•ใ†ใ‹ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
12:56
Plural.
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่ค‡ๆ•ฐใ€‚
12:57
Right, and I'm not using an article.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ๅ† ่ฉžใฏไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:59
In that case, did the policy have any negative effects?
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ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใฎๆ”ฟ็ญ–ใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใฎๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ๅŠใผใ—ใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ๏ผŸ
13:05
So were there any results of the policy?
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ใงใฏใ€ๆ”ฟ็ญ–ใฎๆˆๆžœใฏใ‚ใฃใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
13:09
And were any of those results negative?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็ตๆžœใฎไธญใซ้™ฐๆ€งใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
13:12
Now, just for fun, let's take a look at a sentence.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ้ข็™ฝใ„ใฎใงใ€ไธ€ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
13:17
Using.
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ไฝฟ็”จไธญใ€‚
13:18
Both effects and effect.
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ๅŠนๆžœใ‚‚ๅŠนๆžœใ‚‚ใ€‚
13:20
The side effects of this medication can negatively affect your liver.
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ใ“ใฎ่–ฌใฎๅ‰ฏไฝœ็”จใฏ่‚่‡“ใซๆ‚ชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
13:30
So pause the video if you need and think about this example.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
13:36
Hmm.
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ใตใƒผใ‚€ใ€‚
13:37
So the side effects there, we're using it as a noun, and that's a very common way.
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ใใ“ใงๅ‰ฏไฝœ็”จใ‚’ ๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:45
We use this as a noun, talking about side effects or the effects of something.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ ๅ‰ฏไฝœ็”จใ‚„ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:51
Like in our previous example, the side effects of this medication can negatively affect.
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ๅ‰ใฎไพ‹ใจๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€ ใ“ใฎ่–ฌใฎๅ‰ฏไฝœ็”จใŒๆ‚ชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:00
Your.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ€‚
14:01
Liver.
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่‚่‡“ใ€‚
14:02
And of course here something effects something, so it's really the side effects that affect
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ
14:11
your liver as the something.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใจใ—ใฆ่‚่‡“ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅ‰ฏไฝœ็”จใงใ™ใ€‚
14:14
So this really isn't that uncommon of a situation to see effect and effect in the same sentence.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ๅŒใ˜ๆ–‡ใฎไธญใซๅŠนๆžœใจๅŠนๆžœใŒ็พใ‚Œใ‚‹็Šถๆณใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉ็ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:22
So to summarize, remember a fact is what a noun or a verb?
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่ฆ็ด„ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ไบ‹ๅฎŸใจใฏ ๅ่ฉžใชใฎใ‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใชใฎใ‹ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:28
Put it in the comments.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:30
A verb and effect is, Put it in the comments, a noun.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใจๅŠนๆžœใฏใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
14:37
So that should be a great trick to help you instantly know which one you need to use.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใฉใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅณๅบงใซ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใค็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใชใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ ใ€‚
14:42
Now let's end by going back to my original e-mail that I was rating.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ่ฉ•ไพกใ—ใฆใ„ใŸๅ…ƒใฎ้›ปๅญใƒกใƒผใƒซใซๆˆปใฃใฆ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
14:49
So remember I wrote Do you think this could have MMM it.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŒใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏ MMM ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
14:56
So what do you think in this example?
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
14:59
Do I need fact or effect?
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ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‹ๅŠนๆžœใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ‹?
15:02
Do I need a noun or a verb?
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ๅ่ฉžใ‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ‹?
15:06
Put it in the comments below.
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ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:08
Pause the video if you need, think about it and then put it in the comments.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใ€ใ‚ˆใ่€ƒใˆใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:15
Do you?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ๏ผŸ
15:16
Think this.
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ใ“ใ†่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:17
Could.
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ใงใใŸใ€‚
15:18
Have affected it because I need a verb.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชใฎใงๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:23
Something affects something, and of course this verb is conjugated according to the sentence.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ ใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๆ–‡ใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆๆดป็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
15:31
All right, so now you know the difference between effect and effect.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใง ใ‚จใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใจใ‚จใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฎ้•ใ„ใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
15:36
This is an advanced topic and you're going to need to practice and review this.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ซ˜ๅบฆใชใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใชใฎใงใ€ ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:43
So why don't we start now?
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไปŠใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹? ๅŠนๆžœใฎใ‚ใ‚‹
15:45
Put in the comments below an example sentence with effect and an example sentence with effect
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ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใจๅŠนๆžœใจใƒœใƒผใƒŠใ‚นใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
15:52
and bonus points.
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ใ€‚ ๅŠนๆžœใจๅŠนๆžœใฎไธกๆ–นใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’
15:54
Major bonus points if you can think of an example sentence that uses both effect and
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ๆ€ใ„ใคใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚ŒใฐๅคงใใชใƒœใƒผใƒŠใ‚นใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใงใ™
16:00
effect.
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ใ€‚
16:01
Are you ready for your quiz?
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
16:03
Here are the questions.
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่ณชๅ•ใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
16:05
Hit pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the
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ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใ€ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ
16:15
answers.
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:20
How did you do with that quiz?
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ใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎ
16:22
Make sure you share your score in the comments below and let's continue on to the next group.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ€ ๆฌกใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
16:28
I see lots of mistakes with this next one.
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ๆฌกใฎไฝœๅ“ใงใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:31
Let's talk about the difference between borrow and lend.
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ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใ‚‹ใจ่ฒธใ™ใฎ้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
16:36
Now let's go back to my original question for you at the beginning.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ†’้ ญใฎ็งใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
16:40
Hey, can you borrow me your car?
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ใญใˆใ€่ปŠใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:43
What do you think about this sentence?
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใซใคใ„ใฆใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
16:44
Can you borrow me your car?
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่ปŠใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:47
Do you think that this sentence is correct or incorrect?
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
16:52
Put your answers in the comments so you can say right or wrong.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆ›ธใ่พผใ‚“ใงใ€ ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‹้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅˆคๆ–ญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:58
Thumbs up, thumbs down, yes or no.
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่ณ›ๆˆใ€ๅๅฏพใ€ใฏใ„ใพใŸใฏใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚
17:02
Whatever you need.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใ€‚
17:03
Put your answer in the comments.
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
17:05
Hey, can you borrow me your car?
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ใญใˆใ€่ปŠใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
17:07
Did you get your answer in the comments?
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใง็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
17:10
OK, this is what I hear quite a lot from students, even really advanced students.
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OKใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅญฆ็”ŸใŸใกใ€ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใฏใ‹ใชใ‚ŠไธŠ็ดšใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใŸใกใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ่žใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
17:17
But I have to.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—็งใฏใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:19
Break it to you.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸใซๅฃŠใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
17:20
That's incorrect and to a native speaker.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใซใจใฃใฆใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:23
It's like what?
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ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
17:24
Borrow me?
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็งใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
17:25
Huh.
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ใฏใใ€‚
17:26
It does not sound good.
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ใ„ใ„้Ÿณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:28
It's because the sentence structure is incorrect.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:32
OK, so while I'm explaining the difference between Boro and Len, you really need to pay
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ใ•ใฆใ€Boro ใจ Len ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้–“ ใ€
17:37
attention to that sentence structure.
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ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซๅฎŸ้š›ใซๆณจๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:40
So let's start with Boro.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใƒœใƒญใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
17:43
Now when you use borrow, you need to understand that you're the one receiving the item.
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ๅ€Ÿๅ…ฅใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ†ใƒ ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
17:52
Let's compare that to lend.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆๆฏ”ในใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
17:54
When you use lend, you're the one giving.
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่ฒธใ™ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:58
The.
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ใ€‚
17:59
Item Now let's take a look at the sentence structure.
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้ …็›ฎ ๆฌกใซใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
18:02
With borrow, You borrow something, you borrow something.
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ๅ€Ÿ็”จใงใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
18:09
This is why my original sentence sounded so.
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็งใฎๅ…ƒใฎๆ–‡ใŒใใ†่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ“ใฎใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:13
Weird.
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ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใชใ€‚
18:14
It might not sound weird to you, but trust me, to a native speaker that just sounds like
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆใฏๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใซใจใฃใฆใฏ
18:21
nails on a chalkboard, because that's not the sentence structure.
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้ป’ๆฟใซ้‡˜ใ‚’ๆ‰“ใคใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏ ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใŒ้•ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:27
You do not borrow someone.
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่ชฐใ‹ใซๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
18:30
Okay, when I said can you borrow me your car?
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŒ่ปŠใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
18:34
Can you borrow me your?
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่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
18:36
Car.
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่ปŠใ€‚
18:37
That's incorrect sentence structure, but there's a really easy fix.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใชไฟฎๆญฃๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ€Ÿใ‚Š็‰ฉใ ใ‹ใ‚‰
18:41
All you need to do is get rid of the someone because it's borrow something, right?
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็›ธๆ‰‹ใ‚’ๆŽ’้™คใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ
18:49
So to make my original sentence correct, what would I need to do?
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ใงใฏใ€ๅ…ƒใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
18:55
Now remember, with borrow you receive.
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ใ•ใฆใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
18:59
So as a question it would be can I?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€่ณชๅ•ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ใ€Œใงใใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
19:04
Borrow your car.
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่ปŠใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
19:07
Because I'm the one receiving the.
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ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ็งใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚
19:11
Car.
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่ปŠใ€‚
19:12
So can I borrow?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
19:15
Your car.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ปŠใ€‚
19:16
Can I receive your car?
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่ปŠใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
19:18
Temporarily, of course, so let me know in the comments.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใงใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
19:22
Can I borrow your car?
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่ปŠใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
19:24
So now it's your turn to practice.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
19:26
Borrow.
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ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใ‚‹ใ€‚
19:27
OK, so let me start you off with the beginning of the sentence.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๅ†’้ ญใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
19:32
Can I?
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ใงใใพใ™ใ‹?
19:33
Borrow.
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ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใ‚‹ใ€‚
19:34
We're going to.
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ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:35
Use this as a.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’aใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:36
Question form, so put in the comments.
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่ณชๅ•ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใงใ™ใฎใงใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใซใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:38
Can I borrow and fill in the blank?
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ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆ็ฉบๆฌ„ใ‚’ๅŸ‹ใ‚ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
19:41
So you need to identify the something.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
19:44
It could be anything.
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ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
19:46
Can I borrow your cell phone charger?
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ๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใฎๅ……้›ปๅ™จใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
19:48
Your pen?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒšใƒณ๏ผŸ
19:49
Your earrings?
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ใ‚คใƒคใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐใฏ๏ผŸ
19:52
Can I borrow $50?
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50ใƒ‰ใƒซๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
19:54
It can be anything.
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ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’
19:57
Put your example in the comments to make sure you practice this structure.
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็ขบๅฎŸใซๅฎŸ่ทตใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซไพ‹ใ‚’่จ˜่ผ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
20:02
Now let's compare the sentence structure with lend.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’lendใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
20:06
This is.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€‚
20:07
Why these two are confused because with lend you lend someone something.
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ใชใœใ“ใฎ 2 ใคใŒๆททๅŒใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใจใ€lend ใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฒธใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:15
So with lend we have the someone identified.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ฒธใ—ๅ‡บใ—ใงใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
20:19
OK, so perhaps I'm feeling really generous and I say to you, I can lend you my car this
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใŠใใ‚‰ใ็งใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฏ›ๅคงใชๆฐ—ๆŒใกใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง ใ€ไปŠ้€ฑๆœซ็งใฎ่ปŠใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ‚ˆใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
20:27
weekend.
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ใ€‚
20:28
I can lend you my car this weekend.
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ไปŠ้€ฑๆœซใ€็งใฎ่ปŠใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
20:32
Because remember, with lend, you give.
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€่ฒธใ™ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:36
So I'm giving my car.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฎ่ปŠใ‚’่ญฒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:39
That's as a positive statement.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใช็™บ่จ€ใจใ—ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
20:42
I can lend you lend someone something.
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่ชฐใ‹ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
20:46
I can lend you my car this weekend.
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ไปŠ้€ฑๆœซใ€็งใฎ่ปŠใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
20:50
All right, so now it's time for you to practice Lend.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏ Lend ใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹็•ชใ  ใ€‚
20:55
Now with lend as an offer is going to be as a positive statement.
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ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ€ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใจใ—ใฆใฎ่ฒธใ—ๅ‡บใ—ใŒ ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
21:02
I can lend you.
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่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚
21:05
And then we need to something.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
21:07
We can change our subject, right?
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่ฉฑ้กŒใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
21:09
It could be she can lend.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใชใ‚‰่ฒธใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
21:12
You.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ€‚
21:13
She.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใ€‚
21:14
Can lend him my boss.
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ๅฝผใซ็งใฎไธŠๅธใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
21:18
Can lend my coworker.
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ๅŒๅƒšใซ่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
21:20
We can play around with those subjects.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธป้กŒใ‚’ใ„ใ˜ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
21:22
OK, but make sure your sentence structure is subject lend someone something.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใŒใ€Œ ่ชฐใ‹ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ไธป่ชžใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
21:30
So put your example in the comments to practice.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซไพ‹ใ‚’่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
21:35
So what are you going to offer to lend me?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใ‚’
21:37
I'm excited to find out.
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็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎใŒๆฅฝใ—ใฟใงใ™ใ€‚
21:39
Now, one important note before we wrap up, Let's go back to my beginning sentence, which
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ้‡่ฆใชๆณจๆ„็‚นใŒ 1 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
21:46
was incorrect.
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้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:48
Can you borrow me your car?
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่ปŠใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
21:50
Hmm.
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ใตใƒผใ‚€ใ€‚
21:51
Can you?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใงใใ‚‹๏ผŸ
21:53
Borrow.
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ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใ‚‹ใ€‚
21:54
Me.
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใ€‚
21:55
Your car.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ปŠใ€‚
21:56
So that sentence is incorrect.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใฎๆ–‡ใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:58
But there's another.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
21:59
Way.
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ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€‚
22:00
We can change the sentence to make it a question, and that question would be can you lend me?
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ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใฆ่ณชๅ•ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฏใ€Œ่ฒธใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
22:09
Your.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ€‚
22:10
Car Can you lend me your car so notice?
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่ปŠ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ปŠใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
22:15
Although.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใ€‚
22:16
Lend means to.
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่ฒธใ™ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏ๏ฝžใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
22:18
Give.
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ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚
22:19
Notice that subject right?
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ใใฎ่ฉฑ้กŒใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
22:21
Can you lend me so?
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่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
22:25
Although lend means to give, you're the one giving and I'm the one receiving, right?
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่ฒธใ™ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๅดใง็งใฏๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ๅดใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
22:33
So in that case, can you lend me your car is exactly the same as Do you know what I'm
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ปŠใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็งใŒ
22:42
about to say?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰่จ€ใŠใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
22:44
It's exactly the same as Put it in the comments.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใจใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
22:48
If you do, huge bonus points if you get this Can you lend me your car?
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚Œใฐ่ŽซๅคงใชใƒœใƒผใƒŠใ‚นใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใŒใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ปŠใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œ
22:55
Is exactly the same as Can I borrow your car?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ปŠใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
23:02
So you may need to pause the video and think about it, because you need to keep in mind
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
23:07
the direction of who's giving, who's receiving, and you need to pay attention to that sentence
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่ชฐใŒไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€่ชฐใŒๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–นๅ‘ๆ€งใ‚’ๅฟต้ ญใซ็ฝฎใใ€ ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซใ‚‚ๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
23:13
structure as well.
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ใ€‚
23:15
So that's a final exercise you can do.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใงใ™ใ€‚
23:18
Before you leave in the comments, write your own example using the two different questions,
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ™ๅ‰ใซใ€ 2 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
23:27
although keep in mind that they mean exactly the same thing.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใพใฃใŸใ ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ็•™ๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
23:31
So try that out and see if you can get that as well.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‚ๅ–ๅพ—ใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
23:35
Are you ready for your quiz?
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
23:37
Here are the questions.
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่ณชๅ•ใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
23:38
Hit, pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the
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ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ
23:45
answers.
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
23:54
How did you do with that quiz?
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ใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎ
23:56
Make sure you share your score in the comments below, and let's continue on to the next group.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใงใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ๆฌกใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
24:01
You're doing.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
24:02
Awesome.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
24:03
Let's continue on and review, compare to and compare with.
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็ถšใ‘ใฆใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ—ใ€ ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
24:08
Now first, let's talk about the verb.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใพใšใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
24:11
Compare to compare as a verb.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:14
This means.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใคใพใ‚Šใ€‚ 2 ใคใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฎ
24:15
To identify the similarities and or differences between two things, there are two prepositions
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้กžไผผ็‚นใ‚„็›ธ้•็‚นใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ ใ€
24:24
that you can use compare to or compare with.
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compare to ใพใŸใฏ Compare with ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
24:28
So let's start with compare to.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๆฏ”่ผƒใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
24:31
As for sentence structure, you compare something to something.
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ๆ–‡็ซ ใฎๆง‹้€ ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝ•ใ‹ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
24:36
Remember compare is a verb, so you need to conjugate it with your subject and time reference.
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compareใ€ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€ ไปถๅใ‚„ๆ™‚้–“ๅ‚็…งใจๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
24:42
When you compare something to something, it means that you're examining 2 things to identify
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝ•ใ‹ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ 2 ใคใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ชฟในใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้กžไผผ็‚นใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
24:48
their similarities.
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ใ€‚
24:49
You're focusing on how a A is similar to B.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€A ใŒ B ใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚A
24:55
You're looking at A&B and you're trying to see how are they alike, what are the similarities.
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ใจ B ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช้กžไผผ็‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹โ€‹โ€‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:03
That's how we use compare.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒcompareใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚
25:05
To so for.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€‚
25:06
Example, I could say many people are comparing this election to the one in 1968.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒไปŠๅ›žใฎ้ธๆŒ™ใ‚’ 1968 ๅนดใฎ้ธๆŒ™ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
25:15
So we have the election in 2020 and the election in 1968.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€2020 ๅนดใฎ้ธๆŒ™ใจ 1968 ๅนดใฎ้ธๆŒ™ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
25:21
So you're putting them side by side and you're doing that so you can see how are they similar,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไธฆในใฆไธฆในใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€
25:28
what are the commonalities?
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ๅ…ฑ้€š็‚นใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ใจใฏ
25:30
What is the?
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ไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
25:31
Likeness between these two.
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ใ“ใฎไบŒไบบใฎ้กžไผผ็‚นใ€‚
25:34
Now let's talk about compare with.
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ๆฌกใซๆฏ”่ผƒใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
25:36
The sentence structure is exactly the same, we're just changing the preposition.
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ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใฏๅ…จใๅŒใ˜ใงใ€ ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใŸใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
25:41
So you compare something with something.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝ•ใ‹ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:44
In this case you have your two things A&B and you put them side by side to look at their
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€A ใจ B ใฎ 2 ใคใฎไบ‹ๆŸ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไธฆในใฆ
25:51
similarities and or differences, but with a focus on the differences.
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้กžไผผ็‚นใ‚„็›ธ้•็‚นใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ็›ธ้•็‚นใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚
25:59
So you're trying to see how are they different?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้•ใ†ใฎใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
26:01
What does a have?
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ใซใฏไฝ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
26:03
That's.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€‚
26:04
Different from B?
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Bใจใฏ้•ใ†ใฎ๏ผŸ
26:05
Hmm, so that's more what you're doing when you compare something with something.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝ•ใ‹ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใชใฎใงใ™ใญ ใ€‚
26:11
So I could also say, thinking about our last example, I could say let's compare this candidate.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่€ƒๆ…ฎใ—ใฆ ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ€™่ฃœใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
26:18
With.
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ใจใ€‚
26:19
This.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ€‚
26:20
Candidate OK, so we have candidate A, Candidate B I'm going to put them side by side, but
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ๅ€™่ฃœ่€… OK ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ๅ€™่ฃœ่€… A ใจๅ€™่ฃœ่€… B ใ‚’ไธฆในใฆ้…็ฝฎใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€
26:24
this time I want to see how they're different.
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ไปŠๅ›žใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:28
What is this one doing that this one isn't doing?
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ใ“ใฎไบบใŒใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎไบบใŒใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ?
26:31
Hmm.
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ใตใƒผใ‚€ใ€‚
26:32
How are they different?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใฉใ†้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
26:34
So that's all you need to know.
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็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใใ“ใจใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
26:35
Compare to focus on similarities, compare with focus on differences.
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้กžไผผ็‚นใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใ€ ็›ธ้•็‚นใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:41
Now here's the thing.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใŒๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚
26:42
Native speakers generally.
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ€‚
26:45
Don't follow this rule.
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ใ“ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใซใฏๅพ“ใ‚ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
26:46
I'll be honest, I don't follow this rule, OK?
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ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€็งใฏใ“ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใซๅพ“ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
26:50
And when native speakers don't follow this rule, we just use them interchangeably.
439
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒใ“ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใซๅพ“ใ‚ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:56
So I don't think about whether I'm comparing similarities or differences, and compare to
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้กžไผผ็‚นใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ ็›ธ้•็‚นใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ่€ƒใˆใšใ€compare to
27:03
two is the more common preposition.
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two ใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
27:07
Interestingly, in the past, like many, many years ago, with was the more common preposition
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่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ“ใจใซใ€ๆ˜”ใฏใ€ไฝ•ๅนดใ‚‚ๅ‰ใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ใ€with ใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
27:14
and they used it.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
27:15
For both.
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ไธกๆ–นใฎใŸใ‚ใฎใ€‚
27:16
But now in modern usage of English.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไปŠใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใŒ็พไปฃ็š„ใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
27:19
I don't know why.
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็†็”ฑใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
27:20
But it's more common just to use.
447
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ˜ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎๆ–นใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
27:22
2.
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2.
27:23
And there's most native speakers don't use a difference between them.
449
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
27:28
OK I.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
27:29
Don't.
451
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
27:30
Like I said, so whether or not you actually want to follow.
452
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ๅ…ˆใปใฉใ‚‚่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒญใƒผใ—ใŸใ„ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏๅˆฅใงใ™ใ€‚
27:33
This.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ€‚
27:34
Rule I'll.
454
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ใƒซใƒผใƒซใฏ็งใŒใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
27:35
Leave.
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้›ขใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
27:36
It up to you, but I don't.
456
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸๆฌก็ฌฌใงใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
27:37
And most of the people that I know don't either.
457
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
27:40
In fact, I don't really know anybody that.
458
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€็งใฏใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่ชฐใ‚‚็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
27:42
Does follow this rule?
459
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ใ“ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใซๅพ“ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
27:45
But since it was a question, I wanted you to know by definition in a textbook what the
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่ณชๅ•ใชใฎใงใ€็ญ”ใˆใŒ ไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ•™็ง‘ๆ›ธใงๅฎš็พฉ็š„ใซ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใปใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™
27:51
answer is.
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ใ€‚
27:53
And this is a great example of how we have textbook English, which is quite rigid and
462
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็งใŸใกใฎ ๆ•™็ง‘ๆ›ธ่‹ฑ่ชžใŒใ„ใ‹ใซ
27:58
very strict about usage of words and language.
463
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ๅ˜่ชžใ‚„่จ€่ชžใฎไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆ้žๅธธใซๅŽณๆ ผใงๅŽณๆ ผใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ™ๅฅฝไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
28:02
But then we have real English, everyday English.
464
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใฏๆœฌ็‰ฉใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ€ๆ—ฅๅธธ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
28:06
Which is a.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€‚
28:07
Lot more flexible and I use everyday English.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆŸ”่ปŸใซใชใ‚Šใ€ๆ—ฅๅธธ็š„ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
28:10
I don't use textbook English and I always encourage my students to use everyday English
467
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็งใฏๆ•™็ง‘ๆ›ธ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ›ใšใ€ ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใซใ‚‚ๆ—ฅๅธธ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ๅธธใซๅ‹งใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™
28:16
as well.
468
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ใ€‚
28:17
So ultimately the choice is yours.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
28:20
But regardless, why don't you try 2 examples in the comments below, One with compare to
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใจใ‚‚ใ‹ใใ€ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใง 2 ใคใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใฏใ„ใ‹ใŒใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚1 ใคใฏใ€Œcompare to
28:25
you can focus on similarities, one with compare with you can focus on differences and and
471
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youใ€ใง้กžไผผ็‚นใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฏใ€Œcompare with youใ€ใง็›ธ้•็‚นใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
28:31
then why don't you just?
472
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ใ€‚
28:32
Do a third.
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3็•ช็›ฎใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
28:34
Example where you're using them interchangeably, and I recommend using compare to because that's
474
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช้ธๆŠž่‚ขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ ใŸใ‚ใ€compare to ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™
28:40
the more common choice.
475
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ใ€‚
28:42
Are you ready for your quiz?
476
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
28:44
Here are the questions.
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่ณชๅ•ใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
28:45
Hit, pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the
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ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ
28:51
answers.
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
29:01
How did you do with that quiz?
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ใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎ
29:02
Make sure you share your score in the comments below, and let's continue on to the next group.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใงใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ๆฌกใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
29:09
This next one confuses a lot of native speakers.
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ๆฌกใฏๅคšใใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ๆททไนฑใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
29:12
Let's talk about the difference between a compliment with an I and compliment with an
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Iใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸ่ค’ใ‚่จ€่‘‰ใจใ€Œ
29:18
E Now, first of all, you need to know that there's no difference in pronunciation.
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Eใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸ่ค’ใ‚่จ€่‘‰ใฎ้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใพใšใ€็™บ้Ÿณใซ้•ใ„ใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
29:24
OK, so if you're using this in spoken English, it doesn't really matter which one you use
485
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅฃ้ ญใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅ•้กŒใซใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
29:31
because they sound exactly the same.
486
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ใ€‚
29:34
But in written English, there's a difference.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ›ธใ่จ€่‘‰ใงใฏ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
29:38
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
29:39
So just keep that in mind.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
29:42
Now these two words have very different meanings.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใพใฃใŸใ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใšใฏ
29:46
Let's start with compliment.
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่ค’ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
29:48
Complement is a verb.
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่ฃœ่ชžใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
29:51
OK to complement and for sentence structure something complements something.
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่ฃœๅฎŒใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ OK ใงใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏ something ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฃœๅฎŒใ—โ€‹โ€‹ใพใ™ใ€‚
29:59
Now remember, it's a verb, so it needs to be conjugated according to the sentence.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€ ๆ–‡ใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
30:05
What does this?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
30:07
Mean.
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ๅนณๅ‡ใ€‚
30:08
It means to add to something or to complete something, or simply to go together nicely.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฎŒๆˆใ•ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅ˜ใซใ†ใพใ่ชฟๅ’Œใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
30:17
Here's a really easy example for you.
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ใ“ใ“ใซ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใชไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
30:21
When I am doing my makeup, I think when I'm choosing my lipstick color, I think you know
499
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ใƒกใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ ๅฃ็ด…ใฎ่‰ฒใ‚’้ธใถใจใใซใ€
30:28
what lipstick would compliment my shirt, for example.
500
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ใŸใจใˆใฐ็งใฎใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใซใฉใ‚“ใชๅฃ็ด…ใŒไผผๅˆใ†ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
30:34
Or when I'm picking out a shirt, I might think, what shirt would complement my pants?
501
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใ‚’้ธใถใจใใ€ ใฉใฎใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใŒ็งใฎใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ„ใซไผผๅˆใ†ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
30:41
Which combination of things go nicely together?
502
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ใฉใฎ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใŒใ†ใพใใ„ใใพใ™ใ‹?
30:46
Does this lipstick add to my shirt?
503
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ใ“ใฎๅฃ็ด…ใฏ็งใฎใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใซไป˜ใใพใ™ใ‹?
30:49
Does it complement it or does it take away from my shirt?
504
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ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฃœๅฎŒใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ ็งใฎใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใ‚’ๆใชใ†ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
30:53
And in that case, it doesn't complement it.
505
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ใใ—ใฆใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฃœๅฎŒใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
30:56
So that's a very easy example.
506
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใชไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
30:58
If you're a guy probably picking out a tie, what tie would complement the shirt you're
507
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็”ทๆ€งใงใƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใ‚คใ‚’้ธใถใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็€ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใซไผผๅˆใ†ใƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใ‚คใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹
31:05
wearing?
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?
31:06
Now let's take a really fun example.
509
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ใงใฏใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้ข็™ฝใ„ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
31:09
Here we have a delicious piece of apple pie, my favorite pie of flavor.
510
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ใ“ใ“ใซใŠใ„ใ—ใ„ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใƒ‘ใ‚คใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฎๅคงๅฅฝใใชๅ‘ณใฎใƒ‘ใ‚คใงใ™ใ€‚
31:15
Now think about this okay thinking about our definition to add to, to complete, to go nicely
511
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ๅฎŒๆˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๅฎš็พฉใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ†ใพใ่ชฟๅ’Œใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ
31:24
together.
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ใ€‚
31:26
What do you think would complement this apple pie?
513
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใƒ‘ใ‚คใ‚’่ฃœๅฎŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฝ•ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ ?
31:31
There's no right or wrong answer.
514
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ๆญฃ่งฃใ‚‚ไธๆญฃ่งฃใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
31:33
What you think would complement this pie could be very different than what I think.
515
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ใ“ใฎใƒ‘ใ‚คใ‚’่ฃœๅฎŒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€ ็งใŒ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใจใฏๅคงใใ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
31:37
But do you think there are other food items or beverage items that could complement this
516
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใƒ‘ใ‚คใ‚’่ฃœๅฎŒใงใใ‚‹้ฃŸๅ“ใ‚„้ฃฒๆ–™ใŒไป–ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹
31:45
piece of apple pie?
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?
31:48
Put your answer in the comments.
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
31:52
What complements this apple pie?
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใƒ‘ใ‚คใ‚’ๅผ•ใ็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
31:57
Remember, it's a verb, so you need to conjugate it accordingly when you put your example in
520
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆ ใซไพ‹ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใใฏใใ‚Œใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
32:02
the comments.
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ใ€‚
32:03
So stop.
522
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚„ใ‚ใฆใ€‚
32:04
Pause the video if you need, and put it in the comments.
523
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ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
32:08
What compliments this apple pie?
524
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใƒ‘ใ‚คใ‚’ๅผ•ใ็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
32:11
Well, many things could.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใŒ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
32:14
The first thing I thought of was ice cream.
526
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ใพใšๆ€ใ„ใคใ„ใŸใฎใฏใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
32:19
Ice cream?
527
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ใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ๏ผŸ
32:21
Definitely compliments apple pie, in my opinion.
528
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็งใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใงใฏใ€้–“้•ใ„ใชใใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใƒ‘ใ‚คใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
32:24
You may disagree, and that's OK.
529
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ๅŒๆ„ใงใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
32:27
Whipped cream compliments apple pie.
530
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ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใƒ‘ใ‚คใซใฏใƒ›ใ‚คใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใŒๅˆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
32:29
Now, I've heard many people put a piece of cheese on apple pie and they think that cheese
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใƒ‘ใ‚คใซใƒใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ไน—ใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่žใใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒใƒผใ‚บใŒ
32:37
really complements apple pie.
532
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ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใƒ‘ใ‚คใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅผ•ใ็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
32:40
That's one that's for me a little bit.
533
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็งใฎใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
32:42
I don't know it.
534
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ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
32:43
Sounds a little weird.
535
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
32:44
But lots of people think that cheese compliments apple pie.
536
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใฏใƒใƒผใ‚บใŒใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใƒ‘ใ‚คใ‚’ๅผ•ใ็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
32:48
Now thinking about beverages?
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ไปŠใ€้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
32:50
Maybe a cup of coffee or tea or hot chocolate.
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ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‹็ด…่Œถใ€ใƒ›ใƒƒใƒˆใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใงใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
32:53
Hot apple cider could complement this apple pie.
539
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ใƒ›ใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใ‚ตใ‚คใƒ€ใƒผใŒใ“ใฎใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใƒ‘ใ‚คใ‚’ๅผ•ใ็ซ‹ใฆใพใ™ ใ€‚
32:57
A glass of milk could complement this apple pie.
540
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ไธ€ๆฏใฎ็‰›ไนณใŒใ“ใฎใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใƒ‘ใ‚คใ‚’ๅผ•ใ็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใƒ‘ใ‚คใ‚’
33:02
Lots of different options could complement this apple pie.
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่ฃœๅฎŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
33:06
So now you know what compliment with an E means.
542
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€E ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸ่ค’ใ‚่จ€่‘‰ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
33:11
So put an example sentence in the comments, pause the video and think of an example sentence.
543
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใ€ ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
33:18
And remember, our structure is something compliments something and it's a verb.
544
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฎๆง‹้€ ใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฃœๅฎŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
33:25
So you need to conjugate your verb accordingly.
545
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
33:28
Pause the video.
546
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ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
33:30
Put your example in the comments.
547
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
33:33
Now let's talk about complement with an I.
548
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ๆฌกใซใ€I ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸ่ฃœ่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
33:37
This can be both a verb to complement and a noun, a compliment or compliments.
549
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่ฃœใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใจ ๅ่ฉžใ€ใคใพใ‚Š่ค’ใ‚่จ€่‘‰ใฎไธกๆ–นใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
33:45
The.
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ใ€‚
33:46
Meaning is completely different than complement.
551
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่ฃœ่ชžใจใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๅ…จใ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
33:50
With an E they.
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E ใŒไป˜ใ„ใŸๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€‚
33:52
Don't relate to each other at all.
553
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ใŠไบ’ใ„ใซๅ…จใ้–ขใ‚ใ‚Šใ‚’ๆŒใกใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
33:54
OK, so they're completely separate words.
554
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OKใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅˆฅใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
34:00
Compliment with an I.
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Iใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใฆ่ค’ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
34:01
You can think of them as kind words of praise.
556
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ๅ„ชใ—ใ„่ค’ใ‚่จ€่‘‰ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ
34:06
Or approval so if.
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ๆ‰ฟ่ชใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€‚
34:08
You write in the comments Hey Jennifer awesome video.
558
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใซใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
34:14
You can pause right now and write that.
559
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ไปŠใ™ใไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฎ
34:16
In the.
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ไธญใซใ€‚
34:17
Comments.
561
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ€‚
34:18
Do it.
562
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ใ‚„ใ‚Œใ€‚
34:19
Just do it.
563
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ใ‚„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใ€‚
34:20
OK?
564
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ๏ผŸ
34:21
It's part of the example.
565
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ไพ‹ใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ™ใ€‚
34:22
So pause the video and write Hey Jennifer, awesome video right there.
566
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆใ€ ใใ“ใซใ€Œใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ€ใจๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ€‚
34:26
You just complimented me.
567
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŸใ ็งใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
34:30
Notice you just complimented me.
568
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
34:34
Is that a noun?
569
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
34:35
Or a verb.
570
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ใพใŸใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚
34:36
What do you think?
571
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ใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
34:37
Noun or verb?
572
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ๅ่ฉžใ‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‹๏ผŸ
34:39
Put it in the comments.
573
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
34:41
You just complimented me.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŸใ ็งใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
34:43
Well, it's a verb, and you can probably identify that it's a verb because it's conjugated in
575
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€้ŽๅŽป ๆดป็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™
34:49
the past.
576
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ใ€‚
34:50
Simple.
577
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ๅ˜็ด”ใ€‚
34:51
You just complimented me because you just did the action right.
578
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใฎใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ๆญฃใ—ใ„่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ใจใฃใŸใ ใ‘ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
34:54
It's completed.
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ๅฎŒๆˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
34:55
You wrote in the comments you complimented me.
580
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ็งใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใจๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
34:59
I could also say you complimented my video.
581
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็งใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
35:04
I could say that as well.
582
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใซใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
35:05
And this simply means.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜็ด”ใซๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
35:07
You.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ€‚
35:08
Offered me words of praise, words of approval and kind words.
585
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่ณž่ณ›ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ€ๆ‰ฟ่ชใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ€ๅ„ชใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็งใซไธŽใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
35:14
Now if I'm walking down the street and you see me, you say, hey, I really like that sweater
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ไปŠใ€็งใŒ้“ใ‚’ๆญฉใ„ใฆใ„ใฆ ็งใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‹ใ‘ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใญใˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไปŠ่ค’ใ‚ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใใฎใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
35:21
you just complimented me.
587
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1840
ใ€‚
35:23
You complimented my sweater.
588
2123350
1910
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใฎใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
35:25
Or if I smile and you're like.
589
2125260
1960
ใพใŸใฏ็ฌ‘้ก”ใ‚’ใคใใฃใŸใคใ‚‚ใ‚ŠใŒใใฎ็›ฎใฎๅฅฅใฏ็ฌ‘ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€‚
35:27
Jennifer, you have.
590
2127220
1080
ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ€ใใ†ใ ใญใ€‚
35:28
Such a nice smile.
591
2128300
1440
ใจใฆใ‚‚็ด ๆ•ตใช็ฌ‘้ก”ใงใ™ใ€‚
35:29
You just complimented me.
592
2129740
2800
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŸใ ็งใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
35:32
OK, so all these small little nice words.
593
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4190
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎๅฐใ•ใชๅฐใ•ใช็ด ๆ•ตใช่จ€่‘‰ใ€‚
35:36
Those.
594
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1280
ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ€‚
35:38
Are compliments.
595
2138010
1360
่ค’ใ‚่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
35:39
Those are compliments right there.
596
2139370
3410
ใใ‚Œใฏใพใ•ใซ่ค’ใ‚่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
35:42
Did I use it as a noun or a verb?
597
2142780
3110
ๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
35:45
Those.
598
2145890
1000
ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ€‚
35:46
Those.
599
2146890
1000
ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ€‚
35:47
Kind words.
600
2147890
1000
ๅ„ชใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ€‚
35:48
Those are compliments here.
601
2148890
2580
ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใใ‚Œใฏ่ค’ใ‚่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
35:51
It's a noun.
602
2151470
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
35:53
OK, so as a noun, it's a thing.
603
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3430
OKใ€ๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ็‰ฉใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
35:56
Like that word of approval, that word of praise.
604
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2750
ๆ‰ฟ่ชใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ€่ณž่ณ›ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚
35:59
It's a thing.
605
2159520
1400
ใใ‚Œใฏไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
36:00
Now, of course you can compliment somebody's smile, their hair, their earrings, their clothing,
606
2160920
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใฎ ็ฌ‘้ก”ใ€้ซชใ€ใ‚คใƒคใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ๆœ่ฃ…
36:07
things like that.
607
2167730
1770
ใชใฉใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
36:09
But in a workplace, hopefully you're going to offer compliments.
608
2169500
4859
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ทๅ ดใงใฏใ€ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‘ใฐ ่ค’ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
36:14
Now hopefully you're going to offer compliments based on their work, based on their performance,
609
2174359
6361
ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‘ใฐใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใ‚„ใƒ‘ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒณใ‚นใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆ่ค’ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‚ˆ
36:20
right?
610
2180720
1000
ใญ?
36:21
So anytime your Co worker or your employee does a good job, you can pay them a compliment.
611
2181720
7080
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅŒๅƒšใ‚„ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใŒ ่‰ฏใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใจใใฏใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ€่ค’ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
36:28
Pay them a compliment.
612
2188800
3200
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซ่ค’ใ‚่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’้€ใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
36:32
You can also give them a compliment.
613
2192000
3579
่ค’ใ‚ใฆใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
36:35
Those are two verbs that we use interchangeably with the noun.
614
2195579
4731
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€ๅ่ฉžใจๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
36:40
So you can.
615
2200310
1000
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
36:41
Give.
616
2201310
1000
ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚
36:42
Someone a compliment.
617
2202310
1000
่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่ค’ใ‚่จ€่‘‰ใ€‚
36:43
You can pay someone a compliment, Okay.
618
2203310
2530
่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚
36:45
So let's say you're in a meeting and your coworker gives a presentation.
619
2205840
5390
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไผš่ญฐใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ ๅŒๅƒšใŒใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
36:51
At the end of the presentation, you can say that was a really amazing presentation.
620
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7920
ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
36:59
You did an awesome job right there.
621
2219150
3880
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ“ใง็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
37:03
You just gave your coworker a compliment.
622
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4470
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅŒๅƒšใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
37:07
Okay, you paid your coworker a compliment.
623
2227500
4160
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅŒๅƒšใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
37:11
Those two sentence structures are interchangeable, and they're using the noun form now.
624
2231660
5600
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใฏไบคๆ›ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ็พๅœจใฏๅ่ฉžๅฝขๅผใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
37:17
You can also use the verb form.
625
2237260
3180
ๅ‹•่ฉžๅฝขใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
37:20
So pause the video and think, How could I take this example and change it into the verb
626
2240440
5860
ใใ“ใงใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅฝขใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใซใฏใฉใ†ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ‚ˆใ„ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
37:26
form?
627
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1000
37:27
Hmm.
628
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1000
ใตใƒผใ‚€ใ€‚
37:28
What do you think?
629
2248300
1000
ใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
37:29
Write it in the comments below.
630
2249300
1870
ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
37:31
How could I take this and change it into the verb form to compliment?
631
2251170
4939
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅฝขใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใซใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ?
37:36
Do you have it?
632
2256109
2951
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
37:39
You just complimented your coworker.
633
2259060
4270
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅŒๅƒšใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
37:43
You complimented their presentation.
634
2263330
3430
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
37:46
You complimented them.
635
2266760
2720
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
37:49
So in this case you need to remember that the meaning is very different between complement
636
2269480
5849
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€I ใ‚’ไผดใ†่ฃœ่ชžใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€่ฃœ่ชžใจ่ฃœ่ชžใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใจใใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใŒๅคงใใ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
37:55
and complement and also how you use them, because complement with an I can be used as
637
2275329
8000
38:03
both a verb and a noun.
638
2283329
2621
ใ€‚
38:05
So I want you to get comfortable with both of these forms.
639
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3180
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฝขๅผใฎไธกๆ–นใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
38:09
So pause the video and write in the comments an example with the noun and the verb.
640
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ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใ€ ๅ่ฉžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸไพ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ่พผใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
38:16
So why don't you tell us the last time that you gave someone a compliment and the last
641
2296740
6860
ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€
38:23
time that you complimented someone using the same sentence in both a noun and a verb form?
642
2303600
7910
ๅ่ฉžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไธกๆ–นใฎๅฝขใงๅŒใ˜ๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใŸใฎใฏใ„ใคใ ใฃใŸใ‹ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใŸใฎใฏใ„ใคใ‹ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
38:31
Are you ready for your quiz?
643
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
38:33
Here are the questions.
644
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่ณชๅ•ใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
38:34
Hit, pause.
645
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ใƒ’ใƒƒใƒˆใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ€‚
38:36
Take as much time as you need and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
646
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ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
38:50
How did you do with that quiz?
647
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ใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎ
38:52
Make sure you share your score in the comments below and let's continue on to the next group.
648
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ€ ๆฌกใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
38:57
Lots of students make mistakes with the next pair.
649
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ๅคšใใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒๆฌกใฎใƒšใ‚ขใง้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
39:01
Let's review elder and older.
650
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ๅนด้•ท่€…ใจๅนด้•ท่€…ใ‚’่ฆ‹็›ดใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
39:04
Both of these are used to talk about advanced age when making a comparison.
651
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚ใ€ๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ้ซ˜้ฝข่€…ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
39:10
So in order to make that comparison, we need two people.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใฎๆฏ”่ผƒใ‚’่กŒใ†ใซใฏ 2 ไบบใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
39:13
One needs to be younger and one needs to be older, older.
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ไธ€ไบบใฏ่‹ฅใใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ไบบใฏใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๅนดไธŠใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
39:18
So let's take Don and Ed, and let's say that Don is 15 and Ed is 18.
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ใƒ‰ใƒณใจใ‚จใƒ‰ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใƒ‰ใƒณใฏ 15 ๆญณใ€ใ‚จใƒ‰ใฏ 18 ๆญณใ ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
39:26
So of course Don is younger and Ed is older.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใƒ‰ใƒณใฎๆ–นใŒ่‹ฅใใ€ใ‚จใƒ‰ใฎๆ–นใŒๅนดไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚
39:30
Now let's say Don and Ed are brothers.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใƒ‰ใƒณใจใ‚จใƒ‰ใŒๅ…„ๅผŸใ ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
39:34
So Don, Don speaking and Don could say Ed is my older brother, my older brother using
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒ‰ใƒณใ€ใƒ‰ใƒณใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใ€ใƒ‰ใƒณใฏใ‚จใƒ‰ใŒ ็งใฎๅ…„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€็งใฎๅ…„ใฏๅนด้ฝขใ‚’
39:46
older to make that comparison between the ages and is to describe what type of brother
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ๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅนดไธŠใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ๅฝผใŒไปŠใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎๅ…„ๅผŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
39:53
he is now.
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ใ€‚ ๅŽณๅฏ†ใซ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€
39:54
Don could also say Ed is my elder brother, technically.
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ใƒ‰ใƒณใฏใ‚จใƒ‰ใŒ็งใฎๅ…„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
40:00
Technically Don can say this, but if Don is a native English speaker in North America,
661
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ๅŽณๅฏ†ใซ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ใƒ‰ใƒณใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใƒ‰ใƒณใŒ ๅŒ—็ฑณใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–่‹ฑ่ชž่ฉฑ่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
40:08
Don is not going to say that because although according to a dictionary and a grammar rule
662
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ใƒ‰ใƒณใฏใใ†ใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ ่พžๆ›ธใจๆ–‡ๆณ•่ฆๅ‰‡ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅนด้•ท่€…ใ‚’ๅนด้•ท่€…ใซ
40:15
you can use elder to replace older, in a comparison between two people to talk about their age,
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็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ 2ไบบใฎไบบ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใƒ‰ใƒณใฏใใ†ใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๅนด้ฝขใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
40:25
we don't do that.
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็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
40:26
OK, to me it sounds awkward, it sounds unnatural, and it's not something I hear.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€็งใซใฏใใ‚ŒใฏใŽใ“ใกใชใ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ—ใ€ไธ่‡ช็„ถใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ—ใ€ ็งใŒ่žใใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
40:33
So my recommendation to you is to use older.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅคใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
40:38
Even though elder is grammatically correct, I still want you to use older because it will
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elderใ€ใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‡ช็„ถใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œolderใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
40:43
help you sound more natural.
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ใ€‚
40:44
Now we can also make a general statement and say Ed is older than dawn.
669
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็™บ่จ€ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€ ใ‚จใƒ‰ใฏๅคœๆ˜Žใ‘ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅนดใ‚’ใจใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
40:52
So notice here I'm using older than.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
40:56
That's a comparative adjective.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆฏ”่ผƒ็ดšใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
40:58
Olders are adjective.
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ๅนด้•ท่€…ใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฏ”่ผƒ
41:01
Than we have our comparative adjective.
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
41:05
Ed is older than dawn.
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ใ‚จใƒ‰ใฏๅคœๆ˜Žใ‘ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅนดไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚
41:08
Now in this case I cannot say grammatically I cannot say Ed is elder than dawn.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซ ใ‚จใƒ‰ใฏๅคœๆ˜Žใ‘ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅนด้•ทใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆฏ”่ผƒๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆ
41:16
We don't use elder than it doesn't exist as a comparative adjective, and that's according
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ๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€elder ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
41:23
to grammar as well.
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซใ‚‚ๅพ“ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
41:25
So you might be wondering, if I'm telling you don't use elder when you're talking about
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ใงใฏใ€2 ๆ™‚ๅฐใฎๅนด้ฝขใซใคใ„ใฆ ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ‚จใƒซใƒ€ใƒผใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰
41:30
ages between 2:00 people, when can you use elder?
679
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ใ€ใ„ใคใ‚จใƒซใƒ€ใƒผใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใจ็–‘ๅ•ใซๆ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
41:34
Should you?
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ใใ†ใ™ในใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
41:35
Ever use it?
681
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ไฝฟใฃใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
41:36
Well, there is one specific case that we commonly use it in North America, and that's using
682
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ๅŒ—็ฑณใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใŒ 1 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏใ€
41:43
elder as a noun.
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elder ใ‚’ๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
41:46
A noun okay, not an adjective as a noun.
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ๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใฏใชใใ€ๅ่ฉžใงใ‚‚ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚
41:51
And elder and elder would be 1 and elders would be a group they.
685
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅนด้•ท่€…ใจๅนด้•ท่€…ใฏ 1 ใซใชใ‚Šใ€ๅนด้•ท่€…ใฏ ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
41:58
Are.
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ใฏใ€‚
41:59
Senior citizens, senior citizens, and using the name Elder sounds respectful.
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ๅนด้•ท่€…ใ€ๅนด้•ท่€…ใ€ใใ—ใฆ ๅนด้•ท่€…ใจใ„ใ†ๅๅ‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจๆ•ฌๆ„ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
42:06
It sounds like a nice thing to say.
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่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
42:09
It's certainly more polite than describing them as.
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็ขบใ‹ใซใ€ใ“ใ†่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ไธๅฏงใงใ™ ใ€‚
42:12
Old.
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ๅคใ„ใ€‚
42:13
People, right?
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ไบบใ€…ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
42:14
Just describing them as elders.
692
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’้•ท่€ใจใ—ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
42:16
It's a sign of respect and it's very polite.
693
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ•ฌๆ„ใฎ่กจใ‚Œใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€้žๅธธใซ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
42:19
But we use this for senior citizens.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’้ซ˜้ฝข่€…ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
42:22
Now, honestly, my definition of a senior citizen is probably about someone who's 80 or.
695
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ๆญฃ็›ดใชใจใ“ใ‚ใ€็งใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹้ซ˜้ฝข่€…ใฎๅฎš็พฉใฏใ€ ใŠใใ‚‰ใ 80 ๆญณไปฅไธŠใฎไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
42:30
Older.
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ๅนดไธŠใฎไบบใ€‚
42:31
80 or.
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80ใจใ‹ใ€‚
42:32
Older.
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ๅนดไธŠใฎไบบใ€‚
42:33
Why?
699
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ใชใœ๏ผŸ
42:34
Because I think in today's modern world, people are working well into their 70s.
700
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ็พไปฃ็คพไผšใงใฏใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏ 70ไปฃใซใชใฃใฆใ‚‚ๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใซๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
42:40
So maybe previously you'd be considered a senior citizen at 70 or maybe even 65.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไปฅๅ‰ใฏ 70 ๆญณใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ 65 ๆญณใงใ‚‚้ซ˜้ฝข่€…ใจใฟใชใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
42:48
But I don't see that in this modern world.
702
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็พไปฃใฎไธ–็•Œใงใฏใใ†ใฏๆ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
42:51
When I see a 70 year old, I see somebody who's still working, still traveling.
703
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70ๆญณใฎไบบใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใพใ ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๆ—…่กŒใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
42:56
When I think of elder, I think of like grandmas and grandpas sitting in a rocking chair, like
704
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ๅนด้•ทใ•ใ‚“ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใƒญใƒƒใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใƒใ‚งใ‚ขใซๅบงใฃใฆ็ทจใฟ็‰ฉใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŠใ˜ใ„ใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ‚„ใŠใฐใ‚ใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅงฟใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๆตฎใ‹ในใพใ™
43:02
knitting.
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ใ€‚
43:03
OK, so in my mind, as someone who's about 80 or older, so we have an expression, it's
706
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€80 ๆญณไปฅไธŠใฎไบบ้–“ใจใ—ใฆ็งใฎ้ ญใฎไธญใซใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹
43:09
just like a common saying, always respect your elders.
707
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ใ“ใจใ‚ใ–ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๅธธใซๅนด้•ท่€…ใ‚’ๅฐŠๆ•ฌใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
43:13
I heard this all the time when I was growing up as a kid.
708
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5370
็งใฏๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ„ใคใ‚‚่žใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
43:19
Always respect your elders.
709
2599290
1650
ๅธธใซๅนด้•ท่€…ใ‚’ๅฐŠ้‡ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
43:20
And keep in mind elders as a group, as a noun.
710
2600940
3990
ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅนด้•ท่€…ใ‚’ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใจใ—ใฆใ€ๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
43:24
Remember, just senior citizens, people who are 80, plus, this isn't people in your direct
711
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹้ซ˜้ฝข่€…ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š 80 ๆญณใฎไบบใŸใกใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็›ด็ณปใฎๅฎถๆ—ใฎไบบใ€…ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
43:31
family.
712
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ใ€‚
43:32
So it's not just talking about my grandmother, my grandfather or anything like that.
713
2612910
4980
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็ฅ–ๆฏใ‚„็ฅ–็ˆถใชใฉใฎใ“ใจใ ใ‘ใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
43:37
My great uncle, great great uncle.
714
2617890
1850
็งใฎๅคงๅ”็ˆถใ€ๅคงๅ”็ˆถใ€‚
43:39
No, it's about any senior citizen, OK?
715
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้ซ˜้ฝข่€…ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
43:42
It doesn't have to be related to you.
716
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
43:45
So when we say, like always respect your elders.
717
2625440
2200
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่จ€ใ†ใจใใฏใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅนด้•ท่€…ใ‚’ๅฐŠ้‡ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
43:47
I imagine if I'm on a bus, for example, public transportation, and an elder enters the bus,
718
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8630
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅ…ฌๅ…ฑไบค้€šๆฉŸ้–ขใฎใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ ใ€ๅนด้•ท่€…ใŒใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใ‚Š่พผใ‚“ใงใใŸใ‚‰
43:56
gets on the bus, I would give my seat to that elder person.
719
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ใ€ใใฎๅนด้•ท่€…ใซๅธญใ‚’่ญฒใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
44:02
Why?
720
2642349
1000
ใชใœ๏ผŸ
44:03
Because that's how we respect our elders.
721
2643349
3981
ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใŒๅนด้•ท่€…ใ‚’ๅฐŠๆ•ฌใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
44:07
Or same thing, if I was in a grocery store, I would let the elder person go in front of
722
2647330
5979
ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ๅนดไธŠใฎไบบใ‚’็งใฎๅ‰ใซ่กŒใ‹ใ›ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
44:13
me.
723
2653309
1000
ใ€‚
44:14
But remember that is 80 plus senior citizen.
724
2654309
4471
ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ80ๆญณไปฅไธŠใฎ้ซ˜้ฝข่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
44:18
So that's an expression that we have always respect your elders.
725
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใŒๅธธใซ ๅนด้•ท่€…ใ‚’ๅฐŠๆ•ฌใ—ใฆใใŸใ“ใจใฎ่กจใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚
44:22
So let me know in the comments, is that an expression that you have in your country?
726
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ›ฝใงใ‚‚ไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹่กจ็พใงใ™ใ‹?
44:27
I'm sure it's a universal concept.
727
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2539
ใใฃใจใใ‚Œใฏๆ™ฎ้็š„ใชๆฆ‚ๅฟตใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
44:29
And what's something that you do to respect your elders.
728
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4241
ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅนด้•ท่€…ใ‚’ๅฐŠๆ•ฌใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹ ใ€‚
44:33
So for me, I always open doors, I let them go ahead of me in line.
729
2673820
3920
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅธธใซใƒ‰ใ‚ขใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใฆใ€ ๅˆ—ใซไธฆใ‚“ใงๅ…ˆใซ่กŒใ‹ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
44:37
I even offered to carry their bags if.
730
2677740
2750
ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ่ท็‰ฉใ‚’้‹ใถใจใ•ใˆ็”ณใ—ๅ‡บใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
44:40
They look heavy.
731
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้‡ใใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
44:42
Things like that.
732
2682020
1000
ใใ†ใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚
44:43
I always try to help out elders.
733
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2380
็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅนด้•ท่€…ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅŠชใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
44:45
What about you?
734
2685400
1000
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
44:46
What's something you do now?
735
2686400
2300
ไปŠใฏไฝ•ใ—ใฆใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸ
44:48
So that's how I would recommend using elders to refer to a group of senior citizens and
736
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7100
ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
44:55
to summarize, when you're just talking about your brother or you know, a family member
737
2695800
6019
่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅ…„ๅผŸใ‚„ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š
45:01
that is more advanced in age.
738
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2961
ๅนด้ฝขใŒไธŠใฎๅฎถๆ—ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€้ซ˜้ฝข่€…ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใ€่ฆ็ด„ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ้•ท่€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
45:04
Use.
739
2704780
1000
ไฝฟ็”จใ€‚
45:05
Older.
740
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1000
ๅนดไธŠใฎไบบใ€‚
45:06
Don't use elder, You'll sound more natural.
741
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3290
ใ‚จใƒซใƒ€ใƒผใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‡ช็„ถใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
45:10
So now you have everything you need to use these two confidently.
742
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใ‚’่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ™ในใฆๆƒใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
45:13
So feel free leave two comments below, one with older, one with elder.
743
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไปฅไธ‹ใซ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’่‡ช็”ฑใซๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚1 ใคใฏ ๅนด้•ท่€…ใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฏๅนด้•ท่€…ใงใ™ใ€‚
45:17
I already told you how to use elder.
744
2717550
2340
ใ‚จใƒซใƒ€ใƒผใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ™ใงใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
45:19
Give us an example of how you respect your elders.
745
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5060
ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅนด้•ท่€…ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฐŠๆ•ฌใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
45:24
Are you ready for your quiz?
746
2724950
1880
ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
45:26
Here are the questions.
747
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1259
่ณชๅ•ใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
45:28
Hit pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the
748
2728089
6301
ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใ€ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ
45:34
answers.
749
2734390
9439
็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
45:43
How did you do with that quiz?
750
2743829
1531
ใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎ
45:45
Make sure you share your score in the comments below and let's continue on to the next group.
751
2745360
5979
ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ€ ๆฌกใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
45:51
I get questions a lot on the difference between employ, employer, employee, and employment.
752
2751339
8071
้›‡็”จใ€้›‡็”จ่€…ใ€ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใ€้›‡็”จใฎ้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ˆใ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
45:59
Let's review these.
753
2759410
1000
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹็›ดใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
46:00
Now let's start with employ.
754
2760410
2610
ใ•ใฆใ€้›‡็”จใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
46:03
This is a verb.
755
2763020
1360
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
46:04
To employ as a verb, of course, you need to conjugate it with your subject and your time
756
2764380
5420
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธป่ชžใจๆ™‚้–“ๅ‚็…งใจๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
46:09
reference.
757
2769800
1150
ใ€‚
46:10
Now what does this mean?
758
2770950
1400
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
46:12
Well, you need to understand the sentence structure of how to use this verb and someone
759
2772350
5910
ใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใจใ€่ชฐใ‹
46:18
or something like a company, someone employs someone and when that someone or something
760
2778260
6970
ใพใŸใฏไผš็คพใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’้›‡็”จใ—ใ€ ใใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใพใŸใฏ
46:25
like a company employs someone, that means that they pay them money in order to do.
761
2785230
7910
ไผš็คพใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’้›‡็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่กŒใ†ใŸใ‚ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
46:33
A.
762
2793140
1000
46:34
Job.
763
2794140
1000
ไป•ไบ‹ใ€‚
46:35
That's what the verb employee means.
764
2795140
1270
ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œemployeeใ€ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
46:36
So let's look at some examples.
765
2796410
2100
ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
46:38
I could say the company employs many students.
766
2798510
4400
ๅŒ็คพใฏๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใ‚’้›‡็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
46:42
Now you might think, oh, as a student they're just doing the work for free volunteer work.
767
2802910
6120
ไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅญฆ็”Ÿใจใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ็„กๅ„Ÿใฎใƒœใƒฉใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚ขๆดปๅ‹•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใ ใจๆ€ใ†โ€‹โ€‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
46:49
Or it's an internship.
768
2809030
1339
ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ‚ทใƒƒใƒ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
46:50
No, it can't.
769
2810369
1730
ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
46:52
If you use the verb employee, there has to be money exchanged for work, so it isn't volunteer,
770
2812099
7750
ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ไป•ไบ‹ใจๅผ•ใๆ›ใˆใซใŠ้‡‘ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€
46:59
even though that person is a student.
771
2819849
1990
ใŸใจใˆใใฎไบบใŒๅญฆ็”Ÿใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใƒœใƒฉใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
47:01
If a company employs them, it means they're paying them to do that job.
772
2821839
6591
ไผๆฅญใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’้›‡็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ใใฎไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
47:08
Another example, you could commonly ask how many.
773
2828430
4160
ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ€Œใ„ใใคใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
47:12
People.
774
2832590
1040
ไบบใ€…ใ€‚
47:13
Does your company employ How many people work at your company and receive money in order
775
2833630
7880
ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไผš็คพใงใฏไฝ•ไบบใŒๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใใฎไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ ใŸใ‚ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹
47:21
to do that work?
776
2841510
2099
?
47:23
Employee is a noun.
777
2843609
2411
ๅ่ฉž ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉž
47:26
You.
778
2846020
1000
ใ‚ใชใŸใ€‚
47:27
Are most likely an employee.
779
2847020
2960
ใŠใใ‚‰ใๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใงใ™ใ€‚
47:29
If you work for someone else, whether it's a company or an individual, and that someone
780
2849980
6760
ไผš็คพใงใ‚ใ‚ใ†ใจๅ€‹ไบบใงใ‚ใ‚ใ†ใจใ€่ชฐใ‹ใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใใฎ
47:36
pays you money to do the work, then you're an employee.
781
2856740
5300
ไป•ไบ‹ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
47:42
You're not an employee if you own your own business and you work for yourself, for example.
782
2862040
7610
่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
47:49
But if you work for someone else or a company, of course then you're an employee.
783
2869650
5900
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไป–ใฎไบบใ‚„ไผš็คพใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใงใ™ใ€‚
47:55
Now as an example, you can ask the same question that we asked before using the verb employee.
784
2875550
7100
ใ“ใ“ใงไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉžemployeeใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซๅฐ‹ใญใŸใฎใจๅŒใ˜่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
48:02
But this time you would ask how many employees?
785
2882650
3780
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ไปŠๅ›žใฏใ€ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใฏไฝ•ๅใงใ™ใ‹?
48:06
How many employees does this company have?
786
2886430
5139
ใ“ใฎไผš็คพใซใฏไฝ•ไบบใฎๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
48:11
Because now we know an employee is someone who works for a company and is paid for it.
787
2891569
5971
ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ไปŠใงใฏๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใจใฏ ไผš็คพใงๅƒใใ€ใใฎๅฏพไพกใจใ—ใฆ็ตฆๆ–™ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
48:17
How many employees does this company have?
788
2897540
2870
ใ“ใฎไผš็คพใซใฏไฝ•ไบบใฎๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
48:20
Or another example, the company gave every employee a raise.
789
2900410
5659
ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ€ไผš็คพใฏๅ…จ ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใซๆ˜‡็ตฆใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
48:26
So every person at that company that receives a paycheck, they gave them all a raise.
790
2906069
5641
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใฎไผš็คพใง็ตฆๆ–™ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ไบบ ๅ…จๅ“กใซๆ˜‡็ตฆใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
48:31
All their employees got a raise.
791
2911710
2750
ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กๅ…จๅ“กใŒๆ˜‡็ตฆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
48:34
Now let's talk about employer.
792
2914460
2020
ๆฌกใซใ€้›‡็”จไธปใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
48:36
I hear many students even sometimes native speakers confuse employee and employer.
793
2916480
7700
ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใงใ•ใˆใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใจ้›‡็”จไธปใ‚’ๆททๅŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่žใใพใ™ใ€‚
48:44
All you have to remember is employee is the one getting paid and the employer is the one
794
2924180
6280
่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใฏใ€ ็ตฆไธŽใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
48:50
paying the employee.
795
2930460
2480
ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใซ็ตฆไธŽใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใฎใฏ้›‡็”จไธปใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
48:52
OK, so employer that's like the boss, it's the company.
796
2932940
4899
ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€้›‡็”จไธปใฏไธŠๅธใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ไผš็คพใงใ™ใ€‚
48:57
Employee is the one working at that company and getting paid.
797
2937839
4720
ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใจใฏใ€ใใฎไผš็คพใงๅƒใ„ใฆ ็ตฆๆ–™ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
49:02
So you can think of it as an employer is a company or a person that employs people.
798
2942559
6821
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้›‡็”จไธปใจใฏใ€ ไบบใ‚’้›‡็”จใ™ใ‚‹ไผš็คพใพใŸใฏๅ€‹ไบบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
49:09
Now that you know what the verb employee means.
799
2949380
2989
ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œemployeeใ€ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
49:12
For example, let's say you're going to a job interview and they say to you, HR says to
800
2952369
6591
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅฐฑ่ท ้ขๆŽฅใซ่กŒใใจใใซใ€ไบบไบ‹้ƒจใŒ
49:18
you we need a reference from your last employer.
801
2958960
5210
ๅ‰ใฎ้›‡็”จไธปใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎๆŽจ่–ฆใŒๅฟ…่ฆใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
49:24
Your last employer.
802
2964170
1689
ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ้›‡็”จไธปใ€‚
49:25
So the last person or company that employed you.
803
2965859
5661
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ้›‡็”จใ—ใŸไบบใพใŸใฏไผš็คพใงใ™ ใ€‚
49:31
Notice how all these words are coming together.
804
2971520
3089
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
49:34
Or another example, and this could be a great example sentence that you leave in the comments
805
2974609
4601
ใพใŸใฏใ€ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใจใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
49:39
below.
806
2979210
1000
ใ€‚
49:40
So just think of this.
807
2980210
1000
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็งใฎ่ก—ใงใฏ
49:41
I could say the government is the largest employer in my city.
808
2981210
6050
ๆ”ฟๅบœใŒๆœ€ๅคงใฎ้›‡็”จไธปใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
49:47
And this is true because I live in the capital.
809
2987260
2720
็งใฏ้ฆ–้ƒฝใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ™ใ€‚
49:49
And in the capital, that's where all the official government business takes place.
810
2989980
5540
ใใ—ใฆ้ฆ–้ƒฝใงใฏใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎ ๆ”ฟๅบœใฎๅ…ฌๅ‹™ใŒ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚
49:55
So the government is the biggest employer in my city.
811
2995520
5760
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็งใฎ่ก—ใงใฏๆ”ฟๅบœใŒๆœ€ๅคงใฎ้›‡็”จไธปใชใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
50:01
The government employs the most people, so all the employees, they're employees.
812
3001280
7720
ๆ”ฟๅบœใฏๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅคšใใฎไบบใ‚’้›‡็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ่ทๅ“กใฏๅ…จๅ“กใ€ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใงใ™ใ€‚
50:09
Of.
813
3009000
1000
ใฎใ€‚
50:10
The government see how it's all coming together now.
814
3010000
3359
ๆ”ฟๅบœใฏ็พๅœจใ€ใ™ในใฆใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใพใจใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŠŠๆกใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ€‚
50:13
Finally, employment, employment.
815
3013359
3791
ๆœ€ๅพŒใซๅฐฑ่ทใ€ๅฐฑ่ทใ€‚
50:17
You can think of this more as a concept.
816
3017150
3320
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆฆ‚ๅฟตใจใ—ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
50:20
It's a noun, and it's the concept of paying someone.
817
3020470
5180
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ†ใจใ„ใ†ๆฆ‚ๅฟตใงใ™ ใ€‚
50:25
For work.
818
3025650
1179
ไฝœๆฅญ็”จใ€‚
50:26
But as a concept, we talk about it more in terms of employment rate, employment level.
819
3026829
7701
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆฆ‚ๅฟตใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ้›‡็”จ็Ž‡ใ‚„้›‡็”จๆฐดๆบ–ใจใ„ใ†่ฆณ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰่ชžใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
50:34
So you'll see employment used in a lot of statistics.
820
3034530
4110
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅคšใใฎ็ตฑ่จˆใง้›‡็”จใŒไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
50:38
For example, they might say right now employment levels are at an all time low, so employment
821
3038640
8860
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€็พๅœจใ€้›‡็”จๆฐดๆบ–ใŒๅฒไธŠๆœ€ไฝŽใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้›‡็”จ
50:47
levels, that's simply the number of people employed.
822
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5440
ๆฐดๆบ–ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใซ ้›‡็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใฎๆ•ฐใงใ™ใ€‚
50:52
Now also they talk about unemployment, unemployment, unemployment of course are the people that
823
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ไปŠใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅคฑๆฅญใ€ๅคฑๆฅญใ€ๅคฑๆฅญใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€
51:00
are not employed are not working for money, right.
824
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5441
้›‡็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ไบบใฏใŠ้‡‘ใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚
51:05
So you might say the unemployment rate in my city is really high, so the number of people
825
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็งใฎ่ก—ใฎๅคฑๆฅญ็Ž‡ใฏ้žๅธธใซ้ซ˜ใใ€่ทใซๅฐฑใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ไบบใฎๆ•ฐใŒๅคšใ„ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
51:12
who are not employed.
826
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ใ€‚
51:15
So now you know how to use employ, employee, employer and employment.
827
3075770
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€employeeใ€employeeใ€employeeใ€้›‡็”จใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
51:21
So definitely it's your turn to practice.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
51:24
Try writing four sentences, leave them in a the comments below and then feel free to
829
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4 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ€ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใฎๅพŒใ€่‡ช็”ฑใซ
51:30
leave a fifth bonus sentence and see how many you can use in one sentence because they all
830
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7399
5 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใƒœใƒผใƒŠใ‚นๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใ€ใ™ในใฆใŒไบ’ใ„ใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใŸใ‚ใ€1 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใงใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
51:37
relate together.
831
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1991
ใ€‚
51:39
So you might need to watch this video again.
832
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3549
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
51:43
Are you ready for your quiz?
833
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1881
ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
51:45
Here are are the questions.
834
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ใ“ใ“ใซ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
51:46
Hit pawns.
835
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1450
ใƒใƒผใƒณใ‚’ๆ‰“ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
51:47
Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
836
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14290
ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ€ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
52:02
How did you do with that quiz?
837
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1450
ใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎ
52:03
Make sure you share your score in the comments below and let's continue on to the next group.
838
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6310
ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ€ ๆฌกใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
52:09
You're doing so awesome.
839
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1550
ใจใฆใ‚‚็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚
52:11
Our final pair is the difference between income and revenue.
840
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6480
ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใƒšใ‚ขใฏใ€ๅŽๅ…ฅ ใจๅŽๅ…ฅใฎๅทฎใงใ™ใ€‚
52:18
First of all, you only need to know this if you own a business or if you're interested
841
3138000
6880
ใพใš็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใ‚’็ตŒๅ–ถใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใพใŸใฏใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฎใฟใงใ™
52:24
in business topics.
842
3144880
1330
ใ€‚
52:26
Because if you're an individual who?
843
3146210
2500
ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ€‹ไบบใชใ‚‰่ชฐใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
52:28
Works.
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1000
ๅ‹•ไฝœใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
52:29
For a company, if you're an employee, you're employed by a company.
845
3149710
4500
ไผๆฅญใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€็คพๅ“กใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐ ไผš็คพใซ้›‡็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
52:34
All you need to be concerned about is income.
846
3154210
2879
ๆฐ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅŽๅ…ฅใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
52:37
Revenue does not apply to you.
847
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2611
ๅŽๅ…ฅใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
52:39
OK, but you might be interested to know about the revenue that your company generates.
848
3159700
6369
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ไผš็คพใŒ็”Ÿใฟๅ‡บใ™ๅŽ็›Šใซใคใ„ใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
52:46
But an individual does not generate revenue.
849
3166069
2841
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ€‹ไบบใŒๅŽๅ…ฅใ‚’็”Ÿใฟๅ‡บใ™ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
52:48
A company generates revenue.
850
3168910
3679
ไผๆฅญใฏๅŽ็›Šใ‚’็”Ÿใฟๅ‡บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
52:52
So just keep that.
851
3172589
1000
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใใฎใพใพใซใ—ใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
52:53
Come on.
852
3173589
1000
ๆฅใฆใ€‚
52:54
So for an individual, let's say you work for a company and you're just concerned about
853
3174589
5041
ๅ€‹ไบบใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไผš็คพใซๅ‹คใ‚ใฆใ„ใฆใ€
52:59
the money in your pocket.
854
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2179
่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใƒใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใŠ้‡‘ใ ใ‘ใ‚’ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
53:01
As an employee, what is income?
855
3181809
4011
ไผš็คพๅ“กใจใ—ใฆใฎๅŽๅ…ฅใฏใ„ใใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
53:05
Income is how much money you make from all.
856
3185820
4230
ๅŽๅ…ฅใจใฏใ€ๅ…จไฝ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็จผใใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
53:10
Sources.
857
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1350
ๆƒ…ๅ ฑๆบใ€‚
53:11
All sources.
858
3191400
1000
ใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚นใ€‚
53:12
OK, So what does that mean, all sources?
859
3192400
2820
OKใ€ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑๆบใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹?
53:15
Well, let's say that you are a full time employee.
860
3195220
3619
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใƒ•ใƒซใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ ใฎๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใ ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
53:18
OK, And let's say you have a salary and you make $75,000 a year.
861
3198839
6621
OKใ€ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซ็ตฆๆ–™ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅนดๅŽใŒ 75,000 ใƒ‰ใƒซใ ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
53:25
But in addition to your full time employment, you're also an artist and you like to paint
862
3205460
8310
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ•ใƒซใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใซๅŠ ใˆใฆ ใ‚ขใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚นใƒˆใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไฝ™ๆš‡ใซใฏ็ตตใ‚’ๆใใ“ใจใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™
53:33
in your spare time.
863
3213770
2250
ใ€‚
53:36
But twice a year you go to art shows on weekends and you sell your art.
864
3216020
6849
ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅนดใซ2ๅ›žใ€้€ฑๆœซใซใ‚ขใƒผใƒˆใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚ขใƒผใƒˆใ‚’่ฒฉๅฃฒใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ตตใ‚’ๆใใฎใŒๅฅฝใใ 
53:42
You don't consider this a job because you love painting.
865
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3371
ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไป•ไบ‹ใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
53:46
It's just a hobby of yours.
866
3226240
2230
ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ˜ใชใ‚‹่ถฃๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
53:48
But your paintings are really wonderful and people want to buy them.
867
3228470
4490
ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ตตใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ€ ไบบใ€…ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใŸใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
53:52
So you go to these art shows and you sell your paintings twice a year, and from those
868
3232960
6310
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ขใƒผใƒˆ ใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็ตต็”ปใ‚’ๅนดใซ 2 ๅ›ž่ฒฉๅฃฒใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ
53:59
art shows you make $20,000 from your art.
869
3239270
5690
ใ‚ขใƒผใƒˆ ใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ขใƒผใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰ 20,000 ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’็จผใใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
54:04
So your.
870
3244960
1000
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ€‚
54:05
Income is not just the money you get from your employer.
871
3245960
5050
ๅŽๅ…ฅใจใฏ้›‡็”จไธปใ‹ใ‚‰ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŠ้‡‘ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
54:11
Your income is all sources of money that you receive, so of course your employer is probably
872
3251010
6070
ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅŽๅ…ฅใฏใ™ในใฆใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใŠ้‡‘ใฎๆบใชใฎใง ใ€ๅฝ“็„ถใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้›‡็”จไธปใŒใŠใใ‚‰ใ
54:17
going to be the most important income source I imagine.
873
3257080
3870
ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชๅŽๅ…ฅๆบใซใชใ‚‹ใจ ็งใฏๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
54:20
But if you have any sort of hobbies that you generate money from, even if you have a garage
874
3260950
6369
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็”Ÿใ‚€ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎ่ถฃๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐ ใ€ใŸใจใˆใ‚ฌใƒฌใƒผใ‚ธ
54:27
sale and you make $1000, technically that's still your income.
875
3267319
6231
ใ‚ปใƒผใƒซใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆ1000ใƒ‰ใƒซ็จผใ„ใ ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅŽณๅฏ†ใซ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ไพ็„ถใจใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅŽๅ…ฅใงใ™ใ€‚
54:33
You sell a bike and you make 100 bucks.
876
3273550
3049
่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใ‚’ๅฃฒใ‚‹ใจ100ใƒ‰ใƒซๅ„ฒใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
54:36
You would include that in your total income.
877
3276599
2270
ใใ‚Œใ‚’็ทๅŽๅ…ฅใซๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
54:38
So your total income is the money you make from all sources.
878
3278869
4921
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ทๅŽๅ…ฅใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ๅพ—ใŸใŠ้‡‘ใงใ™ ใ€‚
54:43
Now let's go back to the concept of revenue versus income.
879
3283790
3880
ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ๅŽ็›ŠใจๅŽๅ…ฅใฎๆฆ‚ๅฟตใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
54:47
But remember, this is something that only applies to businesses, small businesses, large
880
3287670
5699
ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ไผๆฅญใ€ไธญๅฐไผๆฅญใ€ๅคงไผๆฅญใซใฎใฟ้ฉ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
54:53
businesses.
881
3293369
1000
ใ€‚
54:54
It doesn't matter any type of business.
882
3294369
2621
ๆฅญ็จฎใฏๅ•ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
54:56
So in a business, revenue is the money generated from all sales.
883
3296990
6520
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใงใฏใ€ๅŽ็›Šใฏ ใ™ในใฆใฎๅฃฒไธŠใ‹ใ‚‰ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŠ้‡‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
55:03
So let's say a company has five different products and each of those products generates
884
3303510
7010
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ไผๆฅญใŒ 5 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹่ฃฝๅ“ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใŠใ‚Š ใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎ่ฃฝๅ“ใŒใ„ใใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๅŽ็›Šใ‚’็”Ÿใฟๅ‡บใ—ใŸใจใ—ใพใ™
55:10
some money.
885
3310520
1230
ใ€‚
55:11
And then you Add all of those together and that company generates $25 million that year.
886
3311750
7260
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๅˆ่จˆใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใใฎไผš็คพใฏใใฎๅนดใซ 2,500 ไธ‡ใƒ‰ใƒซใฎๅŽ็›Šใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
55:19
That's the revenue, the money generated from all sales.
887
3319010
5039
ใใ‚ŒใŒๅŽ็›Šใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ™ในใฆใฎๅฃฒไธŠใ‹ใ‚‰ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŠ้‡‘ใงใ™ ใ€‚
55:24
Now what's income in a company?
888
3324049
3731
ใ•ใฆใ€ไผš็คพใฎๅŽๅ…ฅใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
55:27
Income is the revenue, which we just learned, the revenue minus the expenses.
889
3327780
8059
ๅŽๅ…ฅใจใฏๅ…ˆใปใฉๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใŸๅŽ็›Šใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๅŽ็›Šใ‹ใ‚‰็ตŒ่ฒปใ‚’ๅทฎใ—ๅผ•ใ„ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
55:35
That leaves you with the income.
890
3335839
2980
ใใ†ใ™ใ‚ŒใฐๅŽๅ…ฅใŒๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
55:38
So let's say you generate that $25 million, but to do that you needed to spend $10 million
891
3338819
7901
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€2,500 ไธ‡ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’็”Ÿใฟๅ‡บใ—ใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใฎใŸใ‚ใซใฏๅบƒๅ‘Šใซ 1,000 ไธ‡ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
55:46
in advertisement.
892
3346720
1960
ใ€‚
55:48
So your revenue is $25 million, but your income is your revenue minus your expenses.
893
3348680
8600
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅŽ็›Šใฏ 2,500 ไธ‡ใƒ‰ใƒซใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅŽๅ…ฅใฏ ๅŽ็›Šใ‹ใ‚‰็ตŒ่ฒปใ‚’ๅทฎใ—ๅผ•ใ„ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
55:57
So your income is $15 million.
894
3357280
4100
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅŽๅ…ฅใฏ1500ไธ‡ใƒ‰ใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฟตใฎ
56:01
Now just in case you're wondering, that is also referred to as net profit.
895
3361380
5020
ใŸใ‚ใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใŠใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ็ด”ๅˆฉ็›Šใจใ‚‚ๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
56:06
That's just a little bonus expression for you.
896
3366400
3760
ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใธใฎใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸใŠใพใ‘่กจ็พใงใ™ ใ€‚
56:10
So there you have it.
897
3370160
1550
ใ“ใ‚ŒใงๅฎŒไบ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
56:11
That's the difference between revenue and income.
898
3371710
3149
ใใ‚ŒใŒๅŽๅ…ฅใจ ๅŽๅ…ฅใฎ้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
56:14
So now it's your return to practice.
899
3374859
1430
ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎ
56:16
Why don't you leave 2 examples in the comments below, 1 using revenue and one using income?
900
3376289
6540
ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ 2 ใคใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใฟใฆใฏใ„ใ‹ใŒใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ใ€‚1 ใคใฏๅŽ็›Šใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฏๅŽ็›Šใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
56:22
Are you ready for your quiz?
901
3382829
1881
ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
56:24
Here are the questions.
902
3384710
1250
่ณชๅ•ใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
56:25
Hit pause.
903
3385960
1450
ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
56:27
Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
904
3387410
8660
ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ€ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
56:36
1st, let's talk about the difference between sympathy and empathy.
905
3396070
11630
ใพใšใ€ๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใจๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใฎ้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
56:47
So let's give a scenario.
906
3407700
1520
ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ‚ทใƒŠใƒชใ‚ชใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
56:49
Let's imagine that your friend Ted.
907
3409220
2010
ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใฎใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
56:51
Just.
908
3411230
1000
ใŸใ ใ€‚
56:52
Lost his.
909
3412230
1080
ๅฝผใ‚’ๅคฑใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
56:53
Job.
910
3413310
1000
ไป•ไบ‹ใ€‚
56:54
So this could be a situation, a negative situation where you want to give some sympathy or some
911
3414310
6700
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๅŒๆƒ…ใ‚„ๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸใ„็Šถๆณใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช็Šถๆณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
57:01
empathy.
912
3421010
1800
ใ€‚
57:02
So if you want to give.
913
3422810
1880
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไธŽใˆใŸใ„ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
57:04
Ted.
914
3424690
1000
ใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใ€‚
57:05
Sympathy.
915
3425690
1000
ๅŒๆƒ…ใ€‚
57:06
You're going to say something like, oh, I'm sorry to hear that.
916
3426690
3800
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
57:10
Oh.
917
3430490
1000
ใŠใŠใ€‚
57:11
That's too bad.
918
3431490
1000
ใใ‚Œใฏๆฎ‹ๅฟตใงใ™ใ€‚
57:12
That really sucks.
919
3432490
2970
ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆœ€ๆ‚ชใงใ™ใ€‚
57:15
So you're going to say those?
920
3435460
1909
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
57:17
Words.
921
3437369
1000
่จ€่‘‰ใ€‚
57:18
To Ted.
922
3438369
1190
ใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใธใ€‚
57:19
But then you're going to go on with the rest of your day.
923
3439559
4711
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใฎๅพŒใฏๆฎ‹ใ‚Š ใฎไธ€ๆ—ฅใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
57:24
You're going to be happy, you're going to have fun, you're going to do whatever.
924
3444270
3690
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅนธใ›ใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚€ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
57:27
And you're not really going to think about Ted and his situation anymore.
925
3447960
5320
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใ‚‚ใ†ใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใจๅฝผใฎ็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆ็œŸๅ‰ฃใซ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
57:33
Because sympathy is at the surface level.
926
3453280
3210
ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใฏ่กจ้ข็š„ใชใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
57:36
Okay.
927
3456490
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
57:37
A situation happens to a friend, a colleague, a Co worker, a family member, someone you
928
3457490
6240
ๅ‹ไบบใ€ๅŒๅƒšใ€ ๅŒๅƒšใ€ๅฎถๆ—ใ€็Ÿฅไบบใชใฉใซ็ŠถๆณใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™
57:43
know.
929
3463730
1000
ใ€‚
57:44
And then you just use your words to offer some words of support, words of comfort.
930
3464730
5490
ใใ—ใฆใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€ ใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚„ๆ…ฐใ‚ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
57:50
And then you go on with your day.
931
3470220
2760
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไธ€ๆ—ฅใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
57:52
What is empathy, though?
932
3472980
3119
ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
57:56
Empathy is deeper.
933
3476099
1871
ๅ…ฑๆ„ŸใŒใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆทฑใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
57:57
Empathy is about emotion.
934
3477970
2820
ๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใจใฏๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
58:00
Empathy isn't really about words.
935
3480790
3940
ๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ่จ€่‘‰ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
58:04
Empathy is about trying to understand the emotion that Ted is feeling.
936
3484730
7540
ๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใจใฏใ€ ใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใŒๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
58:12
So trying to either imagine what Ted must be feeling right now because he just lost
937
3492270
6809
ใใ“ใงใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ ๅคฑใฃใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใฎใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใŒไปŠไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใŸ
58:19
his job.
938
3499079
1000
ใ€‚
58:20
The stress he must be feeling, the insecurity, the frustration, the anger, the lack of confidence.
939
3500079
9001
ๅฝผใŒๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ‚ใ‚ใ†ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ€ไธๅฎ‰ใ€ ใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ๆ€’ใ‚Šใ€่‡ชไฟกใฎใชใ•ใ€‚
58:29
Whatever emotions that Ted's feeling, you want to understand them, but you want to almost
940
3509080
6360
ใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใŒใฉใ‚“ใชๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
58:35
take those emotions on and you.
941
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ใใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ใปใจใ‚“ใฉ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚‚ๅผ•ใๅ—ใ‘ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
58:38
Feel.
942
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ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ€‚
58:39
Those emotions.
943
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ€‚
58:40
So even though Ted lost his job, you feel the pain of Ted losing his job.
944
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใŸใจใˆใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใŒ่ทใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใŒ่ทใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใŸใ“ใจใฎ็—›ใฟใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
58:49
And by doing that, you're able to offer more comfort and more support to Ted because you
945
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใŒไปŠใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฟƒใ‹ใ‚‰็†่งฃใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใซใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆ…ฐใ‚ใจใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใใฎ
58:57
truly want to understand what it feels like now, Because of that, empathy is really not
946
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ…ฑๆ„ŸใจใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ
59:06
about words.
947
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่จ€่‘‰ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
59:08
Empathy is about emotion.
948
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ๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใจใฏๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
59:11
So how could you show Ted that you have empathy for his situation?
949
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ใงใฏใ€ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใฎ็Šถๆณใซๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ?
59:18
Well, you might sit beside Ted on the couch and just put your arm around him or give him
950
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใฎ้šฃใฎใ‚ฝใƒ•ใ‚กใซๅบงใฃใฆใ€ ่…•ใ‚’ๅ›žใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใƒใ‚ฐใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
59:26
a hug.
951
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ใ€‚
59:27
Or maybe you show your emotion by even having some tears in your eyes as Ted is telling
952
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ ใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใŒ
59:35
you about how he lost his job and how he's not sure how he's going to pay his mortgage.
953
3575119
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่ทใ‚’ๅคฑใ„ใ€ ไฝๅฎ…ใƒญใƒผใƒณใ‚’ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใฃใฆใ„ใใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€็›ฎใซๆถ™ใ‚’ๆตฎใ‹ในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
59:41
You, you don't say anything, but you show Ted that you understand what he's going through
954
3581190
7000
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚่จ€ใ‚ใšใ€็›ฎใซ
59:48
because you might have some visible tears in your eyes, or you put your hand on his
955
3588190
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่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ๆถ™ใ‚’ๆตฎใ‹ในใŸใ‚Š ใ€ๅฝผใฎ่‚ฉใ‚„่†ใซๆ‰‹ใ‚’็ฝฎใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใŸใ 
59:54
shoulder, on his knee, or you just sit there silently and allow the emotion to be present.
956
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้ป™ใฃใฆใใ“ใซๅบงใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ๅฝผใŒไฝ•ใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใซ็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใŒๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จฑใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
60:03
That's empathy.
957
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใงใ™ใ€‚
60:04
Empathy is at a much deeper level.
958
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2940
ๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใฏใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆทฑใ„ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
60:07
And then when you leave, so you say goodbye to Ted Okay and then you go home.
959
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5460
ใใ—ใฆๅธฐใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ ใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใซๅˆฅใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ‘Šใ’ใฆใ€ๅฎถใซๅธฐใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
60:12
And even though Ted is in his home and you're in your home, you still feel it.
960
3612940
5800
ใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใŒๅฝผใฎๅฎถใซใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ๅฎถใซใ„ใ‚‹ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใš ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใพใ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
60:18
You still feel the emotion.
961
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2359
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใพใ ใใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
60:21
You're still a little bit sad yourself.
962
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ใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใ‚‚ใพใ ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
60:24
That's empathy.
963
3624890
1130
ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใงใ™ใ€‚
60:26
It's way deeper of an emotion.
964
3626020
2920
ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจๆทฑใ„ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใงใ™ใ€‚
60:28
So to summarize, sympathy is about offering words of comfort.
965
3628940
4770
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅŒๆƒ…ใจใฏ ๆ…ฐใ‚ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
60:33
But.
966
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€‚
60:34
But it's.
967
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1000
ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€‚
60:35
Step one, offering the words of comfort.
968
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ— 1 ใฏใ€ๆ…ฐใ‚ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
60:38
And then you offer those words of comfort.
969
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1870
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ…ฐใ‚ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
60:40
And then you just go about your day, go about your life as normal.
970
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5950
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŸใ ไธ€ๆ—ฅใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใ€ ้€šๅธธ้€šใ‚Šใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใ‚’้€ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
60:46
Empathy is about taking it further, and it's no longer about words.
971
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ๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใจใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ้€ฒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚‚ใฏใ‚„่จ€่‘‰ใฎๅ•้กŒใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
60:51
It's about emotions.
972
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1599
ใใ‚Œใฏๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
60:52
And it's trying to understand what someone is feeling or the situation that they're going
973
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6040
ใใ—ใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใใฎไบบใŒ
60:58
through at a deeper level so you can offer support to that person.
974
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็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็Šถๆณใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆทฑใ„ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใง็†่งฃใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ใใฎไบบใซใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆไพ›ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
61:04
So that's the difference between sympathy and empathy.
975
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿ ใจๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใฎ้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
61:08
As these are more concepts, we don't really use them in sentences.
976
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆฆ‚ๅฟตใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ ๆ–‡ใฎไธญใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
61:14
So I know I usually ask you to practice in the practice in the comments below.
977
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใง็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
61:20
However.
978
3680300
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸ
61:21
You might not really be able to practice sentences using these words.
979
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4471
ๆ–‡็ซ ใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใงใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
61:25
So because of that, maybe you can just talk about a scenario where you might want to offer
980
3685810
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซๅŒๆƒ…ใ‚’ ๆไพ›ใ—ใŸใ„ใ‚ทใƒŠใƒชใ‚ชใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใ€
61:31
someone's sympathy, and then a scenario where you want to offer someone empathy.
981
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ๆฌกใซ ่ชฐใ‹ใซๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใŸใ„ใ‚ทใƒŠใƒชใ‚ชใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
61:35
Or you can think back to a time in your life where you did offer someone's sympathy and
982
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4790
ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ไบบ็”Ÿใง ่ชฐใ‹ใซๅŒๆƒ…ใ‚’็คบใ—ใ€
61:40
then someone empathy.
983
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ใใฎๅพŒ่ชฐใ‹ใซๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใ‚’็คบใ—ใŸใจใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆŒฏใ‚Š่ฟ”ใฃใฆใฟใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
61:41
So maybe you can just talk about those scenarios more to practice using these expressions.
984
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ทใƒŠใƒชใ‚ชใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่กจ็พใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
61:47
Amazing job.
985
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ€‚ ๅ…ˆ
61:48
Let's move on and look at the difference between relate to and related to.
986
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ใซ้€ฒใ‚“ใงใ€ใ€Œ ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ€Œ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
61:54
So first, let's talk about how to use to relate to something.
987
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใพใšใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
62:00
When you relate to something, it means you understand a situation or you understand someone's
988
3720079
8510
ไฝ•ใ‹ใซ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ็Šถๆณใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
62:08
feelings.
989
3728589
1270
ใ€‚
62:09
And the reason why you understand that situation or someone's feelings is because you've had
990
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6420
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎ็Šถๆณ ใ‚„ไบบใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€
62:16
a similar experience.
991
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2181
ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใช็ตŒ้จ“ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
62:18
You've experienced it yourself and because of that you understand the situation or how
992
3738460
7609
ใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ็Šถๆณใ‚„
62:26
someone feels.
993
3746069
1491
่ชฐใ‹ใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
62:27
So let's say your coworker comes up to you and says, oh, this project is really stressing
994
3747560
5360
ใใ“ใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅŒๅƒšใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใซใ‚„ใฃใฆๆฅใฆใ€ใ€Œ ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ™
62:32
me out.
995
3752920
1510
ใ€‚
62:34
Now imagine that in the past you were on that exact same project and you experienced stress
996
3754430
9099
ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้ŽๅŽปใซใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใจใใซ ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใŸใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
62:43
when you were on that project.
997
3763529
2991
ใ€‚
62:46
You've had the same experience.
998
3766520
2309
ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
62:48
Because of that, you can just say, I can relate to that, I can relate to that.
999
3768829
7591
ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใใ‚Œใซๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใงใใ‚‹ ใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใซๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
62:56
And what is the that?
1000
3776420
1540
ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
62:57
Well, the that is feeling stressed out on the project.
1001
3777960
5599
ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใซใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
63:03
You've experienced the exact same feelings that your coworker is experiencing now, and
1002
3783559
7902
ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ใ€ๅŒๅƒšใŒ็พๅœจ็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใจใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
63:11
because you can relate to that, you can probably have a different conversation.
1003
3791461
6049
ใใ‚Œใซๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ ๅˆฅใฎไผš่ฉฑใŒใงใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
63:17
You can have a more in depth conversation or maybe you can share some tips and advice
1004
3797510
5599
ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆทฑใ„ไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅŒใ˜็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ“ใใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚„ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
63:23
because you've had that same experience.
1005
3803109
2930
ใ€‚
63:26
Here's a great example I saw on you, Glitch.
1006
3806039
3141
ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆ‹ใŸ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€ใ‚ฐใƒชใƒƒใƒใ€‚
63:29
We can all relate.
1007
3809180
1070
็งใŸใกใฏ็š†ๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
63:30
To.
1008
3810250
1000
ใซใ€‚
63:31
Having doubt or feeling insecure about certain things right?
1009
3811250
5270
ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ็–‘ๅ•ใ‚„ไธๅฎ‰ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
63:36
And you agree with that, right?
1010
3816520
1900
ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ใใ‚ŒใซๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
63:38
You can relate to having doubt.
1011
3818420
2300
ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚็–‘ๅ•ใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใซๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
63:40
You.
1012
3820720
1000
ใ‚ใชใŸใ€‚
63:41
Can relate to feeling insecure if I ask you can.
1013
3821720
4670
็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใจใ€ไธๅฎ‰ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
63:46
You.
1014
3826390
1000
ใ‚ใชใŸใ€‚
63:47
Relate to that I'm asking you.
1015
3827390
3219
ใใ‚Œใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๅฐ‹ใญใพใ™ใ€‚
63:50
Have you?
1016
3830609
1000
ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
63:51
Ever experienced that in your life?
1017
3831609
2881
ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไบบ็”Ÿใงใใ‚Œใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
63:54
And if you've never experienced doubt and you've never experienced insecurity, well,
1018
3834490
5690
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็–‘ใ„ใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใใ€ ไธๅฎ‰ใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใชใ‚‰ใ€
64:00
then you're not human, right?
1019
3840180
2650
ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒไบบ้–“ใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
64:02
Because we've all experienced it, right?
1020
3842830
4180
ใ ใฃใฆใ€่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
64:07
Of course we have.
1021
3847010
1000
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
64:08
It's a human emotion.
1022
3848010
1000
ใใ‚Œใฏไบบ้–“ใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใงใ™ใ€‚
64:09
We experience all emotions, negative and positive.
1023
3849010
3980
็งใŸใกใฏใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ๅซใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿโ€‹โ€‹ๆƒ…ใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
64:12
Now, why might you say something like this?
1024
3852990
3480
ใ•ใฆใ€ใชใœใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใŒ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
64:16
Well, likely because you want to connect to whoever you're talking to.
1025
3856470
4690
ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็›ธๆ‰‹ใจใคใชใŒใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
64:21
If a student is coming to me and telling me how insecure they feel about using their English
1026
3861160
8389
ๅญฆ็”ŸใŒ็งใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใซๆฅใฆใ€ไบบๅ‰ใง ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใฉใ‚Œใปใฉไธๅฎ‰ใ‹ใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰
64:29
in public, I can let them know that I can relate to that.
1027
3869549
5661
ใ€็งใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใซๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
64:35
And if the student feels like, oh, Jennifer has experienced this as well.
1028
3875210
4960
ใใ—ใฆใ€็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ‚‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚
64:40
Then they might.
1029
3880170
1159
ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
64:41
Be more open to hearing the advice I have to share, or they might just feel closer to
1030
3881329
7161
็งใŒๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚ชใƒผใƒ—ใƒณใซ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใใ†ใ—ใชใ„ ใจใ€็งใŸใกใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็งใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ฟ‘ใใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚ŠใคใชใŒใ‚Šใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
64:48
me, more connected to me because we've had that same experience.
1031
3888490
5070
ใ€‚
64:53
So that's how we feel connected to each other.
1032
3893560
2269
ใใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ็งใŸใกใฏใŠไบ’ใ„ใซใคใชใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚
64:55
It's through shared experiences, right?
1033
3895829
2721
ใใ‚Œใฏๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
64:58
So it's really powerful to try to relate to somebody's experience or to let them know
1034
3898550
6680
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใซๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒไปŠๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚„็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้žๅธธใซๅผทๅŠ›ใงใ™
65:05
that you can relate to what they're feeling or what they're experiencing right now.
1035
3905230
6490
ใ€‚
65:11
Now notice in our Youglish example, what do you notice about the verb we have relate to?
1036
3911720
8490
Youglish ใฎไพ‹ใงใ€ ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
65:20
And then what do you notice relate to, relate to having, and notice it's also relate to
1037
3920210
8520
ใใ—ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใŒ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ ๆŒใคใ“ใจใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŒๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใซใ‚‚้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ™ใ‹
65:28
feeling.
1038
3928730
2320
ใ€‚
65:31
Both of our verbs are in the gerund.
1039
3931050
2700
็งใŸใกใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใŸใ„
65:33
This is a gerund expression when you want to use a verb next.
1040
3933750
4840
ๆ™‚ใฎๅ‹•ๅ่ฉž่กจ็พใงใ™ ใ€‚
65:38
I can relate to feeling, having, wanting, missing, needing, whatever verb.
1041
3938590
10080
็งใฏใ€ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ๆŒใคใ“ใจใ€ๆœ›ใ‚€ใ“ใจใ€ ๆฌ ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ใฉใ‚“ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใซใ‚‚ๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
65:48
Your.
1042
3948670
1000
ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ€‚
65:49
Have next is going to be in the gerund, so make sure you pay attention to that when you're
1043
3949670
4390
Have next ใฏๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ ใจใใซๅฟ…ใšๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
65:54
forming your sentences.
1044
3954060
1940
ใ€‚
65:56
Now let's talk about to be related.
1045
3956000
3150
ใ•ใฆใ€้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
65:59
To.
1046
3959150
1260
ใซใ€‚
66:00
Someone, When you are related to someone, it means that they are a family member.
1047
3960410
7240
่ชฐใ‹ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใจ้–ขไฟ‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใใฎไบบ ใŒๅฎถๆ—ใฎไธ€ๅ“กใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
66:07
They're part of your family.
1048
3967650
1350
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฎถๆ—ใฎไธ€ๅ“กใงใ™ใ€‚
66:09
You share the same.
1049
3969000
1530
ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
66:10
Blood genes, DNA.
1050
3970530
2490
่ก€ๆถฒ้บไผๅญใ€DNAใ€‚
66:13
You come.
1051
3973020
1000
ๆฅใฆใญใ€‚
66:14
From the same family, even if it's a great, great, great, great, great aunt or uncle,
1052
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6250
ใŸใจใˆใใ‚ŒใŒๅ‰ๅคงใชใ€ ๅ‰ๅคงใชใ€ๅ‰ๅคงใชใ€ๅ‰ๅคงใชใ€ๅ‰ๅคงใชๅ”ๆฏใ‚„ๅ”็ˆถใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€
66:20
even if it's a very distant family member, you're.
1053
3980270
3450
ใŸใจใˆใใ‚ŒใŒ้žๅธธใซ้ ใ„ๅฎถๆ—ใฎไธ€ๅ“กใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅŒใ˜ๅฎถๆ—ใฎๅ‡บ่บซใงใ™ใ€‚
66:23
Still.
1054
3983720
1000
ใพใ ใ€‚
66:24
Related.
1055
3984720
1000
้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
66:25
To.
1056
3985720
1000
ใซใ€‚
66:26
Them to.
1057
3986720
1000
ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใธใ€‚
66:27
Be related to someone.
1058
3987720
3149
่ชฐใ‹ใจ้–ขใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚
66:30
So let's say your friend invites you to their family reunion.
1059
3990869
5391
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅ‹ไบบใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅฎถๆ—ใฎ้›†ใพใ‚Šใซๆ‹›ๅพ…ใ—ใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
66:36
And at a family reunion, everybody is going to be related, right?
1060
3996260
6680
ใใ—ใฆๅฎถๆ—ใฎ้›†ใพใ‚Šใงใฏใ€ๅ…จๅ“กใŒ ่ฆชๆˆšใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†?
66:42
Well, not everybody.
1061
4002940
1810
ใพใ‚ใ€ๅ…จๅ“กใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
66:44
Because of course other people could bring friends or people they're just dating, for
1062
4004750
5350
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใŒ ๅ‹้”ใ‚„ไป˜ใๅˆใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใฎไบบใ‚’้€ฃใ‚Œใฆใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
66:50
example.
1063
4010100
1000
ใ€‚
66:51
They're not related to them.
1064
4011100
2100
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใจใฏ้–ขไฟ‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
66:53
That's a very important point.
1065
4013200
1990
ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใช็‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
66:55
You're not related to your spouse, the person you're married to, because that would mean
1066
4015190
6600
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้…ๅถ่€…ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š็ตๅฉš็›ธๆ‰‹ใจใฏ่ก€็ธ้–ขไฟ‚ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏใ€
67:01
you share the same DNA and genes and blood.
1067
4021790
3320
ๅŒใ˜ DNAใ€้บไผๅญใ€่ก€ใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
67:05
And that's just a little creepy, right?
1068
4025110
2280
ใใ‚Œใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใจไธๆฐ—ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
67:07
No, you're not related to your spouse.
1069
4027390
3130
ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้…ๅถ่€…ใจใฏ่ก€็ธ้–ขไฟ‚ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
67:10
You're married to them.
1070
4030520
1370
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใจ็ตๅฉšใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
67:11
You're part of their family, but you're not relatives.
1071
4031890
3530
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๅฎถๆ—ใฎไธ€ๅ“กใงใ™ใŒใ€ ่ฆชๆˆšใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
67:15
You're not blood relatives, right?
1072
4035420
3020
่ก€ใฎใคใชใŒใฃใŸ่ฆชๆˆšใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
67:18
You're related to your mother, father, brother, sister and uncle, grandmother, grandfather
1073
4038440
9070
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ๆฏ่ฆชใ€็ˆถ่ฆชใ€ๅ…„ๅผŸใ€ ๅง‰ๅฆนใ€ๅ”็ˆถใ€็ฅ–ๆฏใ€็ฅ–็ˆถ
67:27
and cousins, and then the second, the third, the extended family as well, down the family
1074
4047510
6910
ใ€ใ„ใจใ“ใ€ใใ—ใฆๅฎถ็ณปๅ›ณใ‚’่พฟใ‚‹ใจไบŒ็•ช็›ฎใ€ไธ‰็•ช็›ฎใ€ ๅคงๅฎถๆ—ใจ่ฆชๆˆš้–ขไฟ‚ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
67:34
tree.
1075
4054420
1000
ใ€‚
67:35
But you're not related.
1076
4055420
1530
ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้–ขไฟ‚่€…ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
67:36
To.
1077
4056950
1129
ใซใ€‚
67:38
The person you're married to.
1078
4058079
2450
ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ตๅฉšใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ€‚
67:40
You're at the family reunion with your friend.
1079
4060529
2840
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ‹ไบบใจๅฎถๆ—ใฎ้›†ใพใ‚Šใซๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
67:43
And as you're meeting new people, of course you're going to ask your friend, oh, how are
1080
4063369
5930
ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ไบบใซไผšใ†ใจใใ€ๅฝ“็„ถใ€ ๅ‹ไบบใซใ€Œ
67:49
you related to that person?
1081
4069299
2221
ใ‚ใฎไบบใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†้–ขไฟ‚ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
67:51
How are you related to Frank?
1082
4071520
1500
ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฏใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†้–ขไฟ‚ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
67:53
Oh, he's my second cousin.
1083
4073020
2170
ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใฏ็งใฎใพใŸใ„ใจใ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
67:55
How are you related to Mary?
1084
4075190
1520
ใƒกใ‚ขใƒชใƒผใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†้–ขไฟ‚ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
67:56
Oh, she's my aunt.
1085
4076710
2200
ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใฎๅ”ๆฏใงใ™ใ€‚
67:58
How are you related to Jim?
1086
4078910
1199
ใ‚ธใƒ ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†้–ขไฟ‚ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
68:00
Oh, actually, I'm not related to him.
1087
4080109
2461
ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅฎŸใฏ็งใฏๅฝผใจใฏ่ฆชๆˆšใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
68:02
He's married to my aunt.
1088
4082570
2650
ๅฝผใฏ็งใฎๅ”ๆฏใจ็ตๅฉšใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
68:05
Because you're not related to your aunt's husband, right?
1089
4085220
7920
ใ ใฃใฆใ€ๅ”ๆฏใ•ใ‚“ใฎๅคซใจใฏ่ก€็ธ้–ขไฟ‚ใซใชใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ
68:13
Because you're not in the same bloodline, the same DNA, the same genes as your aunt's
1090
4093140
6840
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ”ๆฏใฎๅคซใจๅŒใ˜่ก€็ตฑใ€ ๅŒใ˜DNAใ€ๅŒใ˜้บไผๅญใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
68:19
husband.
1091
4099980
1000
ใ€‚
68:20
Yes, the husband is part of your family, but you're not directly related.
1092
4100980
6089
ใฏใ„ใ€ใ”ไธปไบบใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฎถๆ—ใฎไธ€ๅ“กใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏ็›ดๆŽฅใฎ่ก€็ธ้–ขไฟ‚ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
68:27
To.
1093
4107069
1000
ใซใ€‚
68:28
Them.
1094
4108069
1000
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€‚
68:29
Okay.
1095
4109069
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
68:30
So there is a difference between someone in your family and then being related to someone.
1096
4110069
7401
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ๅฎถๆ—ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใจ่ฆชๆˆšใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใฏ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
68:37
So as you can see there's a big difference between when you relate to something or you
1097
4117470
6090
ใ”่ฆงใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใจใ€
68:43
relate to someones feelings.
1098
4123560
2500
่ชฐใ‹ใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใซๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฎ้–“ใซใฏๅคงใใช้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
68:46
And you?
1099
4126060
1000
ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚๏ผŸ
68:47
Are.
1100
4127060
1000
ใฏใ€‚
68:48
Related to someone, so there's that difference in sentence.
1101
4128060
4230
่ชฐใ‹ใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆ–‡ใซใใฎ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
68:52
Structure.
1102
4132290
1000
ๆง‹้€ ใ€‚
68:53
Because it's to be related with the Ed to be related to.
1103
4133290
6009
ใ‚จใƒ‰ใซ้–ขใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€‚
68:59
But then there's a huge difference in the meaning as well.
1104
4139299
3971
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใ‚‚ๅคงใใช้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
69:03
When you can relate to someone's feelings, you understand their feelings because you've
1105
4143270
4739
่ชฐใ‹ใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใซๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใงใใ‚‹ใจใใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚‚
69:08
experienced the same thing and when you're related.
1106
4148009
4960
ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ้–ขไฟ‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚‚็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
69:12
To.
1107
4152969
1000
ใซใ€‚
69:13
Someone.
1108
4153969
1000
่ชฐใ‹ใ€‚
69:14
They.
1109
4154969
1000
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€‚
69:15
You share the same DNA, the same blood, the same genes.
1110
4155969
3381
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅŒใ˜ DNAใ€ๅŒใ˜่ก€ใ€ๅŒใ˜้บไผๅญใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
69:19
They're a member of your blood family.
1111
4159350
3190
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ก€ใฎใคใชใŒใฃใŸๅฎถๆ—ใฎไธ€ๅ“กใงใ™ใ€‚
69:22
So now you know how to use relate to someone's feelings and to be related to someone.
1112
4162540
6840
ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€่ชฐใ‹ใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ ใใ—ใฆ่ชฐใ‹ใจ้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚’ๆŒใคใจใ„ใ†ไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
69:29
So it's your turn to practice.
1113
4169380
1200
ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎ
69:30
I want you to leave 2 examples in the comments below.
1114
4170580
3050
ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ 2 ใคใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
69:33
An amazing job.
1115
4173630
1609
็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ ใ€‚
69:35
Let's keep going with the difference between either and neither.
1116
4175239
2870
ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ‹ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’่ธใพใˆใฆ้€ฒใ‚ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
69:38
I'm going to make this explanation real easy for you, and by the end of the video you'll
1117
4178109
5991
ใ“ใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใฏ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใง ใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹้ ƒใซใฏ
69:44
feel confident using either and neither in sentences.
1118
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่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆๆ–‡ไธญใงใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ‚’ไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
69:48
This is definitely an area I see lots of mistakes with, but not just with non-native English
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใชใ็งใŒใ‚ˆใ้–“้•ใˆใ‚‹ๅˆ†้‡Žใงใ™ใŒ ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใจใ—ใชใ„ไบบใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
69:53
speakers.
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ใ€‚
69:54
I say this with my friends, with my colleagues with native English speakers as well.
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็งใฏๅ‹้”ใ‚„ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใจใ™ใ‚‹ๅŒๅƒšใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
70:00
So don't worry too much about this, but I will make it easy for you to remember.
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่ฆšใˆใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
70:05
Now, before we go any further, I just want you to know that the pronunciation is flexible.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใ‚€ๅ‰ใซใ€ ็™บ้ŸณใซใฏๆŸ”่ปŸๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
70:10
So you can say neither, neither, either, either.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
70:14
OK, there's no difference.
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OKใ€้•ใ„ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
70:17
I might even change them throughout the video.
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ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชๅ…จไฝ“ใงๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†
70:21
If I do, there's no difference at all.
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ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใพใฃใŸใ้•ใ„ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
70:24
I tend to use either and neither, and that's generally what I hear being used in North
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็งใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ไธ€ๆ–นใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๅŒ—็ฑณใงใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่žใใพใ™
70:29
America.
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ใ€‚
70:30
With that said, let's talk about the difference between either and neither, and let's start
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ใใ†ใฏ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใฎ้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ใใ—ใฆใ€
70:36
with either.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
70:37
In terms of structure, it's going to be either noun or noun.
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ๆง‹้€ ็š„ใซใฏๅ่ฉžใ‹ๅ่ฉžใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
70:47
And we use this structure when we're choosing between two options.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€2 ใคใฎใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‹ใ‚‰้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
70:55
It's really important that it's only two options.
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้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒ 2 ใคใ ใ‘ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
70:58
We don't use it with three and we don't use it with four.
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3 ใคใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ€4 ใคใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
71:02
We use it with two options.
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2 ใคใฎใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
71:05
Let's take a look at an example.
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ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
71:08
Either Mike or John will help you.
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ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‹ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
71:13
So as you can see, we have our structure, either noun or noun, right now in terms of
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ใ”่ฆงใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€็พๅœจใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎ่ฆณ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ่ฉžใพใŸใฏๅ่ฉžใฎๆง‹้€ ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™
71:22
meaning.
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ใ€‚
71:23
Both of these situations are possible.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธกๆ–นใฎ็ŠถๆณใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
71:25
It's possible that Mike will help you.
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ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
71:30
It's possible that John will help you.
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ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
71:33
Now it's important to know that it's only one person that.
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ไปŠใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไธ€ไบบใ ใ‘ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใŒ
71:37
Will help you.
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ๆ‰‹ไผใ†ใ€‚
71:38
In the end, so in the end you will have Mike or John, either Mike or John.
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็ตๅฑ€ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซใฏใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏ ใ‹ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‹ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใŒ
71:47
Will help you.
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ๆ‰‹ไผใ†ใ€‚
71:48
So let's take a moment and practice now that we know how to form a sentence using either.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆง‹ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใจใฃใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
71:55
Or.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€‚
71:56
So pause the video.
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ใใ‚Œใงใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
71:57
If you need think of an example.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆไพ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
71:59
Remember the structure is either noun or noun, and then the rest of your sentence.
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ๆง‹้€ ใŒๅ่ฉžใพใŸใฏๅ่ฉžใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎๅพŒใซๆ–‡ใฎๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒ็ถšใใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
72:05
So think about what your sentence is and then put it in the comments below.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
72:10
Now, before we move on, let's talk about different sentence structures using either.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใ‚€ๅ‰ใซใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
72:16
Now, it's definitely possible that the nouns Mike and John in this scenario, the nouns
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎใ‚ทใƒŠใƒชใ‚ชใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ๅ่ฉž Mike ใจ John ใฏ
72:23
have already been identified.
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ใ™ใงใซ็‰นๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
72:25
OK, And if that's the case, there are some other sentence structures that you can use.
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OKใ€ใใ†ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ไป–ใฎๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใ‚‚ใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
72:32
In fact, there are three possibilities.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€3 ใคใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
72:35
They mean exactly the same thing.
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ๅ…จใๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
72:38
So let's say that our nouns have already been identified.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ่ฉžใŒใ™ใงใซ ่ญ˜ๅˆฅใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
72:42
So I could say Mike and John are in the office today.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใจใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฏไปŠๆ—ฅใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
72:48
So we already set the context that Mike and John are our nouns, right?
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€Mike ใจ John ใŒๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใฏใ™ใงใซ่จญๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ?
72:54
I don't need to repeat that information.
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ใใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
72:57
So I could say Mike and John are in the office today.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใจใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฏไปŠๆ—ฅใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
73:02
Either one will help you notice here.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๆฐ—ใฅใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
73:07
Either.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ€‚
73:08
One okay, of course, either 11 is Mike and one is John.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€1 ใคใฏใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฏใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
73:15
I don't need to repeat those nouns because I said them at the beginning part of my sentence.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ่ฉžใฏๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใง่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
73:21
In this case, I can simply say Either one will help you.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใŒๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€ใจใ ใ‘่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
73:27
Now remember I said there's three different choices of sentence structure.
1170
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซใฏ 3 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่ฟฐในใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใฎ
73:32
I could also say either one of.
1171
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
73:35
Them.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€‚ ใŒ
73:36
Will help you.
1173
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ๆ‰‹ไผใ†ใ€‚
73:37
So notice here I'm just adding of them, of course the them is Mike and John, you got
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ใ“ใ“ใง็งใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใจใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
73:45
this right.
1175
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
73:46
OK.
1176
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1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
73:47
Our third choice is I could say either of them will help you.
1177
4427360
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3็•ช็›ฎใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใฏใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
73:54
So what am I doing different here?
1178
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใฏใ“ใ“ใงไฝ•ใŒ้•ใ†ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
73:56
In this case, I'm simply dropping the one, right?
1179
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฝใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ
74:00
So all three of these choices mean exactly the same thing.
1180
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 3 ใคใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใฏใ™ในใฆใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ็›ธไบ’
74:05
You can use them interchangeably.
1181
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ใซไบคๆ›ใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
74:07
There's no difference at all.
1182
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2151
ใพใฃใŸใ้•ใ„ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
74:09
Remember, these three choices are used when the nouns have already been identified.
1183
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 3 ใคใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใฏใ€ๅ่ฉžใŒใ™ใงใซ็‰นๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
74:16
So now take a second.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅพ…ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
74:18
Take your example that you already used and change it so you identify the nouns first
1185
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ใ™ใงใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸไพ‹ใ‚’ ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซๅ่ฉžใ‚’่ญ˜ๅˆฅใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰
74:26
and then follow this structure.
1186
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ใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซๅพ“ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
74:28
Remember, you have three different choices, so practice using all three and put your practice
1187
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6640
3 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ 3 ใคใ™ในใฆใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใ€ๅฎŸ่ทต
74:35
examples in the comments.
1188
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ไพ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
74:38
Now let's talk about neither.
1189
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
74:40
The thing you need to remember is that neither is.
1190
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚
74:45
Negative.
1191
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ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ€‚
74:46
So I think it's really easy to remember that it's negative because neither starts with
1192
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ N ใงๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใ€
74:52
an N and negative starts with an N So you can just have that association in your brain,
1193
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ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚‚ N ใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใฎใฏ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ้ ญใฎไธญใงใใฎ้–ข้€ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงๆธˆใฟใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ
74:59
right?
1194
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?
75:00
Neither negative, neither negative NN.
1195
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ใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใงใ‚‚ใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใงใ‚‚ใชใ„NNใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†
75:03
So that's an easy way to remember it.
1196
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ใ“ใจใงใ€่ฆšใˆใ‚„ใ™ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
75:06
So think of it as the exact same as either, but we use it in the negative.
1197
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใจใ‚‚ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
75:13
So instead of saying that both choices are available and possible like we did with either,
1198
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ไธกๆ–นใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒ ๅˆฉ็”จๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚Šๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€
75:23
we're using neither to deny.
1199
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๅฆๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
75:25
Those.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ€‚
75:26
Two choices, OK, they're not available now.
1201
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2 ใคใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€็พๅœจใฏๅˆฉ็”จใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
75:31
There's one important change that we need to make, and this change is definitely something
1202
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็งใŸใกใŒ่กŒใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹้‡่ฆใชๅค‰ๆ›ดใŒ 1 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ“ใฎๅค‰ๆ›ดใฏใ€
75:37
that native English speakers forget all what?
1203
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใจใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใชใๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
75:41
OK, But that change is we have to say neither noun.
1204
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OKใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใฏใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎๅ่ฉžใ‚‚่จ€ใ‚ใชใใฆๆธˆใ‚€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚
75:48
Do you know what I'm going to say next?
1205
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ๆฌกใซ็งใŒไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
75:49
Do you put it in?
1206
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ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚
75:50
The comments if you do neither noun.
1207
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ๅ่ฉžใงใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ€‚
75:55
Nor, nor.
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ใ„ใ‚„ใ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒ
75:58
Now now again, I think this should be easy for you to remember because you just put an
1209
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‰ใซ N ใ‚’ ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใชใฎใงใ€่ฆšใˆใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
76:04
N in front of or right?
1210
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76:08
Nor nor N negative, neither negative.
1211
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N ใ‚‚่ฒ ใงใ‚‚ใ€่ฒ ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
76:13
So use that brain association.
1212
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใฎ่„ณใฎ้–ข้€ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
76:15
I think it will be really easy for you to remember it that way.
1213
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่ฆšใˆใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
76:20
Neither nor Okay.
1214
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
76:23
So let's take our original example with either and put it in the negative with neither.
1215
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ใใ“ใงใ€ๅ…ƒใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชไพ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
76:29
So pause the video, think about that and put it in the comments.
1216
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ๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ่พผใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
76:34
What would our original example be with neither?
1217
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฎๅ…ƒใฎไพ‹ใฏใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
76:38
Hmm.
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ใตใƒผใ‚€ใ€‚
76:39
Put it in the comments.
1219
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2191
ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
76:41
Of course, it would be neither Mike nor John.
1220
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใงใ‚‚ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใŒ
76:46
Will help you.
1221
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ๆ‰‹ไผใ†ใ€‚
76:47
I don't know why they won't help you, but they won't because remember, neither is negative.
1222
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6351
ใชใœๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใชใ„ใฎใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
76:54
So we're saying those two choices are not available.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใฏๅˆฉ็”จใงใใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
76:58
So you can think of it as you have two choices, right, John and Mike.
1224
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใจใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใฎ 2 ใคใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
77:04
John won't help you.
1225
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ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
77:06
Mike won't help you.
1226
4626300
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ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
77:08
Neither Mike nor Dawn will help you.
1227
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ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚‚ใƒ‰ใƒผใƒณใ‚‚ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
77:11
Now, the same three different sentence structures that we saw with either are exactly the same
1228
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7480
ใ•ใฆใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใง่ฆ‹ใŸๅŒใ˜ 3 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใฏใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
77:18
for neither.
1229
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ใ€‚
77:19
So in that case.
1230
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ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€‚
77:21
It's really easy.
1231
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1000
ใจใฆใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
77:22
We just.
1232
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1000
็งใŸใกใฏใŸใ ใ€‚
77:23
Change either to neither, but remember it's negative.
1233
4643560
4360
ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚’ใฉใกใ‚‰ใซใ‚‚ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
77:27
Neither negative.
1234
4647920
1569
ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€‚
77:29
So pause the video.
1235
4649489
1980
ใใ‚Œใงใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
77:31
Think about what our original examples were with either and put them in the comments.
1236
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ๅ…ƒใฎไพ‹ใŒ ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‹่€ƒใˆใฆใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚
77:37
With neither.
1237
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1560
ใชใ„ใ€‚
77:38
Did you get them in the comments?
1238
4658770
2670
ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
77:41
Hopefully you did.
1239
4661440
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ใใ†ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
77:42
So remember, we need to put the context and identify our nouns.
1240
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ–‡่„ˆใ‚’่€ƒๆ…ฎใ—ใฆ ๅ่ฉžใ‚’่ญ˜ๅˆฅใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
77:47
So I could still say Mike and John are in the office.
1241
4667280
4590
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใจใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฏใพใ ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
77:51
They can still be in the office, but they're just not willing to help you.
1242
4671870
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใพใ ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
77:57
OK, so Mike and John are in the office.
1243
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OKใ€ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใจใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฏใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
78:01
Neither one will help you, right?
1244
4681179
3511
ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใกใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
78:04
Neither one will help you.
1245
4684690
1380
ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
78:06
What are the two other choices?
1246
4686070
2009
ไป–ใฎ 2 ใคใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
78:08
Put them in the comments.
1247
4688079
2781
ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
78:10
Neither one of them will help you.
1248
4690860
4150
ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
78:15
Or our third choice, neither of them will help you.
1249
4695010
6110
ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€็งใŸใกใฎ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใงใฏใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใกใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
78:21
Not very nice.
1250
4701120
1000
ใจใฆใ‚‚็ด ๆ•ตใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
78:22
Mike and John, are they.
1251
4702120
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ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใจใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใญใ€‚
78:23
OK, so by now you feel really comfortable with either and neither, right?
1252
4703199
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠใงใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ๅฟซ้ฉใ ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ—ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ ใชใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
78:30
But let me give you one more scenario before you go, because it's an important one.
1253
4710800
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€้‡่ฆใชใ‚ทใƒŠใƒชใ‚ชใชใฎใงใ€ใใฎๅ‰ใซใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎใ‚ทใƒŠใƒชใ‚ชใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ•ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
78:35
And this is an area that I see native English speakers make mistakes with.
1254
4715840
5290
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใ‹ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
78:41
OK.
1255
4721130
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
78:42
So let's imagine you're talking to your friend and they just randomly say I don't speak French,
1256
4722130
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ‹้”ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใŸใ ใƒฉใƒณใƒ€ใƒ ใซใ€็งใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€
78:49
I don't speak French, OK, I.
1257
4729530
3070
็งใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ๅˆ†ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€็งใฏ่ฉฑใ•ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ—
78:52
Don't.
1258
4732600
1000
ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
78:53
Negative.
1259
4733600
1000
ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ€‚
78:54
I don't speak French.
1260
4734600
1789
็งใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
78:56
Now, how can we answer this using neither?
1261
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6481
ใ•ใฆใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ไฝฟใ‚ใšใซใ“ใ‚Œใซใฉใ†็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
79:02
Hmm.
1262
4742870
1000
ใตใƒผใ‚€ใ€‚
79:03
I don't speak French.
1263
4743870
2840
็งใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
79:06
What would I say as my answer?
1264
4746710
3880
็งใฎ็ญ”ใˆใจใ—ใฆไฝ•ใจ่จ€ใˆใฐใ„ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
79:10
Neither do.
1265
4750590
1270
ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€‚
79:11
I.
1266
4751860
1260
I.
79:13
Neither do I, because it's negative.
1267
4753120
2430
็งใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
79:15
I don't speak French, so I'm matching my answer with neither, because neither is negative.
1268
4755550
7410
็งใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใฎใงใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใงใฏใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใจใ‚‚็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ไธ€่‡ดใ•ใ›ใพใ™ ใ€‚
79:22
OK, neither do I.
1269
4762960
2670
OKใ€็งใ‚‚ใใ†ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒใใ‚Œใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹
79:25
Now there's a casual, a more casual, informal way that native English speakers answer that,
1270
4765630
5980
ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใชใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใงใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใช่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€
79:31
and we simply say me neither, me neither.
1271
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็งใŸใกใฏๅ˜ใซใ€Œ็งใ‚‚ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ใ€Œ็งใ‚‚ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
79:35
That's a little more of a casual way, but I say it all the time.
1272
4775929
5071
ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใช่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใŒใ€ ็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
79:41
Neither do I is, you know, the formal way.
1273
4781000
2550
็งใ‚‚ๆญฃๅผใชใ‚„ใ‚Šๆ–นใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
79:43
Me neither.
1274
4783550
1000
็งใ‚‚ใ€‚
79:44
I don't speak French.
1275
4784550
1420
็งใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
79:45
Me neither.
1276
4785970
1000
็งใ‚‚ใ€‚
79:46
I don't speak French.
1277
4786970
1479
็งใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
79:48
Neither do I.
1278
4788449
1000
็งใ‚‚ใใ†ใฏๆ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
79:49
Now, I don't want to confuse you, but it is possible to answer this with either.
1279
4789449
6221
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆททไนฑใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
79:55
But it's not that common.
1280
4795670
2890
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
79:58
OK, but I just want you to know that it's possible.
1281
4798560
3230
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
80:01
I don't speak French.
1282
4801790
2970
็งใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
80:04
How can I answer this with either?
1283
4804760
2870
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใง็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใซใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
80:07
Do you know?
1284
4807630
1000
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
80:08
If you do, put it in the comments.
1285
4808630
1890
ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
80:10
Bonus points if you know this one, put it in the comments.
1286
4810520
4449
ใƒœใƒผใƒŠใ‚นใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
80:14
If I wanted to answer with either to a negative, I would have to make.
1287
4814969
5931
ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใงๅฆๅฎš็š„ใซ็ญ”ใˆใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใ† ใ™ใ‚‹ใ—ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
80:20
Either.
1288
4820900
1000
ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ€‚
80:21
Negative, OK.
1289
4821900
1759
ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ€OKใ€‚
80:23
I would have to say I don't speak French.
1290
4823659
3611
็งใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ›ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ–ใ‚‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
80:27
I don't either.
1291
4827270
2560
็งใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
80:29
I don't either.
1292
4829830
1150
็งใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
80:30
I don't speak French.
1293
4830980
1929
็งใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
80:32
I don't either.
1294
4832909
1231
็งใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
80:34
In this case, there's only one possible answer, so that's definitely a possibility.
1295
4834140
5260
ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใฏ 1 ใคใ ใ‘ใช ใฎใงใ€ใใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใชใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใ‚‚
80:39
It's just not as common as saying me neither, neither do I.
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ใƒ€ใƒกใ€็งใ‚‚ใƒ€ใƒกใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใปใฉไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
80:44
But remember negative statement.
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ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช็™บ่จ€ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
80:47
You use neither to agree with that negative statement.
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ใใฎๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช็™บ่จ€ใซๅŒๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
80:52
I don't like coffee.
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็งใฏใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
80:54
Neither do I.
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็งใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใใฎ
80:55
Now before you go, just one more bonus thing.
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ๅ‰ใซใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใ ใ‘ใŠใพใ‘ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ๅŠ ใˆใฆใŠใใพใ™ใ€‚
80:58
OK, now imagine it was a positive statement, OK?
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OKใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใช็™บ่จ€ใ ใฃใŸใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
81:02
And my friend said I speak French.
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ใใ—ใฆๅ‹้”ใฏ็งใŒใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
81:05
My answer would be me too.
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็งใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‚็งใงใ™ใ€‚
81:08
Me.
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใ€‚
81:09
Too.
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใซใ‚‚ใ€‚
81:10
So.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€‚
81:11
Do I so?
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‹
81:12
Do I?
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๏ผŸ
81:13
So if it's a positive.
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ใใ‚Œใง้™ฝๆ€งใชใ‚‰ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ
81:15
Statement and you're agreeing positively.
1311
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ๅฃฐๆ˜Žใซใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ฉๆฅต็š„ใซๅŒๆ„ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
81:17
We don't use either, and we don't use neither.
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็งใŸใกใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ไฝฟใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ไฝฟใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
81:22
OK, so those don't exist in this situation.
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OKใ€ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใงใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
81:26
They're not choices.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
81:27
You're doing awesome.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใญใ€‚
81:28
Feel free to hit pause and take a break.
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่‡ช็”ฑใซไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
81:32
And when you're ready, let's move on to the difference between anyway anyways, anyhow,
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใจใซใ‹ใใจใซใ‹ใ ใ€ใจใซใ‹ใใ€
81:38
and any who.
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ใใ—ใฆ่ชฐใงใ‚‚ใฎ้•ใ„ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
81:40
And at the end of this lesson, there will be a quiz and you can download the free PDF
1319
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใฏ ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็„กๆ–™ใฎๆฆ‚่ฆ PDF ใ‚’ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใงใใพใ™
81:47
summary.
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ใ€‚
81:48
Let's go first.
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ใพใšใฏ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
81:49
Let's talk about anyway and anyways.
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ใจใซใ‹ใใจใซใ‹ใ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
81:52
What's the difference between these two?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎ้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
81:54
Well, it's very simple.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
81:57
One of these words is grammatically correct and the other is slang.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใ†ใก 1 ใคใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซๆญฃใ—ใ ใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฏไฟ—่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
82:02
Do you know which one is slang?
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ใฉใ‚ŒใŒใ‚นใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฐใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
82:05
Well, anyways, with an S is slang.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใจใซใ‹ใใ€S ใฏใ‚นใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฐใงใ™ใ€‚
82:10
It doesn't exist in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใซใฏๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
82:12
As a word.
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่จ€่‘‰ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€‚ ใจใซใ‹ใ
82:14
This may surprise you because native speakers use anyways.
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒไฝฟใ†ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏ้ฉšใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
82:20
All.
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ๅ…จใฆใ€‚
82:21
The time.
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ๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
82:22
In fact, I would say that anyways with an S is just as common as anyway, even though
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใซใฏใจใ‚‚ใ‹ใใ€S ใฎไป˜ใ„ใŸ ใจใซใ‹ใ ใฏ ใจใซใ‹ใใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
82:32
technically anyways.
1334
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ใ€‚
82:34
With an S is not a word in English, it's slang.
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S ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใฏใชใใ€ใ‚นใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฐใงใ™ใ€‚
82:38
Regardless, you will hear anyways in formal situations like Ted talks or formal presentations,
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ใ„ใšใ‚Œใซใ›ใ‚ˆใ€ ใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใฎ่ฌ›ๆผ”ใ‚„ๆญฃๅผใชใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใชใฉใฎๆญฃๅผใช็Šถๆณใงใฏใ€ใจใซใ‹ใใ€Œใจใซใ‹ใใ€ใŒไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใ€
82:48
even from politicians and doctors you will hear anyways being used all the time.
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ๆ”ฟๆฒปๅฎถใ‚„ๅŒปๅธซใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ€Œใจใซใ‹ใใ€ใŒ ๅธธใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
82:58
But remember, any way without the's anyway is the grammatically correct choice in any
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็Šถๆณใงใ‚‚ใ€'s ใชใ—ใฎ any way ใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซๆญฃใ—ใ„้ธๆŠžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
83:08
situation.
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ใ€‚
83:09
Now let's talk about how to use any way.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
83:13
And anyhow, they have the exact same meaning.
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ใใ—ใฆใจใซใ‹ใใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
83:19
They're interchangeable, which means you can use any way or you can use anyhow, it doesn't
1342
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ไบคๆ›ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚‚
83:26
matter.
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ๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
83:27
They're both adverbs and they have three common meanings.
1344
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€3 ใคใฎๅ…ฑ้€šใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
83:31
So let's review each meaning and we'll look at example sentences.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใ€ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
83:37
The first meaning we use anyway and anyhow to mean in any case without regard to other
1346
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ใจใซใ‹ใใจใจใซใ‹ใใจใ„ใ†ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏใ€ ไป–ใฎ่€ƒๆ…ฎไบ‹้ …ใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใชใใ€ใฉใ‚“ใชๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™
83:47
considerations.
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ใ€‚
83:49
For example, let's say you're planning a family dinner at a new restaurant.
1348
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใงๅฎถๆ—ใจใฎใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒŠใƒผใ‚’่จˆ็”ปใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
83:55
You want to try, but you're not sure if this restaurant takes reservations.
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่กŒใฃใฆใฟใŸใ„ใ‘ใฉใ€ใ“ใฎ ใŠๅบ—ใฏไบˆ็ด„ใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
84:03
You might say to your family member.
1350
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ๅฎถๆ—ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
84:06
I'm not sure if the restaurant takes reservations.
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ใใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใŒไบˆ็ด„ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
84:10
Anyway, I'll call tonight.
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ไปŠๅคœ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
84:15
So this means without regard to other considerations in any case.
1353
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ„ใ‹ใชใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ไป–ใฎ่€ƒๆ…ฎไบ‹้ …ใ‚’่€ƒๆ…ฎใ—ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
84:21
So it doesn't matter if the restaurant takes reservations or doesn't take reservations,
1354
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใŒไบˆ็ด„ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏ ้–ขไฟ‚ใชใใ€
84:28
you're going to call.
1355
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้›ป่ฉฑใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
84:30
Remember, you can use anyhow and they have the exact same meaning.
1356
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
84:36
So I could say I'm not sure if the restaurant takes reservations, I'll call tonight.
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ใใ“ใงใ€ใใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใŒ ไบˆ็ด„ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ไปŠๅคœ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใฟใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
84:44
Anyhow, notice I changed the placement of the adverb.
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใฎไฝ็ฝฎใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
84:50
The placement can come at the beginning of the sentence or at the end of the sentence.
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้…็ฝฎใฏๆ–‡ใฎๅ…ˆ้ ญ ใพใŸใฏๆ–‡ใฎๆœซๅฐพใซๆŒ‡ๅฎšใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
84:57
There's no difference between these two anyway.
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ใ„ใšใ‚Œใซใ›ใ‚ˆใ€ใ“ใฎ 2 ใคใซ้•ใ„ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
85:01
And anyhow are also used when you provide a more important reason or consideration.
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ใใ—ใฆใจใซใ‹ใใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้‡่ฆใช็†็”ฑใ‚„่€ƒๆ…ฎไบ‹้ …ใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
85:09
Let's say you find out about a work conference, but you decide you're not going to go.
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ไป•ไบ‹ใฎไผš่ญฐใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใฎใ€ ่กŒใ‹ใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆฑบใ‚ใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
85:17
You could say the conference.
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ใ‚ซใƒณใƒ•ใ‚กใƒฌใƒณใ‚นใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
85:20
Is out of.
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ๅ‡บใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
85:22
Town.
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็”บใ€‚
85:23
That's one reason you're not going to go.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่กŒใ‹ใชใ„็†็”ฑใฎไธ€ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
85:25
It's out of town, which means it's not in your city, or your location is in a different
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็”บใฎๅค–ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ƒฝๅธ‚ใซใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใŒๅˆฅใฎ
85:31
city or different location.
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้ƒฝๅธ‚ใพใŸใฏๅˆฅใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
85:33
So that's one reason.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็†็”ฑใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
85:35
But you want to provide a more important reason why you're not going to the conference.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ซใƒณใƒ•ใ‚กใƒฌใƒณใ‚นใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฃใจ้‡่ฆใช็†็”ฑใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
85:42
You could say the conference is out of town and I have another meeting that day anyway,
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ไผš่ญฐใŒ้ƒŠๅค–ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใจใซใ‹ใใใฎๆ—ฅใฏๅˆฅใฎไผš่ญฐใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
85:50
so the fact that you have another meeting is more important than the fact that the conference
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅˆฅใฎไผš่ญฐใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใฏใ€ ไผš่ญฐใŒ็”บๅค–ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚้‡่ฆใงใ™
85:58
is out of town.
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ใ€‚
85:59
And we use the adverb anyway to show that With this meaning, the placement of the adverb
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ใ“ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใฎ้…็ฝฎใ‚‚
86:07
is also flexible and it can come at the beginning of the sentence or the end of the sentence.
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ๆŸ”่ปŸใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใซ็ฝฎใใ“ใจใ‚‚ๆ–‡ใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซ็ฝฎใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
86:13
So I could also say the conference is out of town and anyhow I have another meeting
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไผš่ญฐใฏ ็”บใฎๅค–ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใจใซใ‹ใใใฎๆ—ฅใซๅˆฅใฎไผš่ญฐใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™
86:20
that day.
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ใ€‚
86:22
Notice it came at the beginning of the sentence, but I put the adverb and to act as a transition
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ๆ–‡ใฎๅ…ˆ้ ญใซๆฅใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใจ to ใ‚’็งป่กŒ่ชžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€
86:31
word and anyhow so you will commonly see anyhow or any way with a small adverb like and but
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anyhow ใ‚’้…็ฝฎใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€anyhow ใพใŸใฏ any way ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅฐใ•ใชๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใŒใใฎ
86:42
so in front of it.
1380
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ๅ‰ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
86:44
That doesn't change the meaning in any way.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ไฝ•ใ‚‰ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
86:48
In any way.
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ใ„ใšใ‚Œใซใ›ใ‚ˆใ€‚
86:50
And and you can.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
86:51
Just.
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ใŸใ ใ€‚
86:52
Get.
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ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ€‚
86:53
Rid of it and the sentence would be the same.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๆ–‡ใฏๅŒใ˜ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
86:54
The conference is out of town anyhow.
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ใจใซใ‹ใไผš่ญฐใฏ็”บใฎๅค–ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
86:58
I have another meeting that day.
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ใใฎๆ—ฅใฏๅˆฅใฎไผš่ญฐใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
87:01
The final way we use anyway and anyhow is as a transition word to transition from one
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ใจใซใ‹ใใจใจใซใ‹ใใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹
87:09
conversation topic to another conversation topic.
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ไผš่ฉฑใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‹ใ‚‰ๅˆฅใฎไผš่ฉฑใฎ ใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ็งป่กŒใ™ใ‚‹็งป่กŒๅ˜่ชžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
87:14
And this might be the most common way.
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ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
87:17
It's.
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ใใฎใ€‚
87:18
Used.
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ไฝฟ็”จๆธˆใฟใ€‚
87:19
And this might be the way you're most comfortable using it, and you can use any way, or anyhow,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅฟซ้ฉใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใฉใฎ ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚‚
87:25
it doesn't matter.
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ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
87:27
And of course you can use.
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
87:29
Any.
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ใฉใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใ€‚
87:30
Ways.
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ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€‚
87:31
But remember, that's slang.
1399
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚นใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
87:33
So let's say you're having a conversation with your friend and you're talking about
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ๅ‹ไบบใจไผš่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใฎไฝœๅ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ™
87:37
one subject work you're talking about.
1401
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ใ€‚
87:40
Work, work, work.
1402
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ไป•ไบ‹ใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใ€‚ ใฏ
87:42
Is really busy at work right now and we need to hire another accountant, but now?
1403
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ไปŠไป•ไบ‹ใŒใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ€ ๅˆฅใฎไผš่จˆๅฃซใ‚’้›‡ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ไปŠใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
87:49
You don't want to talk.
1404
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่ฉฑใ—ใŸใใชใ„ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
87:50
About work anymore with your friend, you want to change the topic.
1405
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ๅ‹้”ใจไป•ไบ‹ใฎ่ฉฑใซใชใฃใŸใฎใงใ€่ฉฑ้กŒใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
87:55
You can say.
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่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
87:56
Anyway, how was Italy?
1407
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚ขใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
87:58
So your friend just got back from this vacation and you want to now change the topic from
1408
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ใใ“ใงใ€ๅ‹ไบบใŒไผ‘ๆš‡ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆˆปใฃใฆใใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใชใฎใงใ€ ่ฉฑ้กŒใ‚’
88:04
work to your friend's vacation.
1409
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ไป•ไบ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‹ไบบใฎไผ‘ๆš‡ใซๅค‰ใˆใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
88:07
Work's really busy now we need to hire another accountant.
1410
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ไป•ไบ‹ใŒใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ€ๅˆฅใฎไผš่จˆๅฃซใ‚’้›‡ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
88:11
Anyhow, how is Italy?
1411
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ใใ‚Œใซใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚ขใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
88:13
Tell me about Italy again.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚ขใซใคใ„ใฆๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
88:16
You can use any way or anyhow, but with this meaning to change conversation topics, we
1413
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any way ใพใŸใฏ anyhow ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ ไผš่ฉฑใฎ่ฉฑ้กŒใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใ€
88:23
most commonly put the adverb at the beginning of the second sentence, so we don't commonly
1414
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ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใฎๅ…ˆ้ ญใซ็ฝฎใใฎใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใง ใ€
88:31
put it at the end of the sentence.
1415
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ๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’็ฝฎใใ“ใจใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใชใฉใฎ
88:34
And you can still use another transition word like and so, but you're talking about work.
1416
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ๅˆฅใฎ็งป่กŒๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏไป•ไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
88:43
We need to hire another accountant.
1417
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็งใŸใกใฏๅˆฅใฎไผš่จˆๅฃซใ‚’้›‡ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
88:45
So anyway and anyway.
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ใใ‚Œใงใจใซใ‹ใใจใซใ‹ใใ€‚
88:48
But anyway, how was Italy now?
1419
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ใใ‚Œใซใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚ขใฏไปŠใฉใ†ใ ใฃใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
88:51
Finally, let's talk about the difference between anyhow and any who, any who is a slang replacement
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€anyhow ใจ any who ใฎ้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚any who ใฏใ‚นใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฐใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Š
89:00
to.
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ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
89:01
Anyhow, you can use it the exact same way you use anyhow.
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ไปŠใพใงใจใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
89:07
Remember though, it's slang now.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ไปŠใงใฏใ‚นใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฐใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
89:09
Notice the spelling because most commonly when we use this in a text message, for example,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆ ใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใฏใ€Œ
89:16
it's spelled any who Hoo.
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any who Hooใ€ใจ็ถดใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚นใƒšใƒซใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
89:19
That's because we're borrowing from the word how and we're just changing it slightly to
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€Œhowใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅ€Ÿ็”จใ—ใ€ใ€Œwhoใ€ ใซๅฐ‘ใ—ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
89:28
who.
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ใ€‚
89:30
So you may see it written as any who, but it's more commonly written as any who.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€any who ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’็›ฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ any who ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ–นใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
89:38
In pronunciation, there's no difference at all.
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็™บ้Ÿณ็š„ใซใฏๅ…จใ้•ใ„ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
89:41
Any who.
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่ชฐใงใ‚‚ใ€‚
89:43
Is.
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ใฏใ€‚
89:44
Fun.
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ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ€‚
89:45
Light hearted.
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ๅฟƒๅ„ชใ—ใ„ใ€‚
89:46
Casual way.
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ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใชใ‚„ใ‚Šๆ–นใ€‚
89:47
To say anyhow, but keep in mind that it isn't commonly used.
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ใจใซใ‹ใ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใฏไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
89:54
Remember I said that?
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็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
89:55
Anyways, even though it's slang, it's used 50% of the time.
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ใ‚นใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฐใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ 50๏ผ…ใฎ็ขบ็Ž‡ใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
90:01
That's not the same with anywho.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ่ชฐใซใจใฃใฆใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
90:04
Anywho, isn't very common and in fact some native speakers, depending on the region they're
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Anywho ใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฎไธญใซใฏใ€ๅ‡บ่บซๅœฐๅŸŸใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏ
90:10
from, they might not even know what it is and they may think you just made a mistake
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ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใชใฎใ‹ใ™ใ‚‰ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใšใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใŸใ ้–“้•ใˆใŸใ ใ‘ใงใ€ใจใซใ‹ใ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใ ใจๆ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
90:16
and you meant to say anyhow.
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ใ€‚
90:18
So because it isn't very commonly used and because it's slang, I don't recommend using
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใฏไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใšใ€ ใ‚นใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“
90:26
it.
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ใ€‚
90:27
Now you know how to use anyway anyways.
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ใจใซใ‹ใไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
90:30
Anyhow, and any who Are you ready for your quiz?
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€่ชฐใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ ?
90:35
Here are your questions.
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ใ”่ณชๅ•ใฏใ“ใกใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
90:36
Hit pause.
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ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
90:37
Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play for the answers.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ€ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
90:45
Let's see how well you did on that quiz.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใงใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใ†ใพใใงใใŸใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
90:47
Here are your answers.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ญ”ใˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
90:49
So hit pause, Review these answers, compare them to your own, and when you're done, hit
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ›ž็ญ”ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅ›ž็ญ”ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ€ ๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
90:55
play.
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ใ€‚
90:59
So how did you do with that quiz?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
91:01
Share your score in the comments below.
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ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใงใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
91:04
And remember you can download the PDF that summarizes everything from this lesson so
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ใพใŸใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๅ†…ๅฎนใ‚’ใ™ในใฆใพใจใ‚ใŸ PDF ใ‚’ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
91:11
you can practice it and review it.
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็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
91:13
So the link to download the PDF is right there.
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PDFใ‚’ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใŒใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
91:16
You can go there and download it anytime.
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ใใ“ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใ€ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
91:19
Way to go.
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ใ•ใ™ใŒใ€‚ ๅ…ˆใซ
91:20
Let's move on and talk about as soon as and as long as.
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้€ฒใ‚“ใงใ€ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใใ€ใใ—ใฆ ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘้•ทใ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
91:26
Let's start with as soon as.
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ๆ—ฉ้€Ÿๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
91:29
You can think of this as a time reference.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅŸบๆบ–ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
91:33
OK, we're talking about time and as soon as you can translate that to immediately after.
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OKใ€็งใŸใกใฏๆ™‚้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’็›ดๅพŒใจ่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจใ™ใใงใ™ใ€‚
91:41
OK, immediately after something happens.
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OKใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸ็›ดๅพŒใ€‚
91:44
For example, call your mother as soon as.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ™ใใซใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“ใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
91:50
You.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ€‚
91:51
Get home.
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ๅฎถใซๅธฐใ‚Šใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚
91:52
OK, so remember we can think of as soon as as immediately.
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OKใ€ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
91:57
After.
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ๅพŒใ€‚
91:58
So immediately after you get home, call your mother.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅฎถใซๅธฐใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ™ใใซๆฏ่ฆชใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
92:03
So imagine you're walking home.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆญฉใ„ใฆๅฎถใซๅธฐใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
92:05
You open your door, you enter your house.
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ใƒ‰ใ‚ขใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใฆๅฎถใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
92:09
OK, immediately after.
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ใฏใ„ใ€็›ดๅพŒใงใ™ใ€‚
92:11
So the first thing you're going to do when you get home is call your mother.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ ๅฎถใซๅธฐใฃใŸใ‚‰ใพใšๆฏ่ฆชใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
92:18
Call your mother as soon as you get home.
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ๅฎถใซๅธฐใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ™ใใซๆฏ่ฆชใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
92:23
Now it's important to keep in mind that the structure of this is flexible.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ ใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใฏๆŸ”่ปŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ็•™ๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
92:29
I can use as soon as to start the sentence and I can say as soon as you get home.
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ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใซใฏ as on ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ—ใ€ ๅฎถใซๅธฐใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ™ใใซใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
92:36
As soon as you get home, call your mother.
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ๅฎถใซๅธฐใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ™ใใซใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“ใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
92:40
And they mean exactly the same thing.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
92:44
Another example.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎไพ‹ใ€‚
92:45
Send me that.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’้€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
92:46
Report as soon as you get the numbers.
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ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใŒๅ‡บใŸใ‚‰ใ™ใใซๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
92:49
So immediately after you get the numbers, what are you going to do?
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ใงใฏใ€ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ™ใใซ ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‹?
92:56
You're going to send me the report?
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ๅ ฑๅ‘Šๆ›ธใ‚’็งใซ้€ใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใŒ
92:58
Send me the report as soon as you get the numbers.
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ๅ‡บใŸใ‚‰ใ™ใใซๅ ฑๅ‘Šๆ›ธใ‚’้€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
93:03
And remember, we can switch the sentence structure as well.
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ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚‚ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
93:08
So write in the comments below.
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ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’
93:09
What would be the alternative way to write this?
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ๆ›ธใๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ?
93:13
Starting with as soon as.
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ๆ—ฉ้€Ÿใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
93:15
So pause the video and write that in the comments below to practice.
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ๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆใ€ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใใฎๆ—จใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆ ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
93:20
Did you get it?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
93:22
As soon as you get the numbers?
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ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใŒๅ‡บใŸใ‚‰ใ™ใใซ?
93:25
As soon as you get the numbers, send me the report.
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ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šๆฌก็ฌฌใ€ๅ ฑๅ‘Šๆ›ธใ‚’็งใซ้€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
93:29
Now let's talk about as long as, as long as and as soon as are very different.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€as long asใ€as long asใ€ asoon as ใŒๅคงใใ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
93:36
The only thing they share is that they both have as and as.
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ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎๅ…ฑ้€š็‚นใฏใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ as ใจ as ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
93:42
OK, but.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใงใ‚‚ใ€‚
93:43
They're used very.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆกไปถใ‚’
93:44
Differently now with as long as we're offering a condition.
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ๆ็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใ€ไปŠใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
93:49
OK, this will make sense with an example sentence.
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OKใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚Œใฐๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
93:54
So let me give you an example.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
93:57
I'll go to the party as long as you give me a.
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ใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚Œใฐใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใพใ™ ใ€‚
94:01
Ride.
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ไน—ใ‚‹ใ€‚
94:02
OK, so there's a condition, right?
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ๆกไปถใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
94:05
I will only go to the party if you give me a.
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็งใซ่ฟ”ไบ‹ใ‚’ใใ‚ŒใŸๅ ดๅˆใฎใฟใ€็งใฏใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใพใ™ ใ€‚
94:11
Ride.
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ไน—ใ‚‹ใ€‚
94:12
If you don't give me a ride, I won't go to the party.
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่ปŠใซไน—ใ›ใฆใใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซใฏ่กŒใใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
94:16
That's the condition.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๆกไปถใงใ™ใ€‚
94:17
So we use as long As for identifying a condition.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆกไปถใ‚’่ญ˜ๅˆฅใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ as long As ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ปŠใซไน—ใ›ใฆ
94:21
I'll go to the party as long as you give me a ride.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใพใ™ ใ€‚
94:26
Now, just like with as soon as.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใใ€‚
94:29
This sentence structure is flexible as well.
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใ‚‚ๆŸ”่ปŸใงใ™ใ€‚
94:33
So think about this.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
94:34
Hit.
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ๆ‰“ใคใ€‚
94:35
Pause and change the sentence structure so we begin with as long as OK Put your answer
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ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใ€ OK ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
94:42
in the comments below.
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ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
94:45
Did you get it?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
94:46
As long as you give me a ride, I'll go to the party.
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่ปŠใซไน—ใ›ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใพใ™ ใ€‚
94:51
Another example.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎไพ‹ใ€‚ ๆ˜ผ้ฃŸใ‚’่ฒทใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹
94:52
I'll help you with that report as long as you buy me lunch.
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้™ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
94:58
So my offer to help you is conditional and I'll only help you if what if you buy me lunch,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†็งใฎ็”ณใ—ๅ‡บใฏๆกไปถไป˜ใใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใซๆ˜ผ้ฃŸใ‚’่ฒทใฃใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€
95:09
right?
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
95:10
That's the as long as as long as you buy me lunch, I'll help you with that report.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆ˜ผ้ฃŸใ‚’่ฒทใฃใฆใใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹้™ใ‚Š ใ€ใใฎๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
95:16
As long as you buy me lunch.
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ใŠๆ˜ผใ”้ฃฏใ‚’่ฒทใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใ€‚
95:18
Now again, think about changing that sentence structure.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
95:23
Hit pause and write the alternative sentence structure in the comments below.
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ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๅˆฅใฎๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ่พผใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
95:30
Did you get it as?
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ใจใ—ใฆใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
95:31
Long as you buy me lunch, I'll help you with that report.
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ๆ˜ผ้ฃŸใ‚’่ฒทใฃใฆใใฆใใ‚Œใ‚Œใฐใ€ ใใฎๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
95:35
To summarize, we have two great conjunctions as soon as which you can think of immediately
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่ฆ็ด„ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎ็›ดๅพŒใซๆ€ใ„ใคใ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ฐใƒฌใƒผใƒˆ ใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ as ๆ—ฉใใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š
95:43
after something, and we have as long as which is used to offer a condition.
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ใ€ๆกไปถใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ as long as ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
95:50
All right, now you know how to use as soon as and as long as confidently.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
95:56
Now you practice.
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ใ•ใ‚ใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใ€
95:57
Make sure you write one example with as soon as and one example with as long as in the
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as short as ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸไพ‹ใจ as long as ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸไพ‹ใ‚’ 1 ใคใšใคๆ›ธใ„ใฆ
96:04
comments below, and then change that to the other sentence structure so you get comfortable.
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ ๅˆฅใฎๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใฆใ€ๅฟซ้ฉใซ้Žใ”ใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
96:09
With.
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ใจใ€‚
96:10
Both of them.
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ไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚ใ€‚
96:11
You're doing amazing.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใญใ€‚
96:13
Let's keep going and talk about as well and as well as.
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็ถšใ‘ใฆใ€ๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€ใใ—ใฆๅŒๆง˜ใซใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
96:18
First, let's talk about as well as well is used when we add an additional piece of information.
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ใพใšใ€ as well ใฏ ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
96:28
You can think of it as the same as two.
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2ใคใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚‚ใฎใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
96:31
So let's say your friend says I have to go to the bank.
1540
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใŒ็งใซ้Š€่กŒใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
96:36
Now you.
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ไปŠใ‚ใชใŸใ€‚
96:37
Have.
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ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
96:38
To go to the bank, So you have to go to the bank.
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้Š€่กŒใซ่กŒใใซใฏใ€ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰้Š€่กŒใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
96:42
Your friend has to go to the bank.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใฏ้Š€่กŒใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
96:44
Hmm.
1545
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ใตใƒผใ‚€ใ€‚
96:45
So we can use.
1546
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ใใ‚Œใงไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
96:47
As well.
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ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚
96:48
So again, your friend says I have to go to the bank.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใพใŸใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใŒใ€้Š€่กŒใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
96:52
You can say I have to go as well as well.
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็งใ‚‚่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
96:57
So here is like saying two You both have to do the same action.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ 2 ใคใฎใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
97:02
Or let's say it's early in the morning and you go to your favorite cafe for a cup of
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ๆœๆ—ฉใใ€ ใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎใ‚ซใƒ•ใ‚งใซใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใซ่กŒใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ™
97:08
coffee.
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ใ€‚
97:09
So you order and you say I'll have a coffee, but then you notice those muffins look delicious.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆณจๆ–‡ใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใพใ™ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ใใฎใƒžใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒณใŒ็พŽๅ‘ณใ—ใใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
97:16
So then you add and a muffin as well as well, so you can add as well.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใƒžใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚‚่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ๅŒๆง˜ใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
97:23
I'll have a coffee and a muffin as well.
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ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใจใƒžใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚‚ใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ใ€‚
97:26
So we're adding as well our adverb to the end of a sentence.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚‚ ๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
97:32
Notice that sentence structure?
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ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
97:33
The placement is at the end of a sentence and it's used when we're adding an additional
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ใ“ใฎ้…็ฝฎใฏๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‚’่ฃœๅฎŒใ™ใ‚‹ ่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
97:39
point, a point that complements our first point.
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ใ€‚
97:43
Now, as well as is used in a different way, the meaning is more advanced, it's more of
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็พๅœจใงใฏใ€ๅˆฅใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใซใชใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š
97:50
an advanced grammar topic.
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้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆ–‡ๆณ•ใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใจใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
97:52
The meaning is not only Y but also X.
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏ Y ใ ใ‘ใงใชใ X ใ‚‚ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
97:59
OK, not only but also.
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OK ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใชใใ€ใพใŸใ€‚
98:02
For example, I have to go to the bank as well as.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใ‚‚้Š€่กŒใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
98:08
The.
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ใ€‚
98:09
Store as well as the store.
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ๅบ—ใ‚‚ๅบ—ใ‚‚ใ€‚
98:12
So notice not only Y but also X.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€Y ใ ใ‘ใงใชใ X ใซใ‚‚ๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใงใ€
98:17
Now notice how I'm saying not only Y but also X.
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็งใŒ Y ใ ใ‘ใงใชใ X ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏใ€
98:20
It's because we emphasize X.
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X ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
98:25
So in this case our X is bank and the Y.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€X ใฏ้Š€่กŒใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€Y ใฏ
98:29
Is.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
98:30
Store.
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ๅบ—ใ€‚
98:31
Now I'm emphasizing bank.
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ไปŠใฏ้Š€่กŒใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
98:35
I have to go to the bank as well as the store.
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ๅบ—ใ ใ‘ใงใชใ้Š€่กŒใซใ‚‚่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
98:40
Now let's compare that to a simple sentence with as well.
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ as well ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜็ด”ใชๆ–‡ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
98:44
I could say I have to go to the store and I have to go to the bank as well.
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ๅบ—ใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ—ใ€ ้Š€่กŒใซใ‚‚่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
98:53
So in this case I'm adding an additional place I need to go.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€่กŒใๅฟ…่ฆใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
98:58
Remember, our placement as well comes at the end of the sentence.
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้…็ฝฎใ‚‚ๆ–‡ใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซๆฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
99:02
Now the important thing to remember is in this case I'm not emphasizing 1 action over
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ใ“ใ“ใง่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไธ€ๆ–นใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ไป–ๆ–นใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ
99:09
the other, they're equal importance.
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้‡่ฆๆ€งใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
99:12
The bank, the store, they're equal.
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้Š€่กŒใ‚‚ใŠๅบ—ใ‚‚ๅนณ็ญ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
99:15
But when I use as well as, the bank is more important.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŒๅŒๆง˜ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€้Š€่กŒใฎๆ–นใŒ ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
99:20
It has more emphasis than the store.
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ๅบ—่ˆ—ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚้‡็‚นใ‚’็ฝฎใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅบ—ใ ใ‘
99:22
I have to go through the bank as well as the store.
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ใงใชใ้Š€่กŒใ‚‚้€šใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
99:26
Now notice the placement with as well as.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ ใจ ใฎ้…็ฝฎใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
99:29
We use as well as before the 2nd noun.
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2็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใซๅŒๆง˜ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
99:34
The store is our second noun as well as the store, but with as well.
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the store ใฏ the store ใจๅŒๆง˜ใซ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใŒ ใ€with ใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
99:41
It's simply at the end, the very end of the sentence.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใซๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใ€ใคใพใ‚Šๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
99:46
One more example showing both side by side.
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ไธกๆ–นใ‚’ไธฆในใฆ็คบใ™ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎไพ‹ใ€‚
99:49
Let's say I was at the mall yesterday and I could tell my friend I bought a sweater
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ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒขใƒผใƒซใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€ ๅ‹้”ใซใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผ
99:54
and AT shirt as well.
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ใจ AT ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใ‚‚่ฒทใฃใŸใจไผใˆใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
99:56
Remember as well, I'm just adding an additional item.
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่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎ้ …็›ฎใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
99:59
I bought a sweater and AT shirt as well.
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ใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใจATใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใ‚‚่ฒทใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
100:03
Now let's say I want to identify 2 qualities that the sweater has, but I want to emphasize
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใŒๆŒใค 2 ใคใฎๅ“่ณชใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ—ใŸใ„ใจใ—ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ไธ€ๆ–นใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ„ใจใ—ใพใ™
100:10
one over the other.
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ใ€‚
100:12
I could say the sweater is beautiful as well as comfortable.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใฏ็พŽใ—ใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใชใๅฟซ้ฉใ ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
100:17
So two items, Beautiful and comfortable.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็พŽใ—ใใฆๅฟซ้ฉใช2ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ†ใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
100:21
But I'm emphasizing beautiful.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏ็พŽใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
100:23
The sweater is beautiful as well as comfortable.
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ใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใฏ็พŽใ—ใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใชใๅฟซ้ฉใงใ™ใ€‚
100:27
So now you can see them side by side and understand how they're used differently.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไธฆในใฆ่กจ็คบใ—ใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
100:32
And of course it's your turn to practice.
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
100:35
So I want you to do the same thing.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใซใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
100:37
Give an example where first you can use as well, and then make a statement where you're
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ๆœ€ๅˆใซ as well ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ๆฌกใซ
100:43
identifying 2 characteristics or two items, 2 nouns, and you're emphasizing one, and use
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2 ใคใฎ็‰นๅพดใพใŸใฏ 2 ใคใฎ้ …็›ฎใ€ 2 ใคใฎๅ่ฉžใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ—ใ€ใใฎใ†ใกใฎ 1 ใคใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใ€
100:50
as well as.
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as like ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
100:51
So put your example in the comments below.
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ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซไพ‹ใ‚’่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
100:54
Amazing job, hit, pause, take a break if you need.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€ๆ‰“ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
100:57
And when you're ready, let's talk about as much as as much as can be used in two very
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆ 2 ใคใฎใพใฃใŸใ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใฎใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
101:05
different ways, depending on the context, and you're going to learn how to use both
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101:10
of these ways by the end of the video.
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ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใพใงใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ไธกๆ–นใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฎไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€‚
101:12
So here we go with meaning number one, you can use as much as when you have two different
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€1 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚2 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใจใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™
101:19
things and you.
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ใ€‚
101:20
Want to say that those?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
101:21
Two things.
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ไบŒใคใฎใ“ใจใ€‚ ใฏ
101:22
Are equal.
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ๅŒใ˜ใ€‚
101:24
In amount.
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้‡‘้ก็š„ใซใฏใ€‚
101:25
Or degree.
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ใพใŸใฏๅญฆไฝใ€‚
101:26
Let's take a look at an example sentence.
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ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
101:29
I deserve that promotion as much as she does.
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็งใ‚‚ๅฝผๅฅณใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใใฎๆ˜‡้€ฒใซๅ€คใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
101:33
As you can see in this example, we have two different things and we're talking about amount
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ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใงใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€2 ใคใฎ ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
101:42
the amount that I deserve the promotion.
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็งใŒๆ˜‡้€ฒใซๅ€คใ™ใ‚‹้‡‘้กใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
101:45
And what's the other amount, The amount that she deserves the promotion?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎ้‡‘้กใฏใ€ ๅฝผๅฅณใŒๆ˜‡้€ฒใซๅ€คใ™ใ‚‹้‡‘้กใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
101:52
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
101:53
So let's say the amount that she deserves the promotion is this much.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใŒๆ˜‡้€ฒใซๅ€คใ™ใ‚‹้‡‘้กใŒ ใ“ใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใ ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
101:58
Now.
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ไปŠใ€‚ ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘
102:00
If I want to use as much as, remember it's equal.
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ๅคšใไฝฟใ„ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€็ญ‰ใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
102:05
So she deserves the promotion this much.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ“ใ‚Œใปใฉๆ˜‡้€ฒใซๅ€คใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
102:08
I deserve the promotion this much it's equal.
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็งใฏใ“ใ‚ŒใจๅŒ็ญ‰ใฎๆ˜‡้€ฒใซๅ€คใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
102:12
I deserve the promotion as much as she does.
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็งใ‚‚ๅฝผๅฅณใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ˜‡้€ฒใซๅ€คใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
102:16
Let me give you another example and then I'll get you to try your own example sentence.
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใฎไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
102:22
OK?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ๏ผŸ
102:23
I could say that Jose participated in the conference as much as Maria did.
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ใƒ›ใ‚ปใ‚‚ใƒžใƒชใ‚ขใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„ไผš่ญฐใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
102:32
OK, so here we have amount of participation or the degree to which Maria participated
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ใ“ใ“ใซใฏใ€ใƒžใƒชใ‚ขใจใƒ›ใ‚ปใฎๅ‚ๅŠ ใฎ้‡ใพใŸใฏ็จ‹ๅบฆใŒ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™
102:42
and Jose participated, but you might just want to think of them in terms of amount.
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ใŒใ€ๅ˜ใซ้‡ใฎ่ฆณ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰่€ƒใˆใŸใปใ†ใŒใ‚ˆใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
102:47
So Jose participated in the conference this much.
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ใใ‚Œใงใƒ›ใ‚ปใฏไผš่ญฐใซใ“ใ‚Œใ ใ‘ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ ใ‘
102:51
I can't really make it different in sizes this much, and Maria participated in the conference
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ๅคงใใ•ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ— ใ€ใƒžใƒชใ‚ขใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ ใ‘ไผš่ญฐใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
102:58
this much.
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ใ€‚
103:00
They're equal.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅนณ็ญ‰ใ ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†
103:01
Let me give you one more example and I'll make it an easy example that everyone can
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1 ใคไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใ€ ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹็ฐกๅ˜ใชไพ‹ใซใ—ใพใ™
103:07
understand.
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ใ€‚
103:09
You ate as much cake as I did.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
103:14
OK, so we have the amount of cake that you ate, the amount of cake that I ate, and they
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OKใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ้ฃŸในใŸใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใฎ้‡ใจ็งใŒ้ฃŸในใŸใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใฎ้‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
103:23
are equal right?
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็ญ‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
103:26
Now look at the sentence structure.
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ๆฌกใซๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใŒ
103:29
What do you notice That's a little bit different here?
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ๅฐ‘ใ—้•ใ†ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ‹ ?
103:33
You.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ€‚
103:35
Ate as much.
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ใŸใใ•ใ‚“้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
103:37
Cake.
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ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ€‚
103:39
As I did so notice here I've added in the something.
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ใ“ใ“ใงๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
103:45
So ate is a verb, right?
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ate ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
103:48
But if I want to specify ATE.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ATEใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€‚
103:50
What?
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ไฝ•๏ผŸ
103:51
If I want to add the something.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€‚
103:54
Look at the.
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่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
103:55
Placement here as much something as OK, so that's when you're including a noun, and the
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ใ“ใ“ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’้…็ฝฎใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏOKใงใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
104:04
purpose of that just would be to specify ate.
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ใใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใฏateใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
104:07
What?
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ไฝ•๏ผŸ
104:09
I could leave out Cake, I can leave that something out and I could simply say I ate as much as
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ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’็œใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ—ใ€ใใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็œใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ—ใ€ ๅ˜ใซใ‚ใชใŸใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„้ฃŸในใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
104:15
you did.
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ใ€‚
104:16
Now the only difference here is that I'm specifying Cake right, But if Cake is on the table, it's
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏใ€Cake ใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€Cake ใŒใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซไธŠใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
104:23
obvious based on context that we're talking about Cake.
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ๆ–‡่„ˆใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใ€Cake ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚
104:27
I don't necessarily need to.
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
104:29
Include that.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‚ๅซใ‚ใฆใ€‚
104:30
That in the sentence, but I wanted you to be aware of that sentence structure when we
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ๆ–‡ไธญใงใฏใใ†ใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ ้š›ใซใฏๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ๆ„่ญ˜ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
104:34
include.
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ใ€‚
104:35
A.
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A.
104:36
Something so now you know how to use the first meaning of as much as and remember we have.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
104:44
2.
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2.
104:45
Things and they are equal in amount or degree.
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็‰ฉใจใใฎ้‡ใพใŸใฏ็จ‹ๅบฆใŒ็ญ‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
104:49
So now it's your turn to practice.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚’
104:53
I want you to think of an example using as much as and put your example in the comments.
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ไฝฟใฃใŸไพ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ€ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’
105:00
I think you can have a lot of fun thinking of an example for this one.
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่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใฎใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
105:04
So put your example in the comments.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซไพ‹ใ‚’่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
105:07
Did you get it in the comments?
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
105:09
OK, great.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
105:10
Now let's move on to meaning #2 as much as in our second meaning.
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ใงใฏใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใจๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณ #2 ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
105:16
You can think of it more in terms of, although regardless of or despite how much, that probably
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€้‡ใซ ้–ขไฟ‚ใชใใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ้‡ใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใชใใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใใ‚Œใปใฉ
105:26
doesn't give you much information, does it?
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ๅคšใใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใฏๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
105:29
So as always, it's easier to just see this in an example.
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ ไพ‹ใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ๆ–นใŒ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ–‡็ซ ใฎๅ†’้ ญใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ
105:34
I could say as much as I want to stay, I have to go notice here as much as is at the very
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็•™ใพใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ“ใ“ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
105:45
beginning of our sentence.
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ใ€‚
105:48
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
105:49
As much as I want to stay, I have to go now.
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ๆฎ‹ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎใซใ€ใ‚‚ใ†่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
105:54
You can think of this as although, although I want to stay, I have to go now.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ“ใซ ๆฎ‹ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ‘ใ‚Œใฉใ€ใ‚‚ใ†่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
106:03
What does this mean?
1685
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
106:04
Basically, we can think of them as two individual sentences.
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ 2 ใคใฎๅ€‹ๅˆฅใฎๆ–‡ใจใ—ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
106:08
I want to stay.
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็งใฏๆฎ‹ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ€‚
106:11
I have to go okay.
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซ่กŒใ‹ใชใใ‚ƒใ€‚
106:13
Those are two individual sentences, and then we're just combining them together using as
1689
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ 2 ใคใฎๅ€‹ๅˆฅใฎๆ–‡ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎ้‡ใ‚’ ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ตๅˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™
106:20
much as at the very beginning.
1690
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ใ€‚
106:22
There's an easy way that this will make sense for you, and that's by using.
1691
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
106:28
But you're most likely familiar with.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ˆใ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
106:30
But is one of the first transition words that students learn.
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But ใฏใ€็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซๅญฆใถ็งป่กŒๅ˜่ชžใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ ใ€‚
106:35
So you can think of this as I want to stay, but I have to go.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็งใฏใ“ใ“ใซๆฎ‹ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใŒใ€่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
106:42
That could be one way that you combine these two sentences into one using the transition
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€็งป่กŒ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ 1 ใคใซ็ตๅˆใ™ใ‚‹ 1 ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
106:48
word.
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ใ€‚
106:49
But okay.
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ใงใ‚‚ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€‚
106:50
And notice there's a contrast here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
106:52
I want to stay.
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็งใฏๆฎ‹ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ€‚
106:54
That's a positive, right?
1700
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ใใ‚Œใฏใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
106:56
I have to go.
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็งใฏ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
106:58
That's a negative.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
106:59
So when we use but there's always a positive and a negative.
1703
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€but ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ๅธธใซใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚น ใจใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใŒๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
107:04
Now we're using as much as in exactly the same way is simply the sentence structure
1704
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็พๅœจใ€ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ๆ–นๆณ•ใง as much ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
107:11
that's changing here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅ˜ใซๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใงใ™ใ€‚
107:12
So remember, we're using as much as at the very beginning of the sentence.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๅ†’้ ญใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„ๅคšใใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
107:17
As much as I want to stay.
1707
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ๅฑ…ใŸใ„ใใ‚‰ใ„ใ€‚
107:21
I have to go.
1708
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็งใฏ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
107:23
Another example.
1709
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎไพ‹ใ€‚
107:25
As much as I'd love to help you, I can't now.
1710
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ใœใฒใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ไปŠใฏใใ‚ŒใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
107:30
This is a very common way that we may decline to do something.
1711
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ–ญใ‚‹้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ ใ€‚
107:35
Politely.
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ไธๅฏงใซใ€‚
107:36
I'm letting you know I want to help you.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใŸใ„ใจไผใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
107:41
I can't help you.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
107:42
So we have that contrast, right?
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ใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
107:44
A positive.
1716
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ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
107:45
I want to help you, but then we have a negative.
1717
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
107:48
I can't help you.
1718
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
107:50
So we could combine those sentences with, but I want to help you, but I can't.
1719
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ€Œ but I want to help you, but I canโ€™tใ€ใจ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎๆ–นใŒ
107:57
That might be the more familiar structure to you.
1720
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้ฆดๆŸ“ใฟใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๆง‹้€ ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
108:00
So this is just an alternative way to form that.
1721
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใซใ™ใŽใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
108:04
And I'll be honest, it does sound more advanced using this structure.
1722
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ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใชใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
108:09
Now remember, as much as at the very beginning, as much as I want to help you, I can't.
1723
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ใ•ใฆใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้ ƒใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„ใ€ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€็งใซใฏใใ‚ŒใŒใงใใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
108:16
So when you hear as much as you know that there's going to be a contrast.
1724
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่žใใจใ€ ใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใŒ็”Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
108:25
So when someone says as much as I want to help you, even if they don't say the end part,
1725
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใŸใ„ใจใŸใใ•ใ‚“่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ ใ€ใŸใจใˆๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’่จ€ใ‚ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€
108:32
I know they're not going to help me because that's how we use as much as is with a contrast.
1726
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็งใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ็งใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใชใœใชใ‚‰ ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใŒๅฏพๆฏ”ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใฎใพใพไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
108:40
So just keep that in mind.
1727
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
108:41
It can be a polite way to decline doing something.
1728
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ–ญใ‚‹ไธๅฏงใชๆ–นๆณ•ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
108:45
For example, you could use it as a polite way to decline an invitation to a party.
1729
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใธใฎๆ‹›ๅพ…ใ‚’ๆ–ญใ‚‹ไธๅฏงใชๆ–นๆณ•ใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
108:51
Your friend invites you to a party and you can say, as much as I'd love to go, I can't.
1730
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ๅ‹้”ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซๆ‹›ๅพ…ใ—ใŸใจใใ€ ็งใฏ่กŒใใŸใ„ใ‘ใฉ่กŒใ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
108:59
So as much as I'd love to, that's the positive, right?
1731
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ
109:02
I want to go to the party, but then the negative is I can't.
1732
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ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ ่กŒใ‘ใชใ„ใฎใŒใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
109:06
I'm busy.
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็งใฏๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
109:07
I have to work, I have a deadline.
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ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ—ใ€็ท ใ‚ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
109:12
I don't have a way to get there.
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ใใ“ใซ่กŒใๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
109:14
Whatever the reason is, as much as I'd love to go, I can't.
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็†็”ฑใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ ่กŒใใŸใ„ใฎใซ่กŒใ‘ใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
109:20
So that could be a polite way to decline an invitation.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ‹›ๅพ…ใ‚’ๆ–ญใ‚‹ไธๅฏงใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
109:24
So now you try try using this advanced structure where you need a contrast okay and remember
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใซใ“ใฎ้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใฟใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„ใใฎ้…็ฝฎใ‚’ ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
109:31
that placement as much as is going to be at the very beginning.
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ใ€‚
109:35
So pause the video now if you need, think of your example and then leave it in the comments.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใ€ ไพ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
109:42
This is definitely an advanced structure that's going to make you sound very fluent and very
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใชใ้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆง‹้€ ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ้žๅธธใซๆตๆšขใง
109:48
advanced in English.
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้ซ˜ๅบฆใช่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
109:49
So you need need to practice this and I'm really excited to read your example in the
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆ ใงใ‚ใชใŸใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใฎใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆฅฝใ—ใฟใงใ™
109:54
comments.
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ใ€‚
109:55
So make sure you take the time to put your example in the comments so you remember how
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฟ…ใšๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซไพ‹ใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใ€
110:00
to use this structure.
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ใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใฎไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
110:02
Let's keep going, this is your last section.
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็ถšใ‘ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
110:05
Let's talk about as adjective, as this is a very common structure and we use this structure
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆง‹้€ ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
110:15
when you're comparing two things.
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2 ใคใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
110:19
So when I say two things, we need 2 nouns and they can be any nouns and we're comparing
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งใŒ 2 ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใใฏใ€2 ใคใฎๅ่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใฉใฎๅ่ฉžใงใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใใ€
110:27
them using an adjective or an adverb.
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใพใŸใฏๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
110:33
Now we use as adjective as when the two things that you're comparing are.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
110:42
Equal.
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็ญ‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
110:43
Let's take a look at an example now.
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ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
110:45
First of all, we.
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ใพใš็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€็งใŸใกใ€‚
110:46
Need two things.
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2ใคใฎใ“ใจใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
110:48
So let's just take a look.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
110:50
At 2 houses.
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2่ป’ใฎๅฎถใงใ€‚
110:52
I could say that this House is as.
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ใ“ใฎๅฎถใฏใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
110:56
Big as this house.
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ใ“ใฎๅฎถใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅคงใใ„ใ€‚
110:58
So in this example sentence, what's my adjective?
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ใ“ใฎไพ‹ๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€็งใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
111:06
Write the adjective down in the comments.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
111:08
OK, what's the adjective?
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OKใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
111:10
Big?
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ๅคงใใ„๏ผŸ
111:12
Of course big is our adjective.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๅคงใใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏ็งใŸใกใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
111:14
Now remember, we use the structure when the two items are comparable.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€2 ใคใฎ้ …็›ฎใŒๆฏ”่ผƒใงใใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
111:19
But what if they aren't?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ†ใงใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
111:23
Comparable what?
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ๅŒนๆ•ตใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
111:24
About.
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ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€‚
111:25
These.
1770
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ€‚
111:26
Two houses.
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ไบŒ่ป’ใฎๅฎถใ€‚
111:27
Now, in this case, I can simply make my verb negative.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅ˜็ด”ใซๅฆๅฎš็š„ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
111:32
So let's take a look at our original sentence.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅ…ƒใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
111:36
So remember, this was our original sentence when the houses were comparable.
1774
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎถใŒๆฏ”่ผƒใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใจใใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
111:40
Now they're not.
1775
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ไปŠใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
111:43
So what would I need to change in this sentence to make it negative?
1776
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฆๅฎšๆ–‡ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ?
111:48
Put your answer in the comments.
1777
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
111:51
I hope you know this one.
1778
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
111:53
I'm.
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็งใฏใ€‚
111:54
Sure you do.
1780
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็ขบใ‹ใซใใ†ใ ใญใ€‚
111:55
So I would simply need to take my verb and make that negative.
1781
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใซ่งฃ้‡ˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงๆธˆใฟใพใ™ ใ€‚
112:00
And in this case, I'm using the verb to be, so I would say this House isn't as big as
1782
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€beๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ใ“ใฎ่ญฐไผšใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใปใฉๅคงใใใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™
112:08
that helps.
1783
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ใ€‚
112:10
So in positive form, you're using the structure when 2.
1784
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๅฝขๅผใงใฏใ€2. ็‰ฉไบ‹ใฎใจใใซๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
112:13
Things.
1785
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ใ€‚
112:14
Are equal, but you can still use this when two things are not equal, but you need to
1786
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็ญ‰ใ—ใ„ใŒใ€ 2 ใคใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒ็ญ‰ใ—ใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€
112:20
make the verb negative.
1787
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅฆๅฎšใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
112:23
Let's take a look at another example.
1788
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
112:26
So I.
1789
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใซใฏ
112:27
Need two things.
1790
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2 ใคใฎใ“ใจใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
112:28
I'm going to use.
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ไฝฟใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
112:31
2.
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2.
112:32
Cars.
1793
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่ปŠใ€‚
112:33
I can say this BMW is as fast as this Lexus.
1794
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ใ“ใฎBMWใฏใ“ใฎใƒฌใ‚ฏใ‚ตใ‚นใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„้€Ÿใ„ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
112:40
So here, what's my adjective?
1795
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ€็งใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
112:42
Put it in the comments.
1796
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
112:45
What's the adjective?
1797
6765320
1980
ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
112:47
Fast.
1798
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1000
้€Ÿใ„ใ€‚
112:48
Now, of course we can use any adjective we want.
1799
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใฉใ‚“ใชๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
112:53
So let's think of some other examples of adjectives.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฎไป–ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้€Ÿใ„ใ€ใฎ
112:57
What other adjective could you use instead of fast?
1801
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซไป–ใซใฉใ‚“ใชๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ‹ ?
113:01
Hmm.
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ใตใƒผใ‚€ใ€‚
113:02
What do you think?
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ใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
113:03
Anything come to mind?
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ไฝ•ใ‹ๆ€ใ„ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
113:05
Put an example in the comments.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซไพ‹ใ‚’่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
113:08
Think of another adjective.
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ๅˆฅใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
113:10
You could use.
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ไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚
113:11
Well, I could talk about money and say that this BMW is as expensive.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ใ“ใฎ BMW ใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„้ซ˜ไพกใ ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
113:18
Expensive is the adjective that deals with money.
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้ซ˜ไพกใจใฏใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ‰ฑใ†ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ ใ€‚
113:21
This BMW is as expensive as this Lexus.
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ใ“ใฎBMWใฏใ“ใฎใƒฌใ‚ฏใ‚ตใ‚นใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„้ซ˜ไพกใงใ™ใ€‚
113:27
Perhaps I could say this BMW is as nice.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ“ใฎBMWใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
113:30
As this.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚
113:32
Lexus So what adjective did you use in the Commons?
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ใƒฌใ‚ฏใ‚ตใ‚น ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ณใƒขใƒณใ‚บใงใฏใฉใ‚“ใชๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ ๏ผŸ
113:37
Now of course, if these two cars are not comparable in terms of speed, then I can simply make
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ๅฐใฎ่ปŠใŒ้€Ÿๅบฆใฎ็‚นใงๆฏ”่ผƒใงใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ๅ˜ใซ
113:45
our verb negative and I can say this BMW isn't as fast as.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใซใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ“ใฎ BMW ใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉ้€Ÿใใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
113:51
This Lexus.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใ‚ฏใ‚ตใ‚นใ€‚
113:54
And again, I can use any adjective.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใฉใ‚“ใชๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ‚‚ไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
113:56
All right, so now it's your turn to practice.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏๅ›ใŒ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹็•ชใ ใ€‚
114:00
I'm going to give you 2 images, and I want you to form a positive sentence using as adjective.
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็”ปๅƒใ‚’2ใคใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟใฃใฆ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†
114:10
As So here are your two gardens.
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ใ“ใจใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎ 2 ใคใฎๅบญๅœ’ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
114:14
Gardens.
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ๅบญๅœ’ใ€‚
114:15
Now what sentence?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใฎๆ–‡ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
114:16
Could you use?
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ไฝฟใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
114:17
This garden.
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ใ“ใฎๅบญๅœ’ใ€‚
114:18
This garden.
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ใ“ใฎๅบญๅœ’ใ€‚
114:19
So take your time, as much time as you need.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
114:24
Think about an adjective and put it in the comments below.
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ€ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
114:28
Make sure you do this.
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ๅฟ…ใšใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
114:29
You need to practice this.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
114:32
Did you get it in the comments?
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
114:34
So of course the first adjective that came to my mind was beautiful.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝ“็„ถใฎใ“ใจใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซ้ ญใซๆตฎใ‹ใ‚“ใ ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฏใ€Œ ็พŽใ—ใ„ใ€ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
114:38
We could also have pretty colorful, lush, well maintained, and maybe some other adjectives.
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ใ‹ใชใ‚Šใ‚ซใƒฉใƒ•ใƒซใ€็ท‘่ฑŠใ‹ใ€ ใ‚ˆใๆ‰‹ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใชใฉใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
114:47
So I'm.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
114:48
Looking forward to seeing what.
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ไฝ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใงใ™ใ€‚
114:50
You had in the comments.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚
114:52
Now as a final exercise, I want you to take your example and make it negative.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใจใ—ใฆใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
114:59
OK, that should be pretty easy for you.
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OKใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใชใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
115:02
By now.
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ไปŠ้ ƒใ€‚
115:03
So using beautiful, I would simply say this garden isn't as beautiful as that garden.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็พŽใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ ๅบญใฏใ‚ใฎๅบญใปใฉ็พŽใ—ใใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
115:12
Now I wanted to make this video because in a previous lesson I covered as much as and
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŒใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใฎใฏใ€ ๅ‰ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใ€
115:20
in the comments I noticed that there were some questions or that there was some confusion
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใฎไธญใงใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ ่ณชๅ•ใ‚„ๆททไนฑใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
115:26
and students were using as much as when they should have been using as adjective.
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็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใŒๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ในใใจใใซใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๅคšใไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚
115:33
As.
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ใจใ—ใฆใ€‚
115:34
For example, let's take out this comment from my awesome student Buddha.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„็”Ÿๅพ’ใƒ–ใƒƒใƒ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
115:38
Now Buddha wrote this example but had a couple question marks at the end.
1845
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใƒ–ใƒƒใƒ€ใฏใ“ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ็–‘ๅ•็ฌฆใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
115:45
So Buddha wasn't sure, and it's good that you guessed or that you weren't sure because
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒ–ใƒƒใƒ€ใฏ็ขบไฟกใŒๆŒใฆใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€็ขบไฟกใŒๆŒใฆใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™
115:50
there is something a little bit off about this.
1847
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ใ€‚
115:54
Comment.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ€‚
115:55
So Buddha said you are beautiful as much as me.
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ใใ‚Œใงไป้™€ใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„็พŽใ—ใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸ ใ€‚
116:00
Hmm.
1850
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ใตใƒผใ‚€ใ€‚
116:01
Now here we definitely need the as adjective, as we use as much as when we're comparing
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€2 ใคใฎ้‡‘้กใ‚’ ๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ as much as ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€as ใจใ„ใ†ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใŒๅฟ…ใšๅฟ…่ฆใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
116:11
2 amounts.
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ใ€‚
116:13
But in that case, with as much as there isn't an adjective involved, you're simply dealing
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฏๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ๅ˜ใซๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆ‰ฑใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
116:20
with the verb.
1854
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ใ€‚
116:21
OK, so you can review that video on as much as but here in Buddha's comment.
1855
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OKใ€ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ใƒ–ใƒƒใƒ€ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
116:26
How?
1856
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ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ๏ผŸ
116:27
Can we take this comment and change it so it's grammatically correct, using as adjective
1857
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใฃใฆใ€ ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซๆญฃใ—ใใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใฆใ€
116:34
as so take as much time as you need and then put your answer in the comments.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใงใใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
116:41
So were you able to correct Buddha's comments here?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใƒ–ใƒƒใƒ€ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใงใใพใ—ใŸใ‹ ๏ผŸ
116:45
The.
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ใ€‚
116:46
Correct comment would be you're as beautiful as me, you're as beautiful.
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ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ็งใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„็พŽใ—ใ„ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„็พŽใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
116:53
As.
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ใจใ—ใฆใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆง‹้€ ใจใ—ใฆ
116:54
Me because we need to use our as adjective as structure in this case.
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ ใ€‚
117:00
First, let's talk about the difference between during and and while.
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ใพใšใ€while ใจ while ใฎ้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
117:05
Ultimately, they have the same meaning, but their sentence structure is different, so
1865
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็ตๅฑ€ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใŒใ€ ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ“
117:12
that's the important thing to keep in mind.
1866
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ใซ็•™ๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
117:14
So let's begin with during.
1867
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไธญใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ไธ€ๅฎšๆœŸ้–“ใซใ‚ใŸใฃใฆ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹
117:15
We use during to talk about something that happens over a period of time.
1868
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€while ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
117:21
So there's this event taking place over a period of time, and then something happens.
1869
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ใ“ใฎใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใŒไธ€ๅฎšๆœŸ้–“ใซใ‚ใŸใฃใฆ็™บ็”Ÿใ— ใ€ใใฎๅพŒไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
117:27
It happens at one point during that time.
1870
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ใใฎไธญใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚็‚นใงใใ‚Œใฏ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
117:30
It can also even last for a longer period, as during that period of time.
1871
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ใพใŸใ€ ใใฎๆœŸ้–“ไธญใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้•ทๆœŸ้–“็ถšใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
117:38
So for example, I could say my phone rang during the movie.
1872
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใฎไธŠๆ˜ ไธญใซๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใŒ้ณดใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
117:45
So of course a movie has a start and it ends about two hours, right?
1873
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ๅฝ“็„ถใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใซใฏๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใจ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ็ด„ 2 ๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
117:50
So the movie's going on and on and on, and then at some point from the start of the movie
1874
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใฏๅปถใ€…ใจ็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ ๆ˜ ็”ปใฎๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใ‹ใ‚‰
117:55
to the end of the movie, my phone rang.
1875
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใงใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚็‚นใงใ€็งใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใŒ้ณดใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
117:58
It could have been at the beginning, the middle, the end.
1876
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆœ€ๅˆใ€ไธญ้–“ใ€ ๆœ€ๅพŒใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
118:01
We really don't know.
1877
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
118:03
But I want you to notice the sentence structure.
1878
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
118:06
My phone rang during the movie.
1879
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใฎๆœ€ไธญใซ้›ป่ฉฑใŒ้ณดใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
118:09
So what?
1880
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝ•๏ผŸ
118:10
Is the.
1881
7090739
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€‚
118:11
Movie in terms of parts of speech.
1882
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ๅ“่ฉž็š„ใซใฏๆ˜ ็”ปใ€‚
118:14
Is it a verb?
1883
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
118:15
An adjective?
1884
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉž๏ผŸ
118:16
A noun?
1885
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ๅ่ฉž๏ผŸ
118:17
An adverb?
1886
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ๅ‰ฏ่ฉž๏ผŸ
118:18
What is it?
1887
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ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
118:19
It's a noun.
1888
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
118:20
A noun.
1889
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ๅ่ฉžใ€‚
118:21
And that's the important thing to keep in mind.
1890
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŒๅฟƒใซ็•™ใ‚ใฆใŠใในใ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚
118:22
We use during plus noun, during plus noun.
1891
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ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นๅ่ฉžใฎ้–“ใ€ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นๅ่ฉžใฎ้–“ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
118:27
So remember that because that's important.
1892
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ๅคงไบ‹ใชใ“ใจใชใฎใง่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
118:29
When we talk about while while it used to talk about something that happens at the same
1893
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while ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไปฅๅ‰ใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ไป–ใฎใ“ใจใจ ๅŒๆ™‚ใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
118:36
time as something else.
1894
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ใ€‚
118:39
So just like during, we have one action that's taking place with a start and an end, and
1895
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€while ใจๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€ ้–‹ๅง‹ใจ็ต‚ไบ†ใ‚’ไผดใ† 1 ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใ€
118:45
then while another action will happen at some point as well.
1896
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ใใฎๅพŒใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚็‚นใงๅˆฅใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚‚็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
118:51
Now, it can happen for a period of time, it can be shorter or longer, but it has to happen
1897
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธ€ๅฎšๆœŸ้–“็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚ˆใ‚Š ็Ÿญใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚้•ทใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
118:57
between the start and the end of another action.
1898
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ๅˆฅใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎ้–‹ๅง‹ใจ็ต‚ไบ†ใฎ้–“ใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
119:02
So if you're thinking, well, that sounds exactly the same as during, because with during we
1899
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€while ใจใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ while ใงใฏ
119:07
had a start and an end, and then an action happens.
1900
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้–‹ๅง‹ใจ็ต‚ไบ†ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎๅพŒใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒ ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
119:11
You're right, the meaning is basically the same, OK?
1901
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
119:15
But it's the sentence structure that's different.
1902
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€้•ใ†ใฎใฏๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใงใ™ใ€‚
119:18
So listen to this example.
1903
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
119:21
My phone rang while I was watching the movie.
1904
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใŒ้ณดใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
119:27
My phone rang while I was watching the movie.
1905
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใŒ้ณดใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
119:31
Comparing that to during, my phone rang during the movie.
1906
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ใใ‚Œใจๆฏ”ในใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใฎไธŠๆ˜ ไธญใซๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใŒ้ณดใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
119:35
So we already know that during we need a noun, with while we use a clause, so we need a subject,
1907
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€while ใซใฏๅ่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ€with while ใซใฏๅฅใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ไธป่ชžใ€
119:42
a verb, and then an object.
1908
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€็›ฎ็š„่ชžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
119:43
So you can think of it as a sentence.
1909
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ–‡ใจใ—ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŒๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้–“ใ€ไธป่ชžใจ
119:46
My phone rang while subject I then verb was watching the object the movie while I was
1910
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ้›ป่ฉฑใŒ้ณดใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
119:54
watching the movie.
1911
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ใ€‚
119:56
I can't say while.
1912
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ใใฎ้–“ใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
119:58
The.
1913
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1000
ใ€‚
119:59
Movie I can't.
1914
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใ€Œใงใใชใ„ใ€ ใจ
120:00
Say that.
1915
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1000
่จ€ใ†ใ€‚ ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’
120:01
And I can't say during I was watching the movie, I cannot say that either.
1916
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่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้–“ใฏ่จ€ใˆใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ— ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
120:06
So basically it's the same meaning, it's just different sentence structures.
1917
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
120:10
That will tell.
1918
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
120:11
You which one you want to use?
1919
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
120:14
If you're using a noun, it's during.
1920
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ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€during ใงใ™ใ€‚
120:16
If you're using a clause or a sentence, then it's wild.
1921
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็ฏ€ใ‚„ๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใƒฏใ‚คใƒซใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
120:20
So now it's your turn to practice.
1922
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎ
120:23
I want you to leave 2 examples in the comments below, one with during and one with wild.
1923
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซไพ‹ใ‚’ 2 ใคๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚1 ใคใฏๆœ€ไธญใฎไพ‹ใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฏใƒฏใ‚คใƒซใƒ‰ใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
120:29
Are you ready for your quiz?
1924
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
120:30
Hit, pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the
1925
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ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ
120:36
answers, let's continue on and talk about the difference between the present simple
1926
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚่ฉฑใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใฆใ€ๅ˜็ด” ็พๅœจๅฝข
120:49
and the present continuous.
1927
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ใจ็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฎ้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
120:50
This is a mistake that I see students making quite a lot, and this is a mistake that I
1928
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒใ‚ˆใ็Šฏใ™้–“้•ใ„ใงใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€
120:56
see my advanced students make.
1929
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ไธŠ็ดšใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ็Šฏใ™้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
120:59
Now you need to keep in mind that when you use a different verb tense, the meaning changes.
1930
7259390
7180
ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใจๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ็•™ๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
121:06
So when I hear I live in Paris and the present simple that is different from I'm living in
1931
7266570
9570
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใƒ‘ใƒชใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจใ€Œ ็งใฏใƒ‘ใƒชใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚‹็พๅœจๅฝขใ‚’่žใใจ
121:16
Paris, the meaning is different and I'm going to interpret them differently simply because
1932
7276140
7329
ใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใ€ ๅ˜ใซ
121:23
of the verb tense you use.
1933
7283469
2261
ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎใ›ใ„ใงใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็•ฐใชใ‚‹่งฃ้‡ˆใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
121:25
Now our present simple, I live in Paris.
1934
7285730
3710
ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฎ็พๅœจใฏๅ˜็ด”ใงใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏใƒ‘ใƒชใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
121:29
Of course, to form the present simple we just take our base verb, which is the infinitive
1935
7289440
5570
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ ๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใคใพใ‚Š
121:35
without two.
1936
7295010
1010
2 ใคใ‚’้™คใ„ใŸไธๅฎš่ฉžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
121:36
Remember, we need to conjugate this with our subject, so if it was she, it would be she
1937
7296020
5190
่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไธป้กŒใจ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฝผๅฅณใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ
121:41
lives in Paris.
1938
7301210
2520
ใƒ‘ใƒชใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
121:43
OK, now we use the present simple for routines like I'm sure you know, but we also use the
1939
7303730
6900
OKใ€ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใ‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใƒซใƒผใƒใƒณใซใฏ็พๅœจๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใŒใ€
121:50
present simple when we're talking about permanent situations.
1940
7310630
4410
ๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใช็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚‚็พๅœจๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
121:55
Or you can think of them as simply facts.
1941
7315040
3240
ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ไบ‹ๅฎŸใจใ—ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
121:58
So when I hear someone say I live in Paris, I see this as a permanent situation.
1942
7318280
7780
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ็งใŒใƒ‘ใƒชใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’่žใใจใ€ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใช็Šถๆณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
122:06
I live in Paris, I live in Paris today and I'm going to be living in Paris.
1943
7326060
6030
็งใฏใƒ‘ใƒชใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใ‚‚ใƒ‘ใƒชใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚‚ ใƒ‘ใƒชใซไฝใ‚€ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
122:12
For the future.
1944
7332090
1680
ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€‚
122:13
As well, it's a permanent situation.
1945
7333770
3360
ใพใŸใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใช็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ€‚
122:17
Now let's take a look at our next sentence.
1946
7337130
2360
ใงใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
122:19
I'm living in Paris.
1947
7339490
2540
็งใฏใƒ‘ใƒชใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
122:22
So this.
1948
7342030
1000
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใ€‚
122:23
Is in the present continuous.
1949
7343030
1560
็พๅœจ็ถ™็ถšไธญใงใ™ใ€‚
122:24
Now of course we form the present continuous with the verb to be conjugated with our subject.
1950
7344590
6310
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ไธป่ชžใจๆดป็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใง็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
122:30
So I'm living, she is She's living, conjugated with our subject, and then we need our verb
1951
7350900
8069
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็งใฏ็”Ÿใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็”Ÿใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ไธป่ชžใจๆดป็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ€
122:38
in ING form.
1952
7358969
1811
ING ๅฝขๅผใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
122:40
She's living.
1953
7360780
1660
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็”Ÿใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
122:42
I'm living now.
1954
7362440
2420
็งใฏไปŠ็”Ÿใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
122:44
We use the present continuous for situations taking place right now, right?
1955
7364860
5859
็งใŸใกใฏไปŠ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹็Šถๆณใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ
122:50
But we also use the present continuous for temporary situations.
1956
7370719
6891
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใช็Šถๆณใงใ‚‚็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
122:57
So when I hear I'm living in Paris.
1957
7377610
2890
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใƒ‘ใƒชใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่žใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚
123:00
I think.
1958
7380500
1260
็งใฏๆ€ใ†ใ€‚
123:01
Of this as a temporary situation.
1959
7381760
3790
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใช็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ€‚
123:05
So I think you're living in Paris right now, but you don't expect to be living in Paris
1960
7385550
7149
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไปŠใƒ‘ใƒชใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅใƒ‘ใƒชใซไฝใ‚€ใจใฏๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใญ
123:12
in the future.
1961
7392699
1781
ใ€‚
123:14
When in the future, Well, that isn't clear.
1962
7394480
4080
ๅฐ†ๆฅใ„ใคใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
123:18
But when I hear it, I think of it as a temporary situation.
1963
7398560
5700
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่žใใจใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใช็Šถๆณใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
123:24
And this is a big difference if you live in Paris permanently or you live in Paris temporarily,
1964
7404260
7350
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ใƒ‘ใƒชใซๆฐธไฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใซใƒ‘ใƒชใซไฝใ‚€ใ‹ใงใฏๅคงใใช้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆ
123:31
right?
1965
7411610
1000
ใญ๏ผŸ
123:32
Because you can imagine if you go to a job interview and then you say to the interviewer,
1966
7412610
7820
ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฐฑ่ทใฎ้ขๆŽฅใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€ ้ขๆŽฅๅฎ˜ใซใ€Œ
123:40
I'm living in Paris, well, they might not think that you're going to be in the city
1967
7420430
6419
็งใฏใƒ‘ใƒชใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใƒ‘ใƒชใซ้•ทใๆปžๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใชใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
123:46
for very long.
1968
7426849
1480
ใ€‚
123:48
So they might not consider you as an applicant because they want somebody who's going to
1969
7428329
5000
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅฟœๅ‹Ÿ่€…ใจใ—ใฆ่€ƒๆ…ฎใ—ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
123:53
be in the position for a long time, but you are only going to be in the city temporarily,
1970
7433329
6721
้•ทๆœŸใซใ‚ใŸใฃใฆใใฎ่ทใซๅฐฑใไบบใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใซใใฎ้ƒฝๅธ‚ใซๆปžๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ
124:00
right?
1971
7440050
1000
๏ผŸ
124:01
So that could have a really big impact.
1972
7441050
2250
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅคงใใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
124:03
Or same thing if you're on a date and you're talking to a potential romantic partner but
1973
7443300
8300
ใพใŸใฏใ€ใƒ‡ใƒผใƒˆไธญใซ ใƒญใƒžใƒณใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใชใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆใƒŠใƒผๅ€™่ฃœใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€
124:11
you say I'm living in Paris.
1974
7451600
2200
็งใŒใƒ‘ใƒชใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
124:13
Well, they might think, well, it's not worthwhile to pursue this relationship because she's
1975
7453800
5549
ใพใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ ๅฝผๅฅณใŒๅฐ†ๆฅๅผ•ใฃ่ถŠใ™ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚’่ฟฝๆฑ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏไพกๅ€คใŒใชใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
124:19
going to be moving in the future.
1976
7459349
3241
ใ€‚
124:22
So there's a big difference in meaning between these two sentences.
1977
7462590
4779
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใซๅคงใใช้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
124:27
So keep in mind we use the present simple for a permanent situation and the present
1978
7467369
6620
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใช็Šถๆณใซใฏๅ˜็ด”็พๅœจๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€
124:33
continuous for a temporary situation.
1979
7473989
4011
ไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใช็Šถๆณใซใฏ็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
124:38
So now it's your turn to practice.
1980
7478000
2290
ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
124:40
I want you to put in the comments one sentence in the present simple.
1981
7480290
4710
ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ็พๅœจใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใชไธ€ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใปใ—ใ„ใงใ™ ใ€‚
124:45
That's a permanent situation, and one sentence in the present continuous.
1982
7485000
5550
ใใ‚Œใฏๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใช็Šถๆณใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฎไธ€ๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
124:50
That's a temporary situation.
1983
7490550
2020
ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใช็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ€‚
124:52
Are you ready for your quiz?
1984
7492570
1560
ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
124:54
Hit, pause.
1985
7494130
1170
ใƒ’ใƒƒใƒˆใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ€‚
124:55
Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
1986
7495300
11930
ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ€ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
125:07
Let's move on and talk about the difference between was and were.
1987
7507230
4380
ๆฌกใซใ€was ใจ were ใฎ้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
125:11
Now, of course, both was and were are the past forms of the verb.
1988
7511610
6500
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€was ใจ were ใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
125:18
To.
1989
7518110
1000
ใซใ€‚
125:19
Be and we use was and were in different grammatical structures.
1990
7519110
4950
be ใจ we ใฏใ€was ใจ were ใ‚’็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๆณ•ๆง‹้€ ใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
125:24
In English.
1991
7524060
1260
่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ€‚
125:25
The most common time you'll see was or were is in the past simple.
1992
7525320
5899
ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชใ€Œใ ใฃใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ ใฃใŸใ€ ใงใ™ใ€‚
125:31
So let's just take a present statement.
1993
7531219
3681
ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€็พๅœจใฎๅฃฐๆ˜Žใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
125:34
Let's use to be late.
1994
7534900
2529
้…ๅˆปใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆ…ฃใ‚ŒใฆใŠใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
125:37
So here we have the verb to be to be late.
1995
7537429
4201
ใ“ใ“ใซ้…ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
125:41
Now if I want to make a sentence in the past, for example yesterday, yesterday, I now I
1996
7541630
9150
้ŽๅŽปใ€ ใŸใจใˆใฐๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚ŠใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใฏ
125:50
take my verb to be and I need to conjugate this in the past.
1997
7550780
5770
ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ be ใจใ—ใฆๆ‰ฑใ„ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’้ŽๅŽปใงๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
125:56
There are two different choices, Was or were.
1998
7556550
4100
ใ‚ใฃใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚ใฃใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ† 2 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
126:00
Your choice depends on the subject.
1999
7560650
3710
้ธๆŠžใฏไธป้กŒใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
126:04
So in order to know which one you need was or were you simply look at your subject.
2000
7564360
6900
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ ๅ˜ใซ่ขซๅ†™ไฝ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
126:11
Yesterday I the subject is I yesterday I was late, yesterday I was.
2001
7571260
11850
ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฎ็งใฏไธป่ชžใŒ็งใงใ™ใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅ็งใฏ ้…ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅ็งใฏ้…ๅˆปใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
126:23
Late.
2002
7583110
1000
้…ใ„ใ€‚
126:24
Yesterday you you.
2003
7584110
1480
ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฎใ‚ใชใŸใ€‚
126:25
Were.
2004
7585590
1000
ใ ใฃใŸใ€‚
126:26
Yesterday.
2005
7586590
1000
ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€‚
126:27
You.
2006
7587590
1000
ใ‚ใชใŸใ€‚
126:28
Were late.
2007
7588590
1220
้…ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
126:29
Yesterday she was late.
2008
7589810
4740
ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้…ๅˆปใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
126:34
Yesterday he was late it was.
2009
7594550
4240
ๆ˜จๆ—ฅๅฝผใฏ้…ๅˆปใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
126:38
Late.
2010
7598790
1020
้…ใ„ใ€‚
126:39
So notice ** *** it.
2011
7599810
1119
ใใ‚Œใงใ€****ใใ‚Œใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
126:40
Those are our three options for the third person singular subject.
2012
7600929
6161
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไธ‰ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐใฎไธป่ชžใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ 3 ใคใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใงใ™ ใ€‚
126:47
The third person singular is conjugated with was yesterday we we were late and yesterday
2013
7607090
11160
ไธ‰ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐใŒๆดป็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฎๆˆ‘ใ€…ใฏ้…ๅˆปใ—ใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฎ
126:58
they they were late.
2014
7618250
3620
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้…ๅˆปใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
127:01
So you can see that this subject's I and third person singular use was this subject, you,
2015
7621870
10209
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎไธป่ชžใฎ I ใŠใ‚ˆใณ ไธ‰ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฎไฝฟ็”จใฏใ€ใ“ใฎไธป่ชžใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ€
127:12
we and they.
2016
7632079
2151
็งใŸใกใ€ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
127:14
Use were.
2017
7634230
1820
ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
127:16
That's what you need to remember.
2018
7636050
1930
ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
127:17
So pause the video now.
2019
7637980
1600
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ไปŠใ™ใใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’
127:19
Take as much time as you need to memorize this.
2020
7639580
3400
ๆš—่จ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
127:22
You simply need to memorize this.
2021
7642980
3980
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆš—่จ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงๅๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
127:26
Now the same.
2022
7646960
1400
ไปŠใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
127:28
Rule.
2023
7648360
1000
ใƒซใƒผใƒซใ€‚ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–‡ๆณ•ๆง‹้€ ใง
127:29
Applies when we use the verb to be in the past in different grammatical structures.
2024
7649360
6690
be ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’้ŽๅŽปใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ้ฉ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
127:36
So this example was using the past simple.
2025
7656050
4280
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใงใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
127:40
Now we also use.
2026
7660330
2030
ไปŠใงใฏ็งใŸใกใ‚‚ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
127:42
The.
2027
7662360
1000
ใ€‚
127:43
Verb to be in the past with the past continuous.
2028
7663360
4750
้ŽๅŽป้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใง้ŽๅŽปใซใชใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚
127:48
The past continuous is formed with subject was or were.
2029
7668110
5940
้ŽๅŽป้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฏไธป่ชž was ใพใŸใฏ were ใงๅฝขๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
127:54
Your choice depends on your subject right And then your verb in ING form.
2030
7674050
6879
้ธๆŠžใฏไธป่ชžใ€ ใใ—ใฆ ING ๅฝขๅผใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆฑบใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
128:00
I could say yesterday I was running late.
2031
7680929
5790
ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏ้…ๅˆปใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
128:06
We we were, we were running late.
2032
7686719
5431
็งใŸใกใฏใใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ€็งใŸใกใฏ้…ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
128:12
He he was running late.
2033
7692150
3969
ๅฝผใฏ้…ๅˆปใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚
128:16
They they were running late.
2034
7696119
3210
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้…ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
128:19
So it's the same rules that we just covered.
2035
7699329
3241
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ…ˆใปใฉ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใƒซใƒผใƒซใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
128:22
That doesn't change even though.
2036
7702570
1710
ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
128:24
We're.
2037
7704280
1000
ใ ใฃใŸใ€‚
128:25
Using a different grammatical structure, this time it's the past continuous.
2038
7705280
5339
ๅˆฅใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ ไปŠๅ›žใฏ้ŽๅŽป้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
128:30
Now we also use the verb to be in the past, so was or were depending on the subject in
2039
7710619
7961
็พๅœจใงใฏใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎไธป่ชžใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ be ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
128:38
the passive voice.
2040
7718580
2519
ใ€‚
128:41
So let's take an active sentence and I could say the present surprised mean, The present
2041
7721099
7921
ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€่ƒฝๅ‹•็š„ใชๆ–‡ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€Œ ็พๅœจ้ฉšใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ€ใ€Œ็พๅœจ
128:49
surprised mean.
2042
7729020
2140
้ฉšใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
128:51
Now I can take this active voice and I can turn it into the passive.
2043
7731160
5480
ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใฎ่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
128:56
And I would say what?
2044
7736640
1780
ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
128:58
Well, you guys tell me.
2045
7738420
2630
ใ•ใฆใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ
129:01
I'm going to give you a second, and I want you to write it in the comments.
2046
7741050
4410
ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
129:05
What's the passive form of this active sentence?
2047
7745460
4350
ใ“ใฎ่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ–‡ใฎๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
129:09
Hmm.
2048
7749810
1000
ใตใƒผใ‚€ใ€‚
129:10
Write it in the comments.
2049
7750810
4420
ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใง
129:15
So did you get it?
2050
7755230
3989
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
129:19
I was surprised.
2051
7759219
1621
็งใฏใณใฃใใ‚Šใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
129:20
I was surprised by the present.
2052
7760840
4660
ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใซใฏ้ฉšใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
129:25
I was surprised by this present.
2053
7765500
3349
ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใซใฏ้ฉšใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
129:28
But now let's say the active form used a different pronoun and it was The present surprised us.
2054
7768849
7651
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ“ใ“ใงใ€่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใŒๅˆฅใฎไปฃๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ‚’้ฉšใ‹ใ›ใŸ็พๅœจใ€ใ ใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
129:36
OK, what would that be?
2055
7776500
1700
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
129:38
Now the present surprised us.
2056
7778200
2310
ใ•ใฆใ€็พๅœจใฏ็งใŸใกใ‚’้ฉšใ‹ใ›ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
129:40
What would that be in the passive form?
2057
7780510
2720
ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใฏไฝ•ใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
129:43
So you guys tell me, Write it down in the comments.
2058
7783230
3810
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
129:47
The present surprised us.
2059
7787040
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ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใฏ็งใŸใกใ‚’้ฉšใ‹ใ›ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
129:48
What would that be in the passive voice?
2060
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ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใฏไฝ•ใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
129:52
That would be we.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
129:53
We is now the subject.
2062
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ไปŠใฏ็งใŸใกใŒไธปไฝ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
129:57
So I need to think, do I need was or were?
2063
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ใใ“ใง่€ƒใˆใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใฃใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚ใฃใŸใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹โ€‹โ€‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
130:00
Well, remember it depends on the subject we we use were we were surprised by the present.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใŒ็พๅœจใซ้ฉšใ„ใŸใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ไธป้กŒใซไพๅญ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
130:11
To summarize, the choice between was or were depends on the subject we use was.
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่ฆ็ด„ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€was ใจ were ใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏใ€ ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ไธป้กŒใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
130:18
With.
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ใจใ€‚
130:19
The subjects I, or third person singular, ** *** it, we use were with subjects you,
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ไธป่ชž I (ไธ‰ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐ) ** *** itใ€we ใฏใ€ไธป่ชž youใ€weใ€they ใจใจใ‚‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ€
130:28
we, and they, and was and where are used in the past form of the verb to be.
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was ใจ where ใฏ be ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
130:35
This is most commonly found in the past simple, past continuous and passive voice.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปใ€็ถ™็ถš้ŽๅŽปใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
130:42
And now you know how to use was or were so you won't be confused.
2070
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€was ใพใŸใฏ were ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ ๆททไนฑใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
130:48
Are you ready for your quiz?
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
130:49
Hit, pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the
2072
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ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ
130:59
answers.
2073
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
131:03
Let's move on and talk about the difference between you and me or you and I.
2074
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ๆฌกใซใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใจ็งใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใจ็งใฎ้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
131:08
Now, the easiest, the absolute easiest way to know which one you need to use is always
2075
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใงๆœ€ใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€ๅธธใซ
131:16
drop the you or drop the other person involved and just ask yourself in this sentence, do
2076
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅ‰Š้™คใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€้–ขไฟ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ไป–ใฎไบบใ‚’ๅ‰Š้™คใ—ใฆ ใ€ใŸใ ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ€
131:26
I need me or I?
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็งใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚็งใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ‹?
131:29
Because when you answer that question in every scenario, all you need to do is then add in
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ใ‚ทใƒŠใƒชใ‚ชใงใใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใจใใฏ ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใง
131:37
the you and it will be correct.
2079
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ๆญฃ่งฃใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
131:40
So let's take an example of this and I'll show you what I mean.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไพ‹ใซใ—ใฆใ€็งใŒ ไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
131:44
For example, give that to.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
131:49
Give that to I.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’็งใซใ‚ใ’ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
131:51
Give that to me.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’็งใซใ‚ใ’ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
131:53
What do you guys think I or me?
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฏ็งใ‚„็งใ‚’ใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
131:55
Put it in the comments below.
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ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
131:57
Give that to I.
2086
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’็งใซใ‚ใ’ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
131:58
Give that to me.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’็งใซใ‚ใ’ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
132:00
Hmm.
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ใตใƒผใ‚€ใ€‚
132:02
It would be, of course, me.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“็งใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
132:05
Give that to me.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’็งใซใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
132:06
So now all you need to add is another person.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใจใฏๅˆฅใฎไบบใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
132:10
You could say give that to my brother and me, for example.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ…„ใจ็งใซใ‚ใ’ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
132:14
Give that to my brother and me.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ…„ใจ็งใซใ‚ใ’ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
132:15
So it doesn't matter who you add after.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅพŒใซ่ชฐใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
132:19
Let's try another example.
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
132:21
Let's say you're walking down the street and you see this beautiful garden and you ask
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้€šใ‚Šใ‚’ๆญฉใ„ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎ็พŽใ—ใ„ๅบญๅœ’ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใ€
132:26
a stranger.
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่ฆ‹็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใฌไบบใซๅฐ‹ใญใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
132:27
You say, can you take a picture of can you take a picture of I or of me?
2098
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ๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆ’ฎใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ ็งใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆ’ฎใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚็งใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆ’ฎใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
132:36
Can you take a picture of I?
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็งใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆ’ฎใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
132:38
Can you take a picture of me?
2100
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็งใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆ’ฎใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
132:40
Which one do you think?
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
132:41
Put it in the comments below.
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ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
132:44
Can you take a picture of me?
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็งใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆ’ฎใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
132:46
So now you just add, Can you take a picture of my friend and me?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ€Œๅ‹้”ใจ็งใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆ’ฎใฃใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
132:51
My friend and me, my friends and me?
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ๅ‹้”ใจ็งใ€ๅ‹้”ใจ็ง๏ผŸ
132:55
It doesn't really matter what you put in.
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ไฝ•ใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ้‡่ฆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
132:58
So let's try another example.
2107
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
133:01
Went to the party, Went to the party.
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ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
133:06
So is this me went to the party or I went to the party?
2109
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚็งใŒใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใฃใŸใฎใ‹ ?
133:11
What do you think?
2110
7991679
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ใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
133:12
Put it in the comments.
2111
7992679
1801
ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
133:14
Of course it's I went to the party, so all we need to do is add in, my friends and I.
2112
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ ๅ‹้”ใจ็งใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
133:21
You and I went to the party.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใจ็งใฏใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
133:25
Doesn't matter what you put before I.
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I ใฎๅ‰ใซไฝ•ใ‚’็ฝฎใใ‹ใฏ้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
133:28
So one more example.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
133:30
Ran a marathon.
2116
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ใƒžใƒฉใ‚ฝใƒณใ‚’่ตฐใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
133:34
I ran a marathon.
2117
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1680
ใƒžใƒฉใ‚ฝใƒณใ‚’่ตฐใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
133:36
Me ran a marathon.
2118
8016310
2240
็งใฏใƒžใƒฉใ‚ฝใƒณใ‚’่ตฐใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
133:38
What do you think?
2119
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1000
ใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
133:39
Put it in the comments.
2120
8019550
2029
ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
133:41
I ran a marathon, so now I know it's I, so I can just add you and I ran a marathon.
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็งใฏใƒžใƒฉใ‚ฝใƒณใ‚’่ตฐใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ€็งใฏใƒžใƒฉใ‚ฝใƒณใ‚’่ตฐใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
133:48
My friends and I, my husband and I, my boss and I.
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ๅ‹้”ใจ็งใ€ๅคซใจ็งใ€ไธŠๅธ ใจ็งใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸ
133:53
Doesn't matter what you put in my sister and I, it doesn't matter.
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ใŒๅฆนใจ็งใซไฝ•ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚ˆใ†ใจ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ•้กŒใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
133:58
So that's the easiest way for you to know if you need you and me or you and I just drop
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใจ็งใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชใฎใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใชใŸใจ็งใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชใฎใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ๅ˜ใซใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใ‚’ๅ‰Š้™คใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใ€Œใ‚’
134:05
the you or drop the.
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ๅ‰Š้™คใ€ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
134:06
My friends drop the whoever it is my Co workers and just ask yourself do I need me or I in
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็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎๅŒๅƒšใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏ็„ก่ฆ–ใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎ ไธญใง็งใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชใฎใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚็งใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชใฎใ‹ใ‚’ไปŠ่‡ชๅ•ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
134:15
this sentence now if you're not sure.
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ใ€‚
134:18
If you need me.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใ‚’ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ™ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
134:19
Or I you just have to remember this one thing I is always.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€็งใŒใ„ใคใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
134:25
The.
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ใ€‚
134:27
Subject of a sentence.
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ๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใ€‚
134:28
The.
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ใ€‚
134:29
Subject of a sentence.
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ๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใ€‚
134:31
OK, and what's me Me is.
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OKใ€ใใ—ใฆ็งใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€็งใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
134:35
The.
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ใ€‚
134:36
Object of a sentence, so just.
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ๆ–‡ใฎ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใชใฎใงใ€ใใฎใพใพใงใ™ใ€‚
134:39
To.
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ใซใ€‚
134:40
Quickly study this topic.
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ใ“ใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใคใ„ใฆใ™ใใซๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’
134:42
Let's go back to our example of Can you take a picture of me?
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ๆ’ฎใฃใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹?ใ€ใฎไพ‹ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
134:48
Can you take a picture of my friends and me?
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็งใฎๅ‹้”ใจ็งใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆ’ฎใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
134:50
Hmm.
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ใตใƒผใ‚€ใ€‚
134:51
OK, so who's the subject in this sentence?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใฏ่ชฐใงใ™ใ‹?
134:55
Can you?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใงใใ‚‹๏ผŸ
134:57
So you are the subject in this sentence.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใฏใ‚ใชใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
135:00
You.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ€‚
135:01
Are.
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ใฏใ€‚
135:02
Doing the action I am receiving the action I'm the object.
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่กŒ็‚บใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹็งใฏ่กŒ็‚บใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ ็งใฏๅฏพ่ฑกใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
135:08
In.
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ใงใ€‚
135:09
This sentence Can you take a picture of me?
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ ็งใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆ’ฎใฃใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
135:14
So I'm not doing the action right.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
135:16
So the subject is the one doing the action, the object is the one receiving the action.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไธปไฝ“ใฏ่กŒ็‚บใ‚’่กŒใ†่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๅฎขไฝ“ใฏ่กŒ็‚บใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹่€…ใงใ™ใ€‚
135:24
So that's just a quick overview, but that is how the easiest way to tell if you need
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆฆ‚่ฆใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใจ็งใซใจใฃใฆใ‚ใชใŸใจ็งใŒ ๅฟ…่ฆใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๅˆคๆ–ญใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎ
135:29
you and me for you and I, Are you ready for your quiz?
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ ?
135:33
Hit pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the
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ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใ€ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ
135:39
answers.
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซ
135:46
Let's move on and talk about have in different conjugations and we'll look at have had.
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้€ฒใ‚“ใงใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆดป็”จใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ have ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ€ have ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
135:54
Has had.
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ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
135:56
And had had our infinitive form of the verb is.
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ใใ—ใฆๅ‹•่ฉž is ใฎไธๅฎš่ฉžๅฝขใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
136:00
To.
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ใซใ€‚
136:01
Have.
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ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
136:02
Of course, we can use the infinitive in certain sentence structures.
2161
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใงใฏไธๅฎš่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
136:06
For example, I'd like.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
136:08
To.
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ใซใ€‚
136:09
Have more time.
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใจใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
136:11
So here is the infinitive being used.
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ใ“ใ“ใงไธๅฎš่ฉžใŒไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
136:15
Now we can also use the base verb.
2166
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ๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
136:18
The base verb is have, so we simply drop the two from the infinitive to get our base verb.
2167
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ๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ have ใชใฎใงใ€ ไธๅฎš่ฉžใ‹ใ‚‰ 2 ใคใ‚’ๅ‰Š้™คใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
136:25
We can also use the base verb in certain sentence structures.
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็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใงใฏๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
136:29
For example, all have time tomorrow.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
136:33
Here we're using it in the future.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏๅฐ†ๆฅ็š„ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
136:35
Simple we need.
2171
8195990
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็งใŸใกใซๅฟ…่ฆใชใฎใฏใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
136:37
Will.
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ๆ„ๆ€ใ€‚
136:38
And a base verb.
2173
8198170
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ใใ—ใฆๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚
136:39
Our base verb is have all have time tomorrow.
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็งใŸใกใฎๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏใฟใ‚“ใชๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“
136:43
Now here's where things get tricky.
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ใŒๅ•้กŒใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
136:45
In the present simple form of the verb, we have two options.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ็พๅœจใฎๅ˜็ด”ๅฝขใซใฏ 2 ใคใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
136:50
We have have and has.
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็งใŸใกใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
136:53
Your choice depends on the subject.
2178
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้ธๆŠžใฏไธป้กŒใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
136:56
We use have for the subjects I, you, we and they for example.
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Iใ€youใ€weใ€they ใจใ„ใ†ไธป่ชžใซใฏ have ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
137:04
They.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€‚
137:05
Have two kids.
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ๅญไพ›ใŒ2ไบบใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
137:07
Now we use has in the present simple for the subjects ** *** and it are third person singular.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ไธป่ชž ** *** ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ็พๅœจๅฝขใฎ has ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธ‰ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐใงใ™ใ€‚
137:15
For example, she has two kids.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใซใฏ 2 ไบบใฎๅญไพ›ใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
137:19
The past form of the verb is had.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใฏhaveใงใ™ใ€‚
137:22
This is for all.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ…จๅ“กใซๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
137:24
Subjects.
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็ง‘็›ฎใ€‚
137:25
For example, she had a muffin for breakfast.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆœ้ฃŸใซใƒžใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ“
137:29
Now here's where things get tricky for students.
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ใŒๅญฆ็”Ÿใซใจใฃใฆ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
137:32
Let's talk about the present perfect.
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
137:35
So the present perfect with the verb have can be formed in two different ways.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉž have ใ‚’ไผดใ†็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ใฏ 2 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงๅฝขๆˆใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€
137:43
It can be formed as has had or have had.
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ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฝขๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
137:50
Now had is the same for all subjects.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€had ใฏใ™ในใฆใฎ็ง‘็›ฎใงๅŒใ˜ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
137:54
It doesn't change, but has and have changes according to the subjects.
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ๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‘ใฉใ€ๅฏพ่ฑกใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ ใ€‚
138:02
You already learned this with the present simple.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจๅฝขใงใ™ใงใซๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
138:05
So you know that we would use have had four subjects.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€4 ใคใฎไธป้กŒใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
138:10
I, you, we, and they for example, we've had enough and we use has had four subjects.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ€็งใŸใกใ€ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚‚ใ† ๅๅˆ†ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€4 ใคใฎไธป้กŒใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
138:20
** *** it the third person singular.
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** *** ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธ‰ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐใงใ™ใ€‚
138:23
For example, she's had enough now.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๅๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
138:26
Notice how I'm using a contraction I've you've weave they've she's, he's it's.
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็งใŒ I've you've ็น”ใ‚Š่พผใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ they've she'sใ€he's it's ใงใ™ใ€‚
138:37
Native English speakers always use contractions with the present perfect so I encourage you
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏๅธธใซ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ใ‚’ไผดใ†็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ€
138:42
to get comfortable with that.
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ใใ‚Œใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
138:44
So just remember your choice between have had and has had depends on the subject and
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€have had ใจ has had ใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏไธป้กŒใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
138:51
we use has had for third person singular key sheet it and we use have had for all other
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ไธ‰ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐใฎใ‚ญใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใƒˆใซใฏ has had ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ไป–ใฎ ใ™ในใฆใฎไธป้กŒใซใฏ have had ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
138:58
subjects I, you, we, and they and now we come to had had.
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็งใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ€็งใŸใกใ€ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ไปŠใงใฏ we become to had ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚
139:04
This sounds really bizarre, right?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซๆ€ใˆใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
139:07
But it's grammatically correct because this is the past perfect form of the verb.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
139:14
Now had had is used for all subjects so it doesn't change.
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had had ใฏใ™ในใฆใฎไธป้กŒใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใฎใงใ€ ๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
139:20
We use had, had for IU, ** *** it, we and they, so this one is easy to remember.
2208
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IU ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ hadใ€hadใ€** *** itใ€weใ€they ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ฆšใˆใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
139:28
You just.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŸใ ใ€‚
139:29
Have to remember that had had is the past perfect and have had and has had is the present
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had had ใฏ้ŽๅŽป ๅฎŒไบ†ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€have ใจ has had ใฏ็พๅœจ
139:39
perfect.
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ๅฎŒไบ†ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
139:40
That's the thing that you need to remember now.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒไปŠใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚
139:43
Native English speakers also use contractions with had had, so you're not going to hear
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ‚‚ had had ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ ใŸใ‚ใ€
139:49
a native speaker say had had.
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒ had had ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
139:52
Very often.
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ใ‚ˆใใ€‚
139:53
You'll hear the contraction, and the contraction is very subtle.
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ๅŽ็ธฎ้ŸณใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใฎๅŽ็ธฎใฏ ้žๅธธใซๅพฎๅฆ™ใงใ™ใ€‚
139:57
It's a very soft sound.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ„้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
139:59
I'd had you'd had he'd had she'd had it had we'd had they'd had so it's a very soft sound,
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฝผใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ ็งใŸใกใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ„้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€ใจ
140:10
added.
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ไป˜ใ‘ๅŠ ใˆใŸใ€‚
140:11
To the subject.
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ๆœฌ้กŒใธใ€‚
140:13
For example, he'd had a busy week.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅฝผใฏๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ไธ€้€ฑ้–“ใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
140:16
He'd had a busy week.
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ๅฝผใฏๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ไธ€้€ฑ้–“ใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚
140:19
So notice it sounds very similar to he had a busy week, which is just the past simple
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฝผใฏๅฟ™ใ—ใ„้€ฑใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใจ้žๅธธใซใ‚ˆใไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
140:26
form of the verb.
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ใ€‚
140:28
So let's listen to those two sentences again.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ“ใฎ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
140:30
He had a busy week.
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ๅฝผใฏๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ไธ€้€ฑ้–“ใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใŸใ€‚
140:32
He'd had a busy week.
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ๅฝผใฏๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ไธ€้€ฑ้–“ใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚
140:34
I say even a native speaker would have a hard time hearing that difference.
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใงใ‚‚ ใใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’่žใๅˆ†ใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
140:40
It's the sentence structure and the rest of the sentence that will let you know if it's
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ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใจ ๆ–‡ใฎๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ
140:47
a simple pass or the past perfect.
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ๅ˜็ด”ใชใƒ‘ใ‚นใชใฎใ‹้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ใชใฎใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
140:51
So you have to pay attention to context as well.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใซใ‚‚ๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
140:54
So this is a lesson that you're going to have to review a few times to get comfortable with
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ใพใงใซๆ•ฐๅ›žๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ™
141:00
it.
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ใ€‚
141:01
And I definitely recommend that you just take some notes so you remember that difference.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใƒกใƒขใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผทใใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
141:05
And now I want you to practice.
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ใใ—ใฆไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
141:08
So of course I want you to leave a present simple sentence, a past simple sentence, a
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ใงใ™ใฎใงใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็พๅœจ ๅ˜ๆ–‡ใ€้ŽๅŽปๅ˜ๆ–‡ใ€
141:15
present perfect sentence, and bonus points if you can leave a past perfect sentence as
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ† ๆ–‡ใ‚‚ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๆ–‡ใ‚‚ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚ŒใฐใƒœใƒผใƒŠใ‚นใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‚‚ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™
141:22
well.
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ใ€‚
141:23
And remember, your conjugation depends on the subject.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆดป็”จใฏไธป้กŒใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
141:28
Are you ready for your quiz?
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
141:30
Hit, pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the
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ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ
141:39
answers.
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
141:43
Now let's move on and talk about, be used to, and get used to.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
141:47
These are must know expressions for your vocabulary.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ่ชžๅฝ™ๅŠ›ใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใ่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚
141:51
Now, both of them are used to talk about a feeling of comfort when something's new in
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็พๅœจใงใฏใ€ไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚ใ€ๆ—ฅๅธธ็”Ÿๆดปใฎไธญใงไฝ•ใ‹ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใจใใฎๅฟƒๅœฐใ‚ˆใ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™
141:59
your daily routine.
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ใ€‚
142:01
OK, so let me give you an example.
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ใงใฏใ€ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
142:04
If you watched my video yesterday, you'll know that I'm using a new mouse for my computer.
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ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฎ็งใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใซใชใฃใŸๆ–นใฏใ€ ็งใŒใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใซๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒžใ‚ฆใ‚นใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
142:12
Now, this mouse is a little bit different, a little bit weird, because I have to use
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒžใ‚ฆใ‚นใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้•ใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใงใ™ใ€‚
142:18
my thumb to move the mouse, which is not normal, right?
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ใƒžใ‚ฆใ‚นใ‚’ๅ‹•ใ‹ใ™ใฎใซ่ฆชๆŒ‡ใ‚’ไฝฟใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ™ฎ้€šใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆ ใญ?
142:23
So because of that, because it's not the normal way to use a mouse, I'm not comfortable with
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ ใƒžใ‚ฆใ‚นใฎ้€šๅธธใฎไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใงใฏใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€
142:31
this right now.
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ไปŠใฏใ“ใ‚Œใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
142:32
Okay, so I have to.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใใ†ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
142:35
Get used to it.
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ใใ‚Œใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
142:37
I have to get used to it.
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ๆ…ฃใ‚Œใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
142:41
Notice I said used to it.
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็งใŒๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
142:44
It can be two things.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ 2 ใคใฎใ“ใจใŒ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
142:46
It can be the mouse.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใƒžใ‚ฆใ‚นใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
142:48
I.
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I.
142:49
Have to get.
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ๅ–ๅพ—ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
142:50
Used to the mouse.
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ใƒžใ‚ฆใ‚นใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
142:51
My new mouse, perhaps.
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็งใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒžใ‚ฆใ‚นใ€ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€‚
142:54
So we can have get used to and then a noun.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€get to ใซ็ถšใ„ใฆๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
142:59
Now I could also say I have to get used to using it using it.
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ไปŠใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
143:06
Now what do you notice there?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ“ใงไฝ•ใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
143:08
In that case I'm using a verb, but I'm using a jaron verb, a verb in ING get used to using
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ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ jaron ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ING ใฎๅ‹•่ฉž get used to using
143:18
so get used to plus jaron.
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so get used to plus jaron ใงใ™ใ€‚
143:21
Now this is the case for both be used to and get used to.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ€Œๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใฎไธกๆ–นใซๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
143:26
After two, you can have a noun or a jaron verb.
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅพŒใซใฏใ€ๅ่ฉžใพใŸใฏใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใƒญใƒณๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
143:31
So pay attention to that structure.
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ใใ“ใงใ€ใใฎๆง‹้€ ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒžใ‚ฆใ‚น
143:34
Now remember I said I have to get used to this mouse?
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ใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ ?
143:40
This means I have to move from a feeling of discomfort to comfort.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไธๅฟซๆ„Ÿใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฟซ้ฉใ•ใธ็งป่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
143:46
And the only reason why is because this is a new item in my daily routine.
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ใใฎๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎ็†็”ฑใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ็งใฎๆ—ฅๅธธใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ†ใƒ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
143:54
So anytime you add something new to your daily routine, you can use this expression.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ—ฅๅธธ็”Ÿๆดปใซไฝ•ใ‹ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ ใ€ใ“ใฎ่กจ็พใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
144:01
Get used to okay.
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ๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€‚
144:04
Now How about be used to?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใฟใฆใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
144:08
When do we use?
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ใ„ใคไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
144:10
That hmm Well.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ get ใจ B ใฎ
144:11
You simply need to know the difference between get and B.
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้•ใ„ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
144:17
So we use get when we're talking about a transition, a transition from not to, in this case, not
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งป่กŒใ€ใคใพใ‚Šๅฟซ้ฉใงใชใ„็Šถๆ…‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฟซ้ฉใช็Šถๆ…‹ใธใฎ็งป่กŒใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€get ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
144:26
comfortable to comfortable.
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ใ€‚
144:28
OK, the transition.
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OKใ€็งป่กŒใงใ™ใ€‚
144:31
So I said I have to.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใใ†ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
144:33
It's a requirement.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ่ฆไปถใงใ™ใ€‚
144:34
I have to get used to using this new mouse.
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ใ“ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒžใ‚ฆใ‚นใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
144:40
So I have to transition from not comfortable to comfortable.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฟซ้ฉใงใฏใชใ„็Šถๆ…‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฟซ้ฉใช็Šถๆ…‹ใซ็งป่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
144:44
Now, how about a month later, you could ask me, oh, hey Jennifer, how's the new mouse?
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ใ•ใฆใ€1 ใ‹ๆœˆๅพŒใ€ใ€Œ ใŠใ„ใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒžใ‚ฆใ‚นใฎ่ชฟๅญใฏใฉใ†ใ ?ใ€ใจ่žใ„ใฆใฟใฆใฏใ„ใ‹ใŒใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
144:51
Is it still uncomfortable?
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ใพใ ไธๅฟซใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
144:54
And then I can reply a month later, A month after using this mouse every day, I could
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ใใ—ใฆใ€1 ใ‹ๆœˆๅพŒใซใฏ่ฟ”ไบ‹ใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒžใ‚ฆใ‚นใ‚’ๆฏŽๆ—ฅไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ 1 ใ‹ๆœˆๅพŒใซใฏใ€
145:01
say no.
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ใƒŽใƒผใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
145:02
I'm used to it.
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ๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใพใ™ใ€‚
145:04
I'm used to it.
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ๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใพใ™ใ€‚
145:07
And remember that.
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
145:08
It can be I'm used to the mouse or I'm used to using verb and ING I'm used to using it.
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ใƒžใ‚ฆใ‚นใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ ๅ‹•่ฉžใจ ING ใฎไฝฟ็”จใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
145:16
So here notice I use the verb to be and that's because I'm talking about my current state
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€be ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€1 ใ‹ๆœˆๅพŒใฎ ็พๅœจใฎ็Šถๆ…‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
145:23
right now, a month into the future.
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ใ€‚
145:27
Right now I'm comfortable with using this mouse, so when you get to the point where
2297
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ไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€็งใฏใ“ใฎ ใƒžใ‚ฆใ‚นใฎไฝฟ็”จใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
145:35
that new item in your daily routine is now comfortable, you can use B I'm.
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ๆ—ฅๅธธ็”Ÿๆดปใฎไธญใงใใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ†ใƒ ใŒ ๅฟซ้ฉใซไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€B I'm ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
145:44
Used.
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ไฝฟ็”จๆธˆใฟใ€‚
145:45
To it I'm used.
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ใใ‚Œใซใฏๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
145:47
To it.
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ใใ‚Œใซใ€‚
145:48
But when you're in that transition, you'll use get.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใใฎ็งป่กŒไธญใซใฏ get ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‚“ใ ใ‚“
145:53
I'm getting used to it.
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ๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
145:55
I need to get used to it.
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ๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
145:58
Remember, get and be are verbs, so you need to conjugate them with the time reference
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get ใจ be ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€ ๆ™‚้–“ๅ‚็…ง
146:05
and the subject as well.
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ใ‚„ไธป่ชžใจใ‚‚ๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
146:07
So if it were she, it would be she is used to it or she's getting used to it.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
146:16
So don't forget that verb conjugation.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆดป็”จใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
146:18
So just remember that we use B and get used to when we're talking about something new
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
146:25
in our daily routine and a feeling of comfort with that new activity.
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ๆ—ฅๅธธ็”Ÿๆดปใฎไธญใงไฝ•ใ‹ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚„ใ€ ใใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆดปๅ‹•ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๅฎ‰ๅฟƒๆ„Ÿใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซ็งใŸใกใฏ B ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
146:32
We use get to talk about the transition from not comfortable to comfortable and we use
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get ใฏๅฟซ้ฉใงใฏใชใ„็Šถๆ…‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฟซ้ฉใช็Šถๆ…‹ใธใฎ็งป่กŒใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚B ใฏ
146:38
B to talk about the current state as comfortable.
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็พๅœจใฎ็Šถๆ…‹ใŒๅฟซ้ฉใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
146:43
Of course, these are both verbs, so you need to conjugate them with the subject and the
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚ๅ‹•่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€ ไธป่ชžใจ
146:47
time reference.
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ๆ™‚้–“ๅ‚็…งใ‚’ๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
146:48
And don't forget our structure.
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใŸใกใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
146:50
After two, we can have either a noun or a jaron verb.
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2 ใคไปฅ้™ใฏใ€ๅ่ฉžใพใŸใฏใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใƒญใƒณๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
146:56
So that's everything you need to know to feel comfortable and confident using be and get
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ไปฅไธŠใŒใ€ ๅฟซ้ฉใซ่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€
147:02
used to.
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ๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใใ“ใจใฎใ™ในใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
147:03
Now, of course, it's your turn to practice.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ—ฅๅธธใฎ
147:06
I want you to think about something new in your daily routine.
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ไธญใงไฝ•ใ‹ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใปใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
147:11
For me, was using my mouse.
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็งใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใƒžใ‚ฆใ‚นใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
147:14
So what about you?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
147:15
And talk about how you're getting used to it, and then talk about how you are used to
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ…ฃใ‚ŒใฆใใŸใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ— ใ€ๆฌกใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™
147:23
it.
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ใ€‚
147:24
So see if you can use B and get to talk about this new item in your daily routine and leave
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€B ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„้ …็›ฎใซใคใ„ใฆๆ—ฅๅธธ็”Ÿๆดปใง่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใ€
147:30
your examples in the comments below.
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ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
147:32
Are you ready for your quiz?
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
147:34
Hit, pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the
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ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ
147:43
answers.
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
147:47
Now let's move on and talk about collective nouns and the conjugation of verbs with collective
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ๆฌกใซใ€้›†ๅˆ ๅ่ฉžใจ้›†ๅˆๅ่ฉžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆดป็”จใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
147:53
nouns.
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ใ€‚
147:54
So.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€‚
147:55
I'll give you an.
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ใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚
147:56
Example, my family arriving tomorrow, do I need is or are?
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅๅฎถๆ—ใŒๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ‹?ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ‹?
148:06
Because in a family there's more than one person, right?
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ๅฎถๆ—ใซใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎไบบใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ
148:11
So is a family singular?
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ใงใฏใ€ๅฎถๆ—ใฏๅ˜ๆ•ฐใชใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
148:14
Or plural.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใ€‚
148:15
What do you guys think?
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฏใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
148:16
Put it in the comments.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
148:18
My family is, my family are.
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็งใฎๅฎถๆ—ใฏใ€็งใฎๅฎถๆ—ใฏใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
148:22
What do you think?
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ใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
148:23
Put it in the comments.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
148:25
Family is family.
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ๅฎถๆ—ใฏๅฎถๆ—ใ ใ€‚
148:26
Are the.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
148:27
Correct answer is my family is my family is arriving tomorrow.
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ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎๅฎถๆ—ใฏ ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
148:35
Now, family is a collective noun.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅฎถๆ—ใฏ้›†ๅˆๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
148:39
What that means is within this noun there is more than one.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๅ่ฉžใฎไธญใซ ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
148:45
Of course, like I said, a family there's more than one person, right?
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๅ…ˆใปใฉใ‚‚่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅฎถๆ—ใซใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎ ไบบใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
148:51
But we treat that noun as one entity.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใฎๅ่ฉžใ‚’ 1 ใคใฎๅฎŸไฝ“ใจใ—ใฆๆ‰ฑใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
148:57
Now you can think of it as we're not talking about the individual members within that family,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ๅฎถๆ—ๅ†…ใฎๅ€‹ใ€…ใฎใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€
149:05
we're talking about the family as a whole.
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ๅฎถๆ—ๅ…จไฝ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
149:09
So we're imagining that that family is 1 unit.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใฎๅฎถๆ—ใŒ 1 ใƒฆใƒ‹ใƒƒใƒˆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
149:14
So that's what you can remember with collective nouns.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€้›†ๅˆๅ่ฉžใง่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
149:17
They're conjugated as singular because we refer to them as one unit.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ 1 ใคใฎๅ˜ไฝใจใ—ใฆๅ‚็…งใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใจใ—ใฆๆดป็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
149:24
So of course you need to know subject verb agreement for the verb.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไธป่ชžๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไธ€่‡ดใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
149:28
To.
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ใซใ€‚
149:29
Be And you also need this for the present.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใซใ‚‚ๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
149:32
Simple.
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ๅ˜็ด”ใ€‚
149:33
For example, my family arrives tomorrow.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฎๅฎถๆ—ใฏๆ˜Žๆ—ฅๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
149:38
Not my family arrive tomorrow.
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ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏๅฎถๆ—ใŒๆฅใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
149:42
No, my family arrives tomorrow because remember we need to add that's or ES to third person
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€็งใฎๅฎถๆ—ใฏๆ˜Žๆ—ฅๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ ไธ‰ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐ ** *** it ๅ‹•่ฉžใซ that's ใพใŸใฏ ES ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
149:52
singular ** *** it verbs.
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ใ€‚
149:56
So let's think of some other collective nouns that are conjugated as third person singular.
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ใใ“ใงใ€ ไธ‰ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐใจใ—ใฆๆดป็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ไป–ใฎ้›†ๅˆๅ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
150:04
For example, company, same thing, company, many different people within that company,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ไผš็คพใ€ๅŒใ˜ใ‚‚ใฎใ€ไผš็คพใ€ ใใฎไผš็คพๅ†…ใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชไบบใ€…ใงใ™
150:10
but we refer to it as one entity is third person singular.
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ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ 1 ใคใฎใ‚จใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ†ใ‚ฃใจใ—ใฆไธ‰ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ ใ€‚
150:16
The company is profitable, Team is another one.
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ไผš็คพใฏๅˆฉ็›Šใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใƒใƒผใƒ ใฏใ‚‚ใ† ไธ€ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
150:23
Of course there's more than one person on a team, but we conjugate it as one Group One.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใƒใƒผใƒ ใซใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎไบบใŒใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ 1 ใคใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ— 1 ใจใ—ใฆๆดป็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
150:30
Cool.
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ใ„ใ„ใญใ€‚
150:31
So team.
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ใใ‚Œใงใƒใƒผใƒ ใ€‚
150:32
Group.
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ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ€‚
150:33
Is a good one.
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่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
150:35
Community class is another good one as well.
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ใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใ‚‚ใพใŸ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
150:39
Those are all conjugated as third person singular.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆไธ‰ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐใจใ—ใฆๆดป็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
150:44
Now how about this one?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
150:46
Everyone.
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ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€‚
150:47
Hmm.
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ใตใƒผใ‚€ใ€‚
150:48
Is this conjugated as third person singular or plural?
2377
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธ‰ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐใพใŸใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใจใ—ใฆๆดป็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹ ?
150:54
Would it be Everyone eats third person singular conjugation or everyone eat, everyone eats
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ใฟใ‚“ใชใง้ฃŸในใ‚‹ไธ‰ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐๆดป็”จใ€ ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใฟใ‚“ใชใง้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใง
151:03
at noon, everyone eat at noon?
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ๆญฃๅˆใซ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใงๆญฃๅˆใซ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
151:06
What do you guys think?
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฏใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
151:08
Is everyone third person singular or plural?
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ใฟใ‚“ใชไธ‰ไบบ็งฐใฏๅ˜ๆ•ฐใงใ™ใ‹?ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚่ค‡ๆ•ฐใงใ™ใ‹?
151:12
Let me know in the comments what you think.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
151:15
Everyone eats.
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ใฟใ‚“ใช้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ€‚
151:18
Everyone eats at noon, so everyone is third person singular.
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ๆญฃๅˆใซใฏๅ…จๅ“กใŒ้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅ…จๅ“กใŒ ไธ‰ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
151:23
It's a collective noun.
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้›†ๅˆๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚
151:25
There's more than one person, but we're referring to it as one entity, 1 unit.
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ไบบใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ 1 ใคใฎใ‚จใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ€1 ใƒฆใƒ‹ใƒƒใƒˆใจใ—ใฆๅ‚็…งใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
151:32
So this applies for everyone, everybody, anyone, and anybody.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ชฐใซใงใ‚‚ใ€่ชฐใซใงใ‚‚ใ€ ่ชฐใซใงใ‚‚ๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
151:38
Now, some other common collective nouns that you'll probably use in your vocabulary would
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ใ•ใฆใ€่ชžๅฝ™ใฎไธญใงใŠใใ‚‰ใไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ไป–ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช้›†ๅˆๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€
151:44
be government, audience, jury, tribe, couple, so two people.
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ๆ”ฟๅบœใ€่ด่ก†ใ€้™ชๅฏฉๅ“กใ€้ƒจๆ—ใ€ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใ€ ใคใพใ‚ŠไบŒไบบใชใฉใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
151:53
But we refer to them as one.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ 1 ใคใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚
151:56
The couple is really cute.
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ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
151:59
Couple is a collective noun and army as well.
2392
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ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใฏ้›†ๅˆๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่ป้šŠใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
152:04
The army is well prepared, so here's the list of the most common collecting nouns.
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่ป้šŠใฏๅๅˆ†ใซๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒๆ•ดใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅŽ้›†ๅ่ฉžใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๆฌกใซ็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚
152:11
I definitely recommend that you pause the video and you write these down or take a screenshot
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ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒณใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ๆ’ฎใฃใฆใ€
152:18
so you can add these to your vocabulary.
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่ชžๅฝ™ใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผทใใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
152:21
And remember they need to be conjugated as.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
152:23
3rd.
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3็•ช็›ฎใ€‚
152:24
Person singular.
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ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐใ€‚
152:25
This is a really important grammar concept, so make sure you take the time and for now
2399
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใชๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎๆฆ‚ๅฟตใช ใฎใงใ€ไปŠใฏๅฟ…ใšๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆ
152:30
to practice.
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็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
152:32
I want you to choose three of these collective nouns and write 3 sentences in the comments
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้›†ๅˆๅ่ฉžใฎไธญใ‹ใ‚‰ 3 ใคใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ— ใ€ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ 3 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰
152:39
below just to get really comfortable with them.
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ใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็›ฎๆŒ‡ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
152:42
Are you ready for your quiz?
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
152:44
Hit, pause, take as much time as you need and when you're ready, hit play to see the
2404
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ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
152:53
answers.
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ใ€‚
152:57
Now let's move on and talk about the difference between can and be able to.
2406
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œ ใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ€Œใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
153:02
Now both of these are used to talk about ability, but the difference is in the sentence structure.
2407
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็พๅœจใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚่ƒฝๅŠ›ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใŒใ€้•ใ„ใฏๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
153:10
That's possible and also what type of ability.
2408
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ƒฝๅŠ›ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
153:15
So first of all, you need to know that can is used for general ability.
2409
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใพใš็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€can ใฏ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่ƒฝๅŠ›ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
153:21
So we use it in both the positive form and the negative form in a very general context.
2410
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ–‡่„ˆใงใฏใ€่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๅฝขๅผใจๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๅฝขๅผใฎไธกๆ–นใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
153:29
For example, I could just say I can swim, I can swim.
2411
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฏๆณณใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€ ๆณณใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
153:33
Just in.
2412
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1500
Just in.
153:35
General anytime, anywhere, not specific to a specific pool or a specific place or a specific.
2413
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใฉใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ€ ็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒ—ใƒผใƒซใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€ใพใŸใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซ้™ๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
153:43
Type of water.
2414
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ๆฐดใฎ็จฎ้กžใ€‚
153:44
Just I can swim in general.
2415
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2160
ใŸใ ใ€ๆ™ฎ้€šใซๆณณใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
153:46
Now, the opposite, of course.
2416
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใใฎ้€†ใงใ™ใ€‚
153:48
The negative.
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ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
153:49
I can't swim, so it doesn't matter where I am.
2418
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็งใฏๆณณใ’ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใฉใ“ใซใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
153:52
It doesn't matter what type of pool I'm in, what type of water I'm in, what time of day
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็งใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใƒ—ใƒผใƒซใฎ็จฎ้กžใ€ ๆฐดใฎ็จฎ้กžใ€ๆ™‚้–“ๅธฏ
153:57
it is, where the location is.
2420
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ใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใฏ้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
153:59
It doesn't matter in any context.
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ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็Šถๆณใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
154:01
In a general context, I can't swim, so can is used in positive and negative for general
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ–‡่„ˆใงใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๆณณใ’ใชใ„ใ€ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใฏ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’่กจใ™่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใจๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
154:10
ability.
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ใ€‚
154:12
Now let's compare that to be able to so be able to.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใจใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
154:17
This is used for a specific ability.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
154:22
Now what does that mean?
2426
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
154:23
If it's specific, you can think of it as specific to a time, a location, a specific type for
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็‰นๅฎšใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ๆ™‚้–“ใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎ็จฎ้กžใซๅ›บๆœ‰ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
154:33
example.
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ใ€‚
154:34
It's limited, so I could say I'm not.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้™ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็งใฏใใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
154:38
Able to swim.
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ๆณณใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
154:40
Today.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€‚
154:41
I'm not able to swim today.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๆณณใ’ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
154:44
Now I wouldn't just say I'm not able to swim because that sounds like a general statement.
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่กจ็พใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็งใฏๆณณใ’ใชใ„ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
154:50
And if it's a general statement to all places, all times, all situations, I would use can.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ™ในใฆใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€ ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎ็Šถๆณใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่กจ็พใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€can ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
154:56
I can't swim.
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ๆณณใ’ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
154:57
But if I say I'm not able to, that means it's a specific time or specific location.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŒใงใใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚้–“ใพใŸใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
155:05
So I might ask that sentence and say I'm not able to swim today because the pools closed,
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ใใ“ใง็งใฏใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใฆใ€ ใƒ—ใƒผใƒซใŒ้–‰ใพใฃใŸใŸใ‚ใ€
155:14
or because I have an important meeting, or because I'm not feeling well.
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ใพใŸใฏ้‡่ฆใชไผš่ญฐใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใพใŸใฏ ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๆณณใใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใจ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
155:21
So there's a specific reason that's preventing that ability.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใฎ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅฆจใ’ใ‚‹็‰นๅˆฅใช็†็”ฑใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
155:27
So that's the first important distinction.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้‡่ฆใช้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
155:30
Can general be able to specific?
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ็‰นๅฎšใงใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
155:33
Now, the other very important thing you need to remember is that grammatically these are
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ใ•ใฆใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใช็‚นใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซ
155:41
different.
2443
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็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
155:42
And that's because can is a modal verb.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€can ใŒๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
155:45
Modal verbs are limited, They're limited in the sentence structure that they can use.
2445
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ๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ้™ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใ‚‚้™ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
155:53
Now can, as a modal verb is used in the present and the future, be able to.
2446
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Now can ใฏใ€ๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ็พๅœจใจๆœชๆฅใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ใ€ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
156:01
This is a.
2447
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€‚
156:02
Verb expression.
2448
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ๅ‹•่ฉž่กจ็พใ€‚
156:03
The verb, of course, is the verb to be.
2449
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏbeๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
156:06
That's the verb that's conjugated with the subject and the time reference as a regular
2450
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ้€šๅธธใฎๅ‹•่ฉž่กจ็พใจใ—ใฆไธป่ชžใจๆ™‚้–“ๅ‚็…งใ‚’ๆดป็”จใ—ใŸๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™
156:11
verb expression.
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ใ€‚
156:13
We can use this in any sentence structure, any formation, any verb tense, anywhere on
2452
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
156:21
our timeline of past, present, or future.
2453
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้ŽๅŽปใ€็พๅœจใ€ๆœชๆฅใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ ใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใฎใฉใ“ใซใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๅฝขๆˆใ€ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžๆ™‚ๅˆถใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
156:25
So this is very important because remember I previously told you that can is used for
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ ็ผถใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ไปฅๅ‰ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
156:32
a specific ability.
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ใ€‚
156:34
But let's say you want to talk about a specific ability in a sentence structure where a modal
2456
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
156:44
verb is not possible in that sentence structure.
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ๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ๅ†…ใงๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใŒไฝฟ็”จใงใใชใ„็‰นๅฎšใฎ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
156:48
If that's the case, even if you're talking about specific ability, you would use be able
2458
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ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ ใ€beable to ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
156:55
to.
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ใ€‚
156:56
So you use be able to when can is not possible grammatically.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€can ใŒๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซไธๅฏ่ƒฝใชๅ ดๅˆใซใฏ beable to ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
157:03
Let me give you an example to make this very clear.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
157:07
So I could say a lifeguard needs swim for 20 minutes without stopping.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ•ใ‚ฌใƒผใƒ‰ใฏ 20 ๅˆ†้–“็ซ‹ใกๆญขใพใ‚‰ใšใซๆณณใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
157:17
So in this case, this is a general ability.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่ƒฝๅŠ›ใงใ™ใ€‚
157:21
This is something that a lifeguard needs any place, anytime.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒ•ใ‚ฌใƒผใƒ‰ใŒใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใฉใ“ใงใ‚‚ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
157:25
It's just a general ability.
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ใ‚ใใพใงไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่ƒฝๅŠ›ใงใ™ใ€‚
157:28
But what?
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ใงใ‚‚ไฝ•๏ผŸ
157:29
What about this blank here?
2467
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ใ“ใ“ใฎ็ฉบ็™ฝใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
157:31
What do I need grammatically to complete this sentence?
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฎŒๆˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใซใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซไฝ•ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ‹ ?
157:35
Well, we have to look at the sentence.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
157:38
I have need as a verb needs.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎneedsใจใ—ใฆneedใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
157:42
The lifeguard needs now need is a verb.
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ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ•ใ‚ฌใƒผใƒ‰ใฎใƒ‹ใƒผใ‚บใฏไปŠใ€need ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
157:47
The next verb has to be in the infinitive form.
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ๆฌกใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏไธๅฎš่ฉžใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
157:53
Now can as a modal cannot be used in an infinitive form, it doesn't exist.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใงใ‚ใ‚‹ can ใฏไธๅฎš่ฉžๅฝขๅผใงใฏไฝฟ็”จใงใใชใ„ใŸใ‚ ใ€ๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
158:01
Modal verbs are just the verb, they don't change in different structures.
2474
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ๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๆง‹้€ ใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
158:07
So in this case, I can't say a lifeguard needs can swim.
2475
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ•ใ‚ฌใƒผใƒ‰ใŒๆณณใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
158:12
No that grammatically doesn't work.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
158:16
Even though I'm talking about general ability, I need an infinitive.
2477
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่ƒฝๅŠ›ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ ไธๅฎš่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
158:22
Because of that, I have to use be able to and I'd say a lifeguard needs to be able to
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็งใฏbeable toใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ•ใ‚ฌใƒผใƒ‰ใฏไธๅฎš่ฉžๅฝขใงbeable toใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™
158:29
in the infinitive form.
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ใ€‚
158:31
Now I have a correct sentence.
2480
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ–‡ใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
158:35
So now you know how to use can and be able to correctly.
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ใงใ€can ใจ be possible ใฎๆญฃใ—ใ„ไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
158:39
Are you ready for your quiz?
2482
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
158:41
Hit pause.
2483
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ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
158:42
Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ€ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
158:54
Now let's move on and talk about the difference between rather than and instead of.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œใ‚€ใ—ใ‚ใ€ใจใ€Œไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใงใฏใชใใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ‚Š
159:00
Let's start with rather than, rather than.
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ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
159:03
Is used to state a preference.
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ๅฅฝใฟใ‚’่ฟฐในใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
159:06
So you have two things and you want to say which one you.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€2 ใคใฎใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
159:11
Prefer.
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ๅฅฝใ‚€ใ€‚
159:12
Which one you like more?
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ใฉใฃใกใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
159:14
Your preference.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฅฝใฟใ€‚
159:15
Because of that, we're most likely going to use rather than with the.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ ใงใฏใชใ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
159:20
Verb.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚
159:21
Prefer.
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ๅฅฝใ‚€ใ€‚
159:22
For example, I prefer making dinner rather than eating out.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฏๅค–้ฃŸใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใปใ†ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ ใ€‚
159:29
So I have my two choices, make dinner, eat out, and my preference is make dinner.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใซใฏๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ‹ๅค–้ฃŸใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎ2ใคใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ ็งใฎๅฅฝใฟใฏๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
159:38
I prefer making dinner rather than eating out.
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็งใฏๅค–้ฃŸใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ๆ–นใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ ใ€‚
159:44
So rather than is simply used to connect those ideas and form that complete sentence.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ˜ใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’็ตใณไป˜ใ‘ใฆๅฎŒๅ…จใชๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
159:50
Now notice rather than the next verb is going to be a gerund, which is simply your verb
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ๆฌกใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใซ
159:58
in ING.
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ING ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
159:59
That's 100% of the time when you use a verb, so don't forget that.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ 100% ใใ†ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
160:05
Now, in terms of placement, I can take that same sentence, but I can move rather than
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ใ•ใฆใ€้…็ฝฎใฎ็‚นใงใฏใ€ๅŒใ˜ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใŒใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๅ…ˆ้ ญใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ็งปๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ€
160:13
to the beginning of the sentence, and I can say rather than ordering takeout.
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ใƒ†ใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใ‚’ๆณจๆ–‡ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
160:19
I prefer making dinner, so you do have that flexibility.
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็งใฏๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใปใ†ใŒๅฅฝใใชใฎใงใ€ใใฎ ๆŸ”่ปŸๆ€งใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
160:25
Instead of a gerund verb, you could use a noun.
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
160:30
So I could say I prefer pizza, just the noun.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ่ฉžใ ใ‘ใงใ€Œใƒ”ใ‚ถใŒๅฅฝใใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
160:35
I'm not talking about a verb.
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็งใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
160:37
I prefer pizza rather than spaghetti, so I'm still connecting the sentence together with
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็งใฏใ‚นใƒ‘ใ‚ฒใƒƒใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใƒ”ใ‚ถใฎๆ–นใŒๅฅฝใใชใฎใงใ€ ๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ€Œnot ใ€ใงๆŽฅ็ถšใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒ
160:45
rather than, but I'm using two nouns instead of two verbs.
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ใ€2 ใคใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ 2 ใคใฎๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
160:50
Now instead of, it's used as substitution, which means I'm going to take one object and
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ฝฎๆ›ใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€1 ใคใฎใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ—ใฆใ€
160:59
I'm going to replace it with something else.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅˆฅใฎใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
161:03
OK, so substitution rather than just talking about preference, I like this one more.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅฅฝใฟใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใฎๆ–นใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
161:11
And you still see both objects.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ไธกๆ–นใฎใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
161:13
That would be rather than, but with instead of we're substituting, so one is going away
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚€ใ—ใ‚ใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Š ใซใ€็งใŸใกใฏ็ฝฎๆ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€1 ใคใฏๆถˆใˆใฆใ€
161:20
and we're only leaving the one we want.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใช 1 ใคใ ใ‘ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
161:23
That's instead of So I could say we made dinner instead of eating out.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅค–้ฃŸใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’ไฝœใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
161:31
OK, so in this case, the two objects, the two choices make dinner, eat out.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€2 ใคใฎใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ€ 2 ใคใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ€ๅค–้ฃŸใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
161:38
But rather than just stating my preference, one's going away, and the one that went away
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ˜ใซ็งใฎๅฅฝใฟใ‚’่ฟฐในใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ 1ใคใฏๅŽปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅŽปใฃใŸใฎใฏ
161:44
was eat out.
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ๅค–้ฃŸใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
161:46
OK, so we're left with make dinner.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใจใฏๅค•้ฃŸใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใงใ™ใ€‚
161:50
We made dinner.
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็งใŸใกใฏๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏใ™ใงใซๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
161:52
Notice my verb tense is the past simple, because this action is already complete.
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใŒๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
161:57
We made dinner yesterday instead of eating out.
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ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏๅค–้ฃŸใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
162:02
Now notice I'm still using a gerund verb after instead of.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉž after ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใพใ ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
162:09
So that's your structure instead of gerund verb.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใฎๆง‹้€ ใงใ™ ใ€‚
162:13
But we can also use nouns for our structure.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๆง‹้€ ใซๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
162:17
So I could say we had pizza instead of spaghetti.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚นใƒ‘ใ‚ฒใƒƒใƒ†ใ‚ฃใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใƒ”ใ‚ถใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
162:24
So again, two choices.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€้ธๆŠž่‚ขใฏ 2 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
162:26
One of them is going away.
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ใใฎใ†ใกใฎ1ไบบใŒๅŽปใฃใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
162:28
We had pizza instead of spaghetti.
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ใ‚นใƒ‘ใ‚ฒใƒƒใƒ†ใ‚ฃใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใƒ”ใ‚ถใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
162:32
Now I can also just.
2531
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ไปŠใงใฏ็งใ‚‚ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
162:34
Use the.
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ไฝฟ็”จใ€‚
162:35
Word.
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่จ€่‘‰ใ€‚
162:36
Instead, so let's say a friend asks, oh, so did you have spaghetti last night?
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ๅ‹ไบบใŒใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฎๅคœใ‚นใƒ‘ใ‚ฒใƒƒใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ‹?ใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
162:42
So I was talking to my friend about pizza and spaghetti.
2535
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ใใ‚Œใง็งใฏๅ‹้”ใจใƒ”ใ‚ถใจใ‚นใƒ‘ใ‚ฒใƒƒใƒ†ใ‚ฃใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
162:45
So she wants to know, did you have spaghetti last night?
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ใใ“ใงๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่žใใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆ˜จๅคœใ‚นใƒ‘ใ‚ฒใƒƒใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ‹ ๏ผŸ
162:49
Then I can say no, we had pizza instead.
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ใใ‚Œใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใƒ”ใ‚ถใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎ
162:55
So when I don't want to specify the 2nd noun or the second action because it's already
2538
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ใŸใ‚ใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ่ฉž ใ‚„ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ‹•ไฝœใŒๆ—ขใซ
163:03
been specified, my friend specified it so I don't need to repeat it.
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ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ—ใŸใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅ‹ไบบใŒๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ—ใŸใฎใง ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
163:09
In that case, I can just drop it and use instead.
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ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใƒ‰ใƒญใƒƒใƒ—ใ—ใฆไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
163:15
Did you have spaghetti?
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ใ‚นใƒ‘ใ‚ฒใƒƒใƒ†ใ‚ฃใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
163:17
No, we had pizza instead instead of spaghetti.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ‚นใƒ‘ใ‚ฒใƒƒใƒ†ใ‚ฃใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใƒ”ใ‚ถใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
163:22
But I don't mean to say it, it would be repetitive.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
163:25
No, we have pizza instead.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใƒ”ใ‚ถใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
163:28
So just remember that rather than is used to express a preference between two things
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚€ใ—ใ‚ใ€ใฏ 2 ใคใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฎ้–“ใฎๅฅฝใฟใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ€ใ€Œไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใฏ
163:35
and instead of is used to talk about substitution.
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ไปฃๆ›ฟใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
163:41
So taking that action and one of them is going away.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใฎใ†ใกใฎ1ใคใŒๆถˆใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
163:46
Now the best way of course to really feel confident is to practice these.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใคใŸใ‚ใฎๆœ€่‰ฏใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅฎŸ่ทตใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
163:51
So I want you to leave your own sentences in the comments below.
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ใใ“ใงใ€ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
163:55
Why don't you try 4 sentences, 2 with instead of and two with rather than?
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4 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใฏ ใ„ใ‹ใŒใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
164:02
Because you can practice with the gerund and the noun for each so you get really comfortable
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใจๅ่ฉžใ‚’ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็ทด็ฟ’ใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
164:07
with that advanced sentence structure.
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้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
164:09
Are you ready for your quiz?
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
164:10
Hit, pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the
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ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ
164:20
answers.
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
164:24
Let's move on and talk about should, must, and have to.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œ ใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
164:29
Now.
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ไปŠใ€‚
164:30
All three of these are modal verbs and we use them to talk about obligation or to give
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 3 ใคใฏใ™ในใฆๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ็พฉๅ‹™ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
164:37
advice.
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ใ€‚
164:38
First, let's talk about should we use should to give advice or opinion or a recommendation.
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ใพใšใ€ ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚„ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ€ๆŽจๅฅจใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ should ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ในใใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
164:47
So keep in mind should is not an obligation.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใฏ็พฉๅ‹™ใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใซ็•™ๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
164:52
So let's think of a scenario where you could give advice, an opinion or a recommendation.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ€ๆŽจๅฅจไบ‹้ …ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ทใƒŠใƒชใ‚ชใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
164:59
Let's say your friend calls you and says I feel overwhelmed at work to your friends in
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ€็งใŒ ไป•ไบ‹ใง
165:07
a negative situation and you want to give some advice and opinion or recommendation.
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ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช็Šถๆณใซ้™ฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚„ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ€ๆŽจๅฅจไบ‹้ …ใ‚’ไผใˆใŸใ„ใจไผใˆใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
165:12
You can use should.
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shouldใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธŠๅธใซ
165:14
You can reply back and say you should talk to your boss.
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็›ธ่ซ‡ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่ฟ”ไบ‹ใ‚’่ฟ”ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
165:19
Now let's take a look at the structure.
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ใงใฏใ€ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
165:21
We need should and a base verb.
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should ใจๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
165:24
The base verb is simply the infinitive.
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ๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๅ˜ใซไธๅฎš่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‚‚
165:27
Without to you should talk.
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ใ›ใšใซ่ฉฑใ™ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
165:31
You should talk to your boss.
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ไธŠๅธใซ็›ธ่ซ‡ใ—ใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚
165:34
I could use a negative and I could say you shouldn't.
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ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช่กจ็พใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ—ใ€ใใ† ใ™ในใใงใฏใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
165:38
You shouldn't take on any more work.
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ไปฅไธŠไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅผ•ใๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
165:42
Or maybe I could give her some advice or my recommendation.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใซใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚„ ๆŽจๅฅจไบ‹้ …ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
165:46
My opinion and say you should ask a colleague for help.
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็งใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ๅŒๅƒšใซๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
165:52
Now it's your turn to practice this structure.
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ๆฌกใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
165:55
Let's say I call you and I say I have a really bad headache.
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้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ ้ ญใŒ็—›ใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ
166:02
What's some advice, a recommendation or an opinion you can share with me using should
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ใ™ในใใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ็งใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€ๆŽจๅฅจไบ‹้ …ใ€ใพใŸใฏๆ„่ฆ‹ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹
166:09
or shouldn't?
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?
166:10
And remember, you need your base verb.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
166:12
So put your example in the comments now.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไปŠใ™ใใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
166:16
Now let's talk about must.
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ใ•ใฆใ€mustใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
166:18
Must is used for obligation.
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Mustใฏ็พฉๅ‹™ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
166:20
For example, you must finish the report by 5:00.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใฏ 5:00 ใพใงใซๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
166:26
I have no option.
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้ธๆŠž่‚ขใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
166:29
I must finish the report by 5:00.
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5ๆ™‚ใพใงใซใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
166:33
It's an obligation.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็พฉๅ‹™ใงใ™ใ€‚
166:36
Now let's take a look at the structure.
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ใงใฏใ€ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
166:38
We use must with a base verb.
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ๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใจไธ€็ท’ใซmustใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
166:41
You must finish.
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็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
166:44
You must finish the report by 5:00.
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5ๆ™‚ใพใงใซใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
166:46
I might get an e-mail from the government that says you must file your taxes by the
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ๆ”ฟๅบœใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœˆๆœซ ใพใงใซ็จŽ้‡‘ใ‚’็”ณๅ‘Šใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€
166:54
end of the month or to apply for a job.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏไป•ไบ‹ใซๅฟœๅ‹Ÿใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†้›ปๅญใƒกใƒผใƒซใŒๅฑŠใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
166:58
They might tell me you must submit your application online.
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็”ณ่ซ‹ๆ›ธใฏใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใงๆๅ‡บใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
167:03
So now it's your turn to practice.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
167:05
I want you to leave an example in the comments using must and remember, it's an obligation
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใ€Œ mustใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พฉๅ‹™ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
167:11
and you need a base verb.
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ๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
167:13
So leave your example.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
167:14
Now let's move on to have to have to is also used for obligation, but generally that obligation
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆฌกใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† to have to have to ใฏ ็พฉๅ‹™ใซใ‚‚ไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใŒใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใใฎ็พฉๅ‹™ใฏ
167:24
is coming from someone else, an outside force.
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่ชฐใ‹ไป–ใฎไบบใ€ใคใพใ‚Šๅค–้ƒจใฎๅŠ›ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
167:27
For example, I could say I have to walk my dog.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็Šฌใฎๆ•ฃๆญฉใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
167:33
So first let's take a look at the sentence structure.
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ใใ“ใงใ€ใพใšใฏๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
167:36
Here we have have and then are infinitive.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ have ใจ then ใŒไธๅฎš่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
167:40
So keep in mind this one we use have to have to and the base verb I have to walk my dog.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งใŸใกใŒไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎ have to have to ใจใ€ๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉž I have to walk my Dog ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
167:50
So whether or not I want to walk my dog isn't really the issue here, is that as a pet owner,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็งใŒ็Šฌใฎๆ•ฃๆญฉใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅ•้กŒใงใฏใชใใ€ใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใฎ้ฃผใ„ไธปใจใ—ใฆ
167:58
I'm obligated.
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็งใซใฏ็พฉๅ‹™ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
167:59
To.
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ใซใ€‚
168:00
Walk my dog.
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็งใฎ็Šฌใฎๆ•ฃๆญฉใ€‚
168:04
I have to walk my dog.
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็Šฌใฎๆ•ฃๆญฉใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
168:07
Or I could say I have to babysit my cousin this weekend.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ไปŠ้€ฑๆœซใ„ใจใ“ใฎๅญๅฎˆใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
168:13
So again, the obligation is coming from somewhere else.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€็พฉๅ‹™ใฏๅˆฅใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใพใ™ ใ€‚
168:17
So maybe my aunt is requiring that I do this.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ๅ”ๆฏใŒ็งใซใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†่ฆๆฑ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
168:21
Or another family member I have to babysit my cousin this weekend.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ๅˆฅใฎๅฎถๆ—ใŒ ไปŠ้€ฑๆœซใ€ใ„ใจใ“ใฎๅญๅฎˆใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
168:27
Remember, to babysit are infinitive.
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to babysit ใฏไธๅฎš่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
168:30
Or I could say I have to buy a new car.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่ปŠใ‚’่ฒทใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
168:35
Now the obligation is my current car doesn't work anymore, so I have to buy a new car.
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็พๅœจใฎ่ปŠใŒ ใ‚‚ใ†ๅ‹•ใ‹ใชใใชใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่ปŠใ‚’่ฒทใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
168:43
It's not my choice.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎ้ธๆŠžใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—
168:44
I don't want to.
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ใŸใใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
168:46
But I.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€
168:47
Have to because my current car doesn't work.
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ไปŠใฎ่ปŠใŒๅ‹•ใ‹ใชใ„ใฎใงใใ†ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
168:51
So now it's your turn to practice.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠ้€ฑใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„
168:53
Let us know in the comments something you have to do this week have to do.
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ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
169:01
Remember to use the infinitive.
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ไธๅฎš่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
169:02
So to summarize, should is used with advice, opinion, or recommendation.
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่ฆ็ด„ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ should ใฏใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€ ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ€ๆŽจๅฅจไบ‹้ …ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
169:09
Must and have to are used with obligations.
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Must ใจ Have to ใฏ็พฉๅ‹™ใจใจใ‚‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
169:12
You might be wondering what's the difference?
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ไฝ•ใŒ้•ใ†ใฎใ‹ใจ็–‘ๅ•ใซๆ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
169:15
Well, generally I see must being used by the government or official bodies, official bodies
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ใพใ‚ใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ€Must ใฏ ๆ”ฟๅบœใ‚„ๅ…ฌ็š„ๆฉŸ้–ขใ€
169:23
that give us rules and regulations and and I see it on online forms as well.
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่ฆๅ‰‡ใ‚„่ฆๅˆถใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๅ…ฌ็š„ๆฉŸ้–ขใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’็›ฎใซใ—ใพใ™ใ—ใ€ ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณ ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใงใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎ
169:30
That's when I see must the most.
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ๆ™‚ใŒไธ€็•ชใƒžใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
169:33
Now with half two, I see that as an outside pressure so that would be the difference between
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ใƒใƒผใƒ•ใƒ„ใƒผใซใชใฃใŸไปŠใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅค–้ƒจใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใƒ—ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฃใƒผใ ใจๆ€ใ† ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไธก่€…ใฎๅทฎใซใชใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†
169:41
those two.
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ใ€‚
169:42
And remember should and must plus base verb, but have to verb have in the infinitive.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ should ใจmustใซๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใพใ™ ใŒใ€have toๅ‹•่ฉžใฏไธๅฎš่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
169:51
So now you know how to use should, must and have to.
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ใงใ€ shouldใ€mustใ€have to ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
169:55
Are you ready for your quiz?
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
169:57
Hit, pause.
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ใƒ’ใƒƒใƒˆใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ€‚
169:58
Take as much time as you need.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
169:59
And when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
170:10
Our final group of confusing words, Let's talk about have known and don't have.
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ๆททไนฑใ‚’ๆ‹›ใๅ˜่ชžใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฏใ€ ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใจๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
170:17
So let me give you an example sentence.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
170:20
I have no time.
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ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
170:22
I don't have any time.
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ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
170:25
Now both of these examples have the exact same meaning.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ใฏไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚ใพใฃใŸใ ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใกใพใ™ใ€‚
170:30
We're talking about the existence of time and we're making it negative.
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็งใŸใกใฏๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅญ˜ๅœจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใซๆ‰ฑใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
170:36
So we're saying it doesn't exist in this specific situation.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎ็Šถๆณใงใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
170:41
Now when you look at the sentences, you'll notice that the grammar, the sentence structure
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚„ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใŒ
170:46
is very different.
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ๅคงใใ็•ฐใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
170:48
The standard way to form a negative is simply to use the second one.
2647
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ใƒใ‚ฌใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๆจ™ๆบ–็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใซ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใƒใ‚ฌใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
170:54
I don't have any time.
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ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
170:56
That's probably the one that you're most comfortable with.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅฟซ้ฉใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚„ๆ˜ ็”ปใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๆ•™ๅฎคใฎๅค–ใงใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใใŸใ‚ใ€
171:00
Now I get questions a lot from students because they hear from native speakers on TV, movies
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ไปŠใงใฏ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ˆใ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใพใ™
171:06
or outside of the classroom.
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ใ€‚
171:08
They hear native speakers forming negatives with have no and saying I have no time and
2652
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒใ€Œhave noใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œๆ™‚้–“ใŒใชใ„ใ€ใงๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใ„ใฆ ใ€
171:14
they're confused by the grammar.
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
171:16
So let's make this nice and easy for you.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
171:19
So remember the meaning is the same.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่ฆšใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆฌฒๆœ›ใ€ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ€ๆ…‹ๅบฆใ€ๆฆ‚ๅฟตใซใคใ„ใฆ
171:22
We use have no plus the noun when we're talking about desires, emotions, attitudes and concepts.
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่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏใ€have no ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
171:35
So you can think of time as a concept, but let me give you another example.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๆฆ‚ๅฟตใจใ—ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
171:41
With a desire or an emotion or maybe even an attitude, I could say my boss has no patience.
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ๆฌฒๆœ›ใ‚„ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ ๆ…‹ๅบฆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ‚‚ใ€็งใฎไธŠๅธใฏๅฟ่€ๅŠ›ใŒใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
171:49
My boss has no patience.
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็งใฎไธŠๅธใฏๅฟ่€ๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
171:53
Now remember, have no of course or verb is have.
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ใ•ใฆใ€have no ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ have ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
171:57
We need to conjugate it with the subject.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธป้กŒใจ็ตใณใคใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
172:00
So here my subject is my boss, third person singular.
2662
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฎ็งใฎไธป่ชžใฏ็งใฎไธŠๅธใ€ไธ‰ไบบ็งฐ ๅ˜ๆ•ฐใงใ™ใ€‚
172:04
So I need has my boss has no patience.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไธŠๅธใซใฏๅฟ่€ๅŠ›ใŒใชใ„ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
172:08
I could also say my boss has no idea that would be a concept.
2664
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็งใฎไธŠๅธใฏใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ปใƒ—ใƒˆใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใพใฃใŸใ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
172:14
My boss has no right, a concept.
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็งใฎไธŠๅธใซใฏๆจฉๅˆฉใ‚‚ๆฆ‚ๅฟตใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
172:18
My boss has no confidence that could be an attitude or an emotion.
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็งใฎไธŠๅธใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ…‹ๅบฆใ‚„ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใซ่‡ชไฟกใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
172:23
So other common things you could use happiness, peace, joy, any sort of skill as well.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใฎไป–ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใฏใ€ๅนธ็ฆใ€ ๅนณๅ’Œใ€ๅ–œใณใ€ใใฎไป–ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
172:32
So in that category of nouns we can use the structure have no now we use our standard
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใฎใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชใฎๅ่ฉžใงใฏใ€have no ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็พๅœจใฏใ€ๆจ™ๆบ–
172:39
structure don't have plus a physical noun.
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ๆง‹้€  don't have ใซๅŠ ใˆใฆ็‰ฉ็†ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
172:45
So anything like pens, papers, scissors, a computer, a phone, all of these are physical
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒšใƒณใ€็ด™ใ€ใฏใ•ใฟใ€ ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ€้›ป่ฉฑใชใฉใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ็‰ฉ็†
172:52
nouns.
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ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
172:53
They're not concepts, They're not emotions, they're not desires, they're physical.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆฆ‚ๅฟตใงใฏใชใใ€ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใงใ‚‚ใ€ ๆฌฒๆœ›ใงใ‚‚ใ€็‰ฉ็†็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
172:57
So we can use this structure.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
172:59
And I would simply say I don't have a pen, I don't have scissors, I don't have paper
2674
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏๅ˜็ด”ใซใ€ไปŠใฏใƒšใƒณใ‚‚ ใƒใ‚ตใƒŸใ‚‚็ด™ใ‚‚ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™
173:07
right now.
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ใ€‚
173:09
Of course we can absolutely use don't have with the concepts, the desires, the emotions.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ๆฆ‚ๅฟตใ€ๆฌฒๆœ›ใ€ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏใ€็ตถๅฏพใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
173:17
My boss doesn't have any patience.
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็งใฎไธŠๅธใฏๅฟ่€ๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
173:20
That's absolutely correct.
2678
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ใใ‚ŒใฏใพใฃใŸใๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
173:22
So remember that don't have is the standard way to form a negative sentence.
2679
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€don't have ใŒๅฆๅฎšๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๆจ™ๆบ–็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
173:29
And have no isn't an alternative way that's only used in specific situations.
2680
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ใพใŸใ€ใ€Œhave noใ€ใฏใ€ ็‰นๅฎšใฎ็Šถๆณใงใฎใฟไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ไปฃๆ›ฟๆ–นๆณ•ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
173:36
So the one specific situation is when we're talking about desires, concepts, emotions
2681
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใช็Šถๆณใฏใ€ ๆฌฒๆœ›ใ€ๆฆ‚ๅฟตใ€ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…
173:43
and attitudes.
2682
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ใ€ๆ…‹ๅบฆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚
173:44
Now another time when we can use have no and the noun is, we want to emphasize it.
2683
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ๆฌกใซใ€have no ใจๅ่ฉž is ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใจใใซ ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
173:52
We want to make it a lot stronger of a statement.
2684
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็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๅผทๅŠ›ใชใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
173:55
So I can use money as an example.
2685
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ใใ“ใงใ€ไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
173:58
Now money is a physical possession.
2686
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ไปŠใ‚„ใŠ้‡‘ใฏ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใชๆ‰€ๆœ‰็‰ฉใงใ™ใ€‚
174:01
I can feel it.
2687
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
174:03
I can see it.
2688
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
174:04
Not like patience, which I can't see.
2689
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็›ฎใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใชใ„ๅฟ่€ใจใฏ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
174:08
I can't feel it's just a concept or an attitude.
2690
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ปใƒ—ใƒˆใ‚„ๆ…‹ๅบฆใงใฏใชใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚
174:10
But money?
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ใงใ‚‚ใŠ้‡‘ใฏ๏ผŸ
174:11
I can feel it, I can touch it.
2692
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ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€่งฆใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
174:13
It's physical.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
174:14
To emphasize the statement, to make it more dramatic.
2694
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็™บ่จ€ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š ใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒžใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
174:18
I could use have no and a physical possession, so I could say I have no money, which emphasizes
2695
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have no ใจ a Physical Position ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ€ใ€ŒใŠ้‡‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
174:29
it.
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ใ€‚ ใŠ้‡‘ใŒ
174:30
It makes it stronger than saying I don't have any money, I have no money.
2697
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ใชใ„ใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใŒใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅผทใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
174:36
So you might hear statements like this when you really want to emphasize that you don't
2698
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใซใฏใใ‚ŒใŒใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ„ใจใใซใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็™บ่จ€ใ‚’่žใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
174:41
have it.
2699
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ใ€‚
174:42
Now although you can use have no with physical nouns, you know you have to think.
2700
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ใ•ใฆใ€็‰ฉ็†ๅ่ฉžใง have no ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™ใŒ ใ€่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒšใƒณใ‚’
174:48
Is it common to emphasize that you don't have a pen?
2701
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ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸ
174:51
Like, would it be common to say I have no pens?
2702
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฏใƒšใƒณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ๏ผŸ
174:55
I mean, I guess depending on context it could be acceptable to emphasize that you don't
2703
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆ–‡่„ˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€ใƒšใƒณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ่จฑๅฎนใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
175:02
have a pen, but really it's not something that you emphasize that you make more dramatic.
2704
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒžใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
175:09
So just keep in mind that the standard structure is don't have and you're a noun.
2705
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆจ™ๆบ–็š„ใชๆง‹้€ ใฏ don't have ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€you ใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
175:15
But we can use have no and a noun.
2706
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€have no ใจ a ๅ่ฉžใฏไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
175:19
We use it in two specific situations.
2707
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ 2 ใคใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎ็Šถๆณใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
175:22
We commonly use it with concepts, feelings, emotions, desires, or attitudes, and then
2708
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็งใŸใกใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ๆฆ‚ๅฟตใ€ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ€ ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ€ๆฌฒๆœ›ใ€ใพใŸใฏๆ…‹ๅบฆใจไธ€็ท’ใซ
175:29
we can use it with physical nouns when we want to emphasize that physical noun.
2709
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€็‰ฉ็†ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€็‰ฉ็†ๅ่ฉžใจไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
175:37
So now it's your turn to practice.
2710
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
175:40
I want you to leave three sentences, one using have no and a desire, an attitude or a concept.
2711
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3 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€1 ใคใฏ have no ใจใ€ๆฌฒๆœ›ใ€ๆ…‹ๅบฆใ€ใพใŸใฏๆฆ‚ๅฟตใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
175:50
Another one just using your simple don't have and a physical noun.
2712
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ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฏใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใช don't have ใจ็‰ฉ็†ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ ใ€‚
175:54
And your third one I want you to use have no and a physical noun, but a physical noun
2713
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3 ใค็›ฎใฏ no ใจ็‰ฉ็†ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ„็‰ฉ็†ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
176:00
that you want to emphasize.
2714
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ใ€‚
176:03
So choose that noun carefully, because remember, would I really emphasize that I have no chapstick,
2715
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใฎๅ่ฉžใฏๆ…Ž้‡ใซ้ธใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ็งใฏ็ฎธใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹
176:11
for example?
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?
176:12
So.
2717
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€‚
176:13
Think carefully about which physical noun you want to use, and make sure it makes sense
2718
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ใฉใฎ็‰ฉ็†ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ…Ž้‡ใซ่€ƒใˆ ใ€ใใฎๅ่ฉžใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅˆ็†็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
176:19
to emphasize that you don't have it.
2719
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ใ€‚
176:22
So leave those in the comments below.
2720
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ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
176:25
Are you ready for your quiz?
2721
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
176:26
Hit pause.
2722
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ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
176:28
Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
2723
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ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ€ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
176:40
Our first confusing word pair is few and and a few.
2724
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ็ด›ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใฎใƒšใ‚ขใฏใ€ๅฐ‘ๆ•ฐใจ ๅฐ‘ๆ•ฐใงใ™ใ€‚
176:45
So notice what's difference.
2725
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้•ใ„ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
176:46
Here is just the article A.
2726
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่จ˜ไบ‹ A.
176:49
Few.
2727
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ๅฐ‘ๆ•ฐใงใ™ใ€‚
176:51
Now the difference in meaning between these two is subtle, okay.
2728
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎ้•ใ„ใฏๅพฎๅฆ™ใงใ™ใ€‚
176:56
So it's a small difference in meaning and a few is just more commonly used.
2729
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎ้•ใ„ใฏใ‚ใšใ‹ใงใ€ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–นใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
177:04
So just keep that in mind.
2730
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
177:06
Now few without the article, this means a small quantity.
2731
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ไปŠใงใฏ่จ˜ไบ‹ใฎใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘้‡ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
177:14
So I could say few members of the committee were there few members.
2732
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅง”ๅ“กไผšใฎใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
177:24
So this means that a small quantity of members were at the committee.
2733
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ๅง”ๅ“กไผšใซใฏๅฐ‘ๆ•ฐใฎๅง”ๅ“กใŒใ„ใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
177:32
It also means that the majority of the members were.
2734
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใฎๅคงๅŠใŒใใ† ใ ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
177:38
Not.
2735
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ใชใ„ใ€‚
177:39
At the committee.
2736
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ๅง”ๅ“กไผšใซใฆใ€‚
177:40
So keep that in mind.
2737
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟƒใซ็•™ใ‚ใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
177:42
And when I say majority, I'm talking about 90 to 95% because few members would be, you
2738
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŒ้ŽๅŠๆ•ฐใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ 90๏ผ…ใ‹ใ‚‰95๏ผ…ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅง”ๅ“กไผšใฎใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ„ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€
177:50
know, 5 percent, 10% maximum, few members of the committee were.
2739
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ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€5๏ผ…ใ€ๆœ€ๅคงใง10๏ผ…ใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎ ๅง”ๅ“กไผšใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใฏใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
177:56
There.
2740
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ใใ“ใซใฏใ€‚
177:57
Now, I could say a few members of the committee were there, a few including the article.
2741
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅง”ๅ“กไผšใฎใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใฏๆ•ฐๅ ใ€่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚‚ๅซใ‚ใฆๆ•ฐๅใŒใใ“ใซใ„ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
178:07
Now here's where it might seem confusing because the number of members is the same when I say
2742
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ๅฐ‘ๆ•ฐใจ ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใฎๆ•ฐใฏๅŒใ˜ใชใฎใงใ€ๆททไนฑใ—ใฆ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
178:14
a few, it's still a small quantity of members.
2743
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ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ๆ•ฐใฎใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
178:20
So what's the difference?
2744
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
178:22
The difference is on what you're emphasizing.
2745
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้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใ‚’้‡่ฆ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใซใ„ใŸ
178:26
When I say few members of the committee were there, I'm really emphasizing.
2746
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ๅง”ๅ“กไผšใฎใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจ็งใŒ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏ ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
178:32
The lack.
2747
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ไธ่ถณใ€‚
178:33
Of of members.
2748
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ใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใฎใ€‚
178:35
I'm emphasizing that the majority of the members weren't there.
2749
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6230
ใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใฎๅคงๅคšๆ•ฐใŒ ใใ“ใซใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
178:41
But when I say a few members of the committee were there, I'm emphasizing the number, although
2750
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŒๆ•ฐไบบใฎๅง”ๅ“กใŒ ใใ“ใซใ„ใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€็งใฏใใ“ใซใ„ใŸๅง”ๅ“กใฎๆ•ฐใฏๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใจใฏใ„ใˆใ€ใใฎๆ•ฐใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
178:49
small, the number of the committee members that were there.
2751
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ใ€‚
178:55
So my focus is on the members that were there.
2752
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใใ“ใซใ„ใŸใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
178:59
So that's the difference.
2753
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
179:01
I know, very subtle, right?
2754
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2470
ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅพฎๅฆ™ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
179:03
Maybe even hard to really understand it.
2755
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
179:06
But let me give you a simpler example that everybody can relate to.
2756
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฃใจๅ˜็ด”ใชไพ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
179:12
So let's say you're new in a city, OK?
2757
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใฎ้ƒฝๅธ‚ใซๅˆใ‚ใฆๆฅใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
179:14
And because of that, you haven't met very many people yet.
2758
10754930
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใพใ ใ‚ใพใ‚ŠๅคšใใฎไบบใซไผšใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
179:20
You can say I have few friends in this city, or you could say I have a few friends in this
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ใ“ใฎ่ก—ใซใฏ็งใซใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใชใ„ใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ“ใฎ่ก—ใซใฏๆ•ฐไบบใฎๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™
179:34
city.
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ใ€‚
179:35
Hmm.
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ใตใƒผใ‚€ใ€‚
179:37
So in both cases, we're talking about a small quantity, right?
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ€ๅฐ‘้‡ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ ใญใ€‚
179:42
But think about how it's what you're emphasizing that's different and how this might change
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ†…ๅฎนใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ้•ใ†ใฎใ‹ใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŒ
179:49
the emotion that you have about the statement.
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ใใฎ็™บ่จ€ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๆŠฑใๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹โ€‹โ€‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
179:53
Because when I say I have few friends in this city, it's really emphasized emphasizing the
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒใ“ใฎ่ก—ใซใฏๅ‹้”ใŒๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ ใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซ
179:59
lack of friends that I have.
2766
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็งใซๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
180:03
But when I say I have a few friends in the city, is emphasizing the friends I have.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŒใ“ใฎ่ก—ใซๆ•ฐไบบใฎๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจ ใ€็งใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ‹้”ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
180:11
Although it's a small number of friends, maybe only two or three, I still have two or three
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ๅ‹้”ใฎๆ•ฐใฏๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ 2ใ€œ3ไบบใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใŒใ€่ก—ใซใฏใพใ 2ใ€œ3ไบบใฎๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใพใ™
180:18
friends in the city That's better than 0 friends, right?
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ๅ‹้”ใŒ0ไบบใ‚ˆใ‚Šใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ
180:23
So in the first example it.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใใ†ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
180:25
Sounds a.
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่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌ ๅฆ‚ใ‚’
180:26
Little more sad because you're emphasizing lack.
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ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™ ใ€‚
180:29
In the second example.
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€‚ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ
180:31
It sounds a little more positive because you're emphasizing what you have.
2774
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ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
180:37
So if it helps you to think of it like this, you can think of few as not many.
2775
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใฏๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
180:45
I have few friends in the city.
2776
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้ƒฝไผšใซใฏๅ‹้”ใŒใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
180:49
I don't have many friends in the city, but you can think of a few as some.
2777
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ใ“ใฎ่ก—ใซใฏ็งใซใฏๅ‹้”ใŒใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฏใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
180:57
I have a few friends in the city, two or three I have some friends in the city, so they're
2778
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็งใฏๅธ‚ๅ†…ใซๆ•ฐไบบใฎๅ‹ไบบใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅธ‚ๅ†…ใซใฏ 2 ไบบใ‹ 3 ไบบใฎ ๅ‹ไบบใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
181:05
more closely related and they differ from few, so hopefully that will help you understand
2779
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฏ†ๆŽฅใช้–ขไฟ‚ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฐ‘ๆ•ฐใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ใใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใจๅนธใ„ใงใ™
181:13
the meaning.
2780
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ใ€‚
181:14
And remember, it's a very subtle difference, But that article does make a difference.
2781
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๅพฎๅฆ™ใช้•ใ„ใงใ™ ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใฏ็ขบใ‹ใซ้•ใ„ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
181:20
So now it's your turn to practice.
2782
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎ
181:23
I want you to leave two sentences in the comments below, one with few and one with a few.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚1 ใคใฏๅฐ‘ใชใ„ๆ–‡ใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฏๅฐ‘ใชใ„ๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
181:30
Remember few.
2784
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1560
ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
181:32
You're emphasizing the lack, but a few.
2785
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3429
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไธ่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹
181:35
You're emphasizing the small quantity that's there.
2786
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้‡ใŒๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
181:39
Now that you know the difference between few and a few, let's start your quiz.
2787
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ๅฐ‘ๆ•ฐใจๅฐ‘ๆ•ฐใฎ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใง ใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
181:45
Here are the questions.
2788
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1080
่ณชๅ•ใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
181:46
Hit pause.
2789
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1000
ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
181:47
Take as much time as you need and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
2790
10907300
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ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
181:54
Here are your answers.
2791
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ญ”ใˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
181:55
Hit pause and compare your answers to these to see how well you did.
2792
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ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ€ ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใ†ใพใใงใใŸใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
182:02
So how did you do with that quiz?
2793
10922060
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
182:03
Share your score in the comments below and let's move on with our next confusing word
2794
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ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใ€ ๆฌกใฎ็ด›ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใฎใƒšใ‚ขใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
182:08
pair.
2795
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ใ€‚ ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€ไธ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚็‚นใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซใ€
182:09
Now let's look at sometime, sometime and sometimes sometime as one word is an adverb and we use
2796
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sometime ใ‚„ sometime ใ€ sometime sometime ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
182:21
this to talk about an unspecified point in time.
2797
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ใ€‚
182:27
Now when I say point in time, that's important because we're not talking about a span of
2798
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ใ“ใ“ใง็งใŒใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚็‚นใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฏๆ™‚้–“ใฎ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใ€ใคใพใ‚ŠๆŒ็ถšๆœŸ้–“ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ
182:33
time, a time that has a duration, We're talking about an unspecified point in time.
2799
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ใ€ ไธ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚็‚นใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
182:40
So I could say you should visit me sometime.
2800
10960970
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ„ใคใ‹็งใ‚’่จชใญใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
182:45
You should visit me sometime.
2801
10965370
1180
ใ„ใคใ‹็งใ‚’่จชใญใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚
182:46
Now when I say sometime, it's not specified.
2802
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3860
ใ“ใ“ใงใ€Œใ„ใคใ‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็‰นๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
182:50
It could be tomorrow, it could be next week, it could be next year, it could be next month
2803
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5380
ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€ๆฅ้€ฑใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€ ๆฅๅนดใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€ๆฅๆœˆใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€
182:55
anytime now.
2804
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ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่ฟ‘ใ„
182:58
I could also say I'll clean the garage sometime soon, so notice I added soon on to it because
2805
10978240
9550
ใ†ใกใซใ‚ฌใƒฌใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใŒใ€ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€ๆฅๅนดใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ ใ‘ใชใฎใงใ€ใ™ใใซๆ›ธใๅŠ ใˆใŸใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
183:07
I just said it could be tomorrow or it could be next year.
2806
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4630
ใ€‚
183:12
So if you want to make the time a little more specified, but.
2807
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4550
ใชใฎใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€‚
183:16
Still.
2808
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1000
ใพใ ใ€‚
183:17
Unspecified, you could add soon, sometime soon.
2809
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4530
่ฉณ็ดฐใฏไธๆ˜Žใงใ™ใŒใ€่ฟ‘ใ„ใ†ใกใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
183:22
I'll clean the garage sometime soon.
2810
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่ฟ‘ใ„ใ†ใกใซใ‚ฌใƒฌใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
183:25
Now let's talk about some time 2 words.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใใฎ้–“ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
183:29
So this is an expression.
2812
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ใใ‚Œใงใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚
183:31
An expression is simply when two or more words are combined to have one meaning.
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่กจ็พใจใฏใ€ๅ˜ใซ 2 ใคไปฅไธŠใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒ ็ตๅˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆ 1 ใคใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
183:37
Now the meaning for this expression some time is a period of time.
2814
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่กจ็พ some time ใฏใ€ใ€Œไธ€ๅฎšใฎ ๆœŸ้–“ใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
183:44
So that's why it was important to specify in our last example that it was an unspecified
2815
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใใ€ ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎไพ‹ใงใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไธ็‰นๅฎšใฎ
183:50
point in time, because as.
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ๆ™‚็‚นใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
183:53
2.
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2.
183:54
Words some time.
2818
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ใ„ใคใ‹่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใ€‚
183:56
It's a span of time, and it's generally.
2819
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ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€ๅฎšใฎๆœŸ้–“ใฎใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
184:00
A.
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A.
184:01
Longer span of time so you can think of it as a while.
2821
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ๆœŸ้–“ใŒ้•ทใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใใฎ้–“ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
184:06
So I could say it will be some time 2 words until restaurants reopen.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใŒๅ†้–‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใพใงใซใฏใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
184:15
So when I say some time, we don't know how long, but I know it's a longer span of time.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒใ€Œใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใฏใ€ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๆœŸ้–“ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚้•ทใ„ๆœŸ้–“ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฌใƒฌใƒผใ‚ธใฎ
184:24
I could also say it took me some time to clean the garage, so again, it's not specified.
2824
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ๆŽƒ้™คใซๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใง ใ€ใ‚„ใฏใ‚Šๆ˜Ž่จ˜ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
184:32
I don't know exactly.
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ๆญฃ็ขบใซใฏๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
184:33
Was it an hour?
2826
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1ๆ™‚้–“ใใ‚‰ใ„ใ ใฃใŸใ‹ใช๏ผŸ
184:35
Two hours.
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2ๆ™‚้–“ใ€‚
184:36
Three hours?
2828
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3ๆ™‚้–“๏ผŸ
184:37
I don't know, but it wasn't 5 minutes because I said some time, which is a longer period
2829
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใŸใ‚ใ€5ๅˆ†ใงใฏใชใ ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจ้•ทใ„
184:46
of time.
2830
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ๆ™‚้–“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
184:47
A while now sometimes as one word with an S This is an adverb, and perhaps it's the
2831
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ
184:56
one that you're most familiar with.
2832
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
184:58
Because this is an adverb of frequency used with the present simple verb tense sometimes
2833
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๅ‹•่ฉžใจไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹้ ปๅบฆใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆ™‚ๅˆถใฏ
185:06
means occasionally, but not often.
2834
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ๆ™‚ใ€…ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใŒใ€้ ป็นใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
185:10
So when you think about our adverbs of frequency, you can see that sometimes it's not as often
2835
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้ ปๅบฆใ‚’่กจใ™ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€้€šๅธธใปใฉ ้ ป็นใงใฏใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ
185:19
as usually, but it's more often than rarely.
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ใ€ใ‚ใฃใŸใซใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใฏ้ ป็นใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
185:25
So you can think about it as about 3 * a week.
2837
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้€ฑใซ็ด„ 3 * ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
185:30
So I could say she sometimes orders take out for lunch.
2838
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒฉใƒณใƒใซใƒ†ใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใ‚’ๆณจๆ–‡ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
185:36
I know this is not something she does every day, but it's something she does occasionally,
2839
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฝผๅฅณใŒๆฏŽๆ—ฅ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€
185:43
maybe about three times a week.
2840
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใ้€ฑใซ 3 ๅ›žใปใฉ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
185:47
And remember, it's an adverb of frequency used with the present simple.
2841
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจๅฝขใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹้ ปๅบฆใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
185:51
So my verb is in the present simple.
2842
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ใงใ™ใ€‚
185:55
Now just to use our garage example so you can see all three of them and compare them
2843
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ‚ฌใƒฌใƒผใ‚ธใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ 3 ใคใ™ในใฆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆไธฆในใฆๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
186:00
side by side.
2844
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ใ€‚
186:01
I could say he sometimes cleans the garage, so he does it occasionally, but not often,
2845
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ๅฝผใฏๆ™‚ใ€…ใ‚ฌใƒฌใƒผใ‚ธใฎๆŽƒ้™คใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใง ใ€้ ป็นใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
186:10
so maybe 3 or 4 * a year.
2846
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ๅนดใซ 3 ๅ›žใ‹ 4 ๅ›žใใ‚‰ใ„ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
186:13
But other things he does every single week, like clean his kitchen, but he sometimes cleans
2847
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใŒๆฏŽ้€ฑใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไป–ใฎใ“ใจใฏใ€ ใ‚ญใƒƒใƒใƒณใฎๆŽƒ้™คใชใฉใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆ™‚ใ€…ๆŽƒ้™คใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
186:21
his.
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ใ€‚
186:22
Garage.
2849
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ใ‚ฌใƒฌใƒผใ‚ธใ€‚
186:23
Are you ready for your quiz?
2850
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
186:25
Here are your questions.
2851
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ใ”่ณชๅ•ใฏใ“ใกใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
186:27
Hit pause.
2852
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ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
186:28
Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play To see the answers.
2853
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ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ€ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
186:35
Here are the answers.
2854
11195800
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็ญ”ใˆใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
186:37
Hit pause.
2855
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ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
186:39
Compare your answers to these and see how well you did.
2856
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ€ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ ใ†ใพใใงใใŸใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
186:43
So how did you do with that quiz?
2857
11203680
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
186:45
Share your score in the comments below and let's move on.
2858
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ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใงใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ€ๆฌกใซ ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
186:49
Now let's look at sell and sale.
2859
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๅฃฒใ‚Šใจๅฃฒใ‚Šใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
186:54
Now the main difference is that cell is a verb.
2860
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ไธปใช้•ใ„ใฏใ€ใ‚ปใƒซใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚
186:58
To.
2861
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ใซใ€‚
186:59
Cell and sale is a noun, which means it's a thing.
2862
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Cell ใจ sale ใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็‰ฉใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
187:05
We can use it with a sale, the sale or even for for.
2863
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ใ‚ปใƒผใƒซใ€ใ‚ปใƒผใƒซใ€ใพใŸใฏ for ใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
187:13
Sale.
2864
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ใ‚ปใƒผใƒซใ€‚
187:14
So let's talk about the verb.
2865
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
187:16
To.
2866
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ใซใ€‚
187:17
Sell now.
2867
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ไปŠใ™ใๅฃฒใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
187:18
To sell this simply means to make something available.
2868
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฒฉๅฃฒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๅ˜ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จๅฏ่ƒฝใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
187:23
For purchase.
2869
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่ฒทใ†ใŸใ‚ใซใ€‚
187:25
But because it's a verb, we're talking about it as an action okay.
2870
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€ ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใจใ—ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
187:30
So keep that in mind.
2871
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟƒใซ็•™ใ‚ใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
187:32
For example, the store sells athletic.
2872
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใใฎๅบ—ใงใฏใ‚ขใ‚นใƒฌใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใŒ่ฒฉๅฃฒใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
187:36
Goods.
2873
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ๅ“ใ€‚
187:37
Now of course, because it's a verb, we have to conjugate our verb with the subject, here
2874
11257430
6380
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไธป่ชžใจๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใงใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’
187:43
the store it.
2875
11263810
1600
ไฟๅญ˜ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
187:45
So we need to add an S onto the verb, and we also we need to put it in the correct verb
2876
11265410
8401
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใซ S ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใพใŸ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
187:53
tense as well.
2877
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2048
ใ€‚
187:55
So I could say in the past I.
2878
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2721
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไปฅๅ‰ใฏใ€Œ็งใฏ
187:58
Sold.
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ๅฃฒใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
187:59
Sold is the past simple of the verb to sell I.
2880
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Sold ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚I.
188:04
Sold.
2881
11284050
1000
Sold ใงใ™ใ€‚
188:05
My bike.
2882
11285050
1000
็งใฎ่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใ€‚
188:06
I sold my bike.
2883
11286050
1870
่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใ‚’ๅฃฒใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
188:07
Now sail as a noun.
2884
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ไปŠใฏๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆ่ˆชๆตทใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
188:10
There are different structures.
2885
11290770
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆง‹้€ ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
188:12
I'll talk about the two most common, and the first structure is something to be for sale,
2886
11292250
9550
ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช 2 ใคใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆง‹้€ ใฏใ€
188:21
for sale.
2887
11301800
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่ฒฉๅฃฒ็”จใซ่ฒฉๅฃฒใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
188:23
But remember, sale is a noun, so we still need a verb in the sentence.
2888
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€sale ใฏๅ่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€ ๆ–‡ใซใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
188:28
So in this sentence structure it's something and then the verb to be for sale.
2889
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใงใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๆฌกใซๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅฃฒใ‚Šใซๅ‡บใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
188:34
For example, this house is for sale.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใฎๅฎถใฏๅฃฒใ‚Šใซๅ‡บใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
188:38
Now, as a noun for sale just means.
2891
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7280
ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใฏ่ฒฉๅฃฒใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
188:45
Available.
2892
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1000
ๅˆฉ็”จๅฏ่ƒฝใ€‚ ใฎ
188:46
For.
2893
11326620
1000
ใŸใ‚ใซใ€‚
188:47
Purchase.
2894
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1000
่ณผๅ…ฅใ€‚
188:48
So it has the same meaning, but we're talking about it as a thing.
2895
11328620
4409
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใŒใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚’็‰ฉใจใ—ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
188:53
We're not talking about it as an action.
2896
11333029
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็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒๅ‹•ใจใ—ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
188:55
This house is for sale.
2897
11335630
3320
ใ“ใฎๅฎถใฏๅฃฒใ‚Šใซๅ‡บใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
188:58
Now, sale as a noun.
2898
11338950
3130
ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใฎ่ฒฉๅฃฒใ€‚
189:02
We can also say that something and then the verb to be on sale.
2899
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7780
that something ใซ็ถšใ‘ใฆ be on sale ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
189:09
On sale.
2900
11349860
1119
็™บๅฃฒไธญใ€‚
189:10
OK, let me give you an example.
2901
11350979
2710
OKใ€ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
189:13
I could say, do you sell?
2902
11353689
2420
ๅฃฒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
189:16
Bikes.
2903
11356109
1130
ใƒใ‚คใ‚ฏใ€‚
189:17
So I'm asking, imagine your store and I'm asking are bikes available for purchase?
2904
11357239
6621
ใใ“ใง่ณชๅ•ใชใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŠๅบ—ใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใฏ่ณผๅ…ฅๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ‹?
189:23
Do you sell bikes?
2905
11363860
2369
่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใฏๅฃฒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
189:26
Sell as a verb?
2906
11366229
1710
ๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆ่ฒฉๅฃฒใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
189:27
And then you could reply back and say yes, and all of our bikes are on sale right now.
2907
11367939
9130
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใจ่ฟ”ไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ๅฝ“็คพใฎ่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใฏใ™ในใฆ็พๅœจใ‚ปใƒผใƒซไธญใงใ™ใ€‚
189:37
All of our bikes.
2908
11377069
1000
็งใŸใกใฎใƒใ‚คใ‚ฏใฎใ™ในใฆใ€‚
189:38
Are the verb to be on sale.
2909
11378069
4111
ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ‚ปใƒผใƒซไธญใงใ™ใ€‚
189:42
What does that mean?
2910
11382180
1210
ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
189:43
All of our bikes are on sale.
2911
11383390
2290
ๅฝ“ๅบ—ใฎ่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใฏใ™ในใฆใ‚ปใƒผใƒซๅ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
189:45
Well, when something is on sale, it means it's being offered at a lower price than normal.
2912
11385680
8840
ใ•ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ‚ปใƒผใƒซใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ ้€šๅธธใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅฎ‰ใ„ไพกๆ ผใงๆไพ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
189:54
So if the bike is regularly $1000, perhaps the sale price is $800.
2913
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6290
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใŒ้€šๅธธ 1000 ใƒ‰ใƒซใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ ่ฒฉๅฃฒไพกๆ ผใฏ 800 ใƒ‰ใƒซใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ
190:00
The bike is on sale now using the article awe awe sale that would just be talking about.
2914
11400810
11730
่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใฏใ€ใพใ•ใซ่ฉฑ้กŒใซใชใ‚‹่จ˜ไบ‹ awe awe sale ใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚ปใƒผใƒซไธญใงใ™ ใ€‚
190:12
The fact.
2915
11412540
1000
ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ€‚
190:13
That things in the store are available for purchase at a discounted price.
2916
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5260
ๅบ—ๅ†…ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒ ๅ‰ฒๅผ•ไพกๆ ผใง่ณผๅ…ฅใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚
190:18
So I could say this store is having a sale this weekend.
2917
11418800
6410
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎๅบ—ใฏไปŠ้€ฑๆœซใ‚ปใƒผใƒซใ‚’้–‹ๅ‚ฌใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
190:25
So I'm not specifying specific items, I'm just saying in general, things at that store
2918
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6190
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ•†ๅ“ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ€ใใฎๅบ—ใงๆไพ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ•†ๅ“ใŒๆไพ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™
190:31
are being offered are being.
2919
11431400
3379
ใ€‚
190:34
Sold at A.
2920
11434779
1000
A.ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฎ‰ใ„ไพกๆ ผใง่ฒฉๅฃฒใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™
190:35
Lower price.
2921
11435779
1091
ใ€‚
190:36
The store is having a big sale.
2922
11436870
2359
ใใฎๅบ—ใงใฏๅคงใ‚ปใƒผใƒซใŒ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
190:39
This weekend.
2923
11439229
1771
ไปŠ้€ฑๆœซใ€‚
190:41
All their bikes are on sale, so we use On Sale to be on sale when we're specifying the
2924
11441000
8370
ใ™ในใฆใฎ่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใŒใ‚ปใƒผใƒซไธญใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใงใ™ในใฆใฎ่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใŒใ‚ปใƒผใƒซไธญใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ ็‰นๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ปใƒผใƒซไธญใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซ On Sale ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
190:49
specific thing all of our bikes are on sale for your quiz, here are your questions.
2925
11449370
9340
ใ“ใ“ใซ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
190:58
Hit pause.
2926
11458710
1000
ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
190:59
Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
2927
11459710
7380
ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ€ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
191:07
Here are the answers.
2928
11467090
2130
็ญ”ใˆใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
191:09
Hit pause, compare your answers to these and see how well you did.
2929
11469220
5719
ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใ€ ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใ†ใพใใงใใŸใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
191:14
So how did you do with that quiz?
2930
11474939
2071
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
191:17
Share your score in the comments below and let's move on.
2931
11477010
3929
ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใงใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ€ๆฌกใซ ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
191:20
Let's move on and look at the difference between raise and rise.
2932
11480939
5611
ๆฌกใซใ€raise ใจ raise ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
191:26
Both of these are verbs, and they're both used to talk about the increase.
2933
11486550
6439
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚ ๅข—ๅŠ ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
191:32
So something going up.
2934
11492989
2381
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒไธŠใŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
191:35
The difference between these two verbs is the sentence structure and how they're formed
2935
11495370
7270
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้•ใ„ใฏใ€ ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใจ
191:42
grammatically.
2936
11502640
1000
ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใชๅฝขๆˆๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
191:43
Because raise is a transitive verb.
2937
11503640
4550
raise ใฏไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
191:48
Don't let that confuse you.
2938
11508190
1330
ๆททไนฑใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
191:49
The only thing it means is that it requires a direct object.
2939
11509520
4589
ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€็›ดๆŽฅใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ ใ‘ใงใ™ ใ€‚
191:54
For example, in a classroom, the teacher could say.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆ•™ๅฎคใงๆ•™ๅธซใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
191:58
If you have any questions, please raise.
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ใ”่ณชๅ•ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ”็™บ่จ€ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
192:03
Now Hmm is this sentence correct or incorrect?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ็›ดๆŽฅใฎใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’
192:09
Well it's incorrect because we didn't identify the direct objects.
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็‰นๅฎšใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไธๆญฃ็ขบใงใ™ ใ€‚
192:14
So remember after raise you always raise something.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒฌใ‚คใ‚บใ—ใŸๅพŒใฏๅฟ…ใšไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใƒฌใ‚คใ‚บใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
192:20
So in this case, the teacher would need to say If you have any questions, please raise
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆ•™ๅธซใฏใ€Œ ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏๆ‰‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
192:28
your hand.
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ใ€‚
192:29
So you need to identify the something which is the direct object.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ็›ดๆŽฅใฎ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ญ˜ๅˆฅใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
192:34
In this case, the thing that is going up increasing is your hand.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไธŠใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ‰‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
192:40
Please raise your hand.
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ๆ‰‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
192:43
The verb rise, on the other hand, is an intransitive verb, which means it doesn't require a direct
2950
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ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ๅ‹•่ฉž raise ใฏ่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžใชใฎใง ใ€็›ดๆŽฅ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใ‚’ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“
192:52
object.
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ใ€‚
192:54
Now that simply means that we don't have to identify as something after the verb rise.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใซใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ็ซ‹ใกไธŠใŒใ‚ŠใฎๅพŒใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ญ˜ๅˆฅใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
193:01
We can have a period or a comma.
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ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใพใŸใฏใ‚ซใƒณใƒžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
193:05
We can end that part of the sentence.
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ๆ–‡ใฎใใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
193:08
For example, I could say the water.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆฐดใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
193:12
Level Rose.
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ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใƒญใƒผใ‚บใ€‚
193:14
The water level rose, so of course the water level went up.
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ๆฐดไฝใŒไธŠใŒใฃใŸใฎใงๅฝ“็„ถๆฐดไฝใ‚‚ ไธŠใŒใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
193:18
Rose is simply the past simple form of the verb rise.
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Rose ใฏๅ˜ใซๅ‹•่ฉž raise ใฎ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ๅฝขใงใ™ ใ€‚
193:24
Rise is an irregular verb.
2959
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Rise ใฏไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
193:26
It has an irregular past verb.
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ไธ่ฆๅ‰‡้ŽๅŽปๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
193:29
Which is?
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ใฉใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
193:30
Rose the water level.
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ๆฐดไฝใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
193:33
Rose.
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่–”่–‡ใ€‚
193:34
Now notice I can end my sentence right there.
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ใ“ใ“ใงๆ–‡ใ‚’็ต‚ไบ†ใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžใชใฎใง
193:37
I don't have to identify as something because it's intransitive.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใจใ—ใฆ่ญ˜ๅˆฅใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
193:42
Now going back to the verb raise, which is transitive, requires a direct object.
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ใ“ใ“ใงๅ‹•่ฉž raise ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็›ดๆŽฅ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
193:50
I could say the government raised the minimum wage.
2967
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ๆ”ฟๅบœใŒๆœ€ไฝŽ่ณƒ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅผ•ใไธŠใ’ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
193:55
The government raised increased something.
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ๆ”ฟๅบœใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅข—ใ‚„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
194:00
What did they increase?
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๅข—ใ‚„ใ—ใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
194:02
The minimum wage.
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ๆœ€ไฝŽ่ณƒ้‡‘ใ€‚
194:03
So that means the minimum wage went up.
2971
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ใคใพใ‚Šๆœ€ไฝŽ่ณƒ้‡‘ใŒไธŠใŒใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใญใ€‚
194:07
It increased, the government raised.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅข—ๅŠ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ๆ”ฟๅบœใฏๅผ•ใไธŠใ’ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
194:10
I need to identify the something the government raised the minimum wage and notice here raise
2973
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ๆ”ฟๅบœใŒๆœ€ไฝŽ่ณƒ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅผ•ใไธŠใ’ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€
194:17
in the past form is a regular verb, we just add an Ed to it.
2974
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้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใฎ raise ใฏ้€šๅธธใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใใ‚Œใซ Ed ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
194:23
Now taking that same sentence and thinking about rise which is intransitive, I don't
2975
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ๅŒใ˜ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใฆใ€ ่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ raise ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€
194:30
need a direct object.
2976
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็›ดๆŽฅ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใฏๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
194:31
I could say the minimum wage rose.
2977
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ๆœ€ไฝŽ่ณƒ้‡‘ใŒไธŠใŒใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
194:35
Remember, rose is just the past form the minimum wage.
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใƒใƒฉใฏๆœ€ไฝŽ่ณƒ้‡‘ใฎๅ˜ใชใ‚‹้ŽๅŽปใงใ™ ใ€‚
194:41
Rose.
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่–”่–‡ใ€‚
194:42
Hmm.
2980
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1020
ใตใƒผใ‚€ใ€‚
194:43
So remember, something raises something, but something rises.
2981
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
194:50
That's the sentence structure that you need to follow.
2982
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅพ“ใ†ในใๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใงใ™ ใ€‚
194:55
Now, technically these two can be used together, and I could say we raise.
2983
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใซใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€ ใƒฌใ‚คใ‚บใงใใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
195:03
OK, if I have the verb raise, I know I need something, We raise the flag.
2984
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OKใ€ๅ‹•่ฉž raise ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ€Œๆ——ใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
195:11
The flag goes up.
2985
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ๆ——ใŒไธŠใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
195:13
We raise the flag when the sun rises.
2986
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ๆ—ฅใŒๆ˜‡ใ‚‹ใจ็งใŸใกใฏๅ›ฝๆ——ใ‚’ๆŽฒใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
195:20
When the sun rises.
2987
11720070
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ๅคช้™ฝใŒๆ˜‡ใ‚‹ใจใใ€‚
195:22
So here because I used rise, I can end my sentence with a period because I don't need
2988
11722450
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€rise ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€
195:29
to identify an object after the verb rise.
2989
11729020
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ๅ‹•่ฉž raise ใฎๅพŒใซ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆ–‡ใ‚’ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใง็ต‚ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
195:34
And notice the verb tenses of this sentence.
2990
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
195:38
Both the verbs are in the present simple because.
2991
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚‚็พๅœจๅฝขใฎๅ˜็ด”ใช because ใงใ™ใ€‚
195:41
This is a.
2992
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€‚
195:42
Routine action.
2993
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1601
ๆ—ฅๅธธ็š„ใช่กŒๅ‹•ใ€‚
195:43
We raise the flag when the sun rises.
2994
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ๆ—ฅใŒๆ˜‡ใ‚‹ใจ็งใŸใกใฏๅ›ฝๆ——ใ‚’ๆŽฒใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
195:49
Are you ready for your quiz?
2995
11749970
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
195:51
Here are your questions.
2996
11751450
2070
ใ”่ณชๅ•ใฏใ“ใกใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
195:53
Hit, pause.
2997
11753520
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ใƒ’ใƒƒใƒˆใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ€‚
195:54
Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
2998
11754970
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ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ€ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
196:02
Here are the answers.
2999
11762360
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็ญ”ใˆใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
196:04
Hit pause.
3000
11764800
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ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
196:05
Compare your answers to these and see how well you did.
3001
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ€ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ ใ†ใพใใงใใŸใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
196:09
Awesome job.
3002
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซ
196:11
Let's move on and look at all and every.
3003
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้€ฒใ‚“ใงใ€ใ™ในใฆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
196:15
Now both of these are used with people and things.
3004
11775630
4069
็พๅœจใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚ไบบใ‚„็‰ฉใซๅฏพใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
196:19
They both have the same meaning.
3005
11779699
2671
ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
196:22
The difference is the grammar.
3006
11782370
3700
้•ใ„ใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
196:26
So we need to look at the sentence structure.
3007
11786070
2860
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
196:28
The important thing to keep in mind is that we use all plus a plural noun or an uncountable
3008
11788930
9250
่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใฏใ€ all ใซ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใพใŸใฏไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—
196:38
noun, and we use every with a singular noun.
3009
11798180
6000
ใ€every ใ‚’ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใจใจใ‚‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
196:44
This is a mistake I see from even my advanced students.
3010
11804180
4730
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไธŠ็ดšใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ ใ€‚
196:48
But it's a very easy mistake to fix, so make sure you write this down.
3011
11808910
5910
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฟฎๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใช้–“้•ใ„ใชใฎใงใ€ ๅฟ…ใšๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
196:54
Really important.
3012
11814820
1190
ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
196:56
Now this is a question that a student submitted.
3013
11816010
2630
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅญฆ็”Ÿใ‹ใ‚‰ๆๅ‡บใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
196:58
Now I can say I try to reply to all questions, all questions.
3014
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ไปŠใงใฏใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅŠชใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
197:07
Questions of course is a plural noun.
3015
11827720
2429
่ณชๅ•ใฏใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
197:10
Because of that my choice is all.
3016
11830149
2731
ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็งใฎ้ธๆŠžใŒใ™ในใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
197:12
Now I could also say I try to reply to every question.
3017
11832880
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ไปŠใงใฏใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅŠชใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
197:20
Now every needs a singular noun, so I just take off the S every question.
3018
11840410
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€every ใซใฏๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชใฎใงใ€ ่ณชๅ•ใ”ใจใซ S ใ‚’ๅ‰Š้™คใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
197:27
Both of these have the exact same meaning.
3019
11847729
3491
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
197:31
There's no difference between them, and it really doesn't matter which one you use.
3020
11851220
5480
ไธก่€…ใซ้•ใ„ใฏใชใใ€ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏ
197:36
I'm sure I use both just interchangeably.
3021
11856700
3860
ไธกๆ–นใ‚’ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
197:40
I would say that all puts more focus on a group, seeing the questions as one group,
3022
11860560
9870
allใ€ใฏ ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ 1 ใคใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใจใ—ใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซ้‡็‚นใ‚’็ฝฎใใ€
197:50
and then every puts more focus on the individual questions, but then within a.
3023
11870430
8009
ๆฌกใซใ€Œeveryใ€ใฏๅ€‹ใ€…ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ้‡็‚นใ‚’็ฝฎใใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใใฎๅพŒใฏ 1 ใคใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ๅ†…ใซ้›†ไธญใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
197:58
Group.
3024
11878439
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ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ€‚
197:59
So there's a subtle difference of what you're focusing on, but honestly, that's such a small
3025
11879439
4871
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใฏๅพฎๅฆ™ใช้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€ๆญฃ็›ดใชใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๅฐใ•ใช
198:04
difference.
3026
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1000
้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
198:05
I'd say that these are just used interchangeably.
3027
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4490
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
198:09
But remember we also use all with an uncountable noun.
3028
11889800
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€all ใฏไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใจไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
198:15
So let's take an uncountable noun that I see a lot of mistakes with, and that's the noun
3029
11895350
8030
ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€็งใŒใ‚ˆใ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไพ‹ใซๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ่ฉžใฎ
198:23
advice.
3030
11903380
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ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
198:24
Advice is uncountable, you can't put an S on it.
3031
11904380
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ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใฏๆ•ฐใˆๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใชใ„ใปใฉใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใซ S ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
198:27
Now in that case, I need to use all even though advice doesn't have an S because it's unaccountable.
3032
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใซ S ใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€่ชฌๆ˜Ž่ฒฌไปปใŒใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
198:36
So I could say thanks for.
3033
11916750
2370
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
198:39
All.
3034
11919120
1000
ๅ…จใฆใ€‚
198:40
The advice?
3035
11920120
1000
ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚น๏ผŸ
198:41
Thanks for.
3036
11921120
1190
ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
198:42
All.
3037
11922310
1000
ๅ…จใฆใ€‚
198:43
The advice okay, but there's a way that we can take our noun advice and make sure that
3038
11923310
7810
ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใฏๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ๅ่ฉžใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใŒ
198:51
someone understands that we're talking about.
3039
11931120
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่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ชฐใ‹ใซ็ขบๅฎŸใซ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
198:54
1.
3040
11934000
1000
1.
198:55
And we do that by adding piece of So for advice.
3041
11935000
5290
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใจใ—ใฆ So ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
199:00
Piece of advice.
3042
11940290
2300
ไธ€ใคใฎๅฟ ๅ‘Šใ€‚
199:02
That's how a native speaker specifies.
3043
11942590
2590
ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
199:05
That it's.
3044
11945180
1040
ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚
199:06
One so in this case I could say thanks for every piece of advice.
3045
11946220
7599
1 ใค็›ฎใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใซๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ ใ€‚
199:13
You.
3046
11953819
1000
ใ‚ใชใŸใ€‚
199:14
Gave me okay because peace is now our singular noun that I'm using with every not advice.
3047
11954819
11201
ๅนณๅ’ŒใฏไปŠใ‚„็งใŸใกใฎๅ˜ๆ•ฐ ๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็งใฏใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นไปฅๅค–ใฎใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
199:26
Because of that, I need every.
3048
11966020
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ™ในใฆใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
199:29
So make sure you pay attention to uncountable nouns.
3049
11969250
2640
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใซใฏๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
199:31
Those might be just a.
3050
11971890
1780
ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹aใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
199:33
Little trickier.
3051
11973670
2080
ๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
199:35
Now, it's very common to start your sentence with.
3052
11975750
5060
ใ•ใฆใ€ๆ–‡ใ‚’ ใงๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ ใ€‚
199:40
All.
3053
11980810
1000
ๅ…จใฆใ€‚
199:41
Or every the same rules apply.
3054
11981810
3140
ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ™ในใฆๅŒใ˜ใƒซใƒผใƒซใŒ้ฉ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
199:44
I could say all students need to bring their ID to the exam.
3055
11984950
6949
ใ™ในใฆใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใฏ่ฉฆ้จ“ใซ่บซๅˆ†่จผๆ˜Žๆ›ธใ‚’ๆŒๅ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
199:51
All students plural of course, plural noun with all.
3056
11991899
5241
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€All students ใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงใ€all ใฏๅ่ฉžใฎ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงใ™ ใ€‚
199:57
And that would become every student needs to bring their ID to the exam.
3057
11997140
8520
ใใ†ใชใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใŒ ่ฉฆ้จ“ใซ่บซๅˆ†่จผๆ˜Žๆ›ธใ‚’ๆŒๅ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒๅ‡บใฆใใพใ™ใ€‚
200:05
Now notice what also changes here.
3058
12005660
3590
ใ“ใ“ใงไฝ•ใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
200:09
It's.
3059
12009250
1000
ใใฎใ€‚
200:10
The verb in the sentence of course all students.
3060
12010250
4610
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ๆ–‡ไธญใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ™ในใฆใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใงใ™ใ€‚
200:14
I need to conjugate my verb.
3061
12014860
2850
ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
200:17
With.
3062
12017710
1000
ใจใ€‚
200:18
They They need.
3063
12018710
2540
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใฏๅฟ…่ฆใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
200:21
But but with every student I'm conjugating it as third person singular.
3064
12021250
6149
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏใฉใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใจใ‚‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธ‰ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐใจใ—ใฆๆดป็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
200:27
Either he or she, he needs, she needs.
3065
12027399
5580
ๅฝผใพใŸใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใŒใ€ๅฝผใ‚‚ๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใ‚‚ๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
200:32
So don't forget when all or every come at the beginning of the sentence that your verb
3066
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€all ใพใŸใฏ each ใŒๆ–‡ใฎๅ…ˆ้ ญใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚‚
200:38
also has to match your noun.
3067
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ๅ่ฉžใจไธ€่‡ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
200:41
So now you have everything, everything you need to fix this common mistake that I see.
3068
12041940
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ ็งใŒ็›ฎใซใ—ใŸใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ™ในใฆๆƒใฃใŸใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
200:50
I hope that answered your question for you.
3069
12050150
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฎ็ญ”ใˆใซใชใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
200:53
Now there's one last thing for you to do and not to practice.
3070
12053050
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒ 1 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
200:57
So I want you to leave an example in the comments below, 1 using all and one using every.
3071
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ใใ“ใงใ€ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒ ใ€1 ใคใฏใ™ในใฆใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฏใ™ในใฆใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
201:04
Now, just to get lots of practice, why not see if you can do an example where all and
3072
12064400
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ all and
201:10
every are in the middle of a sentence, and then definitely one where all and every start
3073
12070649
6170
Every ใŒๆ–‡ใฎ้€”ไธญใซใ‚ใ‚‹ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใฏใ„ใ‹ใŒใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฟ…ใš all and Every ใŒ
201:16
your sentence so you can get comfortable conjugating that verb as well.
3074
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ๆ–‡ใฎๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใซใชใ‚‹ไพ‹ใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใ€ใใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅฟซ้ฉใซๆดป็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
201:21
So that's four sentences in total.
3075
12081550
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ใคใพใ‚Šๅˆ่จˆ4ๆ–‡ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
201:24
Put them in the comments below.
3076
12084280
1920
ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
201:26
Are you ready for your quiz?
3077
12086200
1880
ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
201:28
Here are your questions.
3078
12088080
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ใ”่ณชๅ•ใฏใ“ใกใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
201:29
Hit, pause.
3079
12089580
1330
ใƒ’ใƒƒใƒˆใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ€‚
201:30
Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play To see the answers, Here are
3080
12090910
8090
ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ€ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€[ๅ†็”Ÿ] ใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚็ญ”ใˆใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™
201:39
the answers.
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12099000
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ใ€‚
201:40
Hit pause, Compare your answers to these and see how well you did.
3082
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6189
ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใ€ ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใ†ใพใใงใใŸใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
201:46
Let's keep going and look at all and.
3083
12106649
3081
็ถšใ‘ใฆใ™ในใฆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
201:49
Whole.
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12109730
1110
ๅ…จไฝ“ใ€‚ ๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅ‚็…งใ‚’ไผดใ†
201:50
Let's talk about how to use all and whole with time references.
3085
12110840
5399
all ใจ Whole ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
201:56
So let's take a look at two example sentences.
3086
12116239
3441
ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€2ใคใฎไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ไธ€
201:59
I could say I worked all the day, I worked the whole day.
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ๆ—ฅไธญๅƒใ„ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ—ใ€ไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญๅƒใ„ใŸ ใ€‚
202:07
What do you think about these two examples?
3088
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎไพ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
202:10
Hmm, are they correct?
3089
12130250
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
202:13
Are both of them correct?
3090
12133300
1530
ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
202:14
Is.
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12134830
1000
ใฏใ€‚
202:15
One of them incorrect.
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12135830
1730
ใใฎใ†ใกใฎ 1 ใคใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
202:17
What do you think?
3093
12137560
1200
ใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
202:18
So let me know in the comments, #1 correct or incorrect and then #2 correct or incorrect.
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12138760
6120
ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ€#1 ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ ใ‹้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๆฌกใซ #2 ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‹้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
202:24
So take some time, review them, pause the video if you need, and put your answer in
3095
12144880
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ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆๅ†…ๅฎนใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใ€ ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
202:29
the comments.
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ใ€‚
202:31
So this is one of the most common mistakes that I hear from students.
3097
12151040
3949
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅญฆ็”Ÿใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ˆใ่žใ้–“้•ใ„ใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ ใ€‚
202:34
I hear it every day.
3098
12154989
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ๆฏŽๆ—ฅ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
202:36
And to a native speaker, it sounds very odd, unnatural, and it's definitely obvious that
3099
12156900
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใซใจใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใงไธ่‡ช็„ถใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚ใใ—ใฆใ€
202:44
you're still struggling with English, but it's an easy mistake to fix.
3100
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5429
ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใพใ ่‹ฑ่ชžใซ่‹ฆๅŠดใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏไฟฎๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ็ฐกๅ˜ใช้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
202:49
OK, now the mistake is with sentence number one.
3101
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4661
ใ•ใฆใ€้–“้•ใ„ใฏๆ–‡ 1 ใงใ™ ใ€‚
202:54
Sentence number.
3102
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ๆ–‡็•ชๅทใ€‚
202:55
Two is correct.
3103
12175640
1860
๏ผ’ใคใŒๆญฃ่งฃใงใ™ใ€‚
202:57
I worked.
3104
12177500
1000
็งใฏๅƒใ„ใŸใ€‚
202:58
The whole day.
3105
12178500
1199
ไธ€ๆ—ฅใ€‚
202:59
Woohoo.
3106
12179699
1061
ใ†ใ‚ใƒผใ€‚
203:00
That's a great sentence.
3107
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1261
็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไธ€ๆ–‡ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
203:02
Add it to your vocabulary.
3108
12182021
2449
ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใซๅŠ ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
203:04
Sentence number one.
3109
12184470
1000
ๆ–‡ใใฎ๏ผ‘ใ€‚
203:05
I worked all the day.
3110
12185470
2250
็งใฏไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญๅƒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
203:07
This sentence is incorrect.
3111
12187720
1960
ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฏๆญฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
203:09
Now it's a minor mistake.
3112
12189680
2560
ไปŠใงใฏๅฐใ•ใช้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
203:12
Do you know what the mistake is?
3113
12192240
2110
ไฝ•ใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
203:14
If you do, put it in the comments, just try.
3114
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ€่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’
203:18
It's really important that you try to understand the mistakes because it shows that you understand
3115
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็†่งฃใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆทฑใ„ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใง็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
203:24
English at that deeper level.
3116
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2290
ใ€‚
203:26
So really try to think about this.
3117
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2200
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
203:28
I worked.
3118
12208530
1230
็งใฏๅƒใ„ใŸใ€‚
203:29
All.
3119
12209760
1000
ๅ…จใฆใ€‚
203:30
The day, in this case, we.
3120
12210760
2160
ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใฎๆ—ฅใฏ็งใŸใกใงใ™ใ€‚
203:32
Simply need to get.
3121
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ใŸใ ๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
203:34
Rid.
3122
12214380
1000
ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใใ€‚
203:35
Of one word.
3123
12215380
1420
ไธ€่จ€ใงใ€‚
203:36
When we do that, the sentence will be great and the only thing we need to get rid of is
3124
12216800
5170
ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๆ–‡็ซ ใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚Šใ€ ๅ‰Š้™คใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ
203:41
the article I worked.
3125
12221970
3450
็งใŒไฝœๆฅญใ—ใŸ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ ใ‘ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
203:45
All day.
3126
12225420
1729
ไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญใ€‚
203:47
Woohoo.
3127
12227149
1130
ใ†ใ‚ใƒผใ€‚
203:48
Now it sounds like a perfect sentence, so it's a minor change.
3128
12228279
4621
ใ“ใ‚ŒใงๅฎŒ็’งใชๆ–‡ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ๅฐใ•ใชๅค‰ๆ›ดใงใ™ใ€‚
203:52
So now you just need to remember the sentence structure.
3129
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3320
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใจใฏๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ ใ€‚
203:56
The sentence structure is all plus time reference, but the other structure is.
3130
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5340
ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใฏใ™ในใฆใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นๆ™‚้–“ๅ‚็…งใงใ™ ใŒใ€ไป–ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
204:01
The whole plus.
3131
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1370
ๅ…จไฝ“็š„ใซใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใ€‚
204:02
Time reference.
3132
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1700
ๆ™‚้–“ๅ‚็…งใ€‚
204:04
Now these are interchangeable.
3133
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2370
็พๅœจใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไบคๆ›ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ€‚
204:07
It doesn't matter which one you use.
3134
12247000
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
204:10
So I could say I cleaned my house all day, or I clean my house the whole day and they're
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญๅฎถใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ€ ไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญๅฎถใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
204:18
exactly the same, meaning, OK?
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ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€OK?
204:22
And we don't have to use day.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆ—ฅใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
204:24
We could use any time reference.
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ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ๅ‚็…งใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
204:27
So I could say I cleaned all morning, all afternoon, all evening, all week, all month,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅˆๅ‰ไธญใ€ ๅˆๅพŒไธญใ€ๅค•ๆ–นไธญใ€้€ฑไธญใ€ๆœˆไธญใ€
204:35
all weekend, all summer, all year, all semester, so many different things that we can use for
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้€ฑๆœซไธญใ€ๅคไธญใ€ไธ€ๅนดไธญใ€ๅญฆๆœŸไธญใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅŸบๆบ–ใจใ—ใฆ ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹้žๅธธใซๅคšใใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™
204:47
our time reference.
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ใ€‚
204:48
And because of that, this is a very common expression and we can use different verb tenses
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช ่กจ็พใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™
204:55
as well.
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ใ€‚
204:56
I could say I've been trying to find a job.
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ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
204:59
All.
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ๅ…จใฆใ€‚
205:00
Year.
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ๅนดใ€‚
205:01
I've been researching this topic the whole summer, so we can definitely use different
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็งใฏๅคใฎ้–“ใšใฃใจใ“ใฎใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใซใคใ„ใฆ็ ”็ฉถใ—ใฆใใŸใฎใง ใ€้–“้•ใ„ใชใใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ‹•่ฉžๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
205:09
verb tenses.
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ใ€‚
205:11
You can play around with the subject, the verb and the time reference, but just make
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ไธป่ชžใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ๆ™‚้–“ๅ‚็…งใ‚’ใ„ใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€
205:16
sure it's all time reference or the whole plus time reference.
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ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ™‚้–“ๅ‚็…งใ‹ใ€ๅ…จไฝ“ ใจๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅ‚็…งใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
205:22
So it's a very easy fix, but it's a common mistake, and one that sounds really bad, awkward
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใซไฟฎๆญฃใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹ ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒ่žใใจ้žๅธธใซๆ‚ชใใ€ใŽใ“ใกใชใ
205:30
and unnatural when a native speaker hears it.
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ใ€ไธ่‡ช็„ถใซ ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
205:33
So now you've fixed that mistake.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใฏไฟฎๆญฃใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
205:36
All you need to do is practice.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใชใฎใฏ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
205:38
So leave 2 examples in the comments below, 1 using all and the time reference and the
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ 2 ใคใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚1 ใคใฏๅ…จไฝ“ใจๆ™‚้–“ๅ‚็…งใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€
205:45
other one using the whole and a time reference.
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ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฏๅ…จไฝ“ใจๆ™‚้–“ๅ‚็…งใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
205:48
Make it more advanced.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’็ฉใ‚€ใŸใ‚ใซใ€
205:50
Change your subject, change your verb, and change your time reference as well, just to
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ไปถๅใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใ€ ๆ™‚้–“ๅŸบๆบ–ใ‚‚ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ™
205:55
get lots of additional practice.
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ใ€‚
205:57
Are you ready for your quiz?
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
205:58
Here are your questions.
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ใ”่ณชๅ•ใฏใ“ใกใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
206:01
Hit pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the
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ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใ€ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ
206:06
answers.
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
206:09
Here are the answers.
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็ญ”ใˆใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
206:11
Hit pause.
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ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
206:12
Compare your answers to these and see how well you did this.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ€ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ ใ†ใพใใงใใŸใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
206:17
Next one even confuses native speakers, and that's the difference between advice and advise.
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ๆฌกใฏใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ•ใˆใ‚‚ๆททไนฑใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใจใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใฎ้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
206:24
Now, there are two huge differences between these two words, the first one being the part
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ้–“ใซใฏ 2 ใคใฎๅคงใใช้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚1 ใค็›ฎใฏ
206:32
of speech.
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ๅ“่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
206:34
Advice with AC is a noun and advice with an S is a verb, so they have the same meaning.
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AC ใŒไป˜ใ„ใŸใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใฏๅ่ฉžใ€ S ใŒไป˜ใ„ใŸใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
206:44
They're both used to talk about recommendations or opinions on the best course of action.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ€ๆœ€ๅ–„ใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ๆ–น้‡ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๆŽจๅฅจไบ‹้ …ใ‚„ๆ„่ฆ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
206:53
But how they're used Because one's a noun and one's a verb is very different.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใจใ€ๅ่ฉž ใจๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๅคงใใ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
206:59
So let's take a look at the noun advice.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅ่ฉžใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
207:02
Here is an example sentence.
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ไปฅไธ‹ใซไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
207:04
Can I give you some advice?
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ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
207:07
Can I give you some advice?
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ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
207:08
Now here, notice that advice is singular.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใŒ็‰น็•ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
207:12
Advice is always singular.
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ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใฏๅธธใซๅ˜ๆ•ฐใงใ™ใ€‚
207:16
It never takes a plural form.
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ๆฑบใ—ใฆ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใ‚’ใจใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
207:21
That's one of the most common mistakes I see.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒ็›ฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช้–“้•ใ„ใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
207:24
In the comments.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ
207:25
Section is a lot of students say thanks Jennifer for the advices That doesn't exist as a word
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ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใฏใ€ๅคšใใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใซๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ—ใพใ™ใ€ ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใซใฏๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“
207:34
in English.
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ใ€‚
207:35
OK, so get that out of your vocabulary right now and remember that it's always singular.
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OKใ€ใใ‚ŒใงใฏไปŠใ™ใใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ชžๅฝ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ€ ๅธธใซๅ˜ๆ•ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
207:43
It can still take a plural possessive Like some some advice?
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่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๆ ผใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใฏใ„ใ‹ใŒใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
207:50
Can I give you some advice now?
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ไปŠใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
207:52
Because this is always singular, we do have an expression to identify that it's just one,
3187
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅธธใซๅ˜ๆ•ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒ 1 ใคใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ญ˜ๅˆฅใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ่กจ็พใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
208:01
and that's by using a piece of advice.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
208:05
A piece of advice.
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ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€‚
208:07
We use this because a piece of is what shows you that it's.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ ใฎไธ€้ƒจใŒใใ‚Œใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ ใ€‚
208:14
Just.
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ใŸใ ใ€‚
208:15
One okay, because we don't know when I say thanks for the advice.
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€ใ„ใคใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใซๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€‚
208:20
It could be one or it could be more than one because advice never takes a plural form.
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ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงใฏใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ 1 ใคใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
208:28
So to get around that we use a piece of so I might say, can I give you a piece of advice?
3194
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ›ž้ฟใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ ใฎไธ€้ƒจใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใงใ€ ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?
208:36
And that lets you know I have one thing to say to you now.
3195
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŒ ไปŠใ‚ใชใŸใซ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใŒ1ใคใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
208:42
Otherwise, if I want to identify that as plural, remember I used some.
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ใใ‚Œไปฅๅค–ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใจใ—ใฆ่ญ˜ๅˆฅใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ some ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
208:47
Can I give you some advice?
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ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
208:49
Now I'm going to say two or more things to you.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใซ 2 ใคไปฅไธŠใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
208:54
So that's advice.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
208:56
Now let's talk about advise.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
208:59
Advise with an S is a verb, like I already said.
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ใ™ใงใซ่ฟฐในใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€S ใฎไป˜ใ„ใŸใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ ใ€‚
209:04
Now as a verb it's going to come after the subject, so I could say the lawyer advised
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใฏไธป่ชžใฎๅพŒใซใใ‚‹ใฎใง ใ€ๅผ่ญทๅฃซใฏไพ้ ผ่€…ใซใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™
209:12
the client.
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ใ€‚
209:14
Now remember, as a verb, it's going to be conjugated.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆๆดป็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
209:19
So here is conjugated in the past.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใฏ้ŽๅŽปใซๆดป็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
209:21
Simple, the lawyer advised the client.
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็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ๅผ่ญทๅฃซใฏไพ้ ผ่€…ใซใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ—ใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
209:25
Now, thinking about this advice, notice I just switched to the noun form.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€ ๅ่ฉžๅฝขใซๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
209:31
The noun form.
3208
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ๅ่ฉžๅฝขใ€‚
209:32
It's a thing, so imagine advice as a physical thing.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็‰ฉใชใฎใงใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’็‰ฉ็†็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใจใ—ใฆๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
209:38
So the advice the.
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ใใ“ใงใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
209:39
Lawyer.
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ๅผ่ญทๅฃซใ€‚
209:40
Gave the client OK, so thinking about the advice the lawyer gave the client, the client
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ไพ้ ผ่€…ใซOKใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใŸใฎใงใ€ ๅผ่ญทๅฃซใŒไพ้ ผ่€…ใซไธŽใˆใŸใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ไพ้ ผ่€…ใฏใ€Œ
209:47
could say we.
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ๆˆ‘ใ€…ใฏๆˆ‘ใ€…ใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
209:48
Were.
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ใ ใฃใŸใ€‚
209:49
Advised to take the deal.
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ๅ–ๅผ•ใซๅฟœใ˜ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
209:52
We were advised to take the deal.
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็งใŸใกใฏใใฎๅ–ๅผ•ใซๅฟœใ˜ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ๅ‹งใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
209:55
So here I'm conjugating it in the passive form.
3217
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงๆดป็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
209:59
So just remember that advice is a verb and it's going to be conjugated.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆดป็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
210:04
So you'll see.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
210:05
It in different forms, so that's the first major difference is how they're used in parts
3220
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅฝขๅผใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ ๅคงใใช้•ใ„ใฏๅ“่ฉžใงใฎไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™
210:12
of speech.
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ใ€‚
210:13
To summarize, advice with AC is a noun, always singular and advised.
3222
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่ฆ็ด„ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€AC ใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅธธใซ ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
210:19
With an S is a verb.
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SใŒไป˜ใใจๅ‹•่ฉžใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
210:22
It's conjugated with the subject and the time reference.
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ใใ‚Œใฏไธป้กŒใจๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅ‚็…งใจๅ…ฑๅฝนใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
210:26
Now the other major difference.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎๅคงใใช้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
210:29
Maybe you already noticed it.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ†ๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
210:32
I hope you did, but it's the pronunciation.
3227
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ใใ†ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็™บ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
210:36
The pronunciation is very different, and there's only one thing that changes in the pronunciation.
3228
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็™บ้Ÿณใฏๅคงใใ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ ็™บ้ŸณใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ1ใคใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
210:44
Do you know what that is?
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ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใชใฎใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
210:45
It's the sound of the C and the sound of the S OK, that's it.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏCใฎ้ŸณใจSใฎ้Ÿณใงใ™ ใ€‚OKใ€ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
210:53
So both of these are stressed on the 2nd syllable.
3231
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚็ฌฌ 2 ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใซๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
210:58
Advice, advise, advice, advise, advise.
3232
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ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€‚
211:03
Advice.
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ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€‚
211:04
Advise.
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ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
211:05
So the second syllable is the one you hear louder and longer.
3235
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Š ๅคงใใ้•ทใ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
211:09
But let's take a look at the noun advice.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ่ฉžใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
211:14
So notice that C is being pronounced as an S advice.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€C ใŒ S ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใจใ—ใฆ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
211:23
It ends on the F advice.
3238
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Fใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
211:26
Now what about advise?
3239
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
211:29
Our verb?
3240
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็งใŸใกใฎๅ‹•่ฉž๏ผŸ
211:33
Our verb is pronounced as a.
3241
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็งใŸใกใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œaใ€ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
211:37
So the difference is that our vocal chords are engaged and it's a stressed sound.
3242
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€้•ใ„ใฏๅฃฐๅธฏใŒ ๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ้Ÿณใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
211:43
So you can think of it more as a zed sound advise.
3243
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ZED ใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใจใ—ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
211:48
So you have to get your vocal chords engaged.
3244
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฃฐๅธฏใ‚’ๆ„่ญ˜ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
211:51
So the difference between us, the S is at my lips.
3245
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็งใŸใกใฎ้•ใ„ใ€S ใฏ ็งใฎๅ”‡ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
211:58
It's unvoiced.
3246
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็„กๅฃฐใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚
211:59
The.
3247
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ใ€‚
212:00
The.
3248
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ใ€‚
212:01
Zed is in my throat.
3249
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ใ‚ผใƒƒใƒ‰ใŒๅ–‰ใฎไธญใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
212:02
My vocal cords are engaged.
3250
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็งใฎๅฃฐๅธฏใฏ็ทŠๅผตใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
212:04
It's voice.
3251
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฃฐใงใ™ใ€‚
212:05
Advice, advise, advice, advise.
3252
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ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€‚
212:09
So the pronunciation is very different.
3253
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ใชใฎใง็™บ้Ÿณใ‚‚ใ‹ใชใ‚Š้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
212:12
So now you know the difference between advice and advise and you can use them confidently
3254
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚น ใจใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใฎ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใง่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
212:18
in your speech.
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ใ€‚
212:19
So now you have to practice.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ไปŠใฏ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ไธ‹ใฎ
212:21
I want you to leave two sentences in the comments below, of course, one with advice and one
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚1 ใคใฏใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฏ
212:27
with advise.
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ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
212:28
Are you ready for your quiz?
3259
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
212:30
Here are your questions.
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ใ”่ณชๅ•ใฏใ“ใกใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
212:32
Hit, pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the
3261
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ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ
212:38
answers.
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
212:41
Here are the answers.
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็ญ”ใˆใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
212:43
Hit pause, Compare your answers to these and see how well you did.
3264
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ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใ€ ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใ†ใพใใงใใŸใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
212:48
I see mistakes with this one a lot.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใ‹ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
212:51
Now let's look at bring and take.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใƒ–ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚ขใƒณใƒ‰ใƒ†ใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
212:55
Now of course, both of these are verbs, so you need to think about verb conjugation,
3267
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚ๅ‹•่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆดป็”จใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไธกๆ–นใฎ
213:00
and they're used to talk about movement, movement of both.
3268
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ๅ‹•ใใ‚„ๅ‹•ใใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
213:05
People.
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ไบบใ€…ใ€‚
213:06
Or.
3270
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ใพใŸใฏใ€‚
213:07
Things.
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ใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚
213:08
So let's look at two example sentences.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€2ใคใฎไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
213:11
I could say bring your passport with you, or I could say take your passport with you.
3273
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ใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่กŒใใชใ•ใ„ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่กŒใใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
213:22
Now what's the difference between these two sentences?
3274
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ?
213:27
The thing you need to remember is that bring is used to talk about movement towards and
3275
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€bring ใฏ ๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใๅ‹•ใใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ€
213:37
take is used to talk about movement away.
3276
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take ใฏ้ ใ–ใ‹ใ‚‹ๅ‹•ใใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
213:42
Now how do you know if it's movement towards or movement away?
3277
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ใงใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ ใ‹ใ€้›ขใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
213:48
It simply depends on your reference point.
3278
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅŸบๆบ–็‚นใซไพๅญ˜ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
213:53
So in this case, if I said bring your passport with you, so I didn't complete the sentence
3279
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใŒใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใฆใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ๆ–‡ใŒๅฎŒๆˆใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€็ฉบๆธฏใซ
214:02
but it could be bring your passport with you to the airport.
3280
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ใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
214:08
So you can think about where your passport is going is going towards the airport.
3281
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒˆใฎ่กŒใๅ…ˆใฏ็ฉบๆธฏใซๅ‘ใ‹ใ†ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
214:17
Our only reference point for location is the airport.
3282
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ไฝ็ฝฎใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎๅŸบๆบ–็‚นใฏ ็ฉบๆธฏใงใ™ใ€‚
214:22
Now I could say take your passport with you when you leave.
3283
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ไปŠใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅ‡บ็™บใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
214:30
The.
3284
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ใ€‚
214:31
House.
3285
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ๅฎถใ€‚
214:32
So in this case our reference point is the house and the passport is going away from
3286
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅŸบๆบ–็‚นใฏ ๅฎถใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒˆใฏๅฎถใ‹ใ‚‰้ ใ–ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™
214:40
the house.
3287
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ใ€‚ ๅฎถใ‚’
214:42
Take your passport with you when you leave the house.
3288
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ๅ‡บใ‚‹ใจใใฏใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
214:46
But remember, in my original examples I didn't include either reference point and it's common
3289
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7250
ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๅ…ƒใฎไพ‹ใงใฏ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎๅ‚็…งใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‚‚ๅซใ‚ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€ๆ–‡่„ˆใซ
214:53
that we don't because it's obvious based on context.
3290
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ๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅซใ‚ใชใ„ใฎใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ ใ€‚
214:58
So if I'm standing in the house and I say to you, take your passport with you as you're
3291
12898430
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็งใŒๅฎถใฎไธญใซ็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ใ€Œๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใใซ ใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰
215:07
leaving, it's obvious that it means when you leave the house, right?
3292
12907029
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ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฎถใ‚’ๅ‡บใ‚‹ใจใใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ
215:13
Or if we're thinking about going to the airport and I say bring your passport with you, the
3293
12913220
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€็ฉบๆธฏใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใฆใ€ ใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€
215:20
location is obvious.
3294
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ๅ ดๆ‰€ใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
215:21
So a lot of times it's just there based on context and it's not explicitly stated.
3295
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡่„ˆใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใง ใ€ๆ˜Ž็คบ็š„ใซใฏ่ฟฐในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
215:27
Now, in many cases, take and bring can be used interchangeably without a difference
3296
12927990
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็พๅœจใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€take ใจ Bring ใฏ
215:36
in meaning or without a miscommunication.
3297
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚„่ชค่งฃใชใๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
215:39
So let's imagine that this is a report and I'm talking to a colleague if I said take
3298
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ็งใŒๅŒๅƒšใซใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ™
215:46
the report with you.
3299
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1960
ใ€‚
215:48
Or.
3300
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1000
ใพใŸใฏใ€‚
215:49
Bring.
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ๆŒใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใ€‚
215:50
The.
3302
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ใ€‚
215:51
Report with you, it doesn't really matter because ultimately the report is moving and
3303
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6300
ใ‚ใชใŸใจไธ€็ท’ใซใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซใฏใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใŒๅ‹•ใ„ใฆใ„ใฆใ€
215:58
that's the only thing that matters.
3304
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ”ฏไธ€้‡่ฆใชใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š้‡่ฆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
216:01
But let's think of another example where there is a specific time you need to use one or
3305
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚้–“ใŒๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
216:09
the other.
3306
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1660
ใ€‚
216:10
Let's imagine that you're in a restaurant and you don't have a menu.
3307
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซใ„ใฆใ€ ใƒกใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใŒใชใ„ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
216:18
OK, so you call the server and you say, excuse me, can you bring me a menu?
3308
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OKใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ‚ตใƒผใƒใƒผใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€ใƒกใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
216:29
Can you bring me a menu?
3309
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ใƒกใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
216:32
That's the only available choice because of course, the menu is moving towards you.
3310
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใƒกใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆ็งปๅ‹•ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅˆฉ็”จใงใใ‚‹ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใฏใ“ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚
216:40
Can you bring me a menu?
3311
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ใƒกใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
216:43
So the server brings you a menu.
3312
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ใใ‚Œใงใ‚ตใƒผใƒใƒผใฏใƒกใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใพใ™ใ€‚
216:45
You order your meal.
3313
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚’ๆณจๆ–‡ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
216:47
Now 20 minutes later, you're finished.
3314
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20ๅˆ†็ตŒใฆใฐๅฎŒไบ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
216:49
The server comes to your table.
3315
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ใ‚ตใƒผใƒใƒผใŒใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใซๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚
216:52
She looks at your dishes that are now empty and she says can I take those?
3316
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็ฉบใซใชใฃใŸใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็šฟใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ–ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
217:00
And in this case take is the only available choice because the dishes are going to move
3317
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ใใ—ใฆใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆ–™็†ใฏใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใ‹ใ‚‰้›ขใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅˆฉ็”จๅฏ่ƒฝใชๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใฏ take ใงใ™
217:08
away from the table.
3318
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ใ€‚
217:12
So just remember that there are times when only one option is available and it simply
3319
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒ 1 ใคใ ใ‘ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใซ
217:18
depends on the direction of the movement.
3320
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ๅ‹•ใใฎๆ–นๅ‘ใซไพๅญ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
217:22
If it's towards we use bring and if it's the way we use take.
3321
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใซๅ‘ใ‘ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏbringใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ ็งใŸใกใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏtakeใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ Bring ใจ Take ใ‚’
217:30
So that's all you need to know to feel confident using the verbs bring and take.
3322
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่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใ™ ใ€‚
217:35
So now it's your turn to practice.
3323
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
217:38
Leave 2 examples in the comments below.
3324
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ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ 2 ใคใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
217:41
Remember these are verbs so you need to conjugate them with your subject and your verb tense
3325
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ไธป่ชžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ€
217:47
and one example using take and one example using bring.
3326
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ใใ—ใฆ take ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸไพ‹ใจ Bring ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸไพ‹ใ‚’ 1 ใคใšใคๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
217:52
Leave them in the comments below.
3327
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ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใซๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
217:54
Are you ready for your quiz?
3328
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
217:55
Here are your questions.
3329
13075449
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ใ”่ณชๅ•ใฏใ“ใกใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
217:57
Hit pause.
3330
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ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
217:59
Take as much much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
3331
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ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ€ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
218:06
Here are the answers.
3332
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็ญ”ใˆใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
218:08
Hit pause.
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ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
218:09
Compare your answers to these and see how well you did.
3334
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ€ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ ใ†ใพใใงใใŸใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
218:14
Do you know the difference between bother and disturb?
3335
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ฟทๆƒ‘ใจ้‚ช้ญ”ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸ
218:17
Let's find out now.
3336
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ไปŠใ™ใ่ชฟในใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
218:20
First we'll look at them in the context of interrupt.
3337
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ใพใšใ€ๅ‰ฒใ‚Š่พผใฟใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ ใ€‚
218:24
So let's say that you want to talk to your professor at school and he's in his office
3338
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ๅญฆๆ กใฎๆ•™ๆŽˆใจ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅฝผใฏใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใซใ„ใฆใ€
218:32
and you're not sure if he's busy.
3339
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ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
218:36
So you can knock on the door and you can say sorry to.
3340
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใƒ‰ใ‚ขใ‚’ใƒŽใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ€ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
218:44
Now what would we want?
3341
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏไฝ•ใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
218:46
Bother or disturb?
3342
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1000
่ฟทๆƒ‘ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚้‚ช้ญ”ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
218:47
Sorry to bother you, but sorry to disturb you.
3343
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ใŠๆ‰‹ๆ•ฐใ‚’ใŠใ‹ใ‘ใ—ใฆ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ”่ฟทๆƒ‘ใ‚’ใŠใ‹ใ‘ใ—ใฆ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
218:56
But what do you guys think?
3344
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ใงใ‚‚็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฏใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
218:58
Bother or disturb?
3345
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่ฟทๆƒ‘ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚้‚ช้ญ”ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
219:00
Well, in this case of interrupt, they're interchangeable.
3346
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6229
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ‰ฒใ‚Š่พผใฟใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไบคๆ›ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ€‚
219:06
They have the same meaning.
3347
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2090
ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
219:08
OK, so you can use either one and there's no difference.
3348
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚‚ ้•ใ„ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
219:13
The only thing that I notice is that.
3349
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็งใŒๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
219:17
Disturb.
3350
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1000
ไนฑใ™ใ€‚
219:18
It's more formal and bother just sounds a little more casual.
3351
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6159
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็…ฉๆ‚ฉใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
219:24
Sorry to bother you, but I have a question.
3352
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3341
ใŠๆ‰‹ๆ•ฐใ‚’ใŠใ‹ใ‘ใ—ใฆ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
219:28
Sorry to disturb you, but I wanted to ask you a question now.
3353
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ใ”่ฟทๆƒ‘ใ‚’ใŠใ‹ใ‘ใ—ใฆ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ไปŠ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
219:34
I think the majority of people are using it in this specific context.
3354
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ๅคงๅคšๆ•ฐใฎไบบใฏใ“ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎ็Šถๆณใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
219:39
However, we do have some other ways that we can use the verbs to bother or to disturb,
3355
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€่ฟทๆƒ‘ใพใŸใฏๅฆจๅฎณใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ไป–ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
219:47
so let's quickly discuss those.
3356
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
219:49
The verb bother also means to annoy or to cause problems for and the sentence structure
3357
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œ็…ฉใ‚ใ—ใ„ใ€ใซใฏใ€Œ่ฟทๆƒ‘ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ ๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใฏใ€Œ
219:57
would be someone or something bothers someone.
3358
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่ชฐใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๆ‚ฉใพใ›ใ‚‹ใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
220:01
For example, let's say I work in an open space with lots of people around me, but I like
3359
13201810
8169
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฏๅ‘จใ‚ŠใซใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎไบบใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ—ใƒณใ‚นใƒšใƒผใ‚นใงไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ™ ใŒใ€
220:09
listening to music while I work.
3360
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ไป•ไบ‹ไธญใซ้Ÿณๆฅฝใ‚’่ดใใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
220:12
I don't like wearing headphones, so I'm playing music.
3361
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็งใฏใƒ˜ใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒณใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ„ใฎใงใ€้Ÿณๆฅฝใ‚’ๆตใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๅ‘จใ‚Šใซไป–ใฎไบบใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใซ
220:17
Out loud at my computer, even though there are other people around.
3362
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ใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆๅคงๅฃฐใง่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
220:21
Now, maybe I could be respectful of the other people and I could ask them, oh, is my music
3363
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ไปŠใชใ‚‰ใ€ไป–ใฎ ไบบใŸใกใซๆ•ฌๆ„ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎ้ŸณๆฅฝใŒ
220:30
bothering you?
3364
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ๆฐ—ใซใชใ‚‹ใฎ?ใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
220:32
Is my music bothering you in that sense?
3365
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ใใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏ็งใฎ้Ÿณๆฅฝใฏๆฐ—ใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
220:35
Annoying you or causing problems for you?
3366
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆ‚ฉใพใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
220:40
Is my music Remember, something bothers someone?
3367
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็งใฎ้Ÿณๆฅฝใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๆ‚ฉใพใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
220:43
My music?
3368
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็งใฎ้Ÿณๆฅฝ๏ผŸ
220:45
Is my music bothering you?
3369
13245120
3340
็งใฎ้ŸณๆฅฝใŒๆฐ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
220:48
So that's a really great question you could ask.
3370
13248460
2439
ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ ใ€‚
220:50
Now.
3371
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1000
ไปŠใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅŒๅƒš
220:51
You could also make a statement about your coworkers, for example.
3372
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ใซใคใ„ใฆ็™บ่จ€ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
220:55
This is a common situation where you would use this verb.
3373
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็Šถๆณใงใ™ ใ€‚
220:59
Let's say one of your coworkers whistles all the time while they're working.
3374
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅŒๅƒšใฎไธ€ไบบใŒใ€ไป•ไบ‹ไธญใซใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅฃ็ฌ›ใ‚’ๅนใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
221:05
I wish I could demonstrate whistling to you, but actually I don't know how to whistle.
3375
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ๅฃ็ฌ›ใ‚’ใƒ‡ใƒขใƒณใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใงใ™ ใŒใ€ๅฎŸใฏ็งใฏๅฃ็ฌ›ใฎๅนใๆ–นใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
221:10
I'll try.
3376
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็งใŒ่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
221:13
That's literally the best I can do.
3377
13273590
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Š็งใซใงใใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅ–„ใฎใ“ใจใ ใ€‚
221:15
I've tried so many times to whistle and I just don't know how.
3378
13275720
5139
ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ๅฃ็ฌ›ใ‚’ๅนใ“ใ†ใจใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ใ‚„ใ‚Šๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
221:20
So now you know something weird about me.
3379
13280859
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‹ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใชใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
221:22
I can't whistle okay.
3380
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ๅฃ็ฌ›ใฏๅนใ‘ใชใ„ใ‘ใฉๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€‚
221:24
So let's say your coworker whistles all the time while they work and then you could just
3381
13284760
6519
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅŒๅƒšใŒ ไป•ไบ‹ไธญใซใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅฃ็ฌ›ใ‚’ๅนใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŸใ 
221:31
make a statement and say, oh, his whistling really bothers me.
3382
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ๅฃฐๆ˜Žใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใฎๅฃ็ฌ›ใŒ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆฐ—ใซใชใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
221:37
His whistling really bothers me in the sense of it annoys you or causes problems for you.
3383
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ๅฝผใฎๅฃ็ฌ›ใฏใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ•ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆฐ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
221:45
In that case we wouldn't use disturb.
3384
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ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฆจๅฎณใฏไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
221:49
Disturb doesn't really have the same meaning.
3385
13309200
2480
ๅฆจๅฎณใ€ใซใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
221:51
It sounds a little odd to use it.
3386
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ไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ๅค‰ใชๆฐ—ใŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
221:54
So in this specific case of something or someone bothers someone, we would use bother.
3387
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใพใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๆ‚ฉใพใ›ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใงใฏ ใ€็…ฉๆ‚ฉใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
222:02
So let us know in the comments what's something that bothers you, hmm?
3388
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ๆฐ—ใซใชใ‚‹็‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใงๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
222:10
Let us know.
3389
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ๆˆ‘ใ€…ใซๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
222:11
In the comments now we also have a specific way of using disturb and we use disturb specifically
3390
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใฏใ€disturb ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚‚่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็‰นใซใ€disturb ใฏ็ก็œ ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
222:20
with ones sleep and it has the same meaning as interrupt like we saw with our original
3391
13340659
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ๅ…ƒใฎไพ‹ใง่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€interrupt ใจๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใกใพใ™
222:28
example.
3392
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ใ€‚
222:30
But we use it in the sense of interrupt ones sleep and that's why whenever you go to a
3393
13350200
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใ€ไบบใฎ็œ ใ‚Šใ‚’ๅฆจใ’ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใซ่กŒใใจใใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œ
222:36
hotel, the signs say do not disturb the little sign you can put on your door in the morning
3394
13356609
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้‚ช้ญ”ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆจ™่ญ˜ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๆœใ€ใƒ‰ใ‚ขใซ
222:45
to let them know to.
3395
13365680
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ็ฝฎใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ๅฐใ•ใชๆจ™่ญ˜ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
222:47
Leave you.
3396
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใ€‚
222:48
Alone.
3397
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1000
ไธ€ไบบใงใ€‚
222:49
Those signs always say do not disturb.
3398
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆจ™่ญ˜ใซใฏๅธธใซใ€Œ้‚ช้ญ”ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
222:52
They don't say do not bother.
3399
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆฐ—ใซใ—ใชใ„ใงใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
222:55
I've never seen a sign with bother.
3400
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้ขๅ€’ใชๆจ™่ญ˜ใฏ่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
222:58
It's always disturb, and that's because they're talking about your sleep.
3401
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚้‚ช้ญ”ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ก็œ ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
223:04
For example, let's say you come home and then your mother tells you close the door quietly.
3402
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฎถใซๅธฐใฃใฆใใฆใ€ ๆฏ่ฆชใŒ้™ใ‹ใซใƒ‰ใ‚ขใ‚’้–‰ใ‚ใชใ•ใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
223:12
I don't want to disturb.
3403
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2610
้‚ช้ญ”ใ—ใŸใใชใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
223:15
Your brother.
3404
13395540
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ…„ๅผŸใ€‚
223:16
Okay.
3405
13396540
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
223:17
So you would have to imagine in that case your brother is sleeping.
3406
13397540
4540
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ…„ๅผŸใŒ็œ ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
223:22
I don't want to disturb your brother now.
3407
13402080
3319
ไปŠใฏใŠๅ…„ใ•ใ‚“ใฎ้‚ช้ญ”ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
223:25
If your brother is doing a different activity like let's say studying, in that case you
3408
13405399
8750
ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ…„ๅผŸใŒๅ‹‰ๅผทใชใฉใฎๅˆฅใฎๆดปๅ‹•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
223:34
could use disturb or bother interchangeably and in that case again disturb is a little
3409
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8231
disturb ใพใŸใฏ็…ฉใ‚ใ—ใ•ใ‚’ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ€disturb ใฏ
223:42
more formal, bother is a little more casual.
3410
13422380
4320
ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใงใ€็…ฉๆ‚ฉใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
223:46
Disturb also sounds a little more serious as well.
3411
13426700
3980
Disturb ใ‚‚ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆทฑๅˆปใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
223:50
But specific to sleeping, we would use disturb, and now you know the difference between bother
3412
13430680
7110
ใŸใ ใ—ใ€็ก็œ ใซ็‰นๅŒ–ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œdisturbใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ใ€Œ็…ฉๆ‚ฉใ€
223:57
and disturb.
3413
13437790
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ใจใ€Œๅฆจๅฎณใ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
223:58
Remember, before you go, leave your example in the comments of something or someone that
3414
13438790
5909
ๅ‡บ็™บใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ๆฐ—ใซใชใ‚‹ ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚„่ชฐใ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใ€้‚ช้ญ”ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹
224:04
bothers you and see if you can leave an example with disturb as well.
3415
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ไพ‹ใ‚‚ๆฎ‹ใ›ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
224:10
Just to practice, Are you ready for your quiz?
3416
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็ทด็ฟ’ใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
224:14
Here are your questions.
3417
13454140
1589
ใ”่ณชๅ•ใฏใ“ใกใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
224:15
Hit pause.
3418
13455729
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ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
224:17
Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
3419
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ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ€ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
224:24
Here are the answers.
3420
13464640
2139
็ญ”ใˆใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
224:26
Hit pause.
3421
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ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
224:27
Compare your answers to these and see how well you did.
3422
13467779
4691
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ€ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ ใ†ใพใใงใใŸใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
224:32
So how did you do with that quiz?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
224:34
Share your score in the comments below and let's move on.
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ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใงใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ€ๆฌกใซ ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
224:38
Let's talk about maybe and perhaps.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใจใŠใใ‚‰ใใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
224:41
Now, first of all, you need to know that these are adverbs, and we use both of them when
3426
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7160
ใ•ใฆใ€ใพใš็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
224:48
we think that something is possible but not 100% certain.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒ 100% ็ขบๅฎŸใงใฏใชใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใใซไธกๆ–นใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
224:54
Now, although they both mean the same thing, maybe it's more casual in tone, it's more
3428
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใชๅฃ่ชฟใงใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š
225:01
conversational, and perhaps it's more formal, more academic.
3429
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ไผš่ฉฑ็š„ใงใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใงใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅญฆ่ก“็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
225:08
Maybe it's more commonly used now.
3430
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ไปŠใงใฏใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎๆ–นใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
225:12
The other difference is the sentence structure.
3431
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎ้•ใ„ใฏๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใงใ™ใ€‚
225:16
Maybe we can use this at the beginning of a sentence.
3432
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ๆ–‡้ ญใงไฝฟใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
225:21
So I could say maybe I'll go to the party, maybe I'll go to the party.
3433
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใŸใถใ‚“ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
225:29
So this is when it's possible.
3434
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใชใฎใฏใ“ใฎใจใใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
225:32
It's possible I'll go to the party, but it's not 100% sure.
3435
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ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ 100%็ขบๅฎŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
225:38
So I'm between yes, I'll go to the party and no, I won't go to the party.
3436
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€ใจใ€Œ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซใฏ่กŒใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใฎ้–“ใง่ฟทใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
225:45
I'm between them, maybe.
3437
13545060
2799
็งใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ้–“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
225:47
I'll go to the.
3438
13547859
1620
ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
225:49
Party.
3439
13549479
1071
ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใ€‚
225:50
Another example, let's say your friend says Have you seen my phone?
3440
13550550
5030
ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใŒใ€Œ ็งใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
225:55
And you could reply back and you could say maybe you left it in the.
3441
13555580
5199
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ฟ”ไบ‹ใ‚’่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ€ ใŠใใ‚‰ใใใ‚Œใ‚’ ใซๆฎ‹ใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
226:00
Car.
3442
13560779
1000
่ปŠใ€‚
226:01
So here your friend doesn't know 100% that you left it in the car.
3443
13561779
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ปŠใฎไธญใซ็ฝฎใๅฟ˜ใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใ‚’100๏ผ…็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
226:08
It's simply a possibility.
3444
13568159
2250
ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใงใ™ใ€‚
226:10
Maybe.
3445
13570409
1091
ๅคšๅˆ†ใ€‚
226:11
You were just.
3446
13571500
1130
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใพใ•ใซใใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
226:12
In the car.
3447
13572630
1000
่ปŠใฎไธญใ€‚ ใปใ‚“ใฎ
226:13
A short while ago, maybe you were just in the car.
3448
13573630
4010
ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ‰ใพใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉ่ปŠใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
226:17
Again, it's not 100% certain, it's just a possibility.
3449
13577640
5070
็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ 100% ็ขบๅฎŸใงใฏใชใใ€ๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใงใ™ใ€‚
226:22
Your friend could say maybe you left it in the car and notice that placement is at the
3450
13582710
5470
ๅ‹ไบบใฏใ€่ปŠใฎไธญใซ็ฝฎใๅฟ˜ใ‚ŒใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€ ใใฎ้…็ฝฎใŒ
226:28
beginning of the sentence.
3451
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2299
ๆ–‡ใฎๅ…ˆ้ ญใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
226:30
Now we can also use maybe as a one word.
3452
13590479
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€maybe ใ‚’ 1 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
226:34
Reply.
3453
13594270
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่ฟ”ไบ‹ใ€‚
226:35
Which is very commonly used in conversations.
3454
13595270
3740
ไผš่ฉฑใฎไธญใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
226:39
So using our same example, your friend says have you seen my phone?
3455
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ๅŒใ˜ไพ‹ใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใฏใ€ ็งใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
226:44
And then you could ask a question.
3456
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1870
ใใ—ใฆใ€่ณชๅ•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
226:45
You could say, did you leave it in the car?
3457
13605920
3309
่ปŠใฎไธญใซ็ฝฎใๅฟ˜ใ‚ŒใŸใฎใ‹๏ผŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
226:49
And then you could reply back and say maybe, maybe.
3458
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6081
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใจ่ฟ”ไฟกใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
226:55
And of course, as a full sentence that would be maybe I left it in the car.
3459
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๅ…จๆ–‡ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€Œ่ปŠใฎไธญใซ็ฝฎใๅฟ˜ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
227:00
It's possible, I don't know 100%, but it's possible.
3460
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ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€100%ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
227:05
Maybe I left it in the car.
3461
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰่ปŠใฎไธญใซ็ฝฎใๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
227:07
Or simply maybe.
3462
13627330
2300
ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๅ˜ใซใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
227:09
Are you going to the party tonight?
3463
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2370
ไปŠๅคœใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
227:12
Maybe.
3464
13632000
1340
ๅคšๅˆ†ใ€‚
227:13
Maybe I'll go to the party tonight.
3465
13633340
2420
ใŸใถใ‚“็งใฏไปŠๅคœใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
227:15
So remember we have these two options for placement at the beginning of the sentence
3466
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ๆ–‡ใฎๅ…ˆ้ ญใซ้…็ฝฎใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€
227:20
or as a one word.
3467
13640520
1560
ใพใŸใฏ 1 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใจใ—ใฆ้…็ฝฎใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
227:22
Reply.
3468
13642080
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่ฟ”ไบ‹ใ€‚
227:23
Which of?
3469
13643080
1000
ใฉใฃใก๏ผŸ
227:24
Course could be turned into a full sentence where maybe is at the beginning.
3470
13644080
4480
course ใฏใ€maybe ใŒๅ…ˆ้ ญใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฎŒๅ…จใชๆ–‡ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
227:28
Now let's take a look at some examples using perhaps.
3471
13648560
3820
ๆฌกใซใ€maybeth ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸไพ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
227:32
Perhaps it means the exact same thing, but remember it's just more formal and it's not
3472
13652380
6410
ใŠใใ‚‰ใๅ…จใๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใชใ ใ‘ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใฏไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
227:38
as commonly used.
3473
13658790
1950
ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†
227:40
There's one other difference.
3474
13660740
1770
1 ใค้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ–‡
227:42
We can also use perhaps in the middle of a sentence as well.
3475
13662510
5389
ใฎ้€”ไธญใงใ‚‚ใ€Œmaybethใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
227:47
We can use it at the beginning, the middle, and also a one word reply.
3476
13667899
6540
ๅ†’้ ญใงใ‚‚้€”ไธญใงใ‚‚ไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ—ใ€ ไธ€่จ€่ฟ”ไฟกใซใ‚‚ไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
227:54
So structurally, perhaps has more flexibility than maybe.
3477
13674439
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆง‹้€ ็š„ใซใฏใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๆŸ”่ปŸๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
227:59
Now, at the beginning of the sentence, I could say perhaps I'll go to the party tonight.
3478
13679069
7170
ใ•ใฆใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๅ†’้ ญใงใ€ ใŠใใ‚‰ใไปŠๅคœใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
228:06
Perhaps I'll go to the party.
3479
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ใŸใถใ‚“็งใฏใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
228:08
OK, same thing as maybe just it does sound more formal to me when I hear perhaps maybe
3480
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OKใ€Maybe ใจๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€Maybe ใฎๆ–นใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใ ใจ ่žใใจใ€็งใซใจใฃใฆใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™
228:15
is more common.
3481
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ใ€‚
228:16
Again, as a one word reply, are you going to the party tonight?
3482
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆไธ€่จ€่ฟ”ไบ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ€ ไปŠๅคœใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
228:21
Perhaps.
3483
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ๅคšๅˆ†ใ€‚
228:22
Perhaps I'll go to the party tonight.
3484
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3080
ใŠใใ‚‰ใ็งใฏไปŠๅคœใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
228:25
Again, just a little more formal.
3485
13705739
3381
ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
228:29
Now here's something we can do with perhaps that we can't do with maybe.
3486
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใงใฏใงใใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ‚‚ใ€ ใŠใใ‚‰ใใงใฏใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
228:34
And that's to use it in the middle of a sentence.
3487
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡ใฎ้€”ไธญใงไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
228:37
And I could say I'll perhaps go to the party tonight.
3488
13717890
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไปŠๅคœใฏใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใ‹ใ‚‚็Ÿฅใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
228:42
I'll perhaps.
3489
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
228:43
Go to the.
3490
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1000
ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
228:44
Party tonight.
3491
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ไปŠๅคœใฏใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใ ใ€‚
228:46
So if you wanted to use maybe in that case you would just need to change the placement
3492
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใซใ€Œmaybeใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ้…็ฝฎใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใฆ
228:50
and put it at the beginning and say maybe I'll go to the party tonight.
3493
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ๅ…ˆ้ ญใซ็ฝฎใใ€ใ€Œ ไปŠๅคœใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
228:55
To summarize, both maybe and perhaps have the same meaning as when something is possible
3494
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ใพใจใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œmayใ€ใจใ€ŒใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œ ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใฏใ‚ใ‚‹
229:02
but not 100%.
3495
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ใŒ100%ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
229:05
We can use maybe at the beginning or as a one word reply.
3496
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maybeใ€ใฏๅ†’้ ญใงไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ€ไธ€่จ€ใฎ่ฟ”ไบ‹ใจใ—ใฆไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
229:10
We can use perhaps at the beginning, the middle and a one word reply.
3497
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5571
ใŠใใ‚‰ใๆœ€ๅˆใ€้€”ไธญใ€ ใใ—ใฆไธ€่จ€ใฎ่ฟ”ไฟกใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
229:15
Maybe is more conversational, more commonly used, and perhaps is more formal.
3498
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Maybeใ€ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šไผš่ฉฑ็š„ใงใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ ไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
229:21
And now you know.
3499
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ใใ—ใฆไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
229:23
How to?
3500
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ๆ–นๆณ•๏ผŸ
229:24
Use maybe?
3501
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ใŸใถใ‚“ไฝฟใ†๏ผŸ
229:25
And perhaps so, of course.
3502
13765300
1590
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚
229:26
I want you.
3503
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
229:27
To practice.
3504
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1190
็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
229:29
So leave a comment and make sure you practice using maybe and perhaps Now.
3505
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œ maybeใ€ใจใ€Œmostly Nowใ€ใ‚’ๅฟ…ใšไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆ–‡
229:35
See if you can use perhaps in the middle of a sentence as well.
3506
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ใฎ้€”ไธญใงใ‚‚ใ€Œmaybethใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
229:40
Remember that's only possible with perhaps, so put your examples in the comments below.
3507
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€maybeth ใงใฎใฟๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซไพ‹ใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
229:45
Are you ready for your quiz?
3508
13785240
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
229:47
Here are your questions.
3509
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ใ”่ณชๅ•ใฏใ“ใกใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
229:48
Hit pause.
3510
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ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
229:50
Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
3511
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ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ€ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
229:57
Here are the answers.
3512
13797640
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็ญ”ใˆใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
229:59
Hit pause.
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ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
230:00
Compare your answers to these and see how well you did.
3514
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ€ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ ใ†ใพใใงใใŸใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
230:05
Now let's review our final word pair, the one that even confuses native speakers, the
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใƒšใ‚ขใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ•ใˆใ‚‚ๆททไนฑใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
230:11
one I see lots of mistakes with, and that's the difference between farther and further.
3516
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็งใŒใ‚ˆใ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œ fartherใ€ใจใ€Œfartherใ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
230:18
Now, both of these are adverbs, and they're both used to talk about something that's to
3517
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚
230:25
a greater distance or degree, so they can be used as the same meaning.
3518
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ ใ„ใพใŸใฏ็จ‹ๅบฆใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
230:33
So.
3519
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€‚
230:34
What's the?
3520
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1281
ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
230:35
Difference the.
3521
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1540
้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎ
230:37
Easiest way to remember the difference between these two and which one you need in your sentence
3522
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้•ใ„ใจๆ–‡ไธญใงใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใ‹ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–นๆณ•
230:44
is to remember that farther is used for physical distance, and the way you can remember that
3523
13844180
10590
ใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใช่ท้›ขใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใฏใ€
230:54
is farther has the word far, far, and far is used for physical distance, so that's a
3524
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farใ€farใ€far ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใŒ ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใช่ท้›ขใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ท้›ขใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
231:04
great way to remember this one.
3525
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซๆœ€้ฉใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
231:07
Now if farther is used for physical distance, further is used for metaphorical or figurative
3526
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้ ใ„ใ€ใŒ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใช่ท้›ขใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€ใฏๆฏ”ๅ–ฉ็š„ใพใŸใฏๆฏ”ๅ–ฉ็š„ใช่ท้›ขใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
231:17
distance.
3527
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ใ€‚
231:19
This is best explained using an example, of course.
3528
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไพ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ ใ€‚
231:24
So let's imagine that you're going on a road trip with your kids.
3529
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ใใ“ใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใจไธ€็ท’ใซๆ—…่กŒใซ่กŒใใจใ“ใ‚ใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
231:30
OK, now you're driving, you're driving, you're driving.
3530
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OKใ€ไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้‹่ปขใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้‹่ปขใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ้‹่ปขใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
231:33
A road trip is when you go from one destination to another destination by car.
3531
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ใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹็›ฎ็š„ๅœฐใ‹ใ‚‰ ๅˆฅใฎ็›ฎ็š„ๅœฐใพใง่ปŠใง็งปๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
231:40
And it's generally a long trip, so maybe 12 to 24 hours driving, or maybe even longer.
3532
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ใใ—ใฆใ€้€šๅธธใฏ้•ทใ„ๆ—…่กŒใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ้‹่ปขใง 12 ๏ฝž 24 ๆ™‚้–“ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
231:50
So you're on this road trip with your kids.
3533
13910640
2950
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅญไพ›ใŸใกใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ“ใฎ้ ๅพใซๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
231:53
And of course, your kids are going to ask you how much farther, farther.
3534
13913590
8580
ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใ€ใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„้ ใใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใจๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
232:02
So physical distance, you're at point A, and they want to know how much farther until you
3535
13922170
9670
็‰ฉ็†็š„ใช่ท้›ขใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅœฐ็‚น A ใซใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆœ€็ต‚็›ฎ็š„ๅœฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅœฐ็‚น B ใซๅˆฐ็€ใ™ใ‚‹ใพใงใ‚ใจใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
232:11
get to your final destination, Point B.
3536
13931840
3710
232:15
Physical distance, How much farther?
3537
13935550
3189
็‰ฉ็†็š„ใช่ท้›ขใ€ใ‚ใจใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹? ใ‚ใจ
232:18
How much farther do we have to go?
3538
13938739
2851
ใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใจ
232:21
How much farther do we have to drive?
3539
13941590
3290
ใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„่ปŠใง่ตฐใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
232:24
So you tell your kids that you still have 12 hours left.
3540
13944880
5040
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅญไพ›ใŸใกใซใ€ใพใ  12ๆ™‚้–“ๆฎ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจไผใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
232:29
It's a long road trip.
3541
13949920
1670
้•ทใ„ๆ—…ใงใ™ใ€‚
232:31
So you're driving.
3542
13951590
1000
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้‹่ปขใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
232:32
You're driving.
3543
13952590
1000
ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้‹่ปขใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
232:33
You're driving.
3544
13953590
1000
ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้‹่ปขใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
232:34
Now you get to this point where you can't drive any.
3545
13954590
5439
ใ“ใ“ใพใงๆฅใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†้‹่ปขใงใใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
232:40
Farther.
3546
13960029
1420
ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ้ ใใธใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
232:41
You can't drive any farther, so physical distance.
3547
13961449
5660
ไปฅไธŠใฏ้‹่ปขใงใใชใ„ใฎใงใ€็‰ฉ็†็š„ใซ่ท้›ขใ‚’็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚
232:47
So let's imagine you get to a construction site and the road is blocked off.
3548
13967109
6040
ใใ“ใงใ€ๅปบ่จญ็พๅ ดใซๅˆฐ็€ใ— ใ€้“่ทฏใŒๅฐ้Ž–ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
232:53
You can't drive any farther.
3549
13973149
1901
ไปฅไธŠใฏ้‹่ปขใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
232:55
Now you see there's a police officer and you want to get some information about what's
3550
13975050
6690
ใ“ใ“ใง่ญฆๅฏŸๅฎ˜ใŒๆฅใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™
233:01
going on.
3551
13981740
1080
ใ€‚
233:02
So you ask the police officer why the road is closed and he tells you that there's construction.
3552
13982820
6999
ใใ“ใง่ญฆๅฏŸๅฎ˜ใซ้“่ทฏใŒ้€š่กŒๆญขใ‚ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใจใ€ ๅทฅไบ‹ไธญใ ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
233:09
He gives you a short answer.
3553
13989819
2111
ๅฝผใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ็Ÿญใ„็ญ”ใˆใ‚’่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
233:11
OK, so now you can ask him, do you have any further information?
3554
13991930
6860
ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใงใฏๅฝผใซ่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ ่ฉณใ—ใ„ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
233:18
Do you have any further information?
3555
13998790
3739
ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ่ฉณใ—ใ„ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
233:22
Because you want information beyond what he gave you, greater than the degree that he
3556
14002529
8151
ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใซไธŽใˆใŸไปฅไธŠใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ€ๅฝผใŒ
233:30
gave you.
3557
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1000
ใ‚ใชใŸใซไธŽใˆใŸๅญฆไฝไปฅไธŠใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
233:31
So further, because we're not talking about physical distance, this is metaphorical.
3558
14011680
6450
ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€็งใŸใกใฏ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใช่ท้›ขใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใฎใง ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆฏ”ๅ–ฉ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
233:38
Do you have any further information?
3559
14018130
2330
ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ่ฉณใ—ใ„ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
233:40
Now?
3560
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ไปŠ๏ผŸ
233:41
The police officer could give you a few more details and then he could ask you do you have
3561
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6590
่ญฆๅฏŸๅฎ˜ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่ฉณใ—ใ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
233:48
any further questions?
3562
14028050
1960
ไฝ•ใ‹ไป–ใซ่ณชๅ•ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?ใจๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
233:50
Same thing.
3563
14030010
2290
ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ€‚ ไป–ใซ
233:52
It's like saying do you have any more questions, do you have any more information?
3564
14032300
4830
ใ”่ณชๅ•ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹่ฉณใ—ใ„ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
233:57
Further, and it's not physical distance, so that's the easiest trick to remember them
3565
14037130
8500
ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใช่ท้›ขใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็‰ฉ็†็š„ใช่ท้›ขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ ็›ธๆ‰‹ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ ใใซๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใชใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
234:05
farther is with physical distance.
3566
14045630
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ใ€‚
234:08
Now, just keep in mind that native speakers confuse these all the time and often use them
3567
14048569
8171
ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅธธใซๆททๅŒใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ—ใฐใ—ใฐ
234:16
interchangeably.
3568
14056740
1980
ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
234:18
So if you're ever in doubt and you don't know which one to use, I recommend using.
3569
14058720
6330
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใฉใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
234:25
Further.
3570
14065050
1000
ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ้ ใใ€‚
234:26
Further, because it's the more common choice and it's more likely to be grammatically correct
3571
14066050
8189
ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช้ธๆŠž่‚ขใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆ–‡ๅ†…ใง ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซๆญฃใ—ใ„ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใŸใ‚
234:34
in a sentence, so you have better odds using further.
3572
14074239
4351
ใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
234:38
So if it's clear that it's physical distance used farther.
3573
14078590
3810
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใช่ท้›ขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใชๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ ใใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ
234:42
If you're not sure, I suggest just using further.
3574
14082400
4340
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
234:46
So now you know the difference between farther and further, and you probably know more than
3575
14086740
6540
ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ใ€Œ้ ใใ€ ใจใ€Œ้ ใใ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใŠใใ‚‰ใใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
234:53
a native speaker right now.
3576
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2430
ใ€‚
234:55
So before you believe it's time to practice, I want you to leave 2 examples in the comments
3577
14095710
5210
ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅฎŸ่ทตใ™ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ๆœŸใŒๆฅใŸใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ไปฅไธ‹ใฎ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ 2 ใคใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
235:00
below.
3578
14100920
1000
ใ€‚
235:01
Of course, one with farther and one with further.
3579
14101920
3000
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€1ใคใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ ใใซใ€ใ‚‚ใ†1ใคใฏใ•ใ‚‰ใซ้ ใใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
235:04
Are you ready for your quiz?
3580
14104920
1880
ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
235:06
Here are your questions.
3581
14106800
1599
ใ”่ณชๅ•ใฏใ“ใกใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
235:08
Hit pause.
3582
14108399
1521
ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
235:09
Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
3583
14109920
7380
ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ€ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
235:17
Here are the answers.
3584
14117300
2150
็ญ”ใˆใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
235:19
Hit pause.
3585
14119450
1000
ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
235:20
Compare your answers to these and see how well you did.
3586
14120450
4480
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ€ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ ใ†ใพใใงใใŸใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
235:24
You did an amazing job.
3587
14124930
2590
็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
235:27
Now you've corrected all the most common mistakes that even advanced students make with these
3588
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็ด›ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„่‹ฑๅ˜่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ไธŠ็ดš่€…ใงใ‚‚็Šฏใ—ใ‚„ใ™ใ„ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ใ™ในใฆไฟฎๆญฃใงใใพใ—ใŸ
235:33
confusing English words.
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235:35
Congratulations now make sure you get this free speaking guide where I share 6 tips on
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ใŠใ‚ใงใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใฎ ็„กๆ–™ใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใ‚’ใœใฒๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใฎใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใงใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆตๆšขใ‹ใค่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใฎ 6 ใคใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
235:40
how to speak English fluently and confidently.
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ใ€‚
235:43
You can click here to download it or look for the link in the description.
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ใ“ใ“ใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ ่ชฌๆ˜Žๅ†…ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
235:47
And in this lesson we focus on your English vocabulary.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใง
235:50
So why don't you start working on your listening skills with this lesson?
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ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐๅŠ›ใ‚’้›ใˆๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ ๏ผŸ ไปŠ
235:54
You can watch it right now.
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ใ™ใ่ฆ–่ดใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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