4 HOUR ENGLISH LESSON - ADVANCED ENGLISH VOCABULARY (Confusing English Words)

235,859 views ・ 2023-12-14

JForrest English


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

00:00
Today I have an English vocabulary master class for you, and we're going to review all
0
179
6531
00:06
the most confusing words in English.
1
6710
3330
00:10
These are confusing words that I hear even advanced students make mistakes with.
2
10040
5690
00:15
So by the end of this lesson, you're going to feel very confident because you're using
3
15730
4740
00:20
all of these common words correctly.
4
20470
2960
00:23
Welcome back to JForrest English.
5
23430
1130
00:24
Of course, I'm Jennifer.
6
24560
1479
00:26
Now let's get started.
7
26039
1221
00:27
Here's how this lesson will work.
8
27260
2429
00:29
First, we're going to learn a group or a pair of confusing words.
9
29689
5671
00:35
You're going to understand how to use them correctly.
10
35360
3180
00:38
And then you're going to complete a quiz to make sure you really.
11
38540
3990
00:42
Know how to?
12
42530
1000
00:43
Use them, and then we'll continue on to the next group.
13
43530
3939
00:47
Let's get started with our first group first.
14
47469
2861
00:50
You're going to learn the difference between ON time and in time.
15
50330
5310
00:55
Let's start off with on time.
16
55640
2680
00:58
Now we use on time time to refer to a specific time, and it's a specific time that something
17
58320
8440
01:06
will happen, and we commonly use this with scheduled events.
18
66760
5859
01:12
For example, traffic was terrible, but thankfully I got to the meeting on time.
19
72619
9011
01:21
So of course you can imagine that there's a scheduled time that that meeting will start.
20
81630
5559
01:27
The meeting will start at, let's say, 3:00.
21
87189
4801
01:31
So if you get to the meeting at 3:00 or before, then you're on time.
22
91990
8489
01:40
If you get to the meeting at three O 1 or after, then you're what you're late, right?
23
100479
6561
01:47
So that would be the opposite of on time late.
24
107040
4340
01:51
Now you could also make a general statement and say I'm always on time, so notice it's
25
111380
7230
01:58
in the present simple because it's a routine action which means.
26
118610
4140
02:02
I always.
27
122750
1020
02:03
Get to my scheduled events on, on or before the time they're supposed to start, The time
28
123770
8480
02:12
they're scheduled to start.
29
132250
2530
02:14
I'm always on time.
30
134780
2920
02:17
So what about you?
31
137700
1350
02:19
Are you always on time?
32
139050
2110
02:21
Let us know in the comments.
33
141160
1500
02:22
And if not, what adverb would you use?
34
142660
3240
02:25
I'm sometimes on time.
35
145900
1550
02:27
I'm usually on time.
36
147450
1569
02:29
I'm rarely on time or I'm never on time.
37
149019
6341
02:35
So let us know in the comments which one best describes you.
38
155360
4470
02:39
Now let's talk about in time.
39
159830
3000
02:42
In time simply means that you have sufficient time.
40
162830
6489
02:49
So you can think of it as to have enough time, enough time to do something, to do what you
41
169319
8471
02:57
want to do, or to do what you need to do.
42
177790
3020
03:00
But the real difference that you need to keep in mind is that there is a scheduled start
43
180810
6870
03:07
time Okay.
44
187680
1430
03:09
So let's imagine, let's imagine that I need to buy some eggs okay because I'm going to
45
189110
8970
03:18
make a cake, so I need to buy some eggs.
46
198080
3960
03:22
Now it will take me 15 minutes to drive to the store and then 5 minutes to get my eggs.
47
202040
9869
03:31
So the amount of time I need is 20 minutes.
48
211909
5201
03:37
Now let's say that the store closes in 25 minutes.
49
217110
6739
03:43
So I don't have a lot of time, right?
50
223849
3491
03:47
But remember, there isn't a scheduled time that I need to get to the store.
51
227340
6390
03:53
I don't have an appointment at the store to buy eggs, right?
52
233730
6080
03:59
So that's the thing.
53
239810
1020
04:00
There isn't a scheduled time, but I need a sufficient amount of time to buy my eggs before
54
240830
8769
04:09
the store closes.
55
249599
1890
04:11
So maybe I could say, Oh no, I'm not going to get there in time.
56
251489
5391
04:16
I'm not going to get there in time.
57
256880
4310
04:21
Because remember, I need 20 minutes to complete this task, but the store closes in 25 minutes.
58
261190
9380
04:30
Of course it's going to might take me a little bit longer, right?
59
270570
3310
04:33
So I might be concerned, Oh no, I'm not going to get there in time.
60
273880
5650
04:39
It's like saying I don't have enough time to do what I want to do.
61
279530
5520
04:45
But let's say thankfully there was no traffic at all and I got there in 15 minutes.
62
285050
5590
04:50
Then I could say who I got here in time.
63
290640
2860
04:53
I got here in time.
64
293500
3130
04:56
It's not on time because there isn't a scheduled event.
65
296630
4580
05:01
It's in time simply because it means I have enough time, sufficient time to do what I
66
301210
8640
05:09
need to do, buy eggs before the store closes.
67
309850
5050
05:14
So it's a very.
68
314900
1060
05:15
Subtle difference, right?
69
315960
2410
05:18
And I think the easiest way for you to know which one should I use is.
70
318370
5220
05:23
Just remember on time is for a scheduled event.
71
323590
5630
05:29
If you have a meeting that starts at a scheduled time, an appointment, a class, anything like
72
329220
8340
05:37
that, then you would use on time and if you're just talking about having enough time, sufficient
73
337560
8760
05:46
time.
74
346320
1000
05:47
Then you use.
75
347320
1000
05:48
In time the best way to feel confident with these is really to practice.
76
348320
5210
05:53
So I want you to leave 2 examples for each, Two examples for on time and two examples
77
353530
6820
06:00
for in time.
78
360350
1380
06:01
Put them in the comments below and that way I can review them and if I see any mistakes
79
361730
4490
06:06
then I can correct them and address them.
80
366220
2900
06:09
So now you know the difference between on time and in time.
81
369120
4190
06:13
Are you ready for your quiz?
82
373310
1880
06:15
Here are the questions.
83
375190
1260
06:16
Hit pause.
84
376450
1450
06:17
Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
85
377900
14280
06:32
How did you do with that quiz?
86
392180
1540
06:33
Make sure you share your score in the comments below, and let's continue on to the next group.
87
393720
6150
06:39
Now let's talk about the difference between affect and.
88
399870
2729
06:42
Affect affect.
89
402599
1111
06:43
Is this a noun or a verb?
90
403710
4250
06:47
Put it in the comments below.
91
407960
2609
06:50
Noun or verb?
92
410569
2141
06:52
Did you get it?
93
412710
1000
06:53
Are you sure?
94
413710
1000
06:54
Do you know which one affect?
95
414710
2380
06:57
Is a verb.
96
417090
1000
06:58
Okay verb.
97
418090
1529
06:59
It's an action word.
98
419619
1980
07:01
So brain association, affect action, affect action.
99
421599
3771
07:05
That can be an easy way for you to remember that.
100
425370
5229
07:10
OK, so now I'm going to make this very easy for you.
101
430599
3691
07:14
Put it.
102
434290
1000
07:15
In the comments, effect.
103
435290
1689
07:16
Is that a noun or a verb?
104
436979
3611
07:20
What do you think?
105
440590
1359
07:21
Put it in the comments.
106
441949
1470
07:23
Well, of course, if a fact is a verb, then E fact is a noun.
107
443419
6340
07:29
So really right there.
108
449759
1861
07:31
Boom.
109
451620
1000
07:32
You know the difference?
110
452620
1000
07:33
Because like I said, if you know, if one's a verb and one's a noun, then based on sentence
111
453620
5150
07:38
structure only one of them can be used.
112
458770
3130
07:41
But let me give you some examples so you can really see the difference.
113
461900
4549
07:46
And then at the end, I'm going to show you how you can actually use a fact and effect
114
466449
4960
07:51
in the same sentence.
115
471409
2361
07:53
And this does happen more.
116
473770
1869
07:55
Than you would.
117
475639
1021
07:56
Think so.
118
476660
1250
07:57
Let's start with a fact.
119
477910
2280
08:00
Like I said, a fact is a verb.
120
480190
3409
08:03
So for sentence structure, something effects something.
121
483599
5000
08:08
That's really the structure that you need to remember.
122
488599
3581
08:12
So let's see, before we go any further.
123
492180
2350
08:14
If you can think of an example sentence using affect, put it in the comments.
124
494530
6000
08:20
Pause the video.
125
500530
1000
08:21
If you need, put that example sentence using affect in the comments below.
126
501530
6009
08:27
Did you put one in the comments?
127
507539
1491
08:29
OK, here's mine.
128
509030
2469
08:31
The dry weather affected.
129
511499
2311
08:33
The.
130
513810
1300
08:35
Crops.
131
515110
1299
08:36
Remember our sentence structure?
132
516409
1091
08:37
We have something.
133
517500
2099
08:39
What's the something?
134
519599
1000
08:40
Put it in the comments.
135
520599
1641
08:42
What's the something?
136
522240
1190
08:43
The dry weather, right?
137
523430
2210
08:45
That's or something Something effects something.
138
525640
3889
08:49
The dry weather affected the crops.
139
529529
5381
08:54
So the other something is.
140
534910
2239
08:57
Put it in the comments, It's the crop.
141
537149
4491
09:01
So we have something, effects, something.
142
541640
2070
09:03
But what do you notice about affect in this sentence?
143
543710
5680
09:09
It's a verb, right?
144
549390
1910
09:11
So what verb tense is this sentence?
145
551300
3099
09:14
In?
146
554399
1000
09:15
What verb tense is this in?
147
555399
1801
09:17
Put it in the comments below The dry weather affected past.
148
557200
7110
09:24
Simple.
149
564310
1070
09:25
So we know this.
150
565380
1000
09:26
Is a completed action in the past, and that's what you need to remember with a fact.
151
566380
5760
09:32
Because it's a verb, it's going to be conjugated in different structures based on the context
152
572140
8370
09:40
of this sentence.
153
580510
1300
09:41
Now, because a fact is a verb, I can take this sentence and put it in the present simple.
154
581810
8820
09:50
For example, I can put it in a different verb tense, which simply just changes the meaning.
155
590630
6930
09:57
So pause the video if you need and think about what would this sentence be in the present
156
597560
6150
10:03
simple.
157
603710
1390
10:05
And when you have your answer, put it in the comments below.
158
605100
4060
10:09
So take your time.
159
609160
1280
10:10
Pause the video if you need the dry weather affected the crops.
160
610440
6060
10:16
What would that be in the present?
161
616500
1950
10:18
Simple.
162
618450
1000
10:19
Do you have it?
163
619450
2400
10:21
It would be the dry weather affects the crops.
164
621850
7530
10:29
Did you get that?
165
629380
1000
10:30
S Yeah, I made it really dramatic there.
166
630380
2620
10:33
Obviously you wouldn't say that in real.
167
633000
2470
10:35
Situation, but just so you.
168
635470
2280
10:37
Remember.
169
637750
1000
10:38
Affect.
170
638750
1000
10:39
Is a verb the dry weather as a subject.
171
639750
4220
10:43
Would be.
172
643970
1309
10:45
What it right it affects?
173
645279
3981
10:49
The.
174
649260
1020
10:50
Crops.
175
650280
1020
10:51
So we need to remember to conjugate our verb and in the present simple we add an S to ** *** it
176
651300
8789
11:00
verbs OK.
177
660089
1560
11:01
The dry weather affects the.
178
661649
3071
11:04
Crops.
179
664720
1130
11:05
So it's important for you to remember that a fact is what a noun or a verb?
180
665850
5500
11:11
Put it in the comments.
181
671350
2859
11:14
Is a verb, and because of that it needs to be conjugated according to the time reference
182
674209
7101
11:21
and according to the subject as well.
183
681310
3000
11:24
Now let's move on to effect.
184
684310
2829
11:27
Effect is what a noun or a verb?
185
687139
3921
11:31
Put it in the comments.
186
691060
1630
11:32
The fact is a noun, and you can think of it as.
187
692690
4600
11:37
The.
188
697290
1000
11:38
Result of something.
189
698290
1410
11:39
OK, because remember, nouns are people, places or things.
190
699700
5590
11:45
So in this case, it's like a thing.
191
705290
2130
11:47
It's the result of something.
192
707420
2729
11:50
It's a thing, it's a noun effect.
193
710149
4071
11:54
And remember, because it's a noun, it could have an article, or it could be singular or.
194
714220
8230
12:02
Plural.
195
722450
1000
12:03
Those would be our choices with a noun.
196
723450
3240
12:06
So let's take a look at an example.
197
726690
2780
12:09
I could say the effect of the dry weather was devastating.
198
729470
5810
12:15
The effect?
199
735280
1700
12:16
OK, I'm starting my sentence with the noun, The effect of.
200
736980
7410
12:24
Notice that sentence structure.
201
744390
1210
12:25
The effect of something.
202
745600
1910
12:27
The something is the dry weather.
203
747510
3030
12:30
The effect of the dry weather.
204
750540
2750
12:33
Was.
205
753290
1000
12:34
Devastating.
206
754290
1010
12:35
So here, because it's a noun, I need my article in front of it the the effect.
207
755300
7420
12:42
Another example I could ask, did this policy have any negative effects?
208
762720
8040
12:50
So notice here what's different about the noun I made it.
209
770760
5530
12:56
Plural.
210
776290
1000
12:57
Right, and I'm not using an article.
211
777290
2239
12:59
In that case, did the policy have any negative effects?
212
779529
5591
13:05
So were there any results of the policy?
213
785120
4320
13:09
And were any of those results negative?
214
789440
2770
13:12
Now, just for fun, let's take a look at a sentence.
215
792210
4790
13:17
Using.
216
797000
1000
13:18
Both effects and effect.
217
798000
2040
13:20
The side effects of this medication can negatively affect your liver.
218
800040
10760
13:30
So pause the video if you need and think about this example.
219
810800
5250
13:36
Hmm.
220
816050
1380
13:37
So the side effects there, we're using it as a noun, and that's a very common way.
221
817430
8040
13:45
We use this as a noun, talking about side effects or the effects of something.
222
825470
6299
13:51
Like in our previous example, the side effects of this medication can negatively affect.
223
831769
8681
14:00
Your.
224
840450
1129
14:01
Liver.
225
841579
1120
14:02
And of course here something effects something, so it's really the side effects that affect
226
842699
9211
14:11
your liver as the something.
227
851910
2250
14:14
So this really isn't that uncommon of a situation to see effect and effect in the same sentence.
228
854160
8070
14:22
So to summarize, remember a fact is what a noun or a verb?
229
862230
5820
14:28
Put it in the comments.
230
868050
2120
14:30
A verb and effect is, Put it in the comments, a noun.
231
870170
7050
14:37
So that should be a great trick to help you instantly know which one you need to use.
232
877220
5299
14:42
Now let's end by going back to my original e-mail that I was rating.
233
882519
6570
14:49
So remember I wrote Do you think this could have MMM it.
234
889089
7841
14:56
So what do you think in this example?
235
896930
2930
14:59
Do I need fact or effect?
236
899860
2940
15:02
Do I need a noun or a verb?
237
902800
3920
15:06
Put it in the comments below.
238
906720
1919
15:08
Pause the video if you need, think about it and then put it in the comments.
239
908639
6751
15:15
Do you?
240
915390
1000
15:16
Think this.
241
916390
1000
15:17
Could.
242
917390
1000
15:18
Have affected it because I need a verb.
243
918390
4889
15:23
Something affects something, and of course this verb is conjugated according to the sentence.
244
923279
8471
15:31
All right, so now you know the difference between effect and effect.
245
931750
4589
15:36
This is an advanced topic and you're going to need to practice and review this.
246
936339
6761
15:43
So why don't we start now?
247
943100
2210
15:45
Put in the comments below an example sentence with effect and an example sentence with effect
248
945310
7449
15:52
and bonus points.
249
952759
1551
15:54
Major bonus points if you can think of an example sentence that uses both effect and
250
954310
6360
16:00
effect.
251
960670
1310
16:01
Are you ready for your quiz?
252
961980
1880
16:03
Here are the questions.
253
963860
1260
16:05
Hit pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the
254
965120
10870
16:15
answers.
255
975990
4860
16:20
How did you do with that quiz?
256
980850
1539
16:22
Make sure you share your score in the comments below and let's continue on to the next group.
257
982389
6010
16:28
I see lots of mistakes with this next one.
258
988399
3440
16:31
Let's talk about the difference between borrow and lend.
259
991839
4560
16:36
Now let's go back to my original question for you at the beginning.
260
996399
3731
16:40
Hey, can you borrow me your car?
261
1000130
3100
16:43
What do you think about this sentence?
262
1003230
1700
16:44
Can you borrow me your car?
263
1004930
2420
16:47
Do you think that this sentence is correct or incorrect?
264
1007350
5020
16:52
Put your answers in the comments so you can say right or wrong.
265
1012370
6300
16:58
Thumbs up, thumbs down, yes or no.
266
1018670
3470
17:02
Whatever you need.
267
1022140
1139
17:03
Put your answer in the comments.
268
1023279
2491
17:05
Hey, can you borrow me your car?
269
1025770
2020
17:07
Did you get your answer in the comments?
270
1027790
3180
17:10
OK, this is what I hear quite a lot from students, even really advanced students.
271
1030970
6859
17:17
But I have to.
272
1037829
1301
17:19
Break it to you.
273
1039130
1319
17:20
That's incorrect and to a native speaker.
274
1040449
3171
17:23
It's like what?
275
1043620
1160
17:24
Borrow me?
276
1044780
1000
17:25
Huh.
277
1045780
1000
17:26
It does not sound good.
278
1046780
1409
17:28
It's because the sentence structure is incorrect.
279
1048189
3901
17:32
OK, so while I'm explaining the difference between Boro and Len, you really need to pay
280
1052090
5700
17:37
attention to that sentence structure.
281
1057790
2610
17:40
So let's start with Boro.
282
1060400
3130
17:43
Now when you use borrow, you need to understand that you're the one receiving the item.
283
1063530
8580
17:52
Let's compare that to lend.
284
1072110
2360
17:54
When you use lend, you're the one giving.
285
1074470
4170
17:58
The.
286
1078640
1000
17:59
Item Now let's take a look at the sentence structure.
287
1079640
3280
18:02
With borrow, You borrow something, you borrow something.
288
1082920
7030
18:09
This is why my original sentence sounded so.
289
1089950
3690
18:13
Weird.
290
1093640
1000
18:14
It might not sound weird to you, but trust me, to a native speaker that just sounds like
291
1094640
6899
18:21
nails on a chalkboard, because that's not the sentence structure.
292
1101539
5491
18:27
You do not borrow someone.
293
1107030
3180
18:30
Okay, when I said can you borrow me your car?
294
1110210
4599
18:34
Can you borrow me your?
295
1114809
1391
18:36
Car.
296
1116200
1000
18:37
That's incorrect sentence structure, but there's a really easy fix.
297
1117200
4240
18:41
All you need to do is get rid of the someone because it's borrow something, right?
298
1121440
7900
18:49
So to make my original sentence correct, what would I need to do?
299
1129340
6020
18:55
Now remember, with borrow you receive.
300
1135360
4330
18:59
So as a question it would be can I?
301
1139690
4410
19:04
Borrow your car.
302
1144100
3250
19:07
Because I'm the one receiving the.
303
1147350
4340
19:11
Car.
304
1151690
1000
19:12
So can I borrow?
305
1152690
2609
19:15
Your car.
306
1155299
1380
19:16
Can I receive your car?
307
1156679
2301
19:18
Temporarily, of course, so let me know in the comments.
308
1158980
3679
19:22
Can I borrow your car?
309
1162659
1561
19:24
So now it's your turn to practice.
310
1164220
2770
19:26
Borrow.
311
1166990
1000
19:27
OK, so let me start you off with the beginning of the sentence.
312
1167990
4020
19:32
Can I?
313
1172010
1409
19:33
Borrow.
314
1173419
1000
19:34
We're going to.
315
1174419
1000
19:35
Use this as a.
316
1175419
1000
19:36
Question form, so put in the comments.
317
1176419
2001
19:38
Can I borrow and fill in the blank?
318
1178420
2980
19:41
So you need to identify the something.
319
1181400
3090
19:44
It could be anything.
320
1184490
1790
19:46
Can I borrow your cell phone charger?
321
1186280
2430
19:48
Your pen?
322
1188710
1000
19:49
Your earrings?
323
1189710
2810
19:52
Can I borrow $50?
324
1192520
1909
19:54
It can be anything.
325
1194429
3041
19:57
Put your example in the comments to make sure you practice this structure.
326
1197470
4660
20:02
Now let's compare the sentence structure with lend.
327
1202130
3990
20:06
This is.
328
1206120
1000
20:07
Why these two are confused because with lend you lend someone something.
329
1207120
8780
20:15
So with lend we have the someone identified.
330
1215900
3570
20:19
OK, so perhaps I'm feeling really generous and I say to you, I can lend you my car this
331
1219470
7579
20:27
weekend.
332
1227049
1201
20:28
I can lend you my car this weekend.
333
1228250
4299
20:32
Because remember, with lend, you give.
334
1232549
4111
20:36
So I'm giving my car.
335
1236660
3110
20:39
That's as a positive statement.
336
1239770
2399
20:42
I can lend you lend someone something.
337
1242169
4691
20:46
I can lend you my car this weekend.
338
1246860
3330
20:50
All right, so now it's time for you to practice Lend.
339
1250190
5040
20:55
Now with lend as an offer is going to be as a positive statement.
340
1255230
6820
21:02
I can lend you.
341
1262050
3320
21:05
And then we need to something.
342
1265370
1660
21:07
We can change our subject, right?
343
1267030
2650
21:09
It could be she can lend.
344
1269680
3100
21:12
You.
345
1272780
1000
21:13
She.
346
1273780
1000
21:14
Can lend him my boss.
347
1274780
3240
21:18
Can lend my coworker.
348
1278020
2590
21:20
We can play around with those subjects.
349
1280610
2080
21:22
OK, but make sure your sentence structure is subject lend someone something.
350
1282690
7500
21:30
So put your example in the comments to practice.
351
1290190
5000
21:35
So what are you going to offer to lend me?
352
1295190
2390
21:37
I'm excited to find out.
353
1297580
2040
21:39
Now, one important note before we wrap up, Let's go back to my beginning sentence, which
354
1299620
7169
21:46
was incorrect.
355
1306789
1500
21:48
Can you borrow me your car?
356
1308289
2671
21:50
Hmm.
357
1310960
1000
21:51
Can you?
358
1311960
1060
21:53
Borrow.
359
1313020
1000
21:54
Me.
360
1314020
1000
21:55
Your car.
361
1315020
1030
21:56
So that sentence is incorrect.
362
1316050
2340
21:58
But there's another.
363
1318390
1190
21:59
Way.
364
1319580
1000
22:00
We can change the sentence to make it a question, and that question would be can you lend me?
365
1320580
8479
22:09
Your.
366
1329059
1091
22:10
Car Can you lend me your car so notice?
367
1330150
5009
22:15
Although.
368
1335159
1000
22:16
Lend means to.
369
1336159
2031
22:18
Give.
370
1338190
1060
22:19
Notice that subject right?
371
1339250
2169
22:21
Can you lend me so?
372
1341419
3871
22:25
Although lend means to give, you're the one giving and I'm the one receiving, right?
373
1345290
7850
22:33
So in that case, can you lend me your car is exactly the same as Do you know what I'm
374
1353140
9539
22:42
about to say?
375
1362679
1671
22:44
It's exactly the same as Put it in the comments.
376
1364350
4510
22:48
If you do, huge bonus points if you get this Can you lend me your car?
377
1368860
6620
22:55
Is exactly the same as Can I borrow your car?
378
1375480
6670
23:02
So you may need to pause the video and think about it, because you need to keep in mind
379
1382150
5050
23:07
the direction of who's giving, who's receiving, and you need to pay attention to that sentence
380
1387200
6650
23:13
structure as well.
381
1393850
1670
23:15
So that's a final exercise you can do.
382
1395520
3370
23:18
Before you leave in the comments, write your own example using the two different questions,
383
1398890
8360
23:27
although keep in mind that they mean exactly the same thing.
384
1407250
4460
23:31
So try that out and see if you can get that as well.
385
1411710
3980
23:35
Are you ready for your quiz?
386
1415690
1869
23:37
Here are the questions.
387
1417559
1261
23:38
Hit, pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the
388
1418820
6810
23:45
answers.
389
1425630
8920
23:54
How did you do with that quiz?
390
1434550
1540
23:56
Make sure you share your score in the comments below, and let's continue on to the next group.
391
1436090
5680
24:01
You're doing.
392
1441770
1060
24:02
Awesome.
393
1442830
1000
24:03
Let's continue on and review, compare to and compare with.
394
1443830
4490
24:08
Now first, let's talk about the verb.
395
1448320
3040
24:11
Compare to compare as a verb.
396
1451360
3230
24:14
This means.
397
1454590
1000
24:15
To identify the similarities and or differences between two things, there are two prepositions
398
1455590
8870
24:24
that you can use compare to or compare with.
399
1464460
4099
24:28
So let's start with compare to.
400
1468559
2701
24:31
As for sentence structure, you compare something to something.
401
1471260
5180
24:36
Remember compare is a verb, so you need to conjugate it with your subject and time reference.
402
1476440
5710
24:42
When you compare something to something, it means that you're examining 2 things to identify
403
1482150
6540
24:48
their similarities.
404
1488690
1120
24:49
You're focusing on how a A is similar to B.
405
1489810
5580
24:55
You're looking at A&B and you're trying to see how are they alike, what are the similarities.
406
1495390
8590
25:03
That's how we use compare.
407
1503980
1569
25:05
To so for.
408
1505549
1281
25:06
Example, I could say many people are comparing this election to the one in 1968.
409
1506830
9150
25:15
So we have the election in 2020 and the election in 1968.
410
1515980
5569
25:21
So you're putting them side by side and you're doing that so you can see how are they similar,
411
1521549
6531
25:28
what are the commonalities?
412
1528080
2219
25:30
What is the?
413
1530299
1051
25:31
Likeness between these two.
414
1531350
3280
25:34
Now let's talk about compare with.
415
1534630
1929
25:36
The sentence structure is exactly the same, we're just changing the preposition.
416
1536559
4620
25:41
So you compare something with something.
417
1541179
3490
25:44
In this case you have your two things A&B and you put them side by side to look at their
418
1544669
7041
25:51
similarities and or differences, but with a focus on the differences.
419
1551710
7430
25:59
So you're trying to see how are they different?
420
1559140
2789
26:01
What does a have?
421
1561929
1630
26:03
That's.
422
1563559
1000
26:04
Different from B?
423
1564559
1341
26:05
Hmm, so that's more what you're doing when you compare something with something.
424
1565900
5680
26:11
So I could also say, thinking about our last example, I could say let's compare this candidate.
425
1571580
7080
26:18
With.
426
1578660
1000
26:19
This.
427
1579660
1000
26:20
Candidate OK, so we have candidate A, Candidate B I'm going to put them side by side, but
428
1580660
4070
26:24
this time I want to see how they're different.
429
1584730
3569
26:28
What is this one doing that this one isn't doing?
430
1588299
3411
26:31
Hmm.
431
1591710
1000
26:32
How are they different?
432
1592710
1480
26:34
So that's all you need to know.
433
1594190
1710
26:35
Compare to focus on similarities, compare with focus on differences.
434
1595900
5180
26:41
Now here's the thing.
435
1601080
1820
26:42
Native speakers generally.
436
1602900
2230
26:45
Don't follow this rule.
437
1605130
1530
26:46
I'll be honest, I don't follow this rule, OK?
438
1606660
4100
26:50
And when native speakers don't follow this rule, we just use them interchangeably.
439
1610760
6190
26:56
So I don't think about whether I'm comparing similarities or differences, and compare to
440
1616950
6501
27:03
two is the more common preposition.
441
1623451
4229
27:07
Interestingly, in the past, like many, many years ago, with was the more common preposition
442
1627680
6530
27:14
and they used it.
443
1634210
1569
27:15
For both.
444
1635779
1000
27:16
But now in modern usage of English.
445
1636779
2311
27:19
I don't know why.
446
1639090
1000
27:20
But it's more common just to use.
447
1640090
2689
27:22
2.
448
1642779
1000
27:23
And there's most native speakers don't use a difference between them.
449
1643779
4611
27:28
OK I.
450
1648390
1000
27:29
Don't.
451
1649390
1000
27:30
Like I said, so whether or not you actually want to follow.
452
1650390
2850
27:33
This.
453
1653240
1000
27:34
Rule I'll.
454
1654240
1000
27:35
Leave.
455
1655240
1000
27:36
It up to you, but I don't.
456
1656240
1410
27:37
And most of the people that I know don't either.
457
1657650
2760
27:40
In fact, I don't really know anybody that.
458
1660410
2550
27:42
Does follow this rule?
459
1662960
2280
27:45
But since it was a question, I wanted you to know by definition in a textbook what the
460
1665240
6230
27:51
answer is.
461
1671470
1600
27:53
And this is a great example of how we have textbook English, which is quite rigid and
462
1673070
5300
27:58
very strict about usage of words and language.
463
1678370
3730
28:02
But then we have real English, everyday English.
464
1682100
4329
28:06
Which is a.
465
1686429
1000
28:07
Lot more flexible and I use everyday English.
466
1687429
2961
28:10
I don't use textbook English and I always encourage my students to use everyday English
467
1690390
5830
28:16
as well.
468
1696220
1069
28:17
So ultimately the choice is yours.
469
1697289
3291
28:20
But regardless, why don't you try 2 examples in the comments below, One with compare to
470
1700580
5099
28:25
you can focus on similarities, one with compare with you can focus on differences and and
471
1705679
5951
28:31
then why don't you just?
472
1711630
1110
28:32
Do a third.
473
1712740
1569
28:34
Example where you're using them interchangeably, and I recommend using compare to because that's
474
1714309
6271
28:40
the more common choice.
475
1720580
1829
28:42
Are you ready for your quiz?
476
1722409
1880
28:44
Here are the questions.
477
1724289
1260
28:45
Hit, pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the
478
1725549
6301
28:51
answers.
479
1731850
9430
29:01
How did you do with that quiz?
480
1741280
1530
29:02
Make sure you share your score in the comments below, and let's continue on to the next group.
481
1742810
6219
29:09
This next one confuses a lot of native speakers.
482
1749029
3841
29:12
Let's talk about the difference between a compliment with an I and compliment with an
483
1752870
6029
29:18
E Now, first of all, you need to know that there's no difference in pronunciation.
484
1758899
5760
29:24
OK, so if you're using this in spoken English, it doesn't really matter which one you use
485
1764659
6951
29:31
because they sound exactly the same.
486
1771610
3169
29:34
But in written English, there's a difference.
487
1774779
4191
29:38
Okay.
488
1778970
1000
29:39
So just keep that in mind.
489
1779970
2060
29:42
Now these two words have very different meanings.
490
1782030
4060
29:46
Let's start with compliment.
491
1786090
2520
29:48
Complement is a verb.
492
1788610
2699
29:51
OK to complement and for sentence structure something complements something.
493
1791309
8031
29:59
Now remember, it's a verb, so it needs to be conjugated according to the sentence.
494
1799340
6410
30:05
What does this?
495
1805750
1520
30:07
Mean.
496
1807270
1000
30:08
It means to add to something or to complete something, or simply to go together nicely.
497
1808270
9389
30:17
Here's a really easy example for you.
498
1817659
3510
30:21
When I am doing my makeup, I think when I'm choosing my lipstick color, I think you know
499
1821169
7401
30:28
what lipstick would compliment my shirt, for example.
500
1828570
5790
30:34
Or when I'm picking out a shirt, I might think, what shirt would complement my pants?
501
1834360
6740
30:41
Which combination of things go nicely together?
502
1841100
4990
30:46
Does this lipstick add to my shirt?
503
1846090
2990
30:49
Does it complement it or does it take away from my shirt?
504
1849080
4310
30:53
And in that case, it doesn't complement it.
505
1853390
3480
30:56
So that's a very easy example.
506
1856870
2039
30:58
If you're a guy probably picking out a tie, what tie would complement the shirt you're
507
1858909
6661
31:05
wearing?
508
1865570
1000
31:06
Now let's take a really fun example.
509
1866570
2530
31:09
Here we have a delicious piece of apple pie, my favorite pie of flavor.
510
1869100
6709
31:15
Now think about this okay thinking about our definition to add to, to complete, to go nicely
511
1875809
8731
31:24
together.
512
1884540
1580
31:26
What do you think would complement this apple pie?
513
1886120
5399
31:31
There's no right or wrong answer.
514
1891519
1741
31:33
What you think would complement this pie could be very different than what I think.
515
1893260
4690
31:37
But do you think there are other food items or beverage items that could complement this
516
1897950
7079
31:45
piece of apple pie?
517
1905029
3921
31:48
Put your answer in the comments.
518
1908950
3290
31:52
What complements this apple pie?
519
1912240
5039
31:57
Remember, it's a verb, so you need to conjugate it accordingly when you put your example in
520
1917279
5691
32:02
the comments.
521
1922970
1000
32:03
So stop.
522
1923970
1000
32:04
Pause the video if you need, and put it in the comments.
523
1924970
3589
32:08
What compliments this apple pie?
524
1928559
3191
32:11
Well, many things could.
525
1931750
2940
32:14
The first thing I thought of was ice cream.
526
1934690
5079
32:19
Ice cream?
527
1939769
1491
32:21
Definitely compliments apple pie, in my opinion.
528
1941260
3350
32:24
You may disagree, and that's OK.
529
1944610
2840
32:27
Whipped cream compliments apple pie.
530
1947450
2540
32:29
Now, I've heard many people put a piece of cheese on apple pie and they think that cheese
531
1949990
7720
32:37
really complements apple pie.
532
1957710
2660
32:40
That's one that's for me a little bit.
533
1960370
1650
32:42
I don't know it.
534
1962020
1080
32:43
Sounds a little weird.
535
1963100
1220
32:44
But lots of people think that cheese compliments apple pie.
536
1964320
4010
32:48
Now thinking about beverages?
537
1968330
1790
32:50
Maybe a cup of coffee or tea or hot chocolate.
538
1970120
3570
32:53
Hot apple cider could complement this apple pie.
539
1973690
3900
32:57
A glass of milk could complement this apple pie.
540
1977590
4709
33:02
Lots of different options could complement this apple pie.
541
1982299
4611
33:06
So now you know what compliment with an E means.
542
1986910
4330
33:11
So put an example sentence in the comments, pause the video and think of an example sentence.
543
1991240
7730
33:18
And remember, our structure is something compliments something and it's a verb.
544
1998970
6890
33:25
So you need to conjugate your verb accordingly.
545
2005860
2990
33:28
Pause the video.
546
2008850
1280
33:30
Put your example in the comments.
547
2010130
3120
33:33
Now let's talk about complement with an I.
548
2013250
4360
33:37
This can be both a verb to complement and a noun, a compliment or compliments.
549
2017610
8199
33:45
The.
550
2025809
1071
33:46
Meaning is completely different than complement.
551
2026880
3900
33:50
With an E they.
552
2030780
1380
33:52
Don't relate to each other at all.
553
2032160
2820
33:54
OK, so they're completely separate words.
554
2034980
5160
34:00
Compliment with an I.
555
2040140
1720
34:01
You can think of them as kind words of praise.
556
2041860
4490
34:06
Or approval so if.
557
2046350
2470
34:08
You write in the comments Hey Jennifer awesome video.
558
2048820
5289
34:14
You can pause right now and write that.
559
2054109
2161
34:16
In the.
560
2056270
1000
34:17
Comments.
561
2057270
1000
34:18
Do it.
562
2058270
1000
34:19
Just do it.
563
2059270
1000
34:20
OK?
564
2060270
1000
34:21
It's part of the example.
565
2061270
1000
34:22
So pause the video and write Hey Jennifer, awesome video right there.
566
2062270
4530
34:26
You just complimented me.
567
2066800
3819
34:30
Notice you just complimented me.
568
2070619
4210
34:34
Is that a noun?
569
2074829
1000
34:35
Or a verb.
570
2075829
1000
34:36
What do you think?
571
2076829
1151
34:37
Noun or verb?
572
2077980
1300
34:39
Put it in the comments.
573
2079280
2260
34:41
You just complimented me.
574
2081540
2109
34:43
Well, it's a verb, and you can probably identify that it's a verb because it's conjugated in
575
2083649
5851
34:49
the past.
576
2089500
1000
34:50
Simple.
577
2090500
1000
34:51
You just complimented me because you just did the action right.
578
2091500
3490
34:54
It's completed.
579
2094990
1000
34:55
You wrote in the comments you complimented me.
580
2095990
3760
34:59
I could also say you complimented my video.
581
2099750
4589
35:04
I could say that as well.
582
2104339
1651
35:05
And this simply means.
583
2105990
1240
35:07
You.
584
2107230
1000
35:08
Offered me words of praise, words of approval and kind words.
585
2108230
6280
35:14
Now if I'm walking down the street and you see me, you say, hey, I really like that sweater
586
2114510
7000
35:21
you just complimented me.
587
2121510
1840
35:23
You complimented my sweater.
588
2123350
1910
35:25
Or if I smile and you're like.
589
2125260
1960
35:27
Jennifer, you have.
590
2127220
1080
35:28
Such a nice smile.
591
2128300
1440
35:29
You just complimented me.
592
2129740
2800
35:32
OK, so all these small little nice words.
593
2132540
4190
35:36
Those.
594
2136730
1280
35:38
Are compliments.
595
2138010
1360
35:39
Those are compliments right there.
596
2139370
3410
35:42
Did I use it as a noun or a verb?
597
2142780
3110
35:45
Those.
598
2145890
1000
35:46
Those.
599
2146890
1000
35:47
Kind words.
600
2147890
1000
35:48
Those are compliments here.
601
2148890
2580
35:51
It's a noun.
602
2151470
1870
35:53
OK, so as a noun, it's a thing.
603
2153340
3430
35:56
Like that word of approval, that word of praise.
604
2156770
2750
35:59
It's a thing.
605
2159520
1400
36:00
Now, of course you can compliment somebody's smile, their hair, their earrings, their clothing,
606
2160920
6810
36:07
things like that.
607
2167730
1770
36:09
But in a workplace, hopefully you're going to offer compliments.
608
2169500
4859
36:14
Now hopefully you're going to offer compliments based on their work, based on their performance,
609
2174359
6361
36:20
right?
610
2180720
1000
36:21
So anytime your Co worker or your employee does a good job, you can pay them a compliment.
611
2181720
7080
36:28
Pay them a compliment.
612
2188800
3200
36:32
You can also give them a compliment.
613
2192000
3579
36:35
Those are two verbs that we use interchangeably with the noun.
614
2195579
4731
36:40
So you can.
615
2200310
1000
36:41
Give.
616
2201310
1000
36:42
Someone a compliment.
617
2202310
1000
36:43
You can pay someone a compliment, Okay.
618
2203310
2530
36:45
So let's say you're in a meeting and your coworker gives a presentation.
619
2205840
5390
36:51
At the end of the presentation, you can say that was a really amazing presentation.
620
2211230
7920
36:59
You did an awesome job right there.
621
2219150
3880
37:03
You just gave your coworker a compliment.
622
2223030
4470
37:07
Okay, you paid your coworker a compliment.
623
2227500
4160
37:11
Those two sentence structures are interchangeable, and they're using the noun form now.
624
2231660
5600
37:17
You can also use the verb form.
625
2237260
3180
37:20
So pause the video and think, How could I take this example and change it into the verb
626
2240440
5860
37:26
form?
627
2246300
1000
37:27
Hmm.
628
2247300
1000
37:28
What do you think?
629
2248300
1000
37:29
Write it in the comments below.
630
2249300
1870
37:31
How could I take this and change it into the verb form to compliment?
631
2251170
4939
37:36
Do you have it?
632
2256109
2951
37:39
You just complimented your coworker.
633
2259060
4270
37:43
You complimented their presentation.
634
2263330
3430
37:46
You complimented them.
635
2266760
2720
37:49
So in this case you need to remember that the meaning is very different between complement
636
2269480
5849
37:55
and complement and also how you use them, because complement with an I can be used as
637
2275329
8000
38:03
both a verb and a noun.
638
2283329
2621
38:05
So I want you to get comfortable with both of these forms.
639
2285950
3180
38:09
So pause the video and write in the comments an example with the noun and the verb.
640
2289130
7610
38:16
So why don't you tell us the last time that you gave someone a compliment and the last
641
2296740
6860
38:23
time that you complimented someone using the same sentence in both a noun and a verb form?
642
2303600
7910
38:31
Are you ready for your quiz?
643
2311510
1870
38:33
Here are the questions.
644
2313380
1260
38:34
Hit, pause.
645
2314640
1449
38:36
Take as much time as you need and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
646
2316089
14291
38:50
How did you do with that quiz?
647
2330380
1620
38:52
Make sure you share your score in the comments below and let's continue on to the next group.
648
2332000
5540
38:57
Lots of students make mistakes with the next pair.
649
2337540
4140
39:01
Let's review elder and older.
650
2341680
2620
39:04
Both of these are used to talk about advanced age when making a comparison.
651
2344300
6269
39:10
So in order to make that comparison, we need two people.
652
2350569
2711
39:13
One needs to be younger and one needs to be older, older.
653
2353280
5620
39:18
So let's take Don and Ed, and let's say that Don is 15 and Ed is 18.
654
2358900
7830
39:26
So of course Don is younger and Ed is older.
655
2366730
4030
39:30
Now let's say Don and Ed are brothers.
656
2370760
3900
39:34
So Don, Don speaking and Don could say Ed is my older brother, my older brother using
657
2374660
12020
39:46
older to make that comparison between the ages and is to describe what type of brother
658
2386680
6660
39:53
he is now.
659
2393340
1310
39:54
Don could also say Ed is my elder brother, technically.
660
2394650
6270
40:00
Technically Don can say this, but if Don is a native English speaker in North America,
661
2400920
7659
40:08
Don is not going to say that because although according to a dictionary and a grammar rule
662
2408579
6911
40:15
you can use elder to replace older, in a comparison between two people to talk about their age,
663
2415490
9640
40:25
we don't do that.
664
2425130
1290
40:26
OK, to me it sounds awkward, it sounds unnatural, and it's not something I hear.
665
2426420
6610
40:33
So my recommendation to you is to use older.
666
2433030
5039
40:38
Even though elder is grammatically correct, I still want you to use older because it will
667
2438069
5030
40:43
help you sound more natural.
668
2443099
1811
40:44
Now we can also make a general statement and say Ed is older than dawn.
669
2444910
7920
40:52
So notice here I'm using older than.
670
2452830
3400
40:56
That's a comparative adjective.
671
2456230
2240
40:58
Olders are adjective.
672
2458470
2790
41:01
Than we have our comparative adjective.
673
2461260
4000
41:05
Ed is older than dawn.
674
2465260
2740
41:08
Now in this case I cannot say grammatically I cannot say Ed is elder than dawn.
675
2468000
8630
41:16
We don't use elder than it doesn't exist as a comparative adjective, and that's according
676
2476630
7030
41:23
to grammar as well.
677
2483660
1690
41:25
So you might be wondering, if I'm telling you don't use elder when you're talking about
678
2485350
5210
41:30
ages between 2:00 people, when can you use elder?
679
2490560
4170
41:34
Should you?
680
2494730
1000
41:35
Ever use it?
681
2495730
1000
41:36
Well, there is one specific case that we commonly use it in North America, and that's using
682
2496730
6430
41:43
elder as a noun.
683
2503160
3150
41:46
A noun okay, not an adjective as a noun.
684
2506310
5340
41:51
And elder and elder would be 1 and elders would be a group they.
685
2511650
7169
41:58
Are.
686
2518819
1141
41:59
Senior citizens, senior citizens, and using the name Elder sounds respectful.
687
2519960
6640
42:06
It sounds like a nice thing to say.
688
2526600
2440
42:09
It's certainly more polite than describing them as.
689
2529040
3770
42:12
Old.
690
2532810
1000
42:13
People, right?
691
2533810
1070
42:14
Just describing them as elders.
692
2534880
1380
42:16
It's a sign of respect and it's very polite.
693
2536260
3690
42:19
But we use this for senior citizens.
694
2539950
2899
42:22
Now, honestly, my definition of a senior citizen is probably about someone who's 80 or.
695
2542849
7520
42:30
Older.
696
2550369
1000
42:31
80 or.
697
2551369
1250
42:32
Older.
698
2552619
1000
42:33
Why?
699
2553619
1000
42:34
Because I think in today's modern world, people are working well into their 70s.
700
2554619
6000
42:40
So maybe previously you'd be considered a senior citizen at 70 or maybe even 65.
701
2560619
7381
42:48
But I don't see that in this modern world.
702
2568000
3710
42:51
When I see a 70 year old, I see somebody who's still working, still traveling.
703
2571710
5280
42:56
When I think of elder, I think of like grandmas and grandpas sitting in a rocking chair, like
704
2576990
5770
43:02
knitting.
705
2582760
1000
43:03
OK, so in my mind, as someone who's about 80 or older, so we have an expression, it's
706
2583760
6140
43:09
just like a common saying, always respect your elders.
707
2589900
4020
43:13
I heard this all the time when I was growing up as a kid.
708
2593920
5370
43:19
Always respect your elders.
709
2599290
1650
43:20
And keep in mind elders as a group, as a noun.
710
2600940
3990
43:24
Remember, just senior citizens, people who are 80, plus, this isn't people in your direct
711
2604930
6980
43:31
family.
712
2611910
1000
43:32
So it's not just talking about my grandmother, my grandfather or anything like that.
713
2612910
4980
43:37
My great uncle, great great uncle.
714
2617890
1850
43:39
No, it's about any senior citizen, OK?
715
2619740
3230
43:42
It doesn't have to be related to you.
716
2622970
2470
43:45
So when we say, like always respect your elders.
717
2625440
2200
43:47
I imagine if I'm on a bus, for example, public transportation, and an elder enters the bus,
718
2627640
8630
43:56
gets on the bus, I would give my seat to that elder person.
719
2636270
6079
44:02
Why?
720
2642349
1000
44:03
Because that's how we respect our elders.
721
2643349
3981
44:07
Or same thing, if I was in a grocery store, I would let the elder person go in front of
722
2647330
5979
44:13
me.
723
2653309
1000
44:14
But remember that is 80 plus senior citizen.
724
2654309
4471
44:18
So that's an expression that we have always respect your elders.
725
2658780
3880
44:22
So let me know in the comments, is that an expression that you have in your country?
726
2662660
4380
44:27
I'm sure it's a universal concept.
727
2667040
2539
44:29
And what's something that you do to respect your elders.
728
2669579
4241
44:33
So for me, I always open doors, I let them go ahead of me in line.
729
2673820
3920
44:37
I even offered to carry their bags if.
730
2677740
2750
44:40
They look heavy.
731
2680490
1530
44:42
Things like that.
732
2682020
1000
44:43
I always try to help out elders.
733
2683020
2380
44:45
What about you?
734
2685400
1000
44:46
What's something you do now?
735
2686400
2300
44:48
So that's how I would recommend using elders to refer to a group of senior citizens and
736
2688700
7100
44:55
to summarize, when you're just talking about your brother or you know, a family member
737
2695800
6019
45:01
that is more advanced in age.
738
2701819
2961
45:04
Use.
739
2704780
1000
45:05
Older.
740
2705780
1000
45:06
Don't use elder, You'll sound more natural.
741
2706780
3290
45:10
So now you have everything you need to use these two confidently.
742
2710070
3310
45:13
So feel free leave two comments below, one with older, one with elder.
743
2713380
4170
45:17
I already told you how to use elder.
744
2717550
2340
45:19
Give us an example of how you respect your elders.
745
2719890
5060
45:24
Are you ready for your quiz?
746
2724950
1880
45:26
Here are the questions.
747
2726830
1259
45:28
Hit pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the
748
2728089
6301
45:34
answers.
749
2734390
9439
45:43
How did you do with that quiz?
750
2743829
1531
45:45
Make sure you share your score in the comments below and let's continue on to the next group.
751
2745360
5979
45:51
I get questions a lot on the difference between employ, employer, employee, and employment.
752
2751339
8071
45:59
Let's review these.
753
2759410
1000
46:00
Now let's start with employ.
754
2760410
2610
46:03
This is a verb.
755
2763020
1360
46:04
To employ as a verb, of course, you need to conjugate it with your subject and your time
756
2764380
5420
46:09
reference.
757
2769800
1150
46:10
Now what does this mean?
758
2770950
1400
46:12
Well, you need to understand the sentence structure of how to use this verb and someone
759
2772350
5910
46:18
or something like a company, someone employs someone and when that someone or something
760
2778260
6970
46:25
like a company employs someone, that means that they pay them money in order to do.
761
2785230
7910
46:33
A.
762
2793140
1000
46:34
Job.
763
2794140
1000
46:35
That's what the verb employee means.
764
2795140
1270
46:36
So let's look at some examples.
765
2796410
2100
46:38
I could say the company employs many students.
766
2798510
4400
46:42
Now you might think, oh, as a student they're just doing the work for free volunteer work.
767
2802910
6120
46:49
Or it's an internship.
768
2809030
1339
46:50
No, it can't.
769
2810369
1730
46:52
If you use the verb employee, there has to be money exchanged for work, so it isn't volunteer,
770
2812099
7750
46:59
even though that person is a student.
771
2819849
1990
47:01
If a company employs them, it means they're paying them to do that job.
772
2821839
6591
47:08
Another example, you could commonly ask how many.
773
2828430
4160
47:12
People.
774
2832590
1040
47:13
Does your company employ How many people work at your company and receive money in order
775
2833630
7880
47:21
to do that work?
776
2841510
2099
47:23
Employee is a noun.
777
2843609
2411
47:26
You.
778
2846020
1000
47:27
Are most likely an employee.
779
2847020
2960
47:29
If you work for someone else, whether it's a company or an individual, and that someone
780
2849980
6760
47:36
pays you money to do the work, then you're an employee.
781
2856740
5300
47:42
You're not an employee if you own your own business and you work for yourself, for example.
782
2862040
7610
47:49
But if you work for someone else or a company, of course then you're an employee.
783
2869650
5900
47:55
Now as an example, you can ask the same question that we asked before using the verb employee.
784
2875550
7100
48:02
But this time you would ask how many employees?
785
2882650
3780
48:06
How many employees does this company have?
786
2886430
5139
48:11
Because now we know an employee is someone who works for a company and is paid for it.
787
2891569
5971
48:17
How many employees does this company have?
788
2897540
2870
48:20
Or another example, the company gave every employee a raise.
789
2900410
5659
48:26
So every person at that company that receives a paycheck, they gave them all a raise.
790
2906069
5641
48:31
All their employees got a raise.
791
2911710
2750
48:34
Now let's talk about employer.
792
2914460
2020
48:36
I hear many students even sometimes native speakers confuse employee and employer.
793
2916480
7700
48:44
All you have to remember is employee is the one getting paid and the employer is the one
794
2924180
6280
48:50
paying the employee.
795
2930460
2480
48:52
OK, so employer that's like the boss, it's the company.
796
2932940
4899
48:57
Employee is the one working at that company and getting paid.
797
2937839
4720
49:02
So you can think of it as an employer is a company or a person that employs people.
798
2942559
6821
49:09
Now that you know what the verb employee means.
799
2949380
2989
49:12
For example, let's say you're going to a job interview and they say to you, HR says to
800
2952369
6591
49:18
you we need a reference from your last employer.
801
2958960
5210
49:24
Your last employer.
802
2964170
1689
49:25
So the last person or company that employed you.
803
2965859
5661
49:31
Notice how all these words are coming together.
804
2971520
3089
49:34
Or another example, and this could be a great example sentence that you leave in the comments
805
2974609
4601
49:39
below.
806
2979210
1000
49:40
So just think of this.
807
2980210
1000
49:41
I could say the government is the largest employer in my city.
808
2981210
6050
49:47
And this is true because I live in the capital.
809
2987260
2720
49:49
And in the capital, that's where all the official government business takes place.
810
2989980
5540
49:55
So the government is the biggest employer in my city.
811
2995520
5760
50:01
The government employs the most people, so all the employees, they're employees.
812
3001280
7720
50:09
Of.
813
3009000
1000
50:10
The government see how it's all coming together now.
814
3010000
3359
50:13
Finally, employment, employment.
815
3013359
3791
50:17
You can think of this more as a concept.
816
3017150
3320
50:20
It's a noun, and it's the concept of paying someone.
817
3020470
5180
50:25
For work.
818
3025650
1179
50:26
But as a concept, we talk about it more in terms of employment rate, employment level.
819
3026829
7701
50:34
So you'll see employment used in a lot of statistics.
820
3034530
4110
50:38
For example, they might say right now employment levels are at an all time low, so employment
821
3038640
8860
50:47
levels, that's simply the number of people employed.
822
3047500
5440
50:52
Now also they talk about unemployment, unemployment, unemployment of course are the people that
823
3052940
7369
51:00
are not employed are not working for money, right.
824
3060309
5441
51:05
So you might say the unemployment rate in my city is really high, so the number of people
825
3065750
7100
51:12
who are not employed.
826
3072850
2920
51:15
So now you know how to use employ, employee, employer and employment.
827
3075770
5870
51:21
So definitely it's your turn to practice.
828
3081640
2880
51:24
Try writing four sentences, leave them in a the comments below and then feel free to
829
3084520
5880
51:30
leave a fifth bonus sentence and see how many you can use in one sentence because they all
830
3090400
7399
51:37
relate together.
831
3097799
1991
51:39
So you might need to watch this video again.
832
3099790
3549
51:43
Are you ready for your quiz?
833
3103339
1881
51:45
Here are are the questions.
834
3105220
1250
51:46
Hit pawns.
835
3106470
1450
51:47
Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
836
3107920
14290
52:02
How did you do with that quiz?
837
3122210
1450
52:03
Make sure you share your score in the comments below and let's continue on to the next group.
838
3123660
6310
52:09
You're doing so awesome.
839
3129970
1550
52:11
Our final pair is the difference between income and revenue.
840
3131520
6480
52:18
First of all, you only need to know this if you own a business or if you're interested
841
3138000
6880
52:24
in business topics.
842
3144880
1330
52:26
Because if you're an individual who?
843
3146210
2500
52:28
Works.
844
3148710
1000
52:29
For a company, if you're an employee, you're employed by a company.
845
3149710
4500
52:34
All you need to be concerned about is income.
846
3154210
2879
52:37
Revenue does not apply to you.
847
3157089
2611
52:39
OK, but you might be interested to know about the revenue that your company generates.
848
3159700
6369
52:46
But an individual does not generate revenue.
849
3166069
2841
52:48
A company generates revenue.
850
3168910
3679
52:52
So just keep that.
851
3172589
1000
52:53
Come on.
852
3173589
1000
52:54
So for an individual, let's say you work for a company and you're just concerned about
853
3174589
5041
52:59
the money in your pocket.
854
3179630
2179
53:01
As an employee, what is income?
855
3181809
4011
53:05
Income is how much money you make from all.
856
3185820
4230
53:10
Sources.
857
3190050
1350
53:11
All sources.
858
3191400
1000
53:12
OK, So what does that mean, all sources?
859
3192400
2820
53:15
Well, let's say that you are a full time employee.
860
3195220
3619
53:18
OK, And let's say you have a salary and you make $75,000 a year.
861
3198839
6621
53:25
But in addition to your full time employment, you're also an artist and you like to paint
862
3205460
8310
53:33
in your spare time.
863
3213770
2250
53:36
But twice a year you go to art shows on weekends and you sell your art.
864
3216020
6849
53:42
You don't consider this a job because you love painting.
865
3222869
3371
53:46
It's just a hobby of yours.
866
3226240
2230
53:48
But your paintings are really wonderful and people want to buy them.
867
3228470
4490
53:52
So you go to these art shows and you sell your paintings twice a year, and from those
868
3232960
6310
53:59
art shows you make $20,000 from your art.
869
3239270
5690
54:04
So your.
870
3244960
1000
54:05
Income is not just the money you get from your employer.
871
3245960
5050
54:11
Your income is all sources of money that you receive, so of course your employer is probably
872
3251010
6070
54:17
going to be the most important income source I imagine.
873
3257080
3870
54:20
But if you have any sort of hobbies that you generate money from, even if you have a garage
874
3260950
6369
54:27
sale and you make $1000, technically that's still your income.
875
3267319
6231
54:33
You sell a bike and you make 100 bucks.
876
3273550
3049
54:36
You would include that in your total income.
877
3276599
2270
54:38
So your total income is the money you make from all sources.
878
3278869
4921
54:43
Now let's go back to the concept of revenue versus income.
879
3283790
3880
54:47
But remember, this is something that only applies to businesses, small businesses, large
880
3287670
5699
54:53
businesses.
881
3293369
1000
54:54
It doesn't matter any type of business.
882
3294369
2621
54:56
So in a business, revenue is the money generated from all sales.
883
3296990
6520
55:03
So let's say a company has five different products and each of those products generates
884
3303510
7010
55:10
some money.
885
3310520
1230
55:11
And then you Add all of those together and that company generates $25 million that year.
886
3311750
7260
55:19
That's the revenue, the money generated from all sales.
887
3319010
5039
55:24
Now what's income in a company?
888
3324049
3731
55:27
Income is the revenue, which we just learned, the revenue minus the expenses.
889
3327780
8059
55:35
That leaves you with the income.
890
3335839
2980
55:38
So let's say you generate that $25 million, but to do that you needed to spend $10 million
891
3338819
7901
55:46
in advertisement.
892
3346720
1960
55:48
So your revenue is $25 million, but your income is your revenue minus your expenses.
893
3348680
8600
55:57
So your income is $15 million.
894
3357280
4100
56:01
Now just in case you're wondering, that is also referred to as net profit.
895
3361380
5020
56:06
That's just a little bonus expression for you.
896
3366400
3760
56:10
So there you have it.
897
3370160
1550
56:11
That's the difference between revenue and income.
898
3371710
3149
56:14
So now it's your return to practice.
899
3374859
1430
56:16
Why don't you leave 2 examples in the comments below, 1 using revenue and one using income?
900
3376289
6540
56:22
Are you ready for your quiz?
901
3382829
1881
56:24
Here are the questions.
902
3384710
1250
56:25
Hit pause.
903
3385960
1450
56:27
Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
904
3387410
8660
56:36
1st, let's talk about the difference between sympathy and empathy.
905
3396070
11630
56:47
So let's give a scenario.
906
3407700
1520
56:49
Let's imagine that your friend Ted.
907
3409220
2010
56:51
Just.
908
3411230
1000
56:52
Lost his.
909
3412230
1080
56:53
Job.
910
3413310
1000
56:54
So this could be a situation, a negative situation where you want to give some sympathy or some
911
3414310
6700
57:01
empathy.
912
3421010
1800
57:02
So if you want to give.
913
3422810
1880
57:04
Ted.
914
3424690
1000
57:05
Sympathy.
915
3425690
1000
57:06
You're going to say something like, oh, I'm sorry to hear that.
916
3426690
3800
57:10
Oh.
917
3430490
1000
57:11
That's too bad.
918
3431490
1000
57:12
That really sucks.
919
3432490
2970
57:15
So you're going to say those?
920
3435460
1909
57:17
Words.
921
3437369
1000
57:18
To Ted.
922
3438369
1190
57:19
But then you're going to go on with the rest of your day.
923
3439559
4711
57:24
You're going to be happy, you're going to have fun, you're going to do whatever.
924
3444270
3690
57:27
And you're not really going to think about Ted and his situation anymore.
925
3447960
5320
57:33
Because sympathy is at the surface level.
926
3453280
3210
57:36
Okay.
927
3456490
1000
57:37
A situation happens to a friend, a colleague, a Co worker, a family member, someone you
928
3457490
6240
57:43
know.
929
3463730
1000
57:44
And then you just use your words to offer some words of support, words of comfort.
930
3464730
5490
57:50
And then you go on with your day.
931
3470220
2760
57:52
What is empathy, though?
932
3472980
3119
57:56
Empathy is deeper.
933
3476099
1871
57:57
Empathy is about emotion.
934
3477970
2820
58:00
Empathy isn't really about words.
935
3480790
3940
58:04
Empathy is about trying to understand the emotion that Ted is feeling.
936
3484730
7540
58:12
So trying to either imagine what Ted must be feeling right now because he just lost
937
3492270
6809
58:19
his job.
938
3499079
1000
58:20
The stress he must be feeling, the insecurity, the frustration, the anger, the lack of confidence.
939
3500079
9001
58:29
Whatever emotions that Ted's feeling, you want to understand them, but you want to almost
940
3509080
6360
58:35
take those emotions on and you.
941
3515440
3080
58:38
Feel.
942
3518520
1000
58:39
Those emotions.
943
3519520
1110
58:40
So even though Ted lost his job, you feel the pain of Ted losing his job.
944
3520630
8810
58:49
And by doing that, you're able to offer more comfort and more support to Ted because you
945
3529440
8179
58:57
truly want to understand what it feels like now, Because of that, empathy is really not
946
3537619
9210
59:06
about words.
947
3546829
2151
59:08
Empathy is about emotion.
948
3548980
2599
59:11
So how could you show Ted that you have empathy for his situation?
949
3551579
7280
59:18
Well, you might sit beside Ted on the couch and just put your arm around him or give him
950
3558859
8061
59:26
a hug.
951
3566920
1000
59:27
Or maybe you show your emotion by even having some tears in your eyes as Ted is telling
952
3567920
7199
59:35
you about how he lost his job and how he's not sure how he's going to pay his mortgage.
953
3575119
6071
59:41
You, you don't say anything, but you show Ted that you understand what he's going through
954
3581190
7000
59:48
because you might have some visible tears in your eyes, or you put your hand on his
955
3588190
5830
59:54
shoulder, on his knee, or you just sit there silently and allow the emotion to be present.
956
3594020
9000
60:03
That's empathy.
957
3603020
1520
60:04
Empathy is at a much deeper level.
958
3604540
2940
60:07
And then when you leave, so you say goodbye to Ted Okay and then you go home.
959
3607480
5460
60:12
And even though Ted is in his home and you're in your home, you still feel it.
960
3612940
5800
60:18
You still feel the emotion.
961
3618740
2359
60:21
You're still a little bit sad yourself.
962
3621099
3791
60:24
That's empathy.
963
3624890
1130
60:26
It's way deeper of an emotion.
964
3626020
2920
60:28
So to summarize, sympathy is about offering words of comfort.
965
3628940
4770
60:33
But.
966
3633710
1000
60:34
But it's.
967
3634710
1000
60:35
Step one, offering the words of comfort.
968
3635710
2860
60:38
And then you offer those words of comfort.
969
3638570
1870
60:40
And then you just go about your day, go about your life as normal.
970
3640440
5950
60:46
Empathy is about taking it further, and it's no longer about words.
971
3646390
4800
60:51
It's about emotions.
972
3651190
1599
60:52
And it's trying to understand what someone is feeling or the situation that they're going
973
3652789
6040
60:58
through at a deeper level so you can offer support to that person.
974
3658829
5711
61:04
So that's the difference between sympathy and empathy.
975
3664540
3670
61:08
As these are more concepts, we don't really use them in sentences.
976
3668210
6060
61:14
So I know I usually ask you to practice in the practice in the comments below.
977
3674270
6030
61:20
However.
978
3680300
1039
61:21
You might not really be able to practice sentences using these words.
979
3681339
4471
61:25
So because of that, maybe you can just talk about a scenario where you might want to offer
980
3685810
5230
61:31
someone's sympathy, and then a scenario where you want to offer someone empathy.
981
3691040
4509
61:35
Or you can think back to a time in your life where you did offer someone's sympathy and
982
3695549
4790
61:40
then someone empathy.
983
3700339
1000
61:41
So maybe you can just talk about those scenarios more to practice using these expressions.
984
3701339
5740
61:47
Amazing job.
985
3707079
1460
61:48
Let's move on and look at the difference between relate to and related to.
986
3708539
5621
61:54
So first, let's talk about how to use to relate to something.
987
3714160
5919
62:00
When you relate to something, it means you understand a situation or you understand someone's
988
3720079
8510
62:08
feelings.
989
3728589
1270
62:09
And the reason why you understand that situation or someone's feelings is because you've had
990
3729859
6420
62:16
a similar experience.
991
3736279
2181
62:18
You've experienced it yourself and because of that you understand the situation or how
992
3738460
7609
62:26
someone feels.
993
3746069
1491
62:27
So let's say your coworker comes up to you and says, oh, this project is really stressing
994
3747560
5360
62:32
me out.
995
3752920
1510
62:34
Now imagine that in the past you were on that exact same project and you experienced stress
996
3754430
9099
62:43
when you were on that project.
997
3763529
2991
62:46
You've had the same experience.
998
3766520
2309
62:48
Because of that, you can just say, I can relate to that, I can relate to that.
999
3768829
7591
62:56
And what is the that?
1000
3776420
1540
62:57
Well, the that is feeling stressed out on the project.
1001
3777960
5599
63:03
You've experienced the exact same feelings that your coworker is experiencing now, and
1002
3783559
7902
63:11
because you can relate to that, you can probably have a different conversation.
1003
3791461
6049
63:17
You can have a more in depth conversation or maybe you can share some tips and advice
1004
3797510
5599
63:23
because you've had that same experience.
1005
3803109
2930
63:26
Here's a great example I saw on you, Glitch.
1006
3806039
3141
63:29
We can all relate.
1007
3809180
1070
63:30
To.
1008
3810250
1000
63:31
Having doubt or feeling insecure about certain things right?
1009
3811250
5270
63:36
And you agree with that, right?
1010
3816520
1900
63:38
You can relate to having doubt.
1011
3818420
2300
63:40
You.
1012
3820720
1000
63:41
Can relate to feeling insecure if I ask you can.
1013
3821720
4670
63:46
You.
1014
3826390
1000
63:47
Relate to that I'm asking you.
1015
3827390
3219
63:50
Have you?
1016
3830609
1000
63:51
Ever experienced that in your life?
1017
3831609
2881
63:54
And if you've never experienced doubt and you've never experienced insecurity, well,
1018
3834490
5690
64:00
then you're not human, right?
1019
3840180
2650
64:02
Because we've all experienced it, right?
1020
3842830
4180
64:07
Of course we have.
1021
3847010
1000
64:08
It's a human emotion.
1022
3848010
1000
64:09
We experience all emotions, negative and positive.
1023
3849010
3980
64:12
Now, why might you say something like this?
1024
3852990
3480
64:16
Well, likely because you want to connect to whoever you're talking to.
1025
3856470
4690
64:21
If a student is coming to me and telling me how insecure they feel about using their English
1026
3861160
8389
64:29
in public, I can let them know that I can relate to that.
1027
3869549
5661
64:35
And if the student feels like, oh, Jennifer has experienced this as well.
1028
3875210
4960
64:40
Then they might.
1029
3880170
1159
64:41
Be more open to hearing the advice I have to share, or they might just feel closer to
1030
3881329
7161
64:48
me, more connected to me because we've had that same experience.
1031
3888490
5070
64:53
So that's how we feel connected to each other.
1032
3893560
2269
64:55
It's through shared experiences, right?
1033
3895829
2721
64:58
So it's really powerful to try to relate to somebody's experience or to let them know
1034
3898550
6680
65:05
that you can relate to what they're feeling or what they're experiencing right now.
1035
3905230
6490
65:11
Now notice in our Youglish example, what do you notice about the verb we have relate to?
1036
3911720
8490
65:20
And then what do you notice relate to, relate to having, and notice it's also relate to
1037
3920210
8520
65:28
feeling.
1038
3928730
2320
65:31
Both of our verbs are in the gerund.
1039
3931050
2700
65:33
This is a gerund expression when you want to use a verb next.
1040
3933750
4840
65:38
I can relate to feeling, having, wanting, missing, needing, whatever verb.
1041
3938590
10080
65:48
Your.
1042
3948670
1000
65:49
Have next is going to be in the gerund, so make sure you pay attention to that when you're
1043
3949670
4390
65:54
forming your sentences.
1044
3954060
1940
65:56
Now let's talk about to be related.
1045
3956000
3150
65:59
To.
1046
3959150
1260
66:00
Someone, When you are related to someone, it means that they are a family member.
1047
3960410
7240
66:07
They're part of your family.
1048
3967650
1350
66:09
You share the same.
1049
3969000
1530
66:10
Blood genes, DNA.
1050
3970530
2490
66:13
You come.
1051
3973020
1000
66:14
From the same family, even if it's a great, great, great, great, great aunt or uncle,
1052
3974020
6250
66:20
even if it's a very distant family member, you're.
1053
3980270
3450
66:23
Still.
1054
3983720
1000
66:24
Related.
1055
3984720
1000
66:25
To.
1056
3985720
1000
66:26
Them to.
1057
3986720
1000
66:27
Be related to someone.
1058
3987720
3149
66:30
So let's say your friend invites you to their family reunion.
1059
3990869
5391
66:36
And at a family reunion, everybody is going to be related, right?
1060
3996260
6680
66:42
Well, not everybody.
1061
4002940
1810
66:44
Because of course other people could bring friends or people they're just dating, for
1062
4004750
5350
66:50
example.
1063
4010100
1000
66:51
They're not related to them.
1064
4011100
2100
66:53
That's a very important point.
1065
4013200
1990
66:55
You're not related to your spouse, the person you're married to, because that would mean
1066
4015190
6600
67:01
you share the same DNA and genes and blood.
1067
4021790
3320
67:05
And that's just a little creepy, right?
1068
4025110
2280
67:07
No, you're not related to your spouse.
1069
4027390
3130
67:10
You're married to them.
1070
4030520
1370
67:11
You're part of their family, but you're not relatives.
1071
4031890
3530
67:15
You're not blood relatives, right?
1072
4035420
3020
67:18
You're related to your mother, father, brother, sister and uncle, grandmother, grandfather
1073
4038440
9070
67:27
and cousins, and then the second, the third, the extended family as well, down the family
1074
4047510
6910
67:34
tree.
1075
4054420
1000
67:35
But you're not related.
1076
4055420
1530
67:36
To.
1077
4056950
1129
67:38
The person you're married to.
1078
4058079
2450
67:40
You're at the family reunion with your friend.
1079
4060529
2840
67:43
And as you're meeting new people, of course you're going to ask your friend, oh, how are
1080
4063369
5930
67:49
you related to that person?
1081
4069299
2221
67:51
How are you related to Frank?
1082
4071520
1500
67:53
Oh, he's my second cousin.
1083
4073020
2170
67:55
How are you related to Mary?
1084
4075190
1520
67:56
Oh, she's my aunt.
1085
4076710
2200
67:58
How are you related to Jim?
1086
4078910
1199
68:00
Oh, actually, I'm not related to him.
1087
4080109
2461
68:02
He's married to my aunt.
1088
4082570
2650
68:05
Because you're not related to your aunt's husband, right?
1089
4085220
7920
68:13
Because you're not in the same bloodline, the same DNA, the same genes as your aunt's
1090
4093140
6840
68:19
husband.
1091
4099980
1000
68:20
Yes, the husband is part of your family, but you're not directly related.
1092
4100980
6089
68:27
To.
1093
4107069
1000
68:28
Them.
1094
4108069
1000
68:29
Okay.
1095
4109069
1000
68:30
So there is a difference between someone in your family and then being related to someone.
1096
4110069
7401
68:37
So as you can see there's a big difference between when you relate to something or you
1097
4117470
6090
68:43
relate to someones feelings.
1098
4123560
2500
68:46
And you?
1099
4126060
1000
68:47
Are.
1100
4127060
1000
68:48
Related to someone, so there's that difference in sentence.
1101
4128060
4230
68:52
Structure.
1102
4132290
1000
68:53
Because it's to be related with the Ed to be related to.
1103
4133290
6009
68:59
But then there's a huge difference in the meaning as well.
1104
4139299
3971
69:03
When you can relate to someone's feelings, you understand their feelings because you've
1105
4143270
4739
69:08
experienced the same thing and when you're related.
1106
4148009
4960
69:12
To.
1107
4152969
1000
69:13
Someone.
1108
4153969
1000
69:14
They.
1109
4154969
1000
69:15
You share the same DNA, the same blood, the same genes.
1110
4155969
3381
69:19
They're a member of your blood family.
1111
4159350
3190
69:22
So now you know how to use relate to someone's feelings and to be related to someone.
1112
4162540
6840
69:29
So it's your turn to practice.
1113
4169380
1200
69:30
I want you to leave 2 examples in the comments below.
1114
4170580
3050
69:33
An amazing job.
1115
4173630
1609
69:35
Let's keep going with the difference between either and neither.
1116
4175239
2870
69:38
I'm going to make this explanation real easy for you, and by the end of the video you'll
1117
4178109
5991
69:44
feel confident using either and neither in sentences.
1118
4184100
4009
69:48
This is definitely an area I see lots of mistakes with, but not just with non-native English
1119
4188109
5291
69:53
speakers.
1120
4193400
1000
69:54
I say this with my friends, with my colleagues with native English speakers as well.
1121
4194400
5799
70:00
So don't worry too much about this, but I will make it easy for you to remember.
1122
4200199
5461
70:05
Now, before we go any further, I just want you to know that the pronunciation is flexible.
1123
4205660
4680
70:10
So you can say neither, neither, either, either.
1124
4210340
3970
70:14
OK, there's no difference.
1125
4214310
2970
70:17
I might even change them throughout the video.
1126
4217280
3940
70:21
If I do, there's no difference at all.
1127
4221220
2830
70:24
I tend to use either and neither, and that's generally what I hear being used in North
1128
4224050
5879
70:29
America.
1129
4229929
1000
70:30
With that said, let's talk about the difference between either and neither, and let's start
1130
4230929
6060
70:36
with either.
1131
4236989
1000
70:37
In terms of structure, it's going to be either noun or noun.
1132
4237989
9641
70:47
And we use this structure when we're choosing between two options.
1133
4247630
7610
70:55
It's really important that it's only two options.
1134
4255240
3190
70:58
We don't use it with three and we don't use it with four.
1135
4258430
4090
71:02
We use it with two options.
1136
4262520
3110
71:05
Let's take a look at an example.
1137
4265630
2430
71:08
Either Mike or John will help you.
1138
4268060
5690
71:13
So as you can see, we have our structure, either noun or noun, right now in terms of
1139
4273750
9150
71:22
meaning.
1140
4282900
1000
71:23
Both of these situations are possible.
1141
4283900
1870
71:25
It's possible that Mike will help you.
1142
4285770
4290
71:30
It's possible that John will help you.
1143
4290060
3780
71:33
Now it's important to know that it's only one person that.
1144
4293840
3790
71:37
Will help you.
1145
4297630
1080
71:38
In the end, so in the end you will have Mike or John, either Mike or John.
1146
4298710
8890
71:47
Will help you.
1147
4307600
1250
71:48
So let's take a moment and practice now that we know how to form a sentence using either.
1148
4308850
6289
71:55
Or.
1149
4315139
1121
71:56
So pause the video.
1150
4316260
1000
71:57
If you need think of an example.
1151
4317260
2080
71:59
Remember the structure is either noun or noun, and then the rest of your sentence.
1152
4319340
6500
72:05
So think about what your sentence is and then put it in the comments below.
1153
4325840
4600
72:10
Now, before we move on, let's talk about different sentence structures using either.
1154
4330440
5820
72:16
Now, it's definitely possible that the nouns Mike and John in this scenario, the nouns
1155
4336260
7460
72:23
have already been identified.
1156
4343720
1780
72:25
OK, And if that's the case, there are some other sentence structures that you can use.
1157
4345500
7080
72:32
In fact, there are three possibilities.
1158
4352580
3190
72:35
They mean exactly the same thing.
1159
4355770
3199
72:38
So let's say that our nouns have already been identified.
1160
4358969
3791
72:42
So I could say Mike and John are in the office today.
1161
4362760
5310
72:48
So we already set the context that Mike and John are our nouns, right?
1162
4368070
5960
72:54
I don't need to repeat that information.
1163
4374030
3919
72:57
So I could say Mike and John are in the office today.
1164
4377949
4480
73:02
Either one will help you notice here.
1165
4382429
4881
73:07
Either.
1166
4387310
1000
73:08
One okay, of course, either 11 is Mike and one is John.
1167
4388310
6720
73:15
I don't need to repeat those nouns because I said them at the beginning part of my sentence.
1168
4395030
6370
73:21
In this case, I can simply say Either one will help you.
1169
4401400
6550
73:27
Now remember I said there's three different choices of sentence structure.
1170
4407950
4180
73:32
I could also say either one of.
1171
4412130
3350
73:35
Them.
1172
4415480
1000
73:36
Will help you.
1173
4416480
1240
73:37
So notice here I'm just adding of them, of course the them is Mike and John, you got
1174
4417720
7470
73:45
this right.
1175
4425190
1170
73:46
OK.
1176
4426360
1000
73:47
Our third choice is I could say either of them will help you.
1177
4427360
6859
73:54
So what am I doing different here?
1178
4434219
2181
73:56
In this case, I'm simply dropping the one, right?
1179
4436400
3930
74:00
So all three of these choices mean exactly the same thing.
1180
4440330
4710
74:05
You can use them interchangeably.
1181
4445040
2599
74:07
There's no difference at all.
1182
4447639
2151
74:09
Remember, these three choices are used when the nouns have already been identified.
1183
4449790
6690
74:16
So now take a second.
1184
4456480
2110
74:18
Take your example that you already used and change it so you identify the nouns first
1185
4458590
7790
74:26
and then follow this structure.
1186
4466380
2490
74:28
Remember, you have three different choices, so practice using all three and put your practice
1187
4468870
6640
74:35
examples in the comments.
1188
4475510
3060
74:38
Now let's talk about neither.
1189
4478570
1899
74:40
The thing you need to remember is that neither is.
1190
4480469
4551
74:45
Negative.
1191
4485020
1000
74:46
So I think it's really easy to remember that it's negative because neither starts with
1192
4486020
6550
74:52
an N and negative starts with an N So you can just have that association in your brain,
1193
4492570
7169
74:59
right?
1194
4499739
1000
75:00
Neither negative, neither negative NN.
1195
4500739
2831
75:03
So that's an easy way to remember it.
1196
4503570
3140
75:06
So think of it as the exact same as either, but we use it in the negative.
1197
4506710
7170
75:13
So instead of saying that both choices are available and possible like we did with either,
1198
4513880
9210
75:23
we're using neither to deny.
1199
4523090
2520
75:25
Those.
1200
4525610
1100
75:26
Two choices, OK, they're not available now.
1201
4526710
4340
75:31
There's one important change that we need to make, and this change is definitely something
1202
4531050
6100
75:37
that native English speakers forget all what?
1203
4537150
4069
75:41
OK, But that change is we have to say neither noun.
1204
4541219
6801
75:48
Do you know what I'm going to say next?
1205
4548020
1719
75:49
Do you put it in?
1206
4549739
1011
75:50
The comments if you do neither noun.
1207
4550750
4430
75:55
Nor, nor.
1208
4555180
3610
75:58
Now now again, I think this should be easy for you to remember because you just put an
1209
4558790
5970
76:04
N in front of or right?
1210
4564760
3630
76:08
Nor nor N negative, neither negative.
1211
4568390
5460
76:13
So use that brain association.
1212
4573850
1860
76:15
I think it will be really easy for you to remember it that way.
1213
4575710
5009
76:20
Neither nor Okay.
1214
4580719
2841
76:23
So let's take our original example with either and put it in the negative with neither.
1215
4583560
6310
76:29
So pause the video, think about that and put it in the comments.
1216
4589870
4280
76:34
What would our original example be with neither?
1217
4594150
3880
76:38
Hmm.
1218
4598030
1029
76:39
Put it in the comments.
1219
4599059
2191
76:41
Of course, it would be neither Mike nor John.
1220
4601250
5099
76:46
Will help you.
1221
4606349
1330
76:47
I don't know why they won't help you, but they won't because remember, neither is negative.
1222
4607679
6351
76:54
So we're saying those two choices are not available.
1223
4614030
4730
76:58
So you can think of it as you have two choices, right, John and Mike.
1224
4618760
5510
77:04
John won't help you.
1225
4624270
2030
77:06
Mike won't help you.
1226
4626300
2040
77:08
Neither Mike nor Dawn will help you.
1227
4628340
2960
77:11
Now, the same three different sentence structures that we saw with either are exactly the same
1228
4631300
7480
77:18
for neither.
1229
4638780
1129
77:19
So in that case.
1230
4639909
1651
77:21
It's really easy.
1231
4641560
1000
77:22
We just.
1232
4642560
1000
77:23
Change either to neither, but remember it's negative.
1233
4643560
4360
77:27
Neither negative.
1234
4647920
1569
77:29
So pause the video.
1235
4649489
1980
77:31
Think about what our original examples were with either and put them in the comments.
1236
4651469
5741
77:37
With neither.
1237
4657210
1560
77:38
Did you get them in the comments?
1238
4658770
2670
77:41
Hopefully you did.
1239
4661440
1230
77:42
So remember, we need to put the context and identify our nouns.
1240
4662670
4610
77:47
So I could still say Mike and John are in the office.
1241
4667280
4590
77:51
They can still be in the office, but they're just not willing to help you.
1242
4671870
5210
77:57
OK, so Mike and John are in the office.
1243
4677080
4099
78:01
Neither one will help you, right?
1244
4681179
3511
78:04
Neither one will help you.
1245
4684690
1380
78:06
What are the two other choices?
1246
4686070
2009
78:08
Put them in the comments.
1247
4688079
2781
78:10
Neither one of them will help you.
1248
4690860
4150
78:15
Or our third choice, neither of them will help you.
1249
4695010
6110
78:21
Not very nice.
1250
4701120
1000
78:22
Mike and John, are they.
1251
4702120
1079
78:23
OK, so by now you feel really comfortable with either and neither, right?
1252
4703199
7601
78:30
But let me give you one more scenario before you go, because it's an important one.
1253
4710800
5040
78:35
And this is an area that I see native English speakers make mistakes with.
1254
4715840
5290
78:41
OK.
1255
4721130
1000
78:42
So let's imagine you're talking to your friend and they just randomly say I don't speak French,
1256
4722130
7400
78:49
I don't speak French, OK, I.
1257
4729530
3070
78:52
Don't.
1258
4732600
1000
78:53
Negative.
1259
4733600
1000
78:54
I don't speak French.
1260
4734600
1789
78:56
Now, how can we answer this using neither?
1261
4736389
6481
79:02
Hmm.
1262
4742870
1000
79:03
I don't speak French.
1263
4743870
2840
79:06
What would I say as my answer?
1264
4746710
3880
79:10
Neither do.
1265
4750590
1270
79:11
I.
1266
4751860
1260
79:13
Neither do I, because it's negative.
1267
4753120
2430
79:15
I don't speak French, so I'm matching my answer with neither, because neither is negative.
1268
4755550
7410
79:22
OK, neither do I.
1269
4762960
2670
79:25
Now there's a casual, a more casual, informal way that native English speakers answer that,
1270
4765630
5980
79:31
and we simply say me neither, me neither.
1271
4771610
4319
79:35
That's a little more of a casual way, but I say it all the time.
1272
4775929
5071
79:41
Neither do I is, you know, the formal way.
1273
4781000
2550
79:43
Me neither.
1274
4783550
1000
79:44
I don't speak French.
1275
4784550
1420
79:45
Me neither.
1276
4785970
1000
79:46
I don't speak French.
1277
4786970
1479
79:48
Neither do I.
1278
4788449
1000
79:49
Now, I don't want to confuse you, but it is possible to answer this with either.
1279
4789449
6221
79:55
But it's not that common.
1280
4795670
2890
79:58
OK, but I just want you to know that it's possible.
1281
4798560
3230
80:01
I don't speak French.
1282
4801790
2970
80:04
How can I answer this with either?
1283
4804760
2870
80:07
Do you know?
1284
4807630
1000
80:08
If you do, put it in the comments.
1285
4808630
1890
80:10
Bonus points if you know this one, put it in the comments.
1286
4810520
4449
80:14
If I wanted to answer with either to a negative, I would have to make.
1287
4814969
5931
80:20
Either.
1288
4820900
1000
80:21
Negative, OK.
1289
4821900
1759
80:23
I would have to say I don't speak French.
1290
4823659
3611
80:27
I don't either.
1291
4827270
2560
80:29
I don't either.
1292
4829830
1150
80:30
I don't speak French.
1293
4830980
1929
80:32
I don't either.
1294
4832909
1231
80:34
In this case, there's only one possible answer, so that's definitely a possibility.
1295
4834140
5260
80:39
It's just not as common as saying me neither, neither do I.
1296
4839400
5009
80:44
But remember negative statement.
1297
4844409
3330
80:47
You use neither to agree with that negative statement.
1298
4847739
4781
80:52
I don't like coffee.
1299
4852520
2139
80:54
Neither do I.
1300
4854659
1261
80:55
Now before you go, just one more bonus thing.
1301
4855920
2969
80:58
OK, now imagine it was a positive statement, OK?
1302
4858889
4040
81:02
And my friend said I speak French.
1303
4862929
2431
81:05
My answer would be me too.
1304
4865360
3120
81:08
Me.
1305
4868480
1000
81:09
Too.
1306
4869480
1000
81:10
So.
1307
4870480
1000
81:11
Do I so?
1308
4871480
1000
81:12
Do I?
1309
4872480
1110
81:13
So if it's a positive.
1310
4873590
2109
81:15
Statement and you're agreeing positively.
1311
4875699
2061
81:17
We don't use either, and we don't use neither.
1312
4877760
4890
81:22
OK, so those don't exist in this situation.
1313
4882650
3500
81:26
They're not choices.
1314
4886150
1319
81:27
You're doing awesome.
1315
4887469
1480
81:28
Feel free to hit pause and take a break.
1316
4888949
3270
81:32
And when you're ready, let's move on to the difference between anyway anyways, anyhow,
1317
4892219
6690
81:38
and any who.
1318
4898909
1520
81:40
And at the end of this lesson, there will be a quiz and you can download the free PDF
1319
4900429
7560
81:47
summary.
1320
4907989
1000
81:48
Let's go first.
1321
4908989
1000
81:49
Let's talk about anyway and anyways.
1322
4909989
2201
81:52
What's the difference between these two?
1323
4912190
2770
81:54
Well, it's very simple.
1324
4914960
2620
81:57
One of these words is grammatically correct and the other is slang.
1325
4917580
4849
82:02
Do you know which one is slang?
1326
4922429
3311
82:05
Well, anyways, with an S is slang.
1327
4925740
4720
82:10
It doesn't exist in English.
1328
4930460
2529
82:12
As a word.
1329
4932989
1481
82:14
This may surprise you because native speakers use anyways.
1330
4934470
5810
82:20
All.
1331
4940280
1000
82:21
The time.
1332
4941280
1000
82:22
In fact, I would say that anyways with an S is just as common as anyway, even though
1333
4942280
10459
82:32
technically anyways.
1334
4952739
1710
82:34
With an S is not a word in English, it's slang.
1335
4954449
4011
82:38
Regardless, you will hear anyways in formal situations like Ted talks or formal presentations,
1336
4958460
10150
82:48
even from politicians and doctors you will hear anyways being used all the time.
1337
4968610
10110
82:58
But remember, any way without the's anyway is the grammatically correct choice in any
1338
4978720
9880
83:08
situation.
1339
4988600
1080
83:09
Now let's talk about how to use any way.
1340
4989680
3979
83:13
And anyhow, they have the exact same meaning.
1341
4993659
6321
83:19
They're interchangeable, which means you can use any way or you can use anyhow, it doesn't
1342
4999980
6110
83:26
matter.
1343
5006090
1379
83:27
They're both adverbs and they have three common meanings.
1344
5007469
4440
83:31
So let's review each meaning and we'll look at example sentences.
1345
5011909
5770
83:37
The first meaning we use anyway and anyhow to mean in any case without regard to other
1346
5017679
9810
83:47
considerations.
1347
5027489
2000
83:49
For example, let's say you're planning a family dinner at a new restaurant.
1348
5029489
6461
83:55
You want to try, but you're not sure if this restaurant takes reservations.
1349
5035950
7120
84:03
You might say to your family member.
1350
5043070
3030
84:06
I'm not sure if the restaurant takes reservations.
1351
5046100
4290
84:10
Anyway, I'll call tonight.
1352
5050390
4870
84:15
So this means without regard to other considerations in any case.
1353
5055260
6090
84:21
So it doesn't matter if the restaurant takes reservations or doesn't take reservations,
1354
5061350
6990
84:28
you're going to call.
1355
5068340
1819
84:30
Remember, you can use anyhow and they have the exact same meaning.
1356
5070159
6741
84:36
So I could say I'm not sure if the restaurant takes reservations, I'll call tonight.
1357
5076900
7600
84:44
Anyhow, notice I changed the placement of the adverb.
1358
5084500
6230
84:50
The placement can come at the beginning of the sentence or at the end of the sentence.
1359
5090730
7030
84:57
There's no difference between these two anyway.
1360
5097760
3390
85:01
And anyhow are also used when you provide a more important reason or consideration.
1361
5101150
8040
85:09
Let's say you find out about a work conference, but you decide you're not going to go.
1362
5109190
8340
85:17
You could say the conference.
1363
5117530
3000
85:20
Is out of.
1364
5120530
1510
85:22
Town.
1365
5122040
1000
85:23
That's one reason you're not going to go.
1366
5123040
2740
85:25
It's out of town, which means it's not in your city, or your location is in a different
1367
5125780
6190
85:31
city or different location.
1368
5131970
1830
85:33
So that's one reason.
1369
5133800
2160
85:35
But you want to provide a more important reason why you're not going to the conference.
1370
5135960
6440
85:42
You could say the conference is out of town and I have another meeting that day anyway,
1371
5142400
7870
85:50
so the fact that you have another meeting is more important than the fact that the conference
1372
5150270
8010
85:58
is out of town.
1373
5158280
1210
85:59
And we use the adverb anyway to show that With this meaning, the placement of the adverb
1374
5159490
7580
86:07
is also flexible and it can come at the beginning of the sentence or the end of the sentence.
1375
5167070
6589
86:13
So I could also say the conference is out of town and anyhow I have another meeting
1376
5173659
6991
86:20
that day.
1377
5180650
1370
86:22
Notice it came at the beginning of the sentence, but I put the adverb and to act as a transition
1378
5182020
9780
86:31
word and anyhow so you will commonly see anyhow or any way with a small adverb like and but
1379
5191800
10750
86:42
so in front of it.
1380
5202550
2439
86:44
That doesn't change the meaning in any way.
1381
5204989
3291
86:48
In any way.
1382
5208280
2100
86:50
And and you can.
1383
5210380
1000
86:51
Just.
1384
5211380
1000
86:52
Get.
1385
5212380
1000
86:53
Rid of it and the sentence would be the same.
1386
5213380
1560
86:54
The conference is out of town anyhow.
1387
5214940
3080
86:58
I have another meeting that day.
1388
5218020
3110
87:01
The final way we use anyway and anyhow is as a transition word to transition from one
1389
5221130
8580
87:09
conversation topic to another conversation topic.
1390
5229710
4940
87:14
And this might be the most common way.
1391
5234650
3049
87:17
It's.
1392
5237699
1000
87:18
Used.
1393
5238699
1000
87:19
And this might be the way you're most comfortable using it, and you can use any way, or anyhow,
1394
5239699
6250
87:25
it doesn't matter.
1395
5245949
1671
87:27
And of course you can use.
1396
5247620
1530
87:29
Any.
1397
5249150
1000
87:30
Ways.
1398
5250150
1000
87:31
But remember, that's slang.
1399
5251150
1860
87:33
So let's say you're having a conversation with your friend and you're talking about
1400
5253010
4530
87:37
one subject work you're talking about.
1401
5257540
3360
87:40
Work, work, work.
1402
5260900
1650
87:42
Is really busy at work right now and we need to hire another accountant, but now?
1403
5262550
6950
87:49
You don't want to talk.
1404
5269500
1000
87:50
About work anymore with your friend, you want to change the topic.
1405
5270500
4790
87:55
You can say.
1406
5275290
1190
87:56
Anyway, how was Italy?
1407
5276480
1889
87:58
So your friend just got back from this vacation and you want to now change the topic from
1408
5278369
6391
88:04
work to your friend's vacation.
1409
5284760
2640
88:07
Work's really busy now we need to hire another accountant.
1410
5287400
4089
88:11
Anyhow, how is Italy?
1411
5291489
1661
88:13
Tell me about Italy again.
1412
5293150
2930
88:16
You can use any way or anyhow, but with this meaning to change conversation topics, we
1413
5296080
7200
88:23
most commonly put the adverb at the beginning of the second sentence, so we don't commonly
1414
5303280
8430
88:31
put it at the end of the sentence.
1415
5311710
3179
88:34
And you can still use another transition word like and so, but you're talking about work.
1416
5314889
8290
88:43
We need to hire another accountant.
1417
5323179
2520
88:45
So anyway and anyway.
1418
5325699
2871
88:48
But anyway, how was Italy now?
1419
5328570
3310
88:51
Finally, let's talk about the difference between anyhow and any who, any who is a slang replacement
1420
5331880
8609
89:00
to.
1421
5340489
1250
89:01
Anyhow, you can use it the exact same way you use anyhow.
1422
5341739
5591
89:07
Remember though, it's slang now.
1423
5347330
2520
89:09
Notice the spelling because most commonly when we use this in a text message, for example,
1424
5349850
6769
89:16
it's spelled any who Hoo.
1425
5356619
3270
89:19
That's because we're borrowing from the word how and we're just changing it slightly to
1426
5359889
8791
89:28
who.
1427
5368680
1499
89:30
So you may see it written as any who, but it's more commonly written as any who.
1428
5370179
8201
89:38
In pronunciation, there's no difference at all.
1429
5378380
3390
89:41
Any who.
1430
5381770
1580
89:43
Is.
1431
5383350
1000
89:44
Fun.
1432
5384350
1000
89:45
Light hearted.
1433
5385350
1000
89:46
Casual way.
1434
5386350
1420
89:47
To say anyhow, but keep in mind that it isn't commonly used.
1435
5387770
6250
89:54
Remember I said that?
1436
5394020
1470
89:55
Anyways, even though it's slang, it's used 50% of the time.
1437
5395490
6450
90:01
That's not the same with anywho.
1438
5401940
2640
90:04
Anywho, isn't very common and in fact some native speakers, depending on the region they're
1439
5404580
6280
90:10
from, they might not even know what it is and they may think you just made a mistake
1440
5410860
5580
90:16
and you meant to say anyhow.
1441
5416440
2450
90:18
So because it isn't very commonly used and because it's slang, I don't recommend using
1442
5418890
7550
90:26
it.
1443
5426440
1000
90:27
Now you know how to use anyway anyways.
1444
5427440
2780
90:30
Anyhow, and any who Are you ready for your quiz?
1445
5430220
4979
90:35
Here are your questions.
1446
5435199
1131
90:36
Hit pause.
1447
5436330
1320
90:37
Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play for the answers.
1448
5437650
7790
90:45
Let's see how well you did on that quiz.
1449
5445440
2400
90:47
Here are your answers.
1450
5447840
1629
90:49
So hit pause, Review these answers, compare them to your own, and when you're done, hit
1451
5449469
5741
90:55
play.
1452
5455210
3970
90:59
So how did you do with that quiz?
1453
5459180
2670
91:01
Share your score in the comments below.
1454
5461850
3080
91:04
And remember you can download the PDF that summarizes everything from this lesson so
1455
5464930
6500
91:11
you can practice it and review it.
1456
5471430
2400
91:13
So the link to download the PDF is right there.
1457
5473830
3099
91:16
You can go there and download it anytime.
1458
5476929
2421
91:19
Way to go.
1459
5479350
1599
91:20
Let's move on and talk about as soon as and as long as.
1460
5480949
5771
91:26
Let's start with as soon as.
1461
5486720
2450
91:29
You can think of this as a time reference.
1462
5489170
4410
91:33
OK, we're talking about time and as soon as you can translate that to immediately after.
1463
5493580
7500
91:41
OK, immediately after something happens.
1464
5501080
3630
91:44
For example, call your mother as soon as.
1465
5504710
5790
91:50
You.
1466
5510500
1000
91:51
Get home.
1467
5511500
1000
91:52
OK, so remember we can think of as soon as as immediately.
1468
5512500
5230
91:57
After.
1469
5517730
1000
91:58
So immediately after you get home, call your mother.
1470
5518730
5150
92:03
So imagine you're walking home.
1471
5523880
2040
92:05
You open your door, you enter your house.
1472
5525920
3900
92:09
OK, immediately after.
1473
5529820
2020
92:11
So the first thing you're going to do when you get home is call your mother.
1474
5531840
6820
92:18
Call your mother as soon as you get home.
1475
5538660
5320
92:23
Now it's important to keep in mind that the structure of this is flexible.
1476
5543980
5480
92:29
I can use as soon as to start the sentence and I can say as soon as you get home.
1477
5549460
7150
92:36
As soon as you get home, call your mother.
1478
5556610
3660
92:40
And they mean exactly the same thing.
1479
5560270
3730
92:44
Another example.
1480
5564000
1060
92:45
Send me that.
1481
5565060
1599
92:46
Report as soon as you get the numbers.
1482
5566659
3311
92:49
So immediately after you get the numbers, what are you going to do?
1483
5569970
6420
92:56
You're going to send me the report?
1484
5576390
1769
92:58
Send me the report as soon as you get the numbers.
1485
5578159
5020
93:03
And remember, we can switch the sentence structure as well.
1486
5583179
5141
93:08
So write in the comments below.
1487
5588320
1550
93:09
What would be the alternative way to write this?
1488
5589870
3180
93:13
Starting with as soon as.
1489
5593050
2490
93:15
So pause the video and write that in the comments below to practice.
1490
5595540
4929
93:20
Did you get it?
1491
5600469
2031
93:22
As soon as you get the numbers?
1492
5602500
3050
93:25
As soon as you get the numbers, send me the report.
1493
5605550
4419
93:29
Now let's talk about as long as, as long as and as soon as are very different.
1494
5609969
6481
93:36
The only thing they share is that they both have as and as.
1495
5616450
5610
93:42
OK, but.
1496
5622060
1000
93:43
They're used very.
1497
5623060
1369
93:44
Differently now with as long as we're offering a condition.
1498
5624429
4991
93:49
OK, this will make sense with an example sentence.
1499
5629420
5180
93:54
So let me give you an example.
1500
5634600
2470
93:57
I'll go to the party as long as you give me a.
1501
5637070
4250
94:01
Ride.
1502
5641320
1000
94:02
OK, so there's a condition, right?
1503
5642320
3280
94:05
I will only go to the party if you give me a.
1504
5645600
6170
94:11
Ride.
1505
5651770
1000
94:12
If you don't give me a ride, I won't go to the party.
1506
5652770
3940
94:16
That's the condition.
1507
5656710
1000
94:17
So we use as long As for identifying a condition.
1508
5657710
3390
94:21
I'll go to the party as long as you give me a ride.
1509
5661100
5139
94:26
Now, just like with as soon as.
1510
5666239
3591
94:29
This sentence structure is flexible as well.
1511
5669830
3310
94:33
So think about this.
1512
5673140
1300
94:34
Hit.
1513
5674440
1000
94:35
Pause and change the sentence structure so we begin with as long as OK Put your answer
1514
5675440
7340
94:42
in the comments below.
1515
5682780
2459
94:45
Did you get it?
1516
5685239
1161
94:46
As long as you give me a ride, I'll go to the party.
1517
5686400
4819
94:51
Another example.
1518
5691219
1101
94:52
I'll help you with that report as long as you buy me lunch.
1519
5692320
6540
94:58
So my offer to help you is conditional and I'll only help you if what if you buy me lunch,
1520
5698860
10900
95:09
right?
1521
5709760
1000
95:10
That's the as long as as long as you buy me lunch, I'll help you with that report.
1522
5710760
5430
95:16
As long as you buy me lunch.
1523
5716190
2690
95:18
Now again, think about changing that sentence structure.
1524
5718880
4400
95:23
Hit pause and write the alternative sentence structure in the comments below.
1525
5723280
7080
95:30
Did you get it as?
1526
5730360
1000
95:31
Long as you buy me lunch, I'll help you with that report.
1527
5731360
4529
95:35
To summarize, we have two great conjunctions as soon as which you can think of immediately
1528
5735889
7611
95:43
after something, and we have as long as which is used to offer a condition.
1529
5743500
7050
95:50
All right, now you know how to use as soon as and as long as confidently.
1530
5750550
6210
95:56
Now you practice.
1531
5756760
1000
95:57
Make sure you write one example with as soon as and one example with as long as in the
1532
5757760
6630
96:04
comments below, and then change that to the other sentence structure so you get comfortable.
1533
5764390
5440
96:09
With.
1534
5769830
1000
96:10
Both of them.
1535
5770830
1000
96:11
You're doing amazing.
1536
5771830
1410
96:13
Let's keep going and talk about as well and as well as.
1537
5773240
4990
96:18
First, let's talk about as well as well is used when we add an additional piece of information.
1538
5778230
10080
96:28
You can think of it as the same as two.
1539
5788310
3600
96:31
So let's say your friend says I have to go to the bank.
1540
5791910
5070
96:36
Now you.
1541
5796980
1000
96:37
Have.
1542
5797980
1000
96:38
To go to the bank, So you have to go to the bank.
1543
5798980
3640
96:42
Your friend has to go to the bank.
1544
5802620
2270
96:44
Hmm.
1545
5804890
1000
96:45
So we can use.
1546
5805890
1320
96:47
As well.
1547
5807210
1070
96:48
So again, your friend says I have to go to the bank.
1548
5808280
4399
96:52
You can say I have to go as well as well.
1549
5812679
5151
96:57
So here is like saying two You both have to do the same action.
1550
5817830
5159
97:02
Or let's say it's early in the morning and you go to your favorite cafe for a cup of
1551
5822989
5281
97:08
coffee.
1552
5828270
1000
97:09
So you order and you say I'll have a coffee, but then you notice those muffins look delicious.
1553
5829270
6730
97:16
So then you add and a muffin as well as well, so you can add as well.
1554
5836000
7210
97:23
I'll have a coffee and a muffin as well.
1555
5843210
3500
97:26
So we're adding as well our adverb to the end of a sentence.
1556
5846710
5529
97:32
Notice that sentence structure?
1557
5852239
1381
97:33
The placement is at the end of a sentence and it's used when we're adding an additional
1558
5853620
5599
97:39
point, a point that complements our first point.
1559
5859219
4250
97:43
Now, as well as is used in a different way, the meaning is more advanced, it's more of
1560
5863469
6761
97:50
an advanced grammar topic.
1561
5870230
2110
97:52
The meaning is not only Y but also X.
1562
5872340
6899
97:59
OK, not only but also.
1563
5879239
3480
98:02
For example, I have to go to the bank as well as.
1564
5882719
6091
98:08
The.
1565
5888810
1000
98:09
Store as well as the store.
1566
5889810
2600
98:12
So notice not only Y but also X.
1567
5892410
4789
98:17
Now notice how I'm saying not only Y but also X.
1568
5897199
3501
98:20
It's because we emphasize X.
1569
5900700
5110
98:25
So in this case our X is bank and the Y.
1570
5905810
3840
98:29
Is.
1571
5909650
1140
98:30
Store.
1572
5910790
1130
98:31
Now I'm emphasizing bank.
1573
5911920
3530
98:35
I have to go to the bank as well as the store.
1574
5915450
4890
98:40
Now let's compare that to a simple sentence with as well.
1575
5920340
4609
98:44
I could say I have to go to the store and I have to go to the bank as well.
1576
5924949
8601
98:53
So in this case I'm adding an additional place I need to go.
1577
5933550
4560
98:58
Remember, our placement as well comes at the end of the sentence.
1578
5938110
4480
99:02
Now the important thing to remember is in this case I'm not emphasizing 1 action over
1579
5942590
6690
99:09
the other, they're equal importance.
1580
5949280
3270
99:12
The bank, the store, they're equal.
1581
5952550
2560
99:15
But when I use as well as, the bank is more important.
1582
5955110
5100
99:20
It has more emphasis than the store.
1583
5960210
2400
99:22
I have to go through the bank as well as the store.
1584
5962610
3859
99:26
Now notice the placement with as well as.
1585
5966469
3210
99:29
We use as well as before the 2nd noun.
1586
5969679
5051
99:34
The store is our second noun as well as the store, but with as well.
1587
5974730
6850
99:41
It's simply at the end, the very end of the sentence.
1588
5981580
5220
99:46
One more example showing both side by side.
1589
5986800
2669
99:49
Let's say I was at the mall yesterday and I could tell my friend I bought a sweater
1590
5989469
4811
99:54
and AT shirt as well.
1591
5994280
2570
99:56
Remember as well, I'm just adding an additional item.
1592
5996850
2889
99:59
I bought a sweater and AT shirt as well.
1593
5999739
4210
100:03
Now let's say I want to identify 2 qualities that the sweater has, but I want to emphasize
1594
6003949
6400
100:10
one over the other.
1595
6010349
2031
100:12
I could say the sweater is beautiful as well as comfortable.
1596
6012380
5200
100:17
So two items, Beautiful and comfortable.
1597
6017580
4151
100:21
But I'm emphasizing beautiful.
1598
6021731
1729
100:23
The sweater is beautiful as well as comfortable.
1599
6023460
4159
100:27
So now you can see them side by side and understand how they're used differently.
1600
6027619
4531
100:32
And of course it's your turn to practice.
1601
6032150
2980
100:35
So I want you to do the same thing.
1602
6035130
2480
100:37
Give an example where first you can use as well, and then make a statement where you're
1603
6037610
5891
100:43
identifying 2 characteristics or two items, 2 nouns, and you're emphasizing one, and use
1604
6043501
6968
100:50
as well as.
1605
6050469
1000
100:51
So put your example in the comments below.
1606
6051469
3011
100:54
Amazing job, hit, pause, take a break if you need.
1607
6054480
3350
100:57
And when you're ready, let's talk about as much as as much as can be used in two very
1608
6057830
7780
101:05
different ways, depending on the context, and you're going to learn how to use both
1609
6065610
4640
101:10
of these ways by the end of the video.
1610
6070250
2610
101:12
So here we go with meaning number one, you can use as much as when you have two different
1611
6072860
6400
101:19
things and you.
1612
6079260
1109
101:20
Want to say that those?
1613
6080369
1350
101:21
Two things.
1614
6081719
1000
101:22
Are equal.
1615
6082719
1650
101:24
In amount.
1616
6084369
1000
101:25
Or degree.
1617
6085369
1580
101:26
Let's take a look at an example sentence.
1618
6086949
2551
101:29
I deserve that promotion as much as she does.
1619
6089500
3820
101:33
As you can see in this example, we have two different things and we're talking about amount
1620
6093320
9230
101:42
the amount that I deserve the promotion.
1621
6102550
3290
101:45
And what's the other amount, The amount that she deserves the promotion?
1622
6105840
6300
101:52
Okay.
1623
6112140
1000
101:53
So let's say the amount that she deserves the promotion is this much.
1624
6113140
5760
101:58
Now.
1625
6118900
1420
102:00
If I want to use as much as, remember it's equal.
1626
6120320
5220
102:05
So she deserves the promotion this much.
1627
6125540
2650
102:08
I deserve the promotion this much it's equal.
1628
6128190
4340
102:12
I deserve the promotion as much as she does.
1629
6132530
4050
102:16
Let me give you another example and then I'll get you to try your own example sentence.
1630
6136580
5960
102:22
OK?
1631
6142540
1000
102:23
I could say that Jose participated in the conference as much as Maria did.
1632
6143540
9070
102:32
OK, so here we have amount of participation or the degree to which Maria participated
1633
6152610
9460
102:42
and Jose participated, but you might just want to think of them in terms of amount.
1634
6162070
5280
102:47
So Jose participated in the conference this much.
1635
6167350
4130
102:51
I can't really make it different in sizes this much, and Maria participated in the conference
1636
6171480
6880
102:58
this much.
1637
6178360
2069
103:00
They're equal.
1638
6180429
1000
103:01
Let me give you one more example and I'll make it an easy example that everyone can
1639
6181429
6171
103:07
understand.
1640
6187600
2099
103:09
You ate as much cake as I did.
1641
6189699
4400
103:14
OK, so we have the amount of cake that you ate, the amount of cake that I ate, and they
1642
6194099
9421
103:23
are equal right?
1643
6203520
3110
103:26
Now look at the sentence structure.
1644
6206630
2819
103:29
What do you notice That's a little bit different here?
1645
6209449
4270
103:33
You.
1646
6213719
1291
103:35
Ate as much.
1647
6215010
2770
103:37
Cake.
1648
6217780
1370
103:39
As I did so notice here I've added in the something.
1649
6219150
6160
103:45
So ate is a verb, right?
1650
6225310
3270
103:48
But if I want to specify ATE.
1651
6228580
2250
103:50
What?
1652
6230830
1139
103:51
If I want to add the something.
1653
6231969
2190
103:54
Look at the.
1654
6234159
1591
103:55
Placement here as much something as OK, so that's when you're including a noun, and the
1655
6235750
8380
104:04
purpose of that just would be to specify ate.
1656
6244130
3630
104:07
What?
1657
6247760
1330
104:09
I could leave out Cake, I can leave that something out and I could simply say I ate as much as
1658
6249090
6670
104:15
you did.
1659
6255760
1040
104:16
Now the only difference here is that I'm specifying Cake right, But if Cake is on the table, it's
1660
6256800
6850
104:23
obvious based on context that we're talking about Cake.
1661
6263650
3780
104:27
I don't necessarily need to.
1662
6267430
1729
104:29
Include that.
1663
6269159
1000
104:30
That in the sentence, but I wanted you to be aware of that sentence structure when we
1664
6270159
4301
104:34
include.
1665
6274460
1000
104:35
A.
1666
6275460
1000
104:36
Something so now you know how to use the first meaning of as much as and remember we have.
1667
6276460
7739
104:44
2.
1668
6284199
1000
104:45
Things and they are equal in amount or degree.
1669
6285199
4491
104:49
So now it's your turn to practice.
1670
6289690
3739
104:53
I want you to think of an example using as much as and put your example in the comments.
1671
6293429
7031
105:00
I think you can have a lot of fun thinking of an example for this one.
1672
6300460
4219
105:04
So put your example in the comments.
1673
6304679
2420
105:07
Did you get it in the comments?
1674
6307099
2080
105:09
OK, great.
1675
6309179
1520
105:10
Now let's move on to meaning #2 as much as in our second meaning.
1676
6310699
6111
105:16
You can think of it more in terms of, although regardless of or despite how much, that probably
1677
6316810
9900
105:26
doesn't give you much information, does it?
1678
6326710
3170
105:29
So as always, it's easier to just see this in an example.
1679
6329880
4640
105:34
I could say as much as I want to stay, I have to go notice here as much as is at the very
1680
6334520
11199
105:45
beginning of our sentence.
1681
6345719
2291
105:48
Okay.
1682
6348010
1000
105:49
As much as I want to stay, I have to go now.
1683
6349010
5500
105:54
You can think of this as although, although I want to stay, I have to go now.
1684
6354510
8820
106:03
What does this mean?
1685
6363330
1440
106:04
Basically, we can think of them as two individual sentences.
1686
6364770
4079
106:08
I want to stay.
1687
6368849
2861
106:11
I have to go okay.
1688
6371710
1909
106:13
Those are two individual sentences, and then we're just combining them together using as
1689
6373619
6751
106:20
much as at the very beginning.
1690
6380370
2230
106:22
There's an easy way that this will make sense for you, and that's by using.
1691
6382600
5880
106:28
But you're most likely familiar with.
1692
6388480
2500
106:30
But is one of the first transition words that students learn.
1693
6390980
4250
106:35
So you can think of this as I want to stay, but I have to go.
1694
6395230
6770
106:42
That could be one way that you combine these two sentences into one using the transition
1695
6402000
6020
106:48
word.
1696
6408020
1000
106:49
But okay.
1697
6409020
1199
106:50
And notice there's a contrast here.
1698
6410219
2701
106:52
I want to stay.
1699
6412920
1660
106:54
That's a positive, right?
1700
6414580
1940
106:56
I have to go.
1701
6416520
1880
106:58
That's a negative.
1702
6418400
1400
106:59
So when we use but there's always a positive and a negative.
1703
6419800
4629
107:04
Now we're using as much as in exactly the same way is simply the sentence structure
1704
6424429
6631
107:11
that's changing here.
1705
6431060
1429
107:12
So remember, we're using as much as at the very beginning of the sentence.
1706
6432489
5041
107:17
As much as I want to stay.
1707
6437530
3490
107:21
I have to go.
1708
6441020
2329
107:23
Another example.
1709
6443349
1661
107:25
As much as I'd love to help you, I can't now.
1710
6445010
5040
107:30
This is a very common way that we may decline to do something.
1711
6450050
4990
107:35
Politely.
1712
6455040
1000
107:36
I'm letting you know I want to help you.
1713
6456040
5230
107:41
I can't help you.
1714
6461270
1690
107:42
So we have that contrast, right?
1715
6462960
1690
107:44
A positive.
1716
6464650
1000
107:45
I want to help you, but then we have a negative.
1717
6465650
3160
107:48
I can't help you.
1718
6468810
1960
107:50
So we could combine those sentences with, but I want to help you, but I can't.
1719
6470770
6820
107:57
That might be the more familiar structure to you.
1720
6477590
3259
108:00
So this is just an alternative way to form that.
1721
6480849
3451
108:04
And I'll be honest, it does sound more advanced using this structure.
1722
6484300
5210
108:09
Now remember, as much as at the very beginning, as much as I want to help you, I can't.
1723
6489510
7240
108:16
So when you hear as much as you know that there's going to be a contrast.
1724
6496750
8870
108:25
So when someone says as much as I want to help you, even if they don't say the end part,
1725
6505620
7099
108:32
I know they're not going to help me because that's how we use as much as is with a contrast.
1726
6512719
7440
108:40
So just keep that in mind.
1727
6520159
1000
108:41
It can be a polite way to decline doing something.
1728
6521159
3931
108:45
For example, you could use it as a polite way to decline an invitation to a party.
1729
6525090
6180
108:51
Your friend invites you to a party and you can say, as much as I'd love to go, I can't.
1730
6531270
8030
108:59
So as much as I'd love to, that's the positive, right?
1731
6539300
2939
109:02
I want to go to the party, but then the negative is I can't.
1732
6542239
4721
109:06
I'm busy.
1733
6546960
1009
109:07
I have to work, I have a deadline.
1734
6547969
4411
109:12
I don't have a way to get there.
1735
6552380
2470
109:14
Whatever the reason is, as much as I'd love to go, I can't.
1736
6554850
5389
109:20
So that could be a polite way to decline an invitation.
1737
6560239
4141
109:24
So now you try try using this advanced structure where you need a contrast okay and remember
1738
6564380
6930
109:31
that placement as much as is going to be at the very beginning.
1739
6571310
4190
109:35
So pause the video now if you need, think of your example and then leave it in the comments.
1740
6575500
6889
109:42
This is definitely an advanced structure that's going to make you sound very fluent and very
1741
6582389
5911
109:48
advanced in English.
1742
6588300
1290
109:49
So you need need to practice this and I'm really excited to read your example in the
1743
6589590
4780
109:54
comments.
1744
6594370
1000
109:55
So make sure you take the time to put your example in the comments so you remember how
1745
6595370
5099
110:00
to use this structure.
1746
6600469
2190
110:02
Let's keep going, this is your last section.
1747
6602659
3321
110:05
Let's talk about as adjective, as this is a very common structure and we use this structure
1748
6605980
9159
110:15
when you're comparing two things.
1749
6615139
4301
110:19
So when I say two things, we need 2 nouns and they can be any nouns and we're comparing
1750
6619440
8049
110:27
them using an adjective or an adverb.
1751
6627489
5901
110:33
Now we use as adjective as when the two things that you're comparing are.
1752
6633390
8760
110:42
Equal.
1753
6642150
1200
110:43
Let's take a look at an example now.
1754
6643350
1970
110:45
First of all, we.
1755
6645320
1260
110:46
Need two things.
1756
6646580
2170
110:48
So let's just take a look.
1757
6648750
1429
110:50
At 2 houses.
1758
6650179
2440
110:52
I could say that this House is as.
1759
6652619
3431
110:56
Big as this house.
1760
6656050
2819
110:58
So in this example sentence, what's my adjective?
1761
6658869
7491
111:06
Write the adjective down in the comments.
1762
6666360
2440
111:08
OK, what's the adjective?
1763
6668800
2080
111:10
Big?
1764
6670880
1210
111:12
Of course big is our adjective.
1765
6672090
2680
111:14
Now remember, we use the structure when the two items are comparable.
1766
6674770
4910
111:19
But what if they aren't?
1767
6679680
3350
111:23
Comparable what?
1768
6683030
1350
111:24
About.
1769
6684380
1000
111:25
These.
1770
6685380
1000
111:26
Two houses.
1771
6686380
1000
111:27
Now, in this case, I can simply make my verb negative.
1772
6687380
5529
111:32
So let's take a look at our original sentence.
1773
6692909
3231
111:36
So remember, this was our original sentence when the houses were comparable.
1774
6696140
4810
111:40
Now they're not.
1775
6700950
2189
111:43
So what would I need to change in this sentence to make it negative?
1776
6703139
5411
111:48
Put your answer in the comments.
1777
6708550
3330
111:51
I hope you know this one.
1778
6711880
2109
111:53
I'm.
1779
6713989
1000
111:54
Sure you do.
1780
6714989
1000
111:55
So I would simply need to take my verb and make that negative.
1781
6715989
4181
112:00
And in this case, I'm using the verb to be, so I would say this House isn't as big as
1782
6720170
8640
112:08
that helps.
1783
6728810
1760
112:10
So in positive form, you're using the structure when 2.
1784
6730570
3040
112:13
Things.
1785
6733610
1000
112:14
Are equal, but you can still use this when two things are not equal, but you need to
1786
6734610
6339
112:20
make the verb negative.
1787
6740949
2661
112:23
Let's take a look at another example.
1788
6743610
2900
112:26
So I.
1789
6746510
1000
112:27
Need two things.
1790
6747510
1180
112:28
I'm going to use.
1791
6748690
2340
112:31
2.
1792
6751030
1000
112:32
Cars.
1793
6752030
1000
112:33
I can say this BMW is as fast as this Lexus.
1794
6753030
7200
112:40
So here, what's my adjective?
1795
6760230
1780
112:42
Put it in the comments.
1796
6762010
3310
112:45
What's the adjective?
1797
6765320
1980
112:47
Fast.
1798
6767300
1000
112:48
Now, of course we can use any adjective we want.
1799
6768300
5439
112:53
So let's think of some other examples of adjectives.
1800
6773739
4101
112:57
What other adjective could you use instead of fast?
1801
6777840
3780
113:01
Hmm.
1802
6781620
1000
113:02
What do you think?
1803
6782620
1350
113:03
Anything come to mind?
1804
6783970
1880
113:05
Put an example in the comments.
1805
6785850
2660
113:08
Think of another adjective.
1806
6788510
1500
113:10
You could use.
1807
6790010
1020
113:11
Well, I could talk about money and say that this BMW is as expensive.
1808
6791030
7649
113:18
Expensive is the adjective that deals with money.
1809
6798679
3051
113:21
This BMW is as expensive as this Lexus.
1810
6801730
5880
113:27
Perhaps I could say this BMW is as nice.
1811
6807610
3210
113:30
As this.
1812
6810820
1740
113:32
Lexus So what adjective did you use in the Commons?
1813
6812560
4890
113:37
Now of course, if these two cars are not comparable in terms of speed, then I can simply make
1814
6817450
7970
113:45
our verb negative and I can say this BMW isn't as fast as.
1815
6825420
6400
113:51
This Lexus.
1816
6831820
2779
113:54
And again, I can use any adjective.
1817
6834599
1770
113:56
All right, so now it's your turn to practice.
1818
6836369
4481
114:00
I'm going to give you 2 images, and I want you to form a positive sentence using as adjective.
1819
6840850
9430
114:10
As So here are your two gardens.
1820
6850280
4370
114:14
Gardens.
1821
6854650
1000
114:15
Now what sentence?
1822
6855650
1220
114:16
Could you use?
1823
6856870
1090
114:17
This garden.
1824
6857960
1000
114:18
This garden.
1825
6858960
1000
114:19
So take your time, as much time as you need.
1826
6859960
4510
114:24
Think about an adjective and put it in the comments below.
1827
6864470
4229
114:28
Make sure you do this.
1828
6868699
1000
114:29
You need to practice this.
1829
6869699
3170
114:32
Did you get it in the comments?
1830
6872869
1850
114:34
So of course the first adjective that came to my mind was beautiful.
1831
6874719
4091
114:38
We could also have pretty colorful, lush, well maintained, and maybe some other adjectives.
1832
6878810
8250
114:47
So I'm.
1833
6887060
1000
114:48
Looking forward to seeing what.
1834
6888060
2040
114:50
You had in the comments.
1835
6890100
2499
114:52
Now as a final exercise, I want you to take your example and make it negative.
1836
6892599
7031
114:59
OK, that should be pretty easy for you.
1837
6899630
2690
115:02
By now.
1838
6902320
1259
115:03
So using beautiful, I would simply say this garden isn't as beautiful as that garden.
1839
6903579
8431
115:12
Now I wanted to make this video because in a previous lesson I covered as much as and
1840
6912010
8500
115:20
in the comments I noticed that there were some questions or that there was some confusion
1841
6920510
5709
115:26
and students were using as much as when they should have been using as adjective.
1842
6926219
6781
115:33
As.
1843
6933000
1000
115:34
For example, let's take out this comment from my awesome student Buddha.
1844
6934000
4860
115:38
Now Buddha wrote this example but had a couple question marks at the end.
1845
6938860
6239
115:45
So Buddha wasn't sure, and it's good that you guessed or that you weren't sure because
1846
6945099
5890
115:50
there is something a little bit off about this.
1847
6950989
3101
115:54
Comment.
1848
6954090
1000
115:55
So Buddha said you are beautiful as much as me.
1849
6955090
5160
116:00
Hmm.
1850
6960250
1120
116:01
Now here we definitely need the as adjective, as we use as much as when we're comparing
1851
6961370
9769
116:11
2 amounts.
1852
6971139
2071
116:13
But in that case, with as much as there isn't an adjective involved, you're simply dealing
1853
6973210
6880
116:20
with the verb.
1854
6980090
1070
116:21
OK, so you can review that video on as much as but here in Buddha's comment.
1855
6981160
5660
116:26
How?
1856
6986820
1000
116:27
Can we take this comment and change it so it's grammatically correct, using as adjective
1857
6987820
6549
116:34
as so take as much time as you need and then put your answer in the comments.
1858
6994369
7201
116:41
So were you able to correct Buddha's comments here?
1859
7001570
3460
116:45
The.
1860
7005030
1000
116:46
Correct comment would be you're as beautiful as me, you're as beautiful.
1861
7006030
7370
116:53
As.
1862
7013400
1000
116:54
Me because we need to use our as adjective as structure in this case.
1863
7014400
5990
117:00
First, let's talk about the difference between during and and while.
1864
7020390
5470
117:05
Ultimately, they have the same meaning, but their sentence structure is different, so
1865
7025860
6170
117:12
that's the important thing to keep in mind.
1866
7032030
2120
117:14
So let's begin with during.
1867
7034150
1830
117:15
We use during to talk about something that happens over a period of time.
1868
7035980
5550
117:21
So there's this event taking place over a period of time, and then something happens.
1869
7041530
5600
117:27
It happens at one point during that time.
1870
7047130
3239
117:30
It can also even last for a longer period, as during that period of time.
1871
7050369
8181
117:38
So for example, I could say my phone rang during the movie.
1872
7058550
7169
117:45
So of course a movie has a start and it ends about two hours, right?
1873
7065719
4541
117:50
So the movie's going on and on and on, and then at some point from the start of the movie
1874
7070260
5459
117:55
to the end of the movie, my phone rang.
1875
7075719
2681
117:58
It could have been at the beginning, the middle, the end.
1876
7078400
3319
118:01
We really don't know.
1877
7081719
2201
118:03
But I want you to notice the sentence structure.
1878
7083920
2800
118:06
My phone rang during the movie.
1879
7086720
2919
118:09
So what?
1880
7089639
1100
118:10
Is the.
1881
7090739
1090
118:11
Movie in terms of parts of speech.
1882
7091829
2171
118:14
Is it a verb?
1883
7094000
1000
118:15
An adjective?
1884
7095000
1000
118:16
A noun?
1885
7096000
1000
118:17
An adverb?
1886
7097000
1000
118:18
What is it?
1887
7098000
1139
118:19
It's a noun.
1888
7099139
1000
118:20
A noun.
1889
7100139
1000
118:21
And that's the important thing to keep in mind.
1890
7101139
1611
118:22
We use during plus noun, during plus noun.
1891
7102750
4690
118:27
So remember that because that's important.
1892
7107440
2029
118:29
When we talk about while while it used to talk about something that happens at the same
1893
7109469
6690
118:36
time as something else.
1894
7116159
2841
118:39
So just like during, we have one action that's taking place with a start and an end, and
1895
7119000
6550
118:45
then while another action will happen at some point as well.
1896
7125550
5730
118:51
Now, it can happen for a period of time, it can be shorter or longer, but it has to happen
1897
7131280
6280
118:57
between the start and the end of another action.
1898
7137560
4620
119:02
So if you're thinking, well, that sounds exactly the same as during, because with during we
1899
7142180
5690
119:07
had a start and an end, and then an action happens.
1900
7147870
3180
119:11
You're right, the meaning is basically the same, OK?
1901
7151050
4919
119:15
But it's the sentence structure that's different.
1902
7155969
2331
119:18
So listen to this example.
1903
7158300
3040
119:21
My phone rang while I was watching the movie.
1904
7161340
6049
119:27
My phone rang while I was watching the movie.
1905
7167389
3751
119:31
Comparing that to during, my phone rang during the movie.
1906
7171140
4640
119:35
So we already know that during we need a noun, with while we use a clause, so we need a subject,
1907
7175780
6569
119:42
a verb, and then an object.
1908
7182349
1390
119:43
So you can think of it as a sentence.
1909
7183739
2900
119:46
My phone rang while subject I then verb was watching the object the movie while I was
1910
7186639
8250
119:54
watching the movie.
1911
7194889
1350
119:56
I can't say while.
1912
7196239
2031
119:58
The.
1913
7198270
1000
119:59
Movie I can't.
1914
7199270
1000
120:00
Say that.
1915
7200270
1000
120:01
And I can't say during I was watching the movie, I cannot say that either.
1916
7201270
5040
120:06
So basically it's the same meaning, it's just different sentence structures.
1917
7206310
4360
120:10
That will tell.
1918
7210670
1000
120:11
You which one you want to use?
1919
7211670
2489
120:14
If you're using a noun, it's during.
1920
7214159
2511
120:16
If you're using a clause or a sentence, then it's wild.
1921
7216670
4250
120:20
So now it's your turn to practice.
1922
7220920
2310
120:23
I want you to leave 2 examples in the comments below, one with during and one with wild.
1923
7223230
6210
120:29
Are you ready for your quiz?
1924
7229440
1400
120:30
Hit, pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the
1925
7230840
5540
120:36
answers, let's continue on and talk about the difference between the present simple
1926
7236380
12630
120:49
and the present continuous.
1927
7249010
1120
120:50
This is a mistake that I see students making quite a lot, and this is a mistake that I
1928
7250130
5940
120:56
see my advanced students make.
1929
7256070
3320
120:59
Now you need to keep in mind that when you use a different verb tense, the meaning changes.
1930
7259390
7180
121:06
So when I hear I live in Paris and the present simple that is different from I'm living in
1931
7266570
9570
121:16
Paris, the meaning is different and I'm going to interpret them differently simply because
1932
7276140
7329
121:23
of the verb tense you use.
1933
7283469
2261
121:25
Now our present simple, I live in Paris.
1934
7285730
3710
121:29
Of course, to form the present simple we just take our base verb, which is the infinitive
1935
7289440
5570
121:35
without two.
1936
7295010
1010
121:36
Remember, we need to conjugate this with our subject, so if it was she, it would be she
1937
7296020
5190
121:41
lives in Paris.
1938
7301210
2520
121:43
OK, now we use the present simple for routines like I'm sure you know, but we also use the
1939
7303730
6900
121:50
present simple when we're talking about permanent situations.
1940
7310630
4410
121:55
Or you can think of them as simply facts.
1941
7315040
3240
121:58
So when I hear someone say I live in Paris, I see this as a permanent situation.
1942
7318280
7780
122:06
I live in Paris, I live in Paris today and I'm going to be living in Paris.
1943
7326060
6030
122:12
For the future.
1944
7332090
1680
122:13
As well, it's a permanent situation.
1945
7333770
3360
122:17
Now let's take a look at our next sentence.
1946
7337130
2360
122:19
I'm living in Paris.
1947
7339490
2540
122:22
So this.
1948
7342030
1000
122:23
Is in the present continuous.
1949
7343030
1560
122:24
Now of course we form the present continuous with the verb to be conjugated with our subject.
1950
7344590
6310
122:30
So I'm living, she is She's living, conjugated with our subject, and then we need our verb
1951
7350900
8069
122:38
in ING form.
1952
7358969
1811
122:40
She's living.
1953
7360780
1660
122:42
I'm living now.
1954
7362440
2420
122:44
We use the present continuous for situations taking place right now, right?
1955
7364860
5859
122:50
But we also use the present continuous for temporary situations.
1956
7370719
6891
122:57
So when I hear I'm living in Paris.
1957
7377610
2890
123:00
I think.
1958
7380500
1260
123:01
Of this as a temporary situation.
1959
7381760
3790
123:05
So I think you're living in Paris right now, but you don't expect to be living in Paris
1960
7385550
7149
123:12
in the future.
1961
7392699
1781
123:14
When in the future, Well, that isn't clear.
1962
7394480
4080
123:18
But when I hear it, I think of it as a temporary situation.
1963
7398560
5700
123:24
And this is a big difference if you live in Paris permanently or you live in Paris temporarily,
1964
7404260
7350
123:31
right?
1965
7411610
1000
123:32
Because you can imagine if you go to a job interview and then you say to the interviewer,
1966
7412610
7820
123:40
I'm living in Paris, well, they might not think that you're going to be in the city
1967
7420430
6419
123:46
for very long.
1968
7426849
1480
123:48
So they might not consider you as an applicant because they want somebody who's going to
1969
7428329
5000
123:53
be in the position for a long time, but you are only going to be in the city temporarily,
1970
7433329
6721
124:00
right?
1971
7440050
1000
124:01
So that could have a really big impact.
1972
7441050
2250
124:03
Or same thing if you're on a date and you're talking to a potential romantic partner but
1973
7443300
8300
124:11
you say I'm living in Paris.
1974
7451600
2200
124:13
Well, they might think, well, it's not worthwhile to pursue this relationship because she's
1975
7453800
5549
124:19
going to be moving in the future.
1976
7459349
3241
124:22
So there's a big difference in meaning between these two sentences.
1977
7462590
4779
124:27
So keep in mind we use the present simple for a permanent situation and the present
1978
7467369
6620
124:33
continuous for a temporary situation.
1979
7473989
4011
124:38
So now it's your turn to practice.
1980
7478000
2290
124:40
I want you to put in the comments one sentence in the present simple.
1981
7480290
4710
124:45
That's a permanent situation, and one sentence in the present continuous.
1982
7485000
5550
124:50
That's a temporary situation.
1983
7490550
2020
124:52
Are you ready for your quiz?
1984
7492570
1560
124:54
Hit, pause.
1985
7494130
1170
124:55
Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
1986
7495300
11930
125:07
Let's move on and talk about the difference between was and were.
1987
7507230
4380
125:11
Now, of course, both was and were are the past forms of the verb.
1988
7511610
6500
125:18
To.
1989
7518110
1000
125:19
Be and we use was and were in different grammatical structures.
1990
7519110
4950
125:24
In English.
1991
7524060
1260
125:25
The most common time you'll see was or were is in the past simple.
1992
7525320
5899
125:31
So let's just take a present statement.
1993
7531219
3681
125:34
Let's use to be late.
1994
7534900
2529
125:37
So here we have the verb to be to be late.
1995
7537429
4201
125:41
Now if I want to make a sentence in the past, for example yesterday, yesterday, I now I
1996
7541630
9150
125:50
take my verb to be and I need to conjugate this in the past.
1997
7550780
5770
125:56
There are two different choices, Was or were.
1998
7556550
4100
126:00
Your choice depends on the subject.
1999
7560650
3710
126:04
So in order to know which one you need was or were you simply look at your subject.
2000
7564360
6900
126:11
Yesterday I the subject is I yesterday I was late, yesterday I was.
2001
7571260
11850
126:23
Late.
2002
7583110
1000
126:24
Yesterday you you.
2003
7584110
1480
126:25
Were.
2004
7585590
1000
126:26
Yesterday.
2005
7586590
1000
126:27
You.
2006
7587590
1000
126:28
Were late.
2007
7588590
1220
126:29
Yesterday she was late.
2008
7589810
4740
126:34
Yesterday he was late it was.
2009
7594550
4240
126:38
Late.
2010
7598790
1020
126:39
So notice ** *** it.
2011
7599810
1119
126:40
Those are our three options for the third person singular subject.
2012
7600929
6161
126:47
The third person singular is conjugated with was yesterday we we were late and yesterday
2013
7607090
11160
126:58
they they were late.
2014
7618250
3620
127:01
So you can see that this subject's I and third person singular use was this subject, you,
2015
7621870
10209
127:12
we and they.
2016
7632079
2151
127:14
Use were.
2017
7634230
1820
127:16
That's what you need to remember.
2018
7636050
1930
127:17
So pause the video now.
2019
7637980
1600
127:19
Take as much time as you need to memorize this.
2020
7639580
3400
127:22
You simply need to memorize this.
2021
7642980
3980
127:26
Now the same.
2022
7646960
1400
127:28
Rule.
2023
7648360
1000
127:29
Applies when we use the verb to be in the past in different grammatical structures.
2024
7649360
6690
127:36
So this example was using the past simple.
2025
7656050
4280
127:40
Now we also use.
2026
7660330
2030
127:42
The.
2027
7662360
1000
127:43
Verb to be in the past with the past continuous.
2028
7663360
4750
127:48
The past continuous is formed with subject was or were.
2029
7668110
5940
127:54
Your choice depends on your subject right And then your verb in ING form.
2030
7674050
6879
128:00
I could say yesterday I was running late.
2031
7680929
5790
128:06
We we were, we were running late.
2032
7686719
5431
128:12
He he was running late.
2033
7692150
3969
128:16
They they were running late.
2034
7696119
3210
128:19
So it's the same rules that we just covered.
2035
7699329
3241
128:22
That doesn't change even though.
2036
7702570
1710
128:24
We're.
2037
7704280
1000
128:25
Using a different grammatical structure, this time it's the past continuous.
2038
7705280
5339
128:30
Now we also use the verb to be in the past, so was or were depending on the subject in
2039
7710619
7961
128:38
the passive voice.
2040
7718580
2519
128:41
So let's take an active sentence and I could say the present surprised mean, The present
2041
7721099
7921
128:49
surprised mean.
2042
7729020
2140
128:51
Now I can take this active voice and I can turn it into the passive.
2043
7731160
5480
128:56
And I would say what?
2044
7736640
1780
128:58
Well, you guys tell me.
2045
7738420
2630
129:01
I'm going to give you a second, and I want you to write it in the comments.
2046
7741050
4410
129:05
What's the passive form of this active sentence?
2047
7745460
4350
129:09
Hmm.
2048
7749810
1000
129:10
Write it in the comments.
2049
7750810
4420
129:15
So did you get it?
2050
7755230
3989
129:19
I was surprised.
2051
7759219
1621
129:20
I was surprised by the present.
2052
7760840
4660
129:25
I was surprised by this present.
2053
7765500
3349
129:28
But now let's say the active form used a different pronoun and it was The present surprised us.
2054
7768849
7651
129:36
OK, what would that be?
2055
7776500
1700
129:38
Now the present surprised us.
2056
7778200
2310
129:40
What would that be in the passive form?
2057
7780510
2720
129:43
So you guys tell me, Write it down in the comments.
2058
7783230
3810
129:47
The present surprised us.
2059
7787040
1809
129:48
What would that be in the passive voice?
2060
7788849
3361
129:52
That would be we.
2061
7792210
1770
129:53
We is now the subject.
2062
7793980
3200
129:57
So I need to think, do I need was or were?
2063
7797180
3200
130:00
Well, remember it depends on the subject we we use were we were surprised by the present.
2064
7800380
11000
130:11
To summarize, the choice between was or were depends on the subject we use was.
2065
7811380
6660
130:18
With.
2066
7818040
1000
130:19
The subjects I, or third person singular, ** *** it, we use were with subjects you,
2067
7819040
9849
130:28
we, and they, and was and where are used in the past form of the verb to be.
2068
7828889
6381
130:35
This is most commonly found in the past simple, past continuous and passive voice.
2069
7835270
6969
130:42
And now you know how to use was or were so you won't be confused.
2070
7842239
6230
130:48
Are you ready for your quiz?
2071
7848469
1400
130:49
Hit, pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the
2072
7849869
9141
130:59
answers.
2073
7859010
4020
131:03
Let's move on and talk about the difference between you and me or you and I.
2074
7863030
5379
131:08
Now, the easiest, the absolute easiest way to know which one you need to use is always
2075
7868409
7750
131:16
drop the you or drop the other person involved and just ask yourself in this sentence, do
2076
7876159
10270
131:26
I need me or I?
2077
7886429
3201
131:29
Because when you answer that question in every scenario, all you need to do is then add in
2078
7889630
7670
131:37
the you and it will be correct.
2079
7897300
3280
131:40
So let's take an example of this and I'll show you what I mean.
2080
7900580
4099
131:44
For example, give that to.
2081
7904679
4571
131:49
Give that to I.
2082
7909250
1760
131:51
Give that to me.
2083
7911010
2149
131:53
What do you guys think I or me?
2084
7913159
2651
131:55
Put it in the comments below.
2085
7915810
1590
131:57
Give that to I.
2086
7917400
1210
131:58
Give that to me.
2087
7918610
2050
132:00
Hmm.
2088
7920660
1380
132:02
It would be, of course, me.
2089
7922040
3080
132:05
Give that to me.
2090
7925120
1829
132:06
So now all you need to add is another person.
2091
7926949
3141
132:10
You could say give that to my brother and me, for example.
2092
7930090
4000
132:14
Give that to my brother and me.
2093
7934090
1750
132:15
So it doesn't matter who you add after.
2094
7935840
3259
132:19
Let's try another example.
2095
7939099
2441
132:21
Let's say you're walking down the street and you see this beautiful garden and you ask
2096
7941540
4949
132:26
a stranger.
2097
7946489
1000
132:27
You say, can you take a picture of can you take a picture of I or of me?
2098
7947489
9170
132:36
Can you take a picture of I?
2099
7956659
1451
132:38
Can you take a picture of me?
2100
7958110
2509
132:40
Which one do you think?
2101
7960619
1000
132:41
Put it in the comments below.
2102
7961619
2560
132:44
Can you take a picture of me?
2103
7964179
2790
132:46
So now you just add, Can you take a picture of my friend and me?
2104
7966969
4421
132:51
My friend and me, my friends and me?
2105
7971390
3930
132:55
It doesn't really matter what you put in.
2106
7975320
2919
132:58
So let's try another example.
2107
7978239
3161
133:01
Went to the party, Went to the party.
2108
7981400
4750
133:06
So is this me went to the party or I went to the party?
2109
7986150
5529
133:11
What do you think?
2110
7991679
1000
133:12
Put it in the comments.
2111
7992679
1801
133:14
Of course it's I went to the party, so all we need to do is add in, my friends and I.
2112
7994480
7050
133:21
You and I went to the party.
2113
8001530
3810
133:25
Doesn't matter what you put before I.
2114
8005340
3000
133:28
So one more example.
2115
8008340
2370
133:30
Ran a marathon.
2116
8010710
3920
133:34
I ran a marathon.
2117
8014630
1680
133:36
Me ran a marathon.
2118
8016310
2240
133:38
What do you think?
2119
8018550
1000
133:39
Put it in the comments.
2120
8019550
2029
133:41
I ran a marathon, so now I know it's I, so I can just add you and I ran a marathon.
2121
8021579
6681
133:48
My friends and I, my husband and I, my boss and I.
2122
8028260
5050
133:53
Doesn't matter what you put in my sister and I, it doesn't matter.
2123
8033310
5039
133:58
So that's the easiest way for you to know if you need you and me or you and I just drop
2124
8038349
6911
134:05
the you or drop the.
2125
8045260
1229
134:06
My friends drop the whoever it is my Co workers and just ask yourself do I need me or I in
2126
8046489
8511
134:15
this sentence now if you're not sure.
2127
8055000
3810
134:18
If you need me.
2128
8058810
1119
134:19
Or I you just have to remember this one thing I is always.
2129
8059929
5951
134:25
The.
2130
8065880
1160
134:27
Subject of a sentence.
2131
8067040
1860
134:28
The.
2132
8068900
1069
134:29
Subject of a sentence.
2133
8069969
1671
134:31
OK, and what's me Me is.
2134
8071640
3669
134:35
The.
2135
8075309
1071
134:36
Object of a sentence, so just.
2136
8076380
3469
134:39
To.
2137
8079849
1000
134:40
Quickly study this topic.
2138
8080849
1921
134:42
Let's go back to our example of Can you take a picture of me?
2139
8082770
5500
134:48
Can you take a picture of my friends and me?
2140
8088270
2650
134:50
Hmm.
2141
8090920
1000
134:51
OK, so who's the subject in this sentence?
2142
8091920
3970
134:55
Can you?
2143
8095890
1769
134:57
So you are the subject in this sentence.
2144
8097659
3031
135:00
You.
2145
8100690
1000
135:01
Are.
2146
8101690
1000
135:02
Doing the action I am receiving the action I'm the object.
2147
8102690
5880
135:08
In.
2148
8108570
1009
135:09
This sentence Can you take a picture of me?
2149
8109579
4881
135:14
So I'm not doing the action right.
2150
8114460
2380
135:16
So the subject is the one doing the action, the object is the one receiving the action.
2151
8116840
7410
135:24
So that's just a quick overview, but that is how the easiest way to tell if you need
2152
8124250
5559
135:29
you and me for you and I, Are you ready for your quiz?
2153
8129809
3850
135:33
Hit pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the
2154
8133659
5551
135:39
answers.
2155
8139210
7650
135:46
Let's move on and talk about have in different conjugations and we'll look at have had.
2156
8146860
7340
135:54
Has had.
2157
8154200
1810
135:56
And had had our infinitive form of the verb is.
2158
8156010
4919
136:00
To.
2159
8160929
1000
136:01
Have.
2160
8161929
1000
136:02
Of course, we can use the infinitive in certain sentence structures.
2161
8162929
3831
136:06
For example, I'd like.
2162
8166760
2160
136:08
To.
2163
8168920
1000
136:09
Have more time.
2164
8169920
1870
136:11
So here is the infinitive being used.
2165
8171790
3380
136:15
Now we can also use the base verb.
2166
8175170
3130
136:18
The base verb is have, so we simply drop the two from the infinitive to get our base verb.
2167
8178300
7490
136:25
We can also use the base verb in certain sentence structures.
2168
8185790
4179
136:29
For example, all have time tomorrow.
2169
8189969
4021
136:33
Here we're using it in the future.
2170
8193990
2000
136:35
Simple we need.
2171
8195990
1180
136:37
Will.
2172
8197170
1000
136:38
And a base verb.
2173
8198170
1000
136:39
Our base verb is have all have time tomorrow.
2174
8199170
4059
136:43
Now here's where things get tricky.
2175
8203229
2311
136:45
In the present simple form of the verb, we have two options.
2176
8205540
4750
136:50
We have have and has.
2177
8210290
3179
136:53
Your choice depends on the subject.
2178
8213469
3181
136:56
We use have for the subjects I, you, we and they for example.
2179
8216650
7460
137:04
They.
2180
8224110
1090
137:05
Have two kids.
2181
8225200
1930
137:07
Now we use has in the present simple for the subjects ** *** and it are third person singular.
2182
8227130
8420
137:15
For example, she has two kids.
2183
8235550
4120
137:19
The past form of the verb is had.
2184
8239670
2820
137:22
This is for all.
2185
8242490
1560
137:24
Subjects.
2186
8244050
1000
137:25
For example, she had a muffin for breakfast.
2187
8245050
3980
137:29
Now here's where things get tricky for students.
2188
8249030
2989
137:32
Let's talk about the present perfect.
2189
8252019
3281
137:35
So the present perfect with the verb have can be formed in two different ways.
2190
8255300
7870
137:43
It can be formed as has had or have had.
2191
8263170
7059
137:50
Now had is the same for all subjects.
2192
8270229
4381
137:54
It doesn't change, but has and have changes according to the subjects.
2193
8274610
7510
138:02
You already learned this with the present simple.
2194
8282120
3510
138:05
So you know that we would use have had four subjects.
2195
8285630
4679
138:10
I, you, we, and they for example, we've had enough and we use has had four subjects.
2196
8290309
10160
138:20
** *** it the third person singular.
2197
8300469
2991
138:23
For example, she's had enough now.
2198
8303460
3019
138:26
Notice how I'm using a contraction I've you've weave they've she's, he's it's.
2199
8306479
10871
138:37
Native English speakers always use contractions with the present perfect so I encourage you
2200
8317350
4680
138:42
to get comfortable with that.
2201
8322030
2270
138:44
So just remember your choice between have had and has had depends on the subject and
2202
8324300
7250
138:51
we use has had for third person singular key sheet it and we use have had for all other
2203
8331550
7349
138:58
subjects I, you, we, and they and now we come to had had.
2204
8338899
5981
139:04
This sounds really bizarre, right?
2205
8344880
2700
139:07
But it's grammatically correct because this is the past perfect form of the verb.
2206
8347580
7040
139:14
Now had had is used for all subjects so it doesn't change.
2207
8354620
5449
139:20
We use had, had for IU, ** *** it, we and they, so this one is easy to remember.
2208
8360069
8041
139:28
You just.
2209
8368110
1000
139:29
Have to remember that had had is the past perfect and have had and has had is the present
2210
8369110
10330
139:39
perfect.
2211
8379440
1150
139:40
That's the thing that you need to remember now.
2212
8380590
2540
139:43
Native English speakers also use contractions with had had, so you're not going to hear
2213
8383130
6439
139:49
a native speaker say had had.
2214
8389569
2561
139:52
Very often.
2215
8392130
1059
139:53
You'll hear the contraction, and the contraction is very subtle.
2216
8393189
4651
139:57
It's a very soft sound.
2217
8397840
2000
139:59
I'd had you'd had he'd had she'd had it had we'd had they'd had so it's a very soft sound,
2218
8399840
10180
140:10
added.
2219
8410020
1070
140:11
To the subject.
2220
8411090
2080
140:13
For example, he'd had a busy week.
2221
8413170
3780
140:16
He'd had a busy week.
2222
8416950
2550
140:19
So notice it sounds very similar to he had a busy week, which is just the past simple
2223
8419500
7050
140:26
form of the verb.
2224
8426550
1920
140:28
So let's listen to those two sentences again.
2225
8428470
2230
140:30
He had a busy week.
2226
8430700
1930
140:32
He'd had a busy week.
2227
8432630
1559
140:34
I say even a native speaker would have a hard time hearing that difference.
2228
8434189
6641
140:40
It's the sentence structure and the rest of the sentence that will let you know if it's
2229
8440830
6420
140:47
a simple pass or the past perfect.
2230
8447250
3819
140:51
So you have to pay attention to context as well.
2231
8451069
3841
140:54
So this is a lesson that you're going to have to review a few times to get comfortable with
2232
8454910
5170
141:00
it.
2233
8460080
1000
141:01
And I definitely recommend that you just take some notes so you remember that difference.
2234
8461080
4530
141:05
And now I want you to practice.
2235
8465610
3250
141:08
So of course I want you to leave a present simple sentence, a past simple sentence, a
2236
8468860
6619
141:15
present perfect sentence, and bonus points if you can leave a past perfect sentence as
2237
8475479
7321
141:22
well.
2238
8482800
1000
141:23
And remember, your conjugation depends on the subject.
2239
8483800
4820
141:28
Are you ready for your quiz?
2240
8488620
1390
141:30
Hit, pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the
2241
8490010
9070
141:39
answers.
2242
8499080
3950
141:43
Now let's move on and talk about, be used to, and get used to.
2243
8503030
4710
141:47
These are must know expressions for your vocabulary.
2244
8507740
3580
141:51
Now, both of them are used to talk about a feeling of comfort when something's new in
2245
8511320
8130
141:59
your daily routine.
2246
8519450
1950
142:01
OK, so let me give you an example.
2247
8521400
3499
142:04
If you watched my video yesterday, you'll know that I'm using a new mouse for my computer.
2248
8524899
7290
142:12
Now, this mouse is a little bit different, a little bit weird, because I have to use
2249
8532189
6141
142:18
my thumb to move the mouse, which is not normal, right?
2250
8538330
5609
142:23
So because of that, because it's not the normal way to use a mouse, I'm not comfortable with
2251
8543939
7111
142:31
this right now.
2252
8551050
1890
142:32
Okay, so I have to.
2253
8552940
2440
142:35
Get used to it.
2254
8555380
2460
142:37
I have to get used to it.
2255
8557840
3349
142:41
Notice I said used to it.
2256
8561189
2971
142:44
It can be two things.
2257
8564160
2710
142:46
It can be the mouse.
2258
8566870
1770
142:48
I.
2259
8568640
1000
142:49
Have to get.
2260
8569640
1000
142:50
Used to the mouse.
2261
8570640
1310
142:51
My new mouse, perhaps.
2262
8571950
2390
142:54
So we can have get used to and then a noun.
2263
8574340
5471
142:59
Now I could also say I have to get used to using it using it.
2264
8579811
6269
143:06
Now what do you notice there?
2265
8586080
1940
143:08
In that case I'm using a verb, but I'm using a jaron verb, a verb in ING get used to using
2266
8588020
10160
143:18
so get used to plus jaron.
2267
8598180
3070
143:21
Now this is the case for both be used to and get used to.
2268
8601250
5070
143:26
After two, you can have a noun or a jaron verb.
2269
8606320
4940
143:31
So pay attention to that structure.
2270
8611260
3050
143:34
Now remember I said I have to get used to this mouse?
2271
8614310
5780
143:40
This means I have to move from a feeling of discomfort to comfort.
2272
8620090
5930
143:46
And the only reason why is because this is a new item in my daily routine.
2273
8626020
8600
143:54
So anytime you add something new to your daily routine, you can use this expression.
2274
8634620
7260
144:01
Get used to okay.
2275
8641880
2530
144:04
Now How about be used to?
2276
8644410
4330
144:08
When do we use?
2277
8648740
1590
144:10
That hmm Well.
2278
8650330
1580
144:11
You simply need to know the difference between get and B.
2279
8651910
5230
144:17
So we use get when we're talking about a transition, a transition from not to, in this case, not
2280
8657140
9509
144:26
comfortable to comfortable.
2281
8666649
2221
144:28
OK, the transition.
2282
8668870
2630
144:31
So I said I have to.
2283
8671500
2100
144:33
It's a requirement.
2284
8673600
1290
144:34
I have to get used to using this new mouse.
2285
8674890
5170
144:40
So I have to transition from not comfortable to comfortable.
2286
8680060
4299
144:44
Now, how about a month later, you could ask me, oh, hey Jennifer, how's the new mouse?
2287
8684359
7361
144:51
Is it still uncomfortable?
2288
8691720
2790
144:54
And then I can reply a month later, A month after using this mouse every day, I could
2289
8694510
6620
145:01
say no.
2290
8701130
1000
145:02
I'm used to it.
2291
8702130
2670
145:04
I'm used to it.
2292
8704800
2370
145:07
And remember that.
2293
8707170
1010
145:08
It can be I'm used to the mouse or I'm used to using verb and ING I'm used to using it.
2294
8708180
8440
145:16
So here notice I use the verb to be and that's because I'm talking about my current state
2295
8716620
7029
145:23
right now, a month into the future.
2296
8723649
3861
145:27
Right now I'm comfortable with using this mouse, so when you get to the point where
2297
8727510
8110
145:35
that new item in your daily routine is now comfortable, you can use B I'm.
2298
8735620
8890
145:44
Used.
2299
8744510
1130
145:45
To it I'm used.
2300
8745640
1860
145:47
To it.
2301
8747500
1000
145:48
But when you're in that transition, you'll use get.
2302
8748500
4609
145:53
I'm getting used to it.
2303
8753109
2531
145:55
I need to get used to it.
2304
8755640
3000
145:58
Remember, get and be are verbs, so you need to conjugate them with the time reference
2305
8758640
6850
146:05
and the subject as well.
2306
8765490
1890
146:07
So if it were she, it would be she is used to it or she's getting used to it.
2307
8767380
8660
146:16
So don't forget that verb conjugation.
2308
8776040
2800
146:18
So just remember that we use B and get used to when we're talking about something new
2309
8778840
6880
146:25
in our daily routine and a feeling of comfort with that new activity.
2310
8785720
6390
146:32
We use get to talk about the transition from not comfortable to comfortable and we use
2311
8792110
6640
146:38
B to talk about the current state as comfortable.
2312
8798750
4279
146:43
Of course, these are both verbs, so you need to conjugate them with the subject and the
2313
8803029
4171
146:47
time reference.
2314
8807200
1000
146:48
And don't forget our structure.
2315
8808200
2400
146:50
After two, we can have either a noun or a jaron verb.
2316
8810600
6210
146:56
So that's everything you need to know to feel comfortable and confident using be and get
2317
8816810
5870
147:02
used to.
2318
8822680
1000
147:03
Now, of course, it's your turn to practice.
2319
8823680
3060
147:06
I want you to think about something new in your daily routine.
2320
8826740
5210
147:11
For me, was using my mouse.
2321
8831950
2560
147:14
So what about you?
2322
8834510
1340
147:15
And talk about how you're getting used to it, and then talk about how you are used to
2323
8835850
7560
147:23
it.
2324
8843410
1000
147:24
So see if you can use B and get to talk about this new item in your daily routine and leave
2325
8844410
6021
147:30
your examples in the comments below.
2326
8850431
2499
147:32
Are you ready for your quiz?
2327
8852930
1410
147:34
Hit, pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the
2328
8854340
9040
147:43
answers.
2329
8863380
3950
147:47
Now let's move on and talk about collective nouns and the conjugation of verbs with collective
2330
8867330
6560
147:53
nouns.
2331
8873890
1000
147:54
So.
2332
8874890
1000
147:55
I'll give you an.
2333
8875890
1020
147:56
Example, my family arriving tomorrow, do I need is or are?
2334
8876910
9270
148:06
Because in a family there's more than one person, right?
2335
8886180
5690
148:11
So is a family singular?
2336
8891870
3070
148:14
Or plural.
2337
8894940
1000
148:15
What do you guys think?
2338
8895940
1000
148:16
Put it in the comments.
2339
8896940
1780
148:18
My family is, my family are.
2340
8898720
3580
148:22
What do you think?
2341
8902300
1000
148:23
Put it in the comments.
2342
8903300
2420
148:25
Family is family.
2343
8905720
1140
148:26
Are the.
2344
8906860
1000
148:27
Correct answer is my family is my family is arriving tomorrow.
2345
8907860
7250
148:35
Now, family is a collective noun.
2346
8915110
4610
148:39
What that means is within this noun there is more than one.
2347
8919720
6000
148:45
Of course, like I said, a family there's more than one person, right?
2348
8925720
6190
148:51
But we treat that noun as one entity.
2349
8931910
5260
148:57
Now you can think of it as we're not talking about the individual members within that family,
2350
8937170
8170
149:05
we're talking about the family as a whole.
2351
8945340
4250
149:09
So we're imagining that that family is 1 unit.
2352
8949590
4890
149:14
So that's what you can remember with collective nouns.
2353
8954480
3280
149:17
They're conjugated as singular because we refer to them as one unit.
2354
8957760
6630
149:24
So of course you need to know subject verb agreement for the verb.
2355
8964390
3679
149:28
To.
2356
8968069
1000
149:29
Be And you also need this for the present.
2357
8969069
3201
149:32
Simple.
2358
8972270
1000
149:33
For example, my family arrives tomorrow.
2359
8973270
5709
149:38
Not my family arrive tomorrow.
2360
8978979
3071
149:42
No, my family arrives tomorrow because remember we need to add that's or ES to third person
2361
8982050
10220
149:52
singular ** *** it verbs.
2362
8992270
4430
149:56
So let's think of some other collective nouns that are conjugated as third person singular.
2363
8996700
7470
150:04
For example, company, same thing, company, many different people within that company,
2364
9004170
6320
150:10
but we refer to it as one entity is third person singular.
2365
9010490
6079
150:16
The company is profitable, Team is another one.
2366
9016569
6561
150:23
Of course there's more than one person on a team, but we conjugate it as one Group One.
2367
9023130
7610
150:30
Cool.
2368
9030740
1050
150:31
So team.
2369
9031790
1050
150:32
Group.
2370
9032840
1070
150:33
Is a good one.
2371
9033910
1110
150:35
Community class is another good one as well.
2372
9035020
4860
150:39
Those are all conjugated as third person singular.
2373
9039880
4540
150:44
Now how about this one?
2374
9044420
2530
150:46
Everyone.
2375
9046950
1000
150:47
Hmm.
2376
9047950
1000
150:48
Is this conjugated as third person singular or plural?
2377
9048950
5420
150:54
Would it be Everyone eats third person singular conjugation or everyone eat, everyone eats
2378
9054370
9180
151:03
at noon, everyone eat at noon?
2379
9063550
2820
151:06
What do you guys think?
2380
9066370
1740
151:08
Is everyone third person singular or plural?
2381
9068110
4030
151:12
Let me know in the comments what you think.
2382
9072140
3679
151:15
Everyone eats.
2383
9075819
2861
151:18
Everyone eats at noon, so everyone is third person singular.
2384
9078680
4889
151:23
It's a collective noun.
2385
9083569
1961
151:25
There's more than one person, but we're referring to it as one entity, 1 unit.
2386
9085530
6890
151:32
So this applies for everyone, everybody, anyone, and anybody.
2387
9092420
5990
151:38
Now, some other common collective nouns that you'll probably use in your vocabulary would
2388
9098410
6020
151:44
be government, audience, jury, tribe, couple, so two people.
2389
9104430
9280
151:53
But we refer to them as one.
2390
9113710
2500
151:56
The couple is really cute.
2391
9116210
3550
151:59
Couple is a collective noun and army as well.
2392
9119760
4280
152:04
The army is well prepared, so here's the list of the most common collecting nouns.
2393
9124040
7279
152:11
I definitely recommend that you pause the video and you write these down or take a screenshot
2394
9131319
6891
152:18
so you can add these to your vocabulary.
2395
9138210
2939
152:21
And remember they need to be conjugated as.
2396
9141149
2641
152:23
3rd.
2397
9143790
1000
152:24
Person singular.
2398
9144790
1000
152:25
This is a really important grammar concept, so make sure you take the time and for now
2399
9145790
4899
152:30
to practice.
2400
9150689
1441
152:32
I want you to choose three of these collective nouns and write 3 sentences in the comments
2401
9152130
7420
152:39
below just to get really comfortable with them.
2402
9159550
3310
152:42
Are you ready for your quiz?
2403
9162860
1410
152:44
Hit, pause, take as much time as you need and when you're ready, hit play to see the
2404
9164270
9070
152:53
answers.
2405
9173340
3970
152:57
Now let's move on and talk about the difference between can and be able to.
2406
9177310
5490
153:02
Now both of these are used to talk about ability, but the difference is in the sentence structure.
2407
9182800
7720
153:10
That's possible and also what type of ability.
2408
9190520
4940
153:15
So first of all, you need to know that can is used for general ability.
2409
9195460
6320
153:21
So we use it in both the positive form and the negative form in a very general context.
2410
9201780
7409
153:29
For example, I could just say I can swim, I can swim.
2411
9209189
4331
153:33
Just in.
2412
9213520
1500
153:35
General anytime, anywhere, not specific to a specific pool or a specific place or a specific.
2413
9215020
8240
153:43
Type of water.
2414
9223260
1430
153:44
Just I can swim in general.
2415
9224690
2160
153:46
Now, the opposite, of course.
2416
9226850
1879
153:48
The negative.
2417
9228729
1000
153:49
I can't swim, so it doesn't matter where I am.
2418
9229729
2800
153:52
It doesn't matter what type of pool I'm in, what type of water I'm in, what time of day
2419
9232529
5381
153:57
it is, where the location is.
2420
9237910
2060
153:59
It doesn't matter in any context.
2421
9239970
2000
154:01
In a general context, I can't swim, so can is used in positive and negative for general
2422
9241970
8460
154:10
ability.
2423
9250430
1730
154:12
Now let's compare that to be able to so be able to.
2424
9252160
5810
154:17
This is used for a specific ability.
2425
9257970
4370
154:22
Now what does that mean?
2426
9262340
1479
154:23
If it's specific, you can think of it as specific to a time, a location, a specific type for
2427
9263819
9411
154:33
example.
2428
9273230
1580
154:34
It's limited, so I could say I'm not.
2429
9274810
3879
154:38
Able to swim.
2430
9278689
1811
154:40
Today.
2431
9280500
1080
154:41
I'm not able to swim today.
2432
9281580
2590
154:44
Now I wouldn't just say I'm not able to swim because that sounds like a general statement.
2433
9284170
5930
154:50
And if it's a general statement to all places, all times, all situations, I would use can.
2434
9290100
6220
154:56
I can't swim.
2435
9296320
1060
154:57
But if I say I'm not able to, that means it's a specific time or specific location.
2436
9297380
8010
155:05
So I might ask that sentence and say I'm not able to swim today because the pools closed,
2437
9305390
8639
155:14
or because I have an important meeting, or because I'm not feeling well.
2438
9314029
7621
155:21
So there's a specific reason that's preventing that ability.
2439
9321650
5660
155:27
So that's the first important distinction.
2440
9327310
2830
155:30
Can general be able to specific?
2441
9330140
3230
155:33
Now, the other very important thing you need to remember is that grammatically these are
2442
9333370
7631
155:41
different.
2443
9341001
1000
155:42
And that's because can is a modal verb.
2444
9342001
3749
155:45
Modal verbs are limited, They're limited in the sentence structure that they can use.
2445
9345750
7300
155:53
Now can, as a modal verb is used in the present and the future, be able to.
2446
9353050
8340
156:01
This is a.
2447
9361390
1000
156:02
Verb expression.
2448
9362390
1330
156:03
The verb, of course, is the verb to be.
2449
9363720
2570
156:06
That's the verb that's conjugated with the subject and the time reference as a regular
2450
9366290
5510
156:11
verb expression.
2451
9371800
1630
156:13
We can use this in any sentence structure, any formation, any verb tense, anywhere on
2452
9373430
7910
156:21
our timeline of past, present, or future.
2453
9381340
3720
156:25
So this is very important because remember I previously told you that can is used for
2454
9385060
7530
156:32
a specific ability.
2455
9392590
2301
156:34
But let's say you want to talk about a specific ability in a sentence structure where a modal
2456
9394891
9119
156:44
verb is not possible in that sentence structure.
2457
9404010
4880
156:48
If that's the case, even if you're talking about specific ability, you would use be able
2458
9408890
7041
156:55
to.
2459
9415931
1039
156:56
So you use be able to when can is not possible grammatically.
2460
9416970
6610
157:03
Let me give you an example to make this very clear.
2461
9423580
4140
157:07
So I could say a lifeguard needs swim for 20 minutes without stopping.
2462
9427720
10010
157:17
So in this case, this is a general ability.
2463
9437730
3490
157:21
This is something that a lifeguard needs any place, anytime.
2464
9441220
4680
157:25
It's just a general ability.
2465
9445900
2180
157:28
But what?
2466
9448080
1370
157:29
What about this blank here?
2467
9449450
2220
157:31
What do I need grammatically to complete this sentence?
2468
9451670
4309
157:35
Well, we have to look at the sentence.
2469
9455979
2651
157:38
I have need as a verb needs.
2470
9458630
3641
157:42
The lifeguard needs now need is a verb.
2471
9462271
4989
157:47
The next verb has to be in the infinitive form.
2472
9467260
6190
157:53
Now can as a modal cannot be used in an infinitive form, it doesn't exist.
2473
9473450
7580
158:01
Modal verbs are just the verb, they don't change in different structures.
2474
9481030
5980
158:07
So in this case, I can't say a lifeguard needs can swim.
2475
9487010
5580
158:12
No that grammatically doesn't work.
2476
9492590
3940
158:16
Even though I'm talking about general ability, I need an infinitive.
2477
9496530
5760
158:22
Because of that, I have to use be able to and I'd say a lifeguard needs to be able to
2478
9502290
7649
158:29
in the infinitive form.
2479
9509939
2031
158:31
Now I have a correct sentence.
2480
9511970
3070
158:35
So now you know how to use can and be able to correctly.
2481
9515040
4819
158:39
Are you ready for your quiz?
2482
9519859
1391
158:41
Hit pause.
2483
9521250
1330
158:42
Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
2484
9522580
11680
158:54
Now let's move on and talk about the difference between rather than and instead of.
2485
9534260
6050
159:00
Let's start with rather than, rather than.
2486
9540310
2919
159:03
Is used to state a preference.
2487
9543229
3321
159:06
So you have two things and you want to say which one you.
2488
9546550
4940
159:11
Prefer.
2489
9551490
1000
159:12
Which one you like more?
2490
9552490
2320
159:14
Your preference.
2491
9554810
1000
159:15
Because of that, we're most likely going to use rather than with the.
2492
9555810
5060
159:20
Verb.
2493
9560870
1000
159:21
Prefer.
2494
9561870
1000
159:22
For example, I prefer making dinner rather than eating out.
2495
9562870
7010
159:29
So I have my two choices, make dinner, eat out, and my preference is make dinner.
2496
9569880
8220
159:38
I prefer making dinner rather than eating out.
2497
9578100
6589
159:44
So rather than is simply used to connect those ideas and form that complete sentence.
2498
9584689
5701
159:50
Now notice rather than the next verb is going to be a gerund, which is simply your verb
2499
9590390
8170
159:58
in ING.
2500
9598560
1000
159:59
That's 100% of the time when you use a verb, so don't forget that.
2501
9599560
5860
160:05
Now, in terms of placement, I can take that same sentence, but I can move rather than
2502
9605420
7900
160:13
to the beginning of the sentence, and I can say rather than ordering takeout.
2503
9613320
6610
160:19
I prefer making dinner, so you do have that flexibility.
2504
9619930
5250
160:25
Instead of a gerund verb, you could use a noun.
2505
9625180
5400
160:30
So I could say I prefer pizza, just the noun.
2506
9630580
5020
160:35
I'm not talking about a verb.
2507
9635600
1860
160:37
I prefer pizza rather than spaghetti, so I'm still connecting the sentence together with
2508
9637460
7630
160:45
rather than, but I'm using two nouns instead of two verbs.
2509
9645090
5389
160:50
Now instead of, it's used as substitution, which means I'm going to take one object and
2510
9650479
8521
160:59
I'm going to replace it with something else.
2511
9659000
4010
161:03
OK, so substitution rather than just talking about preference, I like this one more.
2512
9663010
8040
161:11
And you still see both objects.
2513
9671050
2420
161:13
That would be rather than, but with instead of we're substituting, so one is going away
2514
9673470
7290
161:20
and we're only leaving the one we want.
2515
9680760
3051
161:23
That's instead of So I could say we made dinner instead of eating out.
2516
9683811
8069
161:31
OK, so in this case, the two objects, the two choices make dinner, eat out.
2517
9691880
6510
161:38
But rather than just stating my preference, one's going away, and the one that went away
2518
9698390
6400
161:44
was eat out.
2519
9704790
1630
161:46
OK, so we're left with make dinner.
2520
9706420
3760
161:50
We made dinner.
2521
9710180
2320
161:52
Notice my verb tense is the past simple, because this action is already complete.
2522
9712500
5340
161:57
We made dinner yesterday instead of eating out.
2523
9717840
4791
162:02
Now notice I'm still using a gerund verb after instead of.
2524
9722631
6999
162:09
So that's your structure instead of gerund verb.
2525
9729630
3880
162:13
But we can also use nouns for our structure.
2526
9733510
4310
162:17
So I could say we had pizza instead of spaghetti.
2527
9737820
6459
162:24
So again, two choices.
2528
9744279
2011
162:26
One of them is going away.
2529
9746290
2120
162:28
We had pizza instead of spaghetti.
2530
9748410
3840
162:32
Now I can also just.
2531
9752250
2060
162:34
Use the.
2532
9754310
1000
162:35
Word.
2533
9755310
1000
162:36
Instead, so let's say a friend asks, oh, so did you have spaghetti last night?
2534
9756310
5910
162:42
So I was talking to my friend about pizza and spaghetti.
2535
9762220
3470
162:45
So she wants to know, did you have spaghetti last night?
2536
9765690
4280
162:49
Then I can say no, we had pizza instead.
2537
9769970
5580
162:55
So when I don't want to specify the 2nd noun or the second action because it's already
2538
9775550
8080
163:03
been specified, my friend specified it so I don't need to repeat it.
2539
9783630
5920
163:09
In that case, I can just drop it and use instead.
2540
9789550
5960
163:15
Did you have spaghetti?
2541
9795510
1490
163:17
No, we had pizza instead instead of spaghetti.
2542
9797000
5960
163:22
But I don't mean to say it, it would be repetitive.
2543
9802960
2210
163:25
No, we have pizza instead.
2544
9805170
3140
163:28
So just remember that rather than is used to express a preference between two things
2545
9808310
6860
163:35
and instead of is used to talk about substitution.
2546
9815170
6210
163:41
So taking that action and one of them is going away.
2547
9821380
4720
163:46
Now the best way of course to really feel confident is to practice these.
2548
9826100
5310
163:51
So I want you to leave your own sentences in the comments below.
2549
9831410
4360
163:55
Why don't you try 4 sentences, 2 with instead of and two with rather than?
2550
9835770
6520
164:02
Because you can practice with the gerund and the noun for each so you get really comfortable
2551
9842290
5180
164:07
with that advanced sentence structure.
2552
9847470
2080
164:09
Are you ready for your quiz?
2553
9849550
1410
164:10
Hit, pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the
2554
9850960
9130
164:20
answers.
2555
9860090
4030
164:24
Let's move on and talk about should, must, and have to.
2556
9864120
4950
164:29
Now.
2557
9869070
1000
164:30
All three of these are modal verbs and we use them to talk about obligation or to give
2558
9870070
7690
164:37
advice.
2559
9877760
1000
164:38
First, let's talk about should we use should to give advice or opinion or a recommendation.
2560
9878760
8740
164:47
So keep in mind should is not an obligation.
2561
9887500
5180
164:52
So let's think of a scenario where you could give advice, an opinion or a recommendation.
2562
9892680
6620
164:59
Let's say your friend calls you and says I feel overwhelmed at work to your friends in
2563
9899300
7910
165:07
a negative situation and you want to give some advice and opinion or recommendation.
2564
9907210
5370
165:12
You can use should.
2565
9912580
1740
165:14
You can reply back and say you should talk to your boss.
2566
9914320
5230
165:19
Now let's take a look at the structure.
2567
9919550
2429
165:21
We need should and a base verb.
2568
9921979
2861
165:24
The base verb is simply the infinitive.
2569
9924840
2360
165:27
Without to you should talk.
2570
9927200
4260
165:31
You should talk to your boss.
2571
9931460
2840
165:34
I could use a negative and I could say you shouldn't.
2572
9934300
4330
165:38
You shouldn't take on any more work.
2573
9938630
3470
165:42
Or maybe I could give her some advice or my recommendation.
2574
9942100
4600
165:46
My opinion and say you should ask a colleague for help.
2575
9946700
5390
165:52
Now it's your turn to practice this structure.
2576
9952090
2940
165:55
Let's say I call you and I say I have a really bad headache.
2577
9955030
7579
166:02
What's some advice, a recommendation or an opinion you can share with me using should
2578
9962609
6670
166:09
or shouldn't?
2579
9969279
1370
166:10
And remember, you need your base verb.
2580
9970649
2290
166:12
So put your example in the comments now.
2581
9972939
3641
166:16
Now let's talk about must.
2582
9976580
2210
166:18
Must is used for obligation.
2583
9978790
1870
166:20
For example, you must finish the report by 5:00.
2584
9980660
5800
166:26
I have no option.
2585
9986460
3250
166:29
I must finish the report by 5:00.
2586
9989710
3710
166:33
It's an obligation.
2587
9993420
3059
166:36
Now let's take a look at the structure.
2588
9996479
2371
166:38
We use must with a base verb.
2589
9998850
2900
166:41
You must finish.
2590
10001750
2300
166:44
You must finish the report by 5:00.
2591
10004050
2070
166:46
I might get an e-mail from the government that says you must file your taxes by the
2592
10006120
7920
166:54
end of the month or to apply for a job.
2593
10014040
4050
166:58
They might tell me you must submit your application online.
2594
10018090
5250
167:03
So now it's your turn to practice.
2595
10023340
2130
167:05
I want you to leave an example in the comments using must and remember, it's an obligation
2596
10025470
6210
167:11
and you need a base verb.
2597
10031680
1580
167:13
So leave your example.
2598
10033260
1059
167:14
Now let's move on to have to have to is also used for obligation, but generally that obligation
2599
10034319
9681
167:24
is coming from someone else, an outside force.
2600
10044000
3670
167:27
For example, I could say I have to walk my dog.
2601
10047670
6300
167:33
So first let's take a look at the sentence structure.
2602
10053970
2750
167:36
Here we have have and then are infinitive.
2603
10056720
3660
167:40
So keep in mind this one we use have to have to and the base verb I have to walk my dog.
2604
10060380
10059
167:50
So whether or not I want to walk my dog isn't really the issue here, is that as a pet owner,
2605
10070439
8281
167:58
I'm obligated.
2606
10078720
1260
167:59
To.
2607
10079980
1000
168:00
Walk my dog.
2608
10080980
3070
168:04
I have to walk my dog.
2609
10084050
3550
168:07
Or I could say I have to babysit my cousin this weekend.
2610
10087600
6150
168:13
So again, the obligation is coming from somewhere else.
2611
10093750
4020
168:17
So maybe my aunt is requiring that I do this.
2612
10097770
3910
168:21
Or another family member I have to babysit my cousin this weekend.
2613
10101680
5820
168:27
Remember, to babysit are infinitive.
2614
10107500
3100
168:30
Or I could say I have to buy a new car.
2615
10110600
4940
168:35
Now the obligation is my current car doesn't work anymore, so I have to buy a new car.
2616
10115540
7939
168:43
It's not my choice.
2617
10123479
1061
168:44
I don't want to.
2618
10124540
1739
168:46
But I.
2619
10126279
1141
168:47
Have to because my current car doesn't work.
2620
10127420
4059
168:51
So now it's your turn to practice.
2621
10131479
2441
168:53
Let us know in the comments something you have to do this week have to do.
2622
10133920
7580
169:01
Remember to use the infinitive.
2623
10141500
1210
169:02
So to summarize, should is used with advice, opinion, or recommendation.
2624
10142710
6700
169:09
Must and have to are used with obligations.
2625
10149410
3430
169:12
You might be wondering what's the difference?
2626
10152840
2431
169:15
Well, generally I see must being used by the government or official bodies, official bodies
2627
10155271
8500
169:23
that give us rules and regulations and and I see it on online forms as well.
2628
10163771
6749
169:30
That's when I see must the most.
2629
10170520
2980
169:33
Now with half two, I see that as an outside pressure so that would be the difference between
2630
10173500
7649
169:41
those two.
2631
10181149
1361
169:42
And remember should and must plus base verb, but have to verb have in the infinitive.
2632
10182510
9290
169:51
So now you know how to use should, must and have to.
2633
10191800
3970
169:55
Are you ready for your quiz?
2634
10195770
1410
169:57
Hit, pause.
2635
10197180
1330
169:58
Take as much time as you need.
2636
10198510
1420
169:59
And when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
2637
10199930
10330
170:10
Our final group of confusing words, Let's talk about have known and don't have.
2638
10210260
7580
170:17
So let me give you an example sentence.
2639
10217840
2820
170:20
I have no time.
2640
10220660
2310
170:22
I don't have any time.
2641
10222970
2540
170:25
Now both of these examples have the exact same meaning.
2642
10225510
4860
170:30
We're talking about the existence of time and we're making it negative.
2643
10230370
5830
170:36
So we're saying it doesn't exist in this specific situation.
2644
10236200
5571
170:41
Now when you look at the sentences, you'll notice that the grammar, the sentence structure
2645
10241771
4909
170:46
is very different.
2646
10246680
1610
170:48
The standard way to form a negative is simply to use the second one.
2647
10248290
5819
170:54
I don't have any time.
2648
10254109
2861
170:56
That's probably the one that you're most comfortable with.
2649
10256970
3670
171:00
Now I get questions a lot from students because they hear from native speakers on TV, movies
2650
10260640
5570
171:06
or outside of the classroom.
2651
10266210
2340
171:08
They hear native speakers forming negatives with have no and saying I have no time and
2652
10268550
6360
171:14
they're confused by the grammar.
2653
10274910
1880
171:16
So let's make this nice and easy for you.
2654
10276790
3120
171:19
So remember the meaning is the same.
2655
10279910
2869
171:22
We use have no plus the noun when we're talking about desires, emotions, attitudes and concepts.
2656
10282779
13061
171:35
So you can think of time as a concept, but let me give you another example.
2657
10295840
5510
171:41
With a desire or an emotion or maybe even an attitude, I could say my boss has no patience.
2658
10301350
8350
171:49
My boss has no patience.
2659
10309700
3539
171:53
Now remember, have no of course or verb is have.
2660
10313239
4081
171:57
We need to conjugate it with the subject.
2661
10317320
2680
172:00
So here my subject is my boss, third person singular.
2662
10320000
4270
172:04
So I need has my boss has no patience.
2663
10324270
4709
172:08
I could also say my boss has no idea that would be a concept.
2664
10328979
5391
172:14
My boss has no right, a concept.
2665
10334370
3659
172:18
My boss has no confidence that could be an attitude or an emotion.
2666
10338029
5841
172:23
So other common things you could use happiness, peace, joy, any sort of skill as well.
2667
10343870
8240
172:32
So in that category of nouns we can use the structure have no now we use our standard
2668
10352110
7650
172:39
structure don't have plus a physical noun.
2669
10359760
5679
172:45
So anything like pens, papers, scissors, a computer, a phone, all of these are physical
2670
10365439
6750
172:52
nouns.
2671
10372189
1000
172:53
They're not concepts, They're not emotions, they're not desires, they're physical.
2672
10373189
4561
172:57
So we can use this structure.
2673
10377750
1870
172:59
And I would simply say I don't have a pen, I don't have scissors, I don't have paper
2674
10379620
8220
173:07
right now.
2675
10387840
1350
173:09
Of course we can absolutely use don't have with the concepts, the desires, the emotions.
2676
10389190
7940
173:17
My boss doesn't have any patience.
2677
10397130
3330
173:20
That's absolutely correct.
2678
10400460
2350
173:22
So remember that don't have is the standard way to form a negative sentence.
2679
10402810
6610
173:29
And have no isn't an alternative way that's only used in specific situations.
2680
10409420
6700
173:36
So the one specific situation is when we're talking about desires, concepts, emotions
2681
10416120
7090
173:43
and attitudes.
2682
10423210
1540
173:44
Now another time when we can use have no and the noun is, we want to emphasize it.
2683
10424750
7311
173:52
We want to make it a lot stronger of a statement.
2684
10432061
3739
173:55
So I can use money as an example.
2685
10435800
3179
173:58
Now money is a physical possession.
2686
10438979
2840
174:01
I can feel it.
2687
10441819
1341
174:03
I can see it.
2688
10443160
1580
174:04
Not like patience, which I can't see.
2689
10444740
3300
174:08
I can't feel it's just a concept or an attitude.
2690
10448040
2580
174:10
But money?
2691
10450620
1000
174:11
I can feel it, I can touch it.
2692
10451620
2250
174:13
It's physical.
2693
10453870
1120
174:14
To emphasize the statement, to make it more dramatic.
2694
10454990
3940
174:18
I could use have no and a physical possession, so I could say I have no money, which emphasizes
2695
10458930
10360
174:29
it.
2696
10469290
1000
174:30
It makes it stronger than saying I don't have any money, I have no money.
2697
10470290
5949
174:36
So you might hear statements like this when you really want to emphasize that you don't
2698
10476239
5181
174:41
have it.
2699
10481420
1189
174:42
Now although you can use have no with physical nouns, you know you have to think.
2700
10482609
5641
174:48
Is it common to emphasize that you don't have a pen?
2701
10488250
3680
174:51
Like, would it be common to say I have no pens?
2702
10491930
3780
174:55
I mean, I guess depending on context it could be acceptable to emphasize that you don't
2703
10495710
6769
175:02
have a pen, but really it's not something that you emphasize that you make more dramatic.
2704
10502479
6701
175:09
So just keep in mind that the standard structure is don't have and you're a noun.
2705
10509180
6370
175:15
But we can use have no and a noun.
2706
10515550
3880
175:19
We use it in two specific situations.
2707
10519430
2990
175:22
We commonly use it with concepts, feelings, emotions, desires, or attitudes, and then
2708
10522420
7309
175:29
we can use it with physical nouns when we want to emphasize that physical noun.
2709
10529729
7851
175:37
So now it's your turn to practice.
2710
10537580
2630
175:40
I want you to leave three sentences, one using have no and a desire, an attitude or a concept.
2711
10540210
9899
175:50
Another one just using your simple don't have and a physical noun.
2712
10550109
4381
175:54
And your third one I want you to use have no and a physical noun, but a physical noun
2713
10554490
6430
176:00
that you want to emphasize.
2714
10560920
2370
176:03
So choose that noun carefully, because remember, would I really emphasize that I have no chapstick,
2715
10563290
7850
176:11
for example?
2716
10571140
1000
176:12
So.
2717
10572140
1000
176:13
Think carefully about which physical noun you want to use, and make sure it makes sense
2718
10573140
6120
176:19
to emphasize that you don't have it.
2719
10579260
3340
176:22
So leave those in the comments below.
2720
10582600
2860
176:25
Are you ready for your quiz?
2721
10585460
1400
176:26
Hit pause.
2722
10586860
1329
176:28
Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
2723
10588189
12201
176:40
Our first confusing word pair is few and and a few.
2724
10600390
5200
176:45
So notice what's difference.
2725
10605590
1000
176:46
Here is just the article A.
2726
10606590
3340
176:49
Few.
2727
10609930
1210
176:51
Now the difference in meaning between these two is subtle, okay.
2728
10611140
5180
176:56
So it's a small difference in meaning and a few is just more commonly used.
2729
10616320
7790
177:04
So just keep that in mind.
2730
10624110
2140
177:06
Now few without the article, this means a small quantity.
2731
10626250
8620
177:14
So I could say few members of the committee were there few members.
2732
10634870
9560
177:24
So this means that a small quantity of members were at the committee.
2733
10644430
8230
177:32
It also means that the majority of the members were.
2734
10652660
5449
177:38
Not.
2735
10658109
1000
177:39
At the committee.
2736
10659109
1120
177:40
So keep that in mind.
2737
10660229
2191
177:42
And when I say majority, I'm talking about 90 to 95% because few members would be, you
2738
10662420
7710
177:50
know, 5 percent, 10% maximum, few members of the committee were.
2739
10670130
6750
177:56
There.
2740
10676880
1000
177:57
Now, I could say a few members of the committee were there, a few including the article.
2741
10677880
9280
178:07
Now here's where it might seem confusing because the number of members is the same when I say
2742
10687160
7619
178:14
a few, it's still a small quantity of members.
2743
10694779
5461
178:20
So what's the difference?
2744
10700240
2660
178:22
The difference is on what you're emphasizing.
2745
10702900
3450
178:26
When I say few members of the committee were there, I'm really emphasizing.
2746
10706350
5839
178:32
The lack.
2747
10712189
1691
178:33
Of of members.
2748
10713880
1150
178:35
I'm emphasizing that the majority of the members weren't there.
2749
10715030
6230
178:41
But when I say a few members of the committee were there, I'm emphasizing the number, although
2750
10721260
8560
178:49
small, the number of the committee members that were there.
2751
10729820
5840
178:55
So my focus is on the members that were there.
2752
10735660
4319
178:59
So that's the difference.
2753
10739979
1161
179:01
I know, very subtle, right?
2754
10741140
2470
179:03
Maybe even hard to really understand it.
2755
10743610
3110
179:06
But let me give you a simpler example that everybody can relate to.
2756
10746720
6059
179:12
So let's say you're new in a city, OK?
2757
10752779
2151
179:14
And because of that, you haven't met very many people yet.
2758
10754930
5780
179:20
You can say I have few friends in this city, or you could say I have a few friends in this
2759
10760710
14060
179:34
city.
2760
10774770
1120
179:35
Hmm.
2761
10775890
1130
179:37
So in both cases, we're talking about a small quantity, right?
2762
10777020
5620
179:42
But think about how it's what you're emphasizing that's different and how this might change
2763
10782640
7150
179:49
the emotion that you have about the statement.
2764
10789790
3939
179:53
Because when I say I have few friends in this city, it's really emphasized emphasizing the
2765
10793729
5420
179:59
lack of friends that I have.
2766
10799149
4130
180:03
But when I say I have a few friends in the city, is emphasizing the friends I have.
2767
10803279
8681
180:11
Although it's a small number of friends, maybe only two or three, I still have two or three
2768
10811960
6769
180:18
friends in the city That's better than 0 friends, right?
2769
10818729
4951
180:23
So in the first example it.
2770
10823680
1650
180:25
Sounds a.
2771
10825330
1000
180:26
Little more sad because you're emphasizing lack.
2772
10826330
3481
180:29
In the second example.
2773
10829811
1429
180:31
It sounds a little more positive because you're emphasizing what you have.
2774
10831240
5940
180:37
So if it helps you to think of it like this, you can think of few as not many.
2775
10837180
8090
180:45
I have few friends in the city.
2776
10845270
4330
180:49
I don't have many friends in the city, but you can think of a few as some.
2777
10849600
8040
180:57
I have a few friends in the city, two or three I have some friends in the city, so they're
2778
10857640
8141
181:05
more closely related and they differ from few, so hopefully that will help you understand
2779
10865781
7359
181:13
the meaning.
2780
10873140
1000
181:14
And remember, it's a very subtle difference, But that article does make a difference.
2781
10874140
6660
181:20
So now it's your turn to practice.
2782
10880800
2580
181:23
I want you to leave two sentences in the comments below, one with few and one with a few.
2783
10883380
7280
181:30
Remember few.
2784
10890660
1560
181:32
You're emphasizing the lack, but a few.
2785
10892220
3429
181:35
You're emphasizing the small quantity that's there.
2786
10895649
4201
181:39
Now that you know the difference between few and a few, let's start your quiz.
2787
10899850
5370
181:45
Here are the questions.
2788
10905220
1080
181:46
Hit pause.
2789
10906300
1000
181:47
Take as much time as you need and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
2790
10907300
6840
181:54
Here are your answers.
2791
10914140
1740
181:55
Hit pause and compare your answers to these to see how well you did.
2792
10915880
6180
182:02
So how did you do with that quiz?
2793
10922060
1790
182:03
Share your score in the comments below and let's move on with our next confusing word
2794
10923850
5030
182:08
pair.
2795
10928880
1000
182:09
Now let's look at sometime, sometime and sometimes sometime as one word is an adverb and we use
2796
10929880
11780
182:21
this to talk about an unspecified point in time.
2797
10941660
5630
182:27
Now when I say point in time, that's important because we're not talking about a span of
2798
10947290
6430
182:33
time, a time that has a duration, We're talking about an unspecified point in time.
2799
10953720
7250
182:40
So I could say you should visit me sometime.
2800
10960970
4400
182:45
You should visit me sometime.
2801
10965370
1180
182:46
Now when I say sometime, it's not specified.
2802
10966550
3860
182:50
It could be tomorrow, it could be next week, it could be next year, it could be next month
2803
10970410
5380
182:55
anytime now.
2804
10975790
2450
182:58
I could also say I'll clean the garage sometime soon, so notice I added soon on to it because
2805
10978240
9550
183:07
I just said it could be tomorrow or it could be next year.
2806
10987790
4630
183:12
So if you want to make the time a little more specified, but.
2807
10992420
4550
183:16
Still.
2808
10996970
1000
183:17
Unspecified, you could add soon, sometime soon.
2809
10997970
4530
183:22
I'll clean the garage sometime soon.
2810
11002500
3370
183:25
Now let's talk about some time 2 words.
2811
11005870
3970
183:29
So this is an expression.
2812
11009840
2010
183:31
An expression is simply when two or more words are combined to have one meaning.
2813
11011850
5580
183:37
Now the meaning for this expression some time is a period of time.
2814
11017430
7040
183:44
So that's why it was important to specify in our last example that it was an unspecified
2815
11024470
6139
183:50
point in time, because as.
2816
11030609
2821
183:53
2.
2817
11033430
1000
183:54
Words some time.
2818
11034430
1830
183:56
It's a span of time, and it's generally.
2819
11036260
3929
184:00
A.
2820
11040189
1000
184:01
Longer span of time so you can think of it as a while.
2821
11041189
4861
184:06
So I could say it will be some time 2 words until restaurants reopen.
2822
11046050
9160
184:15
So when I say some time, we don't know how long, but I know it's a longer span of time.
2823
11055210
8870
184:24
I could also say it took me some time to clean the garage, so again, it's not specified.
2824
11064080
8620
184:32
I don't know exactly.
2825
11072700
1000
184:33
Was it an hour?
2826
11073700
1960
184:35
Two hours.
2827
11075660
1000
184:36
Three hours?
2828
11076660
1050
184:37
I don't know, but it wasn't 5 minutes because I said some time, which is a longer period
2829
11077710
8380
184:46
of time.
2830
11086090
1300
184:47
A while now sometimes as one word with an S This is an adverb, and perhaps it's the
2831
11087390
8610
184:56
one that you're most familiar with.
2832
11096000
2080
184:58
Because this is an adverb of frequency used with the present simple verb tense sometimes
2833
11098080
8520
185:06
means occasionally, but not often.
2834
11106600
3879
185:10
So when you think about our adverbs of frequency, you can see that sometimes it's not as often
2835
11110479
9151
185:19
as usually, but it's more often than rarely.
2836
11119630
5880
185:25
So you can think about it as about 3 * a week.
2837
11125510
4559
185:30
So I could say she sometimes orders take out for lunch.
2838
11130069
6321
185:36
I know this is not something she does every day, but it's something she does occasionally,
2839
11136390
7230
185:43
maybe about three times a week.
2840
11143620
3730
185:47
And remember, it's an adverb of frequency used with the present simple.
2841
11147350
4049
185:51
So my verb is in the present simple.
2842
11151399
3781
185:55
Now just to use our garage example so you can see all three of them and compare them
2843
11155180
5330
186:00
side by side.
2844
11160510
1290
186:01
I could say he sometimes cleans the garage, so he does it occasionally, but not often,
2845
11161800
8710
186:10
so maybe 3 or 4 * a year.
2846
11170510
3260
186:13
But other things he does every single week, like clean his kitchen, but he sometimes cleans
2847
11173770
8120
186:21
his.
2848
11181890
1000
186:22
Garage.
2849
11182890
1000
186:23
Are you ready for your quiz?
2850
11183890
1410
186:25
Here are your questions.
2851
11185300
2080
186:27
Hit pause.
2852
11187380
1000
186:28
Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play To see the answers.
2853
11188380
7420
186:35
Here are the answers.
2854
11195800
1599
186:37
Hit pause.
2855
11197399
1760
186:39
Compare your answers to these and see how well you did.
2856
11199159
4521
186:43
So how did you do with that quiz?
2857
11203680
2080
186:45
Share your score in the comments below and let's move on.
2858
11205760
4139
186:49
Now let's look at sell and sale.
2859
11209899
4151
186:54
Now the main difference is that cell is a verb.
2860
11214050
4440
186:58
To.
2861
11218490
1000
186:59
Cell and sale is a noun, which means it's a thing.
2862
11219490
6230
187:05
We can use it with a sale, the sale or even for for.
2863
11225720
7719
187:13
Sale.
2864
11233439
1000
187:14
So let's talk about the verb.
2865
11234439
1761
187:16
To.
2866
11236200
1000
187:17
Sell now.
2867
11237200
1690
187:18
To sell this simply means to make something available.
2868
11238890
4910
187:23
For purchase.
2869
11243800
1650
187:25
But because it's a verb, we're talking about it as an action okay.
2870
11245450
4610
187:30
So keep that in mind.
2871
11250060
2160
187:32
For example, the store sells athletic.
2872
11252220
4120
187:36
Goods.
2873
11256340
1090
187:37
Now of course, because it's a verb, we have to conjugate our verb with the subject, here
2874
11257430
6380
187:43
the store it.
2875
11263810
1600
187:45
So we need to add an S onto the verb, and we also we need to put it in the correct verb
2876
11265410
8401
187:53
tense as well.
2877
11273811
2048
187:55
So I could say in the past I.
2878
11275859
2721
187:58
Sold.
2879
11278580
1000
187:59
Sold is the past simple of the verb to sell I.
2880
11279580
4470
188:04
Sold.
2881
11284050
1000
188:05
My bike.
2882
11285050
1000
188:06
I sold my bike.
2883
11286050
1870
188:07
Now sail as a noun.
2884
11287920
2850
188:10
There are different structures.
2885
11290770
1480
188:12
I'll talk about the two most common, and the first structure is something to be for sale,
2886
11292250
9550
188:21
for sale.
2887
11301800
1580
188:23
But remember, sale is a noun, so we still need a verb in the sentence.
2888
11303380
5080
188:28
So in this sentence structure it's something and then the verb to be for sale.
2889
11308460
6100
188:34
For example, this house is for sale.
2890
11314560
3780
188:38
Now, as a noun for sale just means.
2891
11318340
7280
188:45
Available.
2892
11325620
1000
188:46
For.
2893
11326620
1000
188:47
Purchase.
2894
11327620
1000
188:48
So it has the same meaning, but we're talking about it as a thing.
2895
11328620
4409
188:53
We're not talking about it as an action.
2896
11333029
2601
188:55
This house is for sale.
2897
11335630
3320
188:58
Now, sale as a noun.
2898
11338950
3130
189:02
We can also say that something and then the verb to be on sale.
2899
11342080
7780
189:09
On sale.
2900
11349860
1119
189:10
OK, let me give you an example.
2901
11350979
2710
189:13
I could say, do you sell?
2902
11353689
2420
189:16
Bikes.
2903
11356109
1130
189:17
So I'm asking, imagine your store and I'm asking are bikes available for purchase?
2904
11357239
6621
189:23
Do you sell bikes?
2905
11363860
2369
189:26
Sell as a verb?
2906
11366229
1710
189:27
And then you could reply back and say yes, and all of our bikes are on sale right now.
2907
11367939
9130
189:37
All of our bikes.
2908
11377069
1000
189:38
Are the verb to be on sale.
2909
11378069
4111
189:42
What does that mean?
2910
11382180
1210
189:43
All of our bikes are on sale.
2911
11383390
2290
189:45
Well, when something is on sale, it means it's being offered at a lower price than normal.
2912
11385680
8840
189:54
So if the bike is regularly $1000, perhaps the sale price is $800.
2913
11394520
6290
190:00
The bike is on sale now using the article awe awe sale that would just be talking about.
2914
11400810
11730
190:12
The fact.
2915
11412540
1000
190:13
That things in the store are available for purchase at a discounted price.
2916
11413540
5260
190:18
So I could say this store is having a sale this weekend.
2917
11418800
6410
190:25
So I'm not specifying specific items, I'm just saying in general, things at that store
2918
11425210
6190
190:31
are being offered are being.
2919
11431400
3379
190:34
Sold at A.
2920
11434779
1000
190:35
Lower price.
2921
11435779
1091
190:36
The store is having a big sale.
2922
11436870
2359
190:39
This weekend.
2923
11439229
1771
190:41
All their bikes are on sale, so we use On Sale to be on sale when we're specifying the
2924
11441000
8370
190:49
specific thing all of our bikes are on sale for your quiz, here are your questions.
2925
11449370
9340
190:58
Hit pause.
2926
11458710
1000
190:59
Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
2927
11459710
7380
191:07
Here are the answers.
2928
11467090
2130
191:09
Hit pause, compare your answers to these and see how well you did.
2929
11469220
5719
191:14
So how did you do with that quiz?
2930
11474939
2071
191:17
Share your score in the comments below and let's move on.
2931
11477010
3929
191:20
Let's move on and look at the difference between raise and rise.
2932
11480939
5611
191:26
Both of these are verbs, and they're both used to talk about the increase.
2933
11486550
6439
191:32
So something going up.
2934
11492989
2381
191:35
The difference between these two verbs is the sentence structure and how they're formed
2935
11495370
7270
191:42
grammatically.
2936
11502640
1000
191:43
Because raise is a transitive verb.
2937
11503640
4550
191:48
Don't let that confuse you.
2938
11508190
1330
191:49
The only thing it means is that it requires a direct object.
2939
11509520
4589
191:54
For example, in a classroom, the teacher could say.
2940
11514109
4571
191:58
If you have any questions, please raise.
2941
11518680
4620
192:03
Now Hmm is this sentence correct or incorrect?
2942
11523300
5849
192:09
Well it's incorrect because we didn't identify the direct objects.
2943
11529149
5491
192:14
So remember after raise you always raise something.
2944
11534640
6030
192:20
So in this case, the teacher would need to say If you have any questions, please raise
2945
11540670
8030
192:28
your hand.
2946
11548700
1231
192:29
So you need to identify the something which is the direct object.
2947
11549931
4449
192:34
In this case, the thing that is going up increasing is your hand.
2948
11554380
6280
192:40
Please raise your hand.
2949
11560660
3220
192:43
The verb rise, on the other hand, is an intransitive verb, which means it doesn't require a direct
2950
11563880
8859
192:52
object.
2951
11572739
1281
192:54
Now that simply means that we don't have to identify as something after the verb rise.
2952
11574020
7850
193:01
We can have a period or a comma.
2953
11581870
3260
193:05
We can end that part of the sentence.
2954
11585130
3560
193:08
For example, I could say the water.
2955
11588690
3499
193:12
Level Rose.
2956
11592189
1851
193:14
The water level rose, so of course the water level went up.
2957
11594040
4500
193:18
Rose is simply the past simple form of the verb rise.
2958
11598540
6180
193:24
Rise is an irregular verb.
2959
11604720
2219
193:26
It has an irregular past verb.
2960
11606939
3001
193:29
Which is?
2961
11609940
1000
193:30
Rose the water level.
2962
11610940
2339
193:33
Rose.
2963
11613279
1311
193:34
Now notice I can end my sentence right there.
2964
11614590
3000
193:37
I don't have to identify as something because it's intransitive.
2965
11617590
5300
193:42
Now going back to the verb raise, which is transitive, requires a direct object.
2966
11622890
7450
193:50
I could say the government raised the minimum wage.
2967
11630340
5590
193:55
The government raised increased something.
2968
11635930
4710
194:00
What did they increase?
2969
11640640
1530
194:02
The minimum wage.
2970
11642170
1670
194:03
So that means the minimum wage went up.
2971
11643840
3250
194:07
It increased, the government raised.
2972
11647090
3300
194:10
I need to identify the something the government raised the minimum wage and notice here raise
2973
11650390
7410
194:17
in the past form is a regular verb, we just add an Ed to it.
2974
11657800
5540
194:23
Now taking that same sentence and thinking about rise which is intransitive, I don't
2975
11663340
6880
194:30
need a direct object.
2976
11670220
1469
194:31
I could say the minimum wage rose.
2977
11671689
4241
194:35
Remember, rose is just the past form the minimum wage.
2978
11675930
5840
194:41
Rose.
2979
11681770
1020
194:42
Hmm.
2980
11682790
1020
194:43
So remember, something raises something, but something rises.
2981
11683810
7140
194:50
That's the sentence structure that you need to follow.
2982
11690950
4930
194:55
Now, technically these two can be used together, and I could say we raise.
2983
11695880
7700
195:03
OK, if I have the verb raise, I know I need something, We raise the flag.
2984
11703580
7930
195:11
The flag goes up.
2985
11711510
1880
195:13
We raise the flag when the sun rises.
2986
11713390
6680
195:20
When the sun rises.
2987
11720070
2380
195:22
So here because I used rise, I can end my sentence with a period because I don't need
2988
11722450
6570
195:29
to identify an object after the verb rise.
2989
11729020
5919
195:34
And notice the verb tenses of this sentence.
2990
11734939
3821
195:38
Both the verbs are in the present simple because.
2991
11738760
2599
195:41
This is a.
2992
11741359
1000
195:42
Routine action.
2993
11742359
1601
195:43
We raise the flag when the sun rises.
2994
11743960
6010
195:49
Are you ready for your quiz?
2995
11749970
1480
195:51
Here are your questions.
2996
11751450
2070
195:53
Hit, pause.
2997
11753520
1450
195:54
Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
2998
11754970
7390
196:02
Here are the answers.
2999
11762360
2440
196:04
Hit pause.
3000
11764800
1000
196:05
Compare your answers to these and see how well you did.
3001
11765800
3880
196:09
Awesome job.
3002
11769680
1950
196:11
Let's move on and look at all and every.
3003
11771630
4000
196:15
Now both of these are used with people and things.
3004
11775630
4069
196:19
They both have the same meaning.
3005
11779699
2671
196:22
The difference is the grammar.
3006
11782370
3700
196:26
So we need to look at the sentence structure.
3007
11786070
2860
196:28
The important thing to keep in mind is that we use all plus a plural noun or an uncountable
3008
11788930
9250
196:38
noun, and we use every with a singular noun.
3009
11798180
6000
196:44
This is a mistake I see from even my advanced students.
3010
11804180
4730
196:48
But it's a very easy mistake to fix, so make sure you write this down.
3011
11808910
5910
196:54
Really important.
3012
11814820
1190
196:56
Now this is a question that a student submitted.
3013
11816010
2630
196:58
Now I can say I try to reply to all questions, all questions.
3014
11818640
9080
197:07
Questions of course is a plural noun.
3015
11827720
2429
197:10
Because of that my choice is all.
3016
11830149
2731
197:12
Now I could also say I try to reply to every question.
3017
11832880
7530
197:20
Now every needs a singular noun, so I just take off the S every question.
3018
11840410
7319
197:27
Both of these have the exact same meaning.
3019
11847729
3491
197:31
There's no difference between them, and it really doesn't matter which one you use.
3020
11851220
5480
197:36
I'm sure I use both just interchangeably.
3021
11856700
3860
197:40
I would say that all puts more focus on a group, seeing the questions as one group,
3022
11860560
9870
197:50
and then every puts more focus on the individual questions, but then within a.
3023
11870430
8009
197:58
Group.
3024
11878439
1000
197:59
So there's a subtle difference of what you're focusing on, but honestly, that's such a small
3025
11879439
4871
198:04
difference.
3026
11884310
1000
198:05
I'd say that these are just used interchangeably.
3027
11885310
4490
198:09
But remember we also use all with an uncountable noun.
3028
11889800
5550
198:15
So let's take an uncountable noun that I see a lot of mistakes with, and that's the noun
3029
11895350
8030
198:23
advice.
3030
11903380
1000
198:24
Advice is uncountable, you can't put an S on it.
3031
11904380
3189
198:27
Now in that case, I need to use all even though advice doesn't have an S because it's unaccountable.
3032
11907569
9181
198:36
So I could say thanks for.
3033
11916750
2370
198:39
All.
3034
11919120
1000
198:40
The advice?
3035
11920120
1000
198:41
Thanks for.
3036
11921120
1190
198:42
All.
3037
11922310
1000
198:43
The advice okay, but there's a way that we can take our noun advice and make sure that
3038
11923310
7810
198:51
someone understands that we're talking about.
3039
11931120
2880
198:54
1.
3040
11934000
1000
198:55
And we do that by adding piece of So for advice.
3041
11935000
5290
199:00
Piece of advice.
3042
11940290
2300
199:02
That's how a native speaker specifies.
3043
11942590
2590
199:05
That it's.
3044
11945180
1040
199:06
One so in this case I could say thanks for every piece of advice.
3045
11946220
7599
199:13
You.
3046
11953819
1000
199:14
Gave me okay because peace is now our singular noun that I'm using with every not advice.
3047
11954819
11201
199:26
Because of that, I need every.
3048
11966020
3230
199:29
So make sure you pay attention to uncountable nouns.
3049
11969250
2640
199:31
Those might be just a.
3050
11971890
1780
199:33
Little trickier.
3051
11973670
2080
199:35
Now, it's very common to start your sentence with.
3052
11975750
5060
199:40
All.
3053
11980810
1000
199:41
Or every the same rules apply.
3054
11981810
3140
199:44
I could say all students need to bring their ID to the exam.
3055
11984950
6949
199:51
All students plural of course, plural noun with all.
3056
11991899
5241
199:57
And that would become every student needs to bring their ID to the exam.
3057
11997140
8520
200:05
Now notice what also changes here.
3058
12005660
3590
200:09
It's.
3059
12009250
1000
200:10
The verb in the sentence of course all students.
3060
12010250
4610
200:14
I need to conjugate my verb.
3061
12014860
2850
200:17
With.
3062
12017710
1000
200:18
They They need.
3063
12018710
2540
200:21
But but with every student I'm conjugating it as third person singular.
3064
12021250
6149
200:27
Either he or she, he needs, she needs.
3065
12027399
5580
200:32
So don't forget when all or every come at the beginning of the sentence that your verb
3066
12032979
5561
200:38
also has to match your noun.
3067
12038540
3400
200:41
So now you have everything, everything you need to fix this common mistake that I see.
3068
12041940
8210
200:50
I hope that answered your question for you.
3069
12050150
2900
200:53
Now there's one last thing for you to do and not to practice.
3070
12053050
4940
200:57
So I want you to leave an example in the comments below, 1 using all and one using every.
3071
12057990
6410
201:04
Now, just to get lots of practice, why not see if you can do an example where all and
3072
12064400
6249
201:10
every are in the middle of a sentence, and then definitely one where all and every start
3073
12070649
6170
201:16
your sentence so you can get comfortable conjugating that verb as well.
3074
12076819
4731
201:21
So that's four sentences in total.
3075
12081550
2730
201:24
Put them in the comments below.
3076
12084280
1920
201:26
Are you ready for your quiz?
3077
12086200
1880
201:28
Here are your questions.
3078
12088080
1500
201:29
Hit, pause.
3079
12089580
1330
201:30
Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play To see the answers, Here are
3080
12090910
8090
201:39
the answers.
3081
12099000
1460
201:40
Hit pause, Compare your answers to these and see how well you did.
3082
12100460
6189
201:46
Let's keep going and look at all and.
3083
12106649
3081
201:49
Whole.
3084
12109730
1110
201:50
Let's talk about how to use all and whole with time references.
3085
12110840
5399
201:56
So let's take a look at two example sentences.
3086
12116239
3441
201:59
I could say I worked all the day, I worked the whole day.
3087
12119680
7900
202:07
What do you think about these two examples?
3088
12127580
2670
202:10
Hmm, are they correct?
3089
12130250
3050
202:13
Are both of them correct?
3090
12133300
1530
202:14
Is.
3091
12134830
1000
202:15
One of them incorrect.
3092
12135830
1730
202:17
What do you think?
3093
12137560
1200
202:18
So let me know in the comments, #1 correct or incorrect and then #2 correct or incorrect.
3094
12138760
6120
202:24
So take some time, review them, pause the video if you need, and put your answer in
3095
12144880
4399
202:29
the comments.
3096
12149279
1761
202:31
So this is one of the most common mistakes that I hear from students.
3097
12151040
3949
202:34
I hear it every day.
3098
12154989
1911
202:36
And to a native speaker, it sounds very odd, unnatural, and it's definitely obvious that
3099
12156900
7110
202:44
you're still struggling with English, but it's an easy mistake to fix.
3100
12164010
5429
202:49
OK, now the mistake is with sentence number one.
3101
12169439
4661
202:54
Sentence number.
3102
12174100
1540
202:55
Two is correct.
3103
12175640
1860
202:57
I worked.
3104
12177500
1000
202:58
The whole day.
3105
12178500
1199
202:59
Woohoo.
3106
12179699
1061
203:00
That's a great sentence.
3107
12180760
1261
203:02
Add it to your vocabulary.
3108
12182021
2449
203:04
Sentence number one.
3109
12184470
1000
203:05
I worked all the day.
3110
12185470
2250
203:07
This sentence is incorrect.
3111
12187720
1960
203:09
Now it's a minor mistake.
3112
12189680
2560
203:12
Do you know what the mistake is?
3113
12192240
2110
203:14
If you do, put it in the comments, just try.
3114
12194350
3710
203:18
It's really important that you try to understand the mistakes because it shows that you understand
3115
12198060
5980
203:24
English at that deeper level.
3116
12204040
2290
203:26
So really try to think about this.
3117
12206330
2200
203:28
I worked.
3118
12208530
1230
203:29
All.
3119
12209760
1000
203:30
The day, in this case, we.
3120
12210760
2160
203:32
Simply need to get.
3121
12212920
1460
203:34
Rid.
3122
12214380
1000
203:35
Of one word.
3123
12215380
1420
203:36
When we do that, the sentence will be great and the only thing we need to get rid of is
3124
12216800
5170
203:41
the article I worked.
3125
12221970
3450
203:45
All day.
3126
12225420
1729
203:47
Woohoo.
3127
12227149
1130
203:48
Now it sounds like a perfect sentence, so it's a minor change.
3128
12228279
4621
203:52
So now you just need to remember the sentence structure.
3129
12232900
3320
203:56
The sentence structure is all plus time reference, but the other structure is.
3130
12236220
5340
204:01
The whole plus.
3131
12241560
1370
204:02
Time reference.
3132
12242930
1700
204:04
Now these are interchangeable.
3133
12244630
2370
204:07
It doesn't matter which one you use.
3134
12247000
3300
204:10
So I could say I cleaned my house all day, or I clean my house the whole day and they're
3135
12250300
8090
204:18
exactly the same, meaning, OK?
3136
12258390
3790
204:22
And we don't have to use day.
3137
12262180
2230
204:24
We could use any time reference.
3138
12264410
2651
204:27
So I could say I cleaned all morning, all afternoon, all evening, all week, all month,
3139
12267061
8309
204:35
all weekend, all summer, all year, all semester, so many different things that we can use for
3140
12275370
12010
204:47
our time reference.
3141
12287380
1250
204:48
And because of that, this is a very common expression and we can use different verb tenses
3142
12288630
6390
204:55
as well.
3143
12295020
1000
204:56
I could say I've been trying to find a job.
3144
12296020
3959
204:59
All.
3145
12299979
1000
205:00
Year.
3146
12300979
1000
205:01
I've been researching this topic the whole summer, so we can definitely use different
3147
12301979
7981
205:09
verb tenses.
3148
12309960
1130
205:11
You can play around with the subject, the verb and the time reference, but just make
3149
12311090
5450
205:16
sure it's all time reference or the whole plus time reference.
3150
12316540
6340
205:22
So it's a very easy fix, but it's a common mistake, and one that sounds really bad, awkward
3151
12322880
7960
205:30
and unnatural when a native speaker hears it.
3152
12330840
2920
205:33
So now you've fixed that mistake.
3153
12333760
2570
205:36
All you need to do is practice.
3154
12336330
2190
205:38
So leave 2 examples in the comments below, 1 using all and the time reference and the
3155
12338520
6650
205:45
other one using the whole and a time reference.
3156
12345170
3779
205:48
Make it more advanced.
3157
12348949
1612
205:50
Change your subject, change your verb, and change your time reference as well, just to
3158
12350561
4519
205:55
get lots of additional practice.
3159
12355080
2000
205:57
Are you ready for your quiz?
3160
12357080
1890
205:58
Here are your questions.
3161
12358970
2070
206:01
Hit pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the
3162
12361040
5930
206:06
answers.
3163
12366970
2500
206:09
Here are the answers.
3164
12369470
1590
206:11
Hit pause.
3165
12371060
1759
206:12
Compare your answers to these and see how well you did this.
3166
12372819
5061
206:17
Next one even confuses native speakers, and that's the difference between advice and advise.
3167
12377880
6689
206:24
Now, there are two huge differences between these two words, the first one being the part
3168
12384569
7731
206:32
of speech.
3169
12392300
1800
206:34
Advice with AC is a noun and advice with an S is a verb, so they have the same meaning.
3170
12394100
10860
206:44
They're both used to talk about recommendations or opinions on the best course of action.
3171
12404960
8680
206:53
But how they're used Because one's a noun and one's a verb is very different.
3172
12413640
5679
206:59
So let's take a look at the noun advice.
3173
12419319
3580
207:02
Here is an example sentence.
3174
12422899
1880
207:04
Can I give you some advice?
3175
12424779
2450
207:07
Can I give you some advice?
3176
12427229
1760
207:08
Now here, notice that advice is singular.
3177
12428989
3910
207:12
Advice is always singular.
3178
12432899
4000
207:16
It never takes a plural form.
3179
12436899
4281
207:21
That's one of the most common mistakes I see.
3180
12441180
3139
207:24
In the comments.
3181
12444319
1151
207:25
Section is a lot of students say thanks Jennifer for the advices That doesn't exist as a word
3182
12445470
8969
207:34
in English.
3183
12454439
1241
207:35
OK, so get that out of your vocabulary right now and remember that it's always singular.
3184
12455680
7330
207:43
It can still take a plural possessive Like some some advice?
3185
12463010
7440
207:50
Can I give you some advice now?
3186
12470450
2100
207:52
Because this is always singular, we do have an expression to identify that it's just one,
3187
12472550
9269
208:01
and that's by using a piece of advice.
3188
12481819
3492
208:05
A piece of advice.
3189
12485311
2619
208:07
We use this because a piece of is what shows you that it's.
3190
12487930
6099
208:14
Just.
3191
12494029
1000
208:15
One okay, because we don't know when I say thanks for the advice.
3192
12495029
5851
208:20
It could be one or it could be more than one because advice never takes a plural form.
3193
12500880
7380
208:28
So to get around that we use a piece of so I might say, can I give you a piece of advice?
3194
12508260
8420
208:36
And that lets you know I have one thing to say to you now.
3195
12516680
5540
208:42
Otherwise, if I want to identify that as plural, remember I used some.
3196
12522220
4900
208:47
Can I give you some advice?
3197
12527120
2159
208:49
Now I'm going to say two or more things to you.
3198
12529279
4981
208:54
So that's advice.
3199
12534260
2519
208:56
Now let's talk about advise.
3200
12536779
2370
208:59
Advise with an S is a verb, like I already said.
3201
12539149
5391
209:04
Now as a verb it's going to come after the subject, so I could say the lawyer advised
3202
12544540
8409
209:12
the client.
3203
12552949
1651
209:14
Now remember, as a verb, it's going to be conjugated.
3204
12554600
4650
209:19
So here is conjugated in the past.
3205
12559250
2680
209:21
Simple, the lawyer advised the client.
3206
12561930
3460
209:25
Now, thinking about this advice, notice I just switched to the noun form.
3207
12565390
6400
209:31
The noun form.
3208
12571790
1170
209:32
It's a thing, so imagine advice as a physical thing.
3209
12572960
5090
209:38
So the advice the.
3210
12578050
1690
209:39
Lawyer.
3211
12579740
1000
209:40
Gave the client OK, so thinking about the advice the lawyer gave the client, the client
3212
12580740
6699
209:47
could say we.
3213
12587439
1411
209:48
Were.
3214
12588850
1040
209:49
Advised to take the deal.
3215
12589890
2711
209:52
We were advised to take the deal.
3216
12592601
2739
209:55
So here I'm conjugating it in the passive form.
3217
12595340
3760
209:59
So just remember that advice is a verb and it's going to be conjugated.
3218
12599100
5440
210:04
So you'll see.
3219
12604540
1000
210:05
It in different forms, so that's the first major difference is how they're used in parts
3220
12605540
6690
210:12
of speech.
3221
12612230
1259
210:13
To summarize, advice with AC is a noun, always singular and advised.
3222
12613489
6191
210:19
With an S is a verb.
3223
12619680
2900
210:22
It's conjugated with the subject and the time reference.
3224
12622580
3990
210:26
Now the other major difference.
3225
12626570
3350
210:29
Maybe you already noticed it.
3226
12629920
2290
210:32
I hope you did, but it's the pronunciation.
3227
12632210
3800
210:36
The pronunciation is very different, and there's only one thing that changes in the pronunciation.
3228
12636010
8040
210:44
Do you know what that is?
3229
12644050
1450
210:45
It's the sound of the C and the sound of the S OK, that's it.
3230
12645500
7570
210:53
So both of these are stressed on the 2nd syllable.
3231
12653070
5249
210:58
Advice, advise, advice, advise, advise.
3232
12658319
5131
211:03
Advice.
3233
12663450
1020
211:04
Advise.
3234
12664470
1019
211:05
So the second syllable is the one you hear louder and longer.
3235
12665489
4361
211:09
But let's take a look at the noun advice.
3236
12669850
4620
211:14
So notice that C is being pronounced as an S advice.
3237
12674470
8830
211:23
It ends on the F advice.
3238
12683300
3599
211:26
Now what about advise?
3239
12686899
3090
211:29
Our verb?
3240
12689989
3080
211:33
Our verb is pronounced as a.
3241
12693069
4151
211:37
So the difference is that our vocal chords are engaged and it's a stressed sound.
3242
12697220
5880
211:43
So you can think of it more as a zed sound advise.
3243
12703100
4929
211:48
So you have to get your vocal chords engaged.
3244
12708029
3641
211:51
So the difference between us, the S is at my lips.
3245
12711670
7120
211:58
It's unvoiced.
3246
12718790
1000
211:59
The.
3247
12719790
1000
212:00
The.
3248
12720790
1000
212:01
Zed is in my throat.
3249
12721790
1000
212:02
My vocal cords are engaged.
3250
12722790
1399
212:04
It's voice.
3251
12724189
1121
212:05
Advice, advise, advice, advise.
3252
12725310
4490
212:09
So the pronunciation is very different.
3253
12729800
3080
212:12
So now you know the difference between advice and advise and you can use them confidently
3254
12732880
5420
212:18
in your speech.
3255
12738300
1370
212:19
So now you have to practice.
3256
12739670
1950
212:21
I want you to leave two sentences in the comments below, of course, one with advice and one
3257
12741620
5681
212:27
with advise.
3258
12747301
1559
212:28
Are you ready for your quiz?
3259
12748860
1890
212:30
Here are your questions.
3260
12750750
1590
212:32
Hit, pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the
3261
12752340
6420
212:38
answers.
3262
12758760
2500
212:41
Here are the answers.
3263
12761260
1870
212:43
Hit pause, Compare your answers to these and see how well you did.
3264
12763130
5809
212:48
I see mistakes with this one a lot.
3265
12768939
2931
212:51
Now let's look at bring and take.
3266
12771870
3250
212:55
Now of course, both of these are verbs, so you need to think about verb conjugation,
3267
12775120
5350
213:00
and they're used to talk about movement, movement of both.
3268
12780470
4950
213:05
People.
3269
12785420
1059
213:06
Or.
3270
12786479
1071
213:07
Things.
3271
12787550
1070
213:08
So let's look at two example sentences.
3272
12788620
3220
213:11
I could say bring your passport with you, or I could say take your passport with you.
3273
12791840
10681
213:22
Now what's the difference between these two sentences?
3274
12802521
4579
213:27
The thing you need to remember is that bring is used to talk about movement towards and
3275
12807100
9910
213:37
take is used to talk about movement away.
3276
12817010
5639
213:42
Now how do you know if it's movement towards or movement away?
3277
12822649
6201
213:48
It simply depends on your reference point.
3278
12828850
4660
213:53
So in this case, if I said bring your passport with you, so I didn't complete the sentence
3279
12833510
8639
214:02
but it could be bring your passport with you to the airport.
3280
12842149
6151
214:08
So you can think about where your passport is going is going towards the airport.
3281
12848300
8920
214:17
Our only reference point for location is the airport.
3282
12857220
5580
214:22
Now I could say take your passport with you when you leave.
3283
12862800
7530
214:30
The.
3284
12870330
1070
214:31
House.
3285
12871400
1070
214:32
So in this case our reference point is the house and the passport is going away from
3286
12872470
8190
214:40
the house.
3287
12880660
1909
214:42
Take your passport with you when you leave the house.
3288
12882569
3891
214:46
But remember, in my original examples I didn't include either reference point and it's common
3289
12886460
7250
214:53
that we don't because it's obvious based on context.
3290
12893710
4720
214:58
So if I'm standing in the house and I say to you, take your passport with you as you're
3291
12898430
8599
215:07
leaving, it's obvious that it means when you leave the house, right?
3292
12907029
6191
215:13
Or if we're thinking about going to the airport and I say bring your passport with you, the
3293
12913220
7130
215:20
location is obvious.
3294
12920350
1350
215:21
So a lot of times it's just there based on context and it's not explicitly stated.
3295
12921700
6290
215:27
Now, in many cases, take and bring can be used interchangeably without a difference
3296
12927990
8340
215:36
in meaning or without a miscommunication.
3297
12936330
3420
215:39
So let's imagine that this is a report and I'm talking to a colleague if I said take
3298
12939750
7200
215:46
the report with you.
3299
12946950
1960
215:48
Or.
3300
12948910
1000
215:49
Bring.
3301
12949910
1000
215:50
The.
3302
12950910
1000
215:51
Report with you, it doesn't really matter because ultimately the report is moving and
3303
12951910
6300
215:58
that's the only thing that matters.
3304
12958210
3090
216:01
But let's think of another example where there is a specific time you need to use one or
3305
12961300
7950
216:09
the other.
3306
12969250
1660
216:10
Let's imagine that you're in a restaurant and you don't have a menu.
3307
12970910
7680
216:18
OK, so you call the server and you say, excuse me, can you bring me a menu?
3308
12978590
11370
216:29
Can you bring me a menu?
3309
12989960
2790
216:32
That's the only available choice because of course, the menu is moving towards you.
3310
12992750
7510
216:40
Can you bring me a menu?
3311
13000260
3050
216:43
So the server brings you a menu.
3312
13003310
2270
216:45
You order your meal.
3313
13005580
1760
216:47
Now 20 minutes later, you're finished.
3314
13007340
2530
216:49
The server comes to your table.
3315
13009870
2470
216:52
She looks at your dishes that are now empty and she says can I take those?
3316
13012340
8430
217:00
And in this case take is the only available choice because the dishes are going to move
3317
13020770
8060
217:08
away from the table.
3318
13028830
3499
217:12
So just remember that there are times when only one option is available and it simply
3319
13032329
6581
217:18
depends on the direction of the movement.
3320
13038910
3540
217:22
If it's towards we use bring and if it's the way we use take.
3321
13042450
8039
217:30
So that's all you need to know to feel confident using the verbs bring and take.
3322
13050489
5490
217:35
So now it's your turn to practice.
3323
13055979
2122
217:38
Leave 2 examples in the comments below.
3324
13058101
3718
217:41
Remember these are verbs so you need to conjugate them with your subject and your verb tense
3325
13061819
5691
217:47
and one example using take and one example using bring.
3326
13067510
4830
217:52
Leave them in the comments below.
3327
13072340
1710
217:54
Are you ready for your quiz?
3328
13074050
1399
217:55
Here are your questions.
3329
13075449
2080
217:57
Hit pause.
3330
13077529
1521
217:59
Take as much much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
3331
13079050
7389
218:06
Here are the answers.
3332
13086439
1891
218:08
Hit pause.
3333
13088330
1470
218:09
Compare your answers to these and see how well you did.
3334
13089800
4450
218:14
Do you know the difference between bother and disturb?
3335
13094250
3330
218:17
Let's find out now.
3336
13097580
2569
218:20
First we'll look at them in the context of interrupt.
3337
13100149
4011
218:24
So let's say that you want to talk to your professor at school and he's in his office
3338
13104160
7970
218:32
and you're not sure if he's busy.
3339
13112130
4050
218:36
So you can knock on the door and you can say sorry to.
3340
13116180
7940
218:44
Now what would we want?
3341
13124120
2100
218:46
Bother or disturb?
3342
13126220
1000
218:47
Sorry to bother you, but sorry to disturb you.
3343
13127220
9250
218:56
But what do you guys think?
3344
13136470
2040
218:58
Bother or disturb?
3345
13138510
2120
219:00
Well, in this case of interrupt, they're interchangeable.
3346
13140630
6229
219:06
They have the same meaning.
3347
13146859
2090
219:08
OK, so you can use either one and there's no difference.
3348
13148949
4791
219:13
The only thing that I notice is that.
3349
13153740
3920
219:17
Disturb.
3350
13157660
1000
219:18
It's more formal and bother just sounds a little more casual.
3351
13158660
6159
219:24
Sorry to bother you, but I have a question.
3352
13164819
3341
219:28
Sorry to disturb you, but I wanted to ask you a question now.
3353
13168160
5890
219:34
I think the majority of people are using it in this specific context.
3354
13174050
5220
219:39
However, we do have some other ways that we can use the verbs to bother or to disturb,
3355
13179270
7820
219:47
so let's quickly discuss those.
3356
13187090
2360
219:49
The verb bother also means to annoy or to cause problems for and the sentence structure
3357
13189450
7850
219:57
would be someone or something bothers someone.
3358
13197300
4510
220:01
For example, let's say I work in an open space with lots of people around me, but I like
3359
13201810
8169
220:09
listening to music while I work.
3360
13209979
2691
220:12
I don't like wearing headphones, so I'm playing music.
3361
13212670
4380
220:17
Out loud at my computer, even though there are other people around.
3362
13217050
4689
220:21
Now, maybe I could be respectful of the other people and I could ask them, oh, is my music
3363
13221739
9071
220:30
bothering you?
3364
13230810
1230
220:32
Is my music bothering you in that sense?
3365
13232040
3330
220:35
Annoying you or causing problems for you?
3366
13235370
5200
220:40
Is my music Remember, something bothers someone?
3367
13240570
3090
220:43
My music?
3368
13243660
1460
220:45
Is my music bothering you?
3369
13245120
3340
220:48
So that's a really great question you could ask.
3370
13248460
2439
220:50
Now.
3371
13250899
1000
220:51
You could also make a statement about your coworkers, for example.
3372
13251899
4091
220:55
This is a common situation where you would use this verb.
3373
13255990
3610
220:59
Let's say one of your coworkers whistles all the time while they're working.
3374
13259600
5589
221:05
I wish I could demonstrate whistling to you, but actually I don't know how to whistle.
3375
13265189
5031
221:10
I'll try.
3376
13270220
3370
221:13
That's literally the best I can do.
3377
13273590
2130
221:15
I've tried so many times to whistle and I just don't know how.
3378
13275720
5139
221:20
So now you know something weird about me.
3379
13280859
1611
221:22
I can't whistle okay.
3380
13282470
2290
221:24
So let's say your coworker whistles all the time while they work and then you could just
3381
13284760
6519
221:31
make a statement and say, oh, his whistling really bothers me.
3382
13291279
5781
221:37
His whistling really bothers me in the sense of it annoys you or causes problems for you.
3383
13297060
8440
221:45
In that case we wouldn't use disturb.
3384
13305500
3700
221:49
Disturb doesn't really have the same meaning.
3385
13309200
2480
221:51
It sounds a little odd to use it.
3386
13311680
2500
221:54
So in this specific case of something or someone bothers someone, we would use bother.
3387
13314180
8580
222:02
So let us know in the comments what's something that bothers you, hmm?
3388
13322760
7480
222:10
Let us know.
3389
13330240
1000
222:11
In the comments now we also have a specific way of using disturb and we use disturb specifically
3390
13331240
9419
222:20
with ones sleep and it has the same meaning as interrupt like we saw with our original
3391
13340659
7971
222:28
example.
3392
13348630
1570
222:30
But we use it in the sense of interrupt ones sleep and that's why whenever you go to a
3393
13350200
6409
222:36
hotel, the signs say do not disturb the little sign you can put on your door in the morning
3394
13356609
9071
222:45
to let them know to.
3395
13365680
1620
222:47
Leave you.
3396
13367300
1000
222:48
Alone.
3397
13368300
1000
222:49
Those signs always say do not disturb.
3398
13369300
2979
222:52
They don't say do not bother.
3399
13372279
2931
222:55
I've never seen a sign with bother.
3400
13375210
2930
222:58
It's always disturb, and that's because they're talking about your sleep.
3401
13378140
6040
223:04
For example, let's say you come home and then your mother tells you close the door quietly.
3402
13384180
8750
223:12
I don't want to disturb.
3403
13392930
2610
223:15
Your brother.
3404
13395540
1000
223:16
Okay.
3405
13396540
1000
223:17
So you would have to imagine in that case your brother is sleeping.
3406
13397540
4540
223:22
I don't want to disturb your brother now.
3407
13402080
3319
223:25
If your brother is doing a different activity like let's say studying, in that case you
3408
13405399
8750
223:34
could use disturb or bother interchangeably and in that case again disturb is a little
3409
13414149
8231
223:42
more formal, bother is a little more casual.
3410
13422380
4320
223:46
Disturb also sounds a little more serious as well.
3411
13426700
3980
223:50
But specific to sleeping, we would use disturb, and now you know the difference between bother
3412
13430680
7110
223:57
and disturb.
3413
13437790
1000
223:58
Remember, before you go, leave your example in the comments of something or someone that
3414
13438790
5909
224:04
bothers you and see if you can leave an example with disturb as well.
3415
13444699
5731
224:10
Just to practice, Are you ready for your quiz?
3416
13450430
3710
224:14
Here are your questions.
3417
13454140
1589
224:15
Hit pause.
3418
13455729
1521
224:17
Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
3419
13457250
7390
224:24
Here are the answers.
3420
13464640
2139
224:26
Hit pause.
3421
13466779
1000
224:27
Compare your answers to these and see how well you did.
3422
13467779
4691
224:32
So how did you do with that quiz?
3423
13472470
2210
224:34
Share your score in the comments below and let's move on.
3424
13474680
3860
224:38
Let's talk about maybe and perhaps.
3425
13478540
2860
224:41
Now, first of all, you need to know that these are adverbs, and we use both of them when
3426
13481400
7160
224:48
we think that something is possible but not 100% certain.
3427
13488560
6370
224:54
Now, although they both mean the same thing, maybe it's more casual in tone, it's more
3428
13494930
7009
225:01
conversational, and perhaps it's more formal, more academic.
3429
13501939
6991
225:08
Maybe it's more commonly used now.
3430
13508930
3090
225:12
The other difference is the sentence structure.
3431
13512020
4959
225:16
Maybe we can use this at the beginning of a sentence.
3432
13516979
4861
225:21
So I could say maybe I'll go to the party, maybe I'll go to the party.
3433
13521840
8040
225:29
So this is when it's possible.
3434
13529880
2920
225:32
It's possible I'll go to the party, but it's not 100% sure.
3435
13532800
5880
225:38
So I'm between yes, I'll go to the party and no, I won't go to the party.
3436
13538680
6380
225:45
I'm between them, maybe.
3437
13545060
2799
225:47
I'll go to the.
3438
13547859
1620
225:49
Party.
3439
13549479
1071
225:50
Another example, let's say your friend says Have you seen my phone?
3440
13550550
5030
225:55
And you could reply back and you could say maybe you left it in the.
3441
13555580
5199
226:00
Car.
3442
13560779
1000
226:01
So here your friend doesn't know 100% that you left it in the car.
3443
13561779
6380
226:08
It's simply a possibility.
3444
13568159
2250
226:10
Maybe.
3445
13570409
1091
226:11
You were just.
3446
13571500
1130
226:12
In the car.
3447
13572630
1000
226:13
A short while ago, maybe you were just in the car.
3448
13573630
4010
226:17
Again, it's not 100% certain, it's just a possibility.
3449
13577640
5070
226:22
Your friend could say maybe you left it in the car and notice that placement is at the
3450
13582710
5470
226:28
beginning of the sentence.
3451
13588180
2299
226:30
Now we can also use maybe as a one word.
3452
13590479
3791
226:34
Reply.
3453
13594270
1000
226:35
Which is very commonly used in conversations.
3454
13595270
3740
226:39
So using our same example, your friend says have you seen my phone?
3455
13599010
5040
226:44
And then you could ask a question.
3456
13604050
1870
226:45
You could say, did you leave it in the car?
3457
13605920
3309
226:49
And then you could reply back and say maybe, maybe.
3458
13609229
6081
226:55
And of course, as a full sentence that would be maybe I left it in the car.
3459
13615310
5030
227:00
It's possible, I don't know 100%, but it's possible.
3460
13620340
5130
227:05
Maybe I left it in the car.
3461
13625470
1860
227:07
Or simply maybe.
3462
13627330
2300
227:09
Are you going to the party tonight?
3463
13629630
2370
227:12
Maybe.
3464
13632000
1340
227:13
Maybe I'll go to the party tonight.
3465
13633340
2420
227:15
So remember we have these two options for placement at the beginning of the sentence
3466
13635760
4760
227:20
or as a one word.
3467
13640520
1560
227:22
Reply.
3468
13642080
1000
227:23
Which of?
3469
13643080
1000
227:24
Course could be turned into a full sentence where maybe is at the beginning.
3470
13644080
4480
227:28
Now let's take a look at some examples using perhaps.
3471
13648560
3820
227:32
Perhaps it means the exact same thing, but remember it's just more formal and it's not
3472
13652380
6410
227:38
as commonly used.
3473
13658790
1950
227:40
There's one other difference.
3474
13660740
1770
227:42
We can also use perhaps in the middle of a sentence as well.
3475
13662510
5389
227:47
We can use it at the beginning, the middle, and also a one word reply.
3476
13667899
6540
227:54
So structurally, perhaps has more flexibility than maybe.
3477
13674439
4630
227:59
Now, at the beginning of the sentence, I could say perhaps I'll go to the party tonight.
3478
13679069
7170
228:06
Perhaps I'll go to the party.
3479
13686239
1851
228:08
OK, same thing as maybe just it does sound more formal to me when I hear perhaps maybe
3480
13688090
7260
228:15
is more common.
3481
13695350
1520
228:16
Again, as a one word reply, are you going to the party tonight?
3482
13696870
4789
228:21
Perhaps.
3483
13701659
1000
228:22
Perhaps I'll go to the party tonight.
3484
13702659
3080
228:25
Again, just a little more formal.
3485
13705739
3381
228:29
Now here's something we can do with perhaps that we can't do with maybe.
3486
13709120
4960
228:34
And that's to use it in the middle of a sentence.
3487
13714080
3810
228:37
And I could say I'll perhaps go to the party tonight.
3488
13717890
4260
228:42
I'll perhaps.
3489
13722150
1730
228:43
Go to the.
3490
13723880
1000
228:44
Party tonight.
3491
13724880
1220
228:46
So if you wanted to use maybe in that case you would just need to change the placement
3492
13726100
4620
228:50
and put it at the beginning and say maybe I'll go to the party tonight.
3493
13730720
4631
228:55
To summarize, both maybe and perhaps have the same meaning as when something is possible
3494
13735351
7199
229:02
but not 100%.
3495
13742550
2479
229:05
We can use maybe at the beginning or as a one word reply.
3496
13745029
5080
229:10
We can use perhaps at the beginning, the middle and a one word reply.
3497
13750109
5571
229:15
Maybe is more conversational, more commonly used, and perhaps is more formal.
3498
13755680
5940
229:21
And now you know.
3499
13761620
1680
229:23
How to?
3500
13763300
1000
229:24
Use maybe?
3501
13764300
1000
229:25
And perhaps so, of course.
3502
13765300
1590
229:26
I want you.
3503
13766890
1000
229:27
To practice.
3504
13767890
1190
229:29
So leave a comment and make sure you practice using maybe and perhaps Now.
3505
13769080
6119
229:35
See if you can use perhaps in the middle of a sentence as well.
3506
13775199
4821
229:40
Remember that's only possible with perhaps, so put your examples in the comments below.
3507
13780020
5220
229:45
Are you ready for your quiz?
3508
13785240
1890
229:47
Here are your questions.
3509
13787130
1559
229:48
Hit pause.
3510
13788689
1550
229:50
Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
3511
13790239
7401
229:57
Here are the answers.
3512
13797640
2130
229:59
Hit pause.
3513
13799770
1000
230:00
Compare your answers to these and see how well you did.
3514
13800770
4700
230:05
Now let's review our final word pair, the one that even confuses native speakers, the
3515
13805470
6410
230:11
one I see lots of mistakes with, and that's the difference between farther and further.
3516
13811880
6399
230:18
Now, both of these are adverbs, and they're both used to talk about something that's to
3517
13818279
7691
230:25
a greater distance or degree, so they can be used as the same meaning.
3518
13825970
7389
230:33
So.
3519
13833359
1000
230:34
What's the?
3520
13834359
1281
230:35
Difference the.
3521
13835640
1540
230:37
Easiest way to remember the difference between these two and which one you need in your sentence
3522
13837180
7000
230:44
is to remember that farther is used for physical distance, and the way you can remember that
3523
13844180
10590
230:54
is farther has the word far, far, and far is used for physical distance, so that's a
3524
13854770
9990
231:04
great way to remember this one.
3525
13864760
2929
231:07
Now if farther is used for physical distance, further is used for metaphorical or figurative
3526
13867689
9691
231:17
distance.
3527
13877380
2340
231:19
This is best explained using an example, of course.
3528
13879720
4460
231:24
So let's imagine that you're going on a road trip with your kids.
3529
13884180
5910
231:30
OK, now you're driving, you're driving, you're driving.
3530
13890090
3710
231:33
A road trip is when you go from one destination to another destination by car.
3531
13893800
6880
231:40
And it's generally a long trip, so maybe 12 to 24 hours driving, or maybe even longer.
3532
13900680
9960
231:50
So you're on this road trip with your kids.
3533
13910640
2950
231:53
And of course, your kids are going to ask you how much farther, farther.
3534
13913590
8580
232:02
So physical distance, you're at point A, and they want to know how much farther until you
3535
13922170
9670
232:11
get to your final destination, Point B.
3536
13931840
3710
232:15
Physical distance, How much farther?
3537
13935550
3189
232:18
How much farther do we have to go?
3538
13938739
2851
232:21
How much farther do we have to drive?
3539
13941590
3290
232:24
So you tell your kids that you still have 12 hours left.
3540
13944880
5040
232:29
It's a long road trip.
3541
13949920
1670
232:31
So you're driving.
3542
13951590
1000
232:32
You're driving.
3543
13952590
1000
232:33
You're driving.
3544
13953590
1000
232:34
Now you get to this point where you can't drive any.
3545
13954590
5439
232:40
Farther.
3546
13960029
1420
232:41
You can't drive any farther, so physical distance.
3547
13961449
5660
232:47
So let's imagine you get to a construction site and the road is blocked off.
3548
13967109
6040
232:53
You can't drive any farther.
3549
13973149
1901
232:55
Now you see there's a police officer and you want to get some information about what's
3550
13975050
6690
233:01
going on.
3551
13981740
1080
233:02
So you ask the police officer why the road is closed and he tells you that there's construction.
3552
13982820
6999
233:09
He gives you a short answer.
3553
13989819
2111
233:11
OK, so now you can ask him, do you have any further information?
3554
13991930
6860
233:18
Do you have any further information?
3555
13998790
3739
233:22
Because you want information beyond what he gave you, greater than the degree that he
3556
14002529
8151
233:30
gave you.
3557
14010680
1000
233:31
So further, because we're not talking about physical distance, this is metaphorical.
3558
14011680
6450
233:38
Do you have any further information?
3559
14018130
2330
233:40
Now?
3560
14020460
1000
233:41
The police officer could give you a few more details and then he could ask you do you have
3561
14021460
6590
233:48
any further questions?
3562
14028050
1960
233:50
Same thing.
3563
14030010
2290
233:52
It's like saying do you have any more questions, do you have any more information?
3564
14032300
4830
233:57
Further, and it's not physical distance, so that's the easiest trick to remember them
3565
14037130
8500
234:05
farther is with physical distance.
3566
14045630
2939
234:08
Now, just keep in mind that native speakers confuse these all the time and often use them
3567
14048569
8171
234:16
interchangeably.
3568
14056740
1980
234:18
So if you're ever in doubt and you don't know which one to use, I recommend using.
3569
14058720
6330
234:25
Further.
3570
14065050
1000
234:26
Further, because it's the more common choice and it's more likely to be grammatically correct
3571
14066050
8189
234:34
in a sentence, so you have better odds using further.
3572
14074239
4351
234:38
So if it's clear that it's physical distance used farther.
3573
14078590
3810
234:42
If you're not sure, I suggest just using further.
3574
14082400
4340
234:46
So now you know the difference between farther and further, and you probably know more than
3575
14086740
6540
234:53
a native speaker right now.
3576
14093280
2430
234:55
So before you believe it's time to practice, I want you to leave 2 examples in the comments
3577
14095710
5210
235:00
below.
3578
14100920
1000
235:01
Of course, one with farther and one with further.
3579
14101920
3000
235:04
Are you ready for your quiz?
3580
14104920
1880
235:06
Here are your questions.
3581
14106800
1599
235:08
Hit pause.
3582
14108399
1521
235:09
Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
3583
14109920
7380
235:17
Here are the answers.
3584
14117300
2150
235:19
Hit pause.
3585
14119450
1000
235:20
Compare your answers to these and see how well you did.
3586
14120450
4480
235:24
You did an amazing job.
3587
14124930
2590
235:27
Now you've corrected all the most common mistakes that even advanced students make with these
3588
14127520
6240
235:33
confusing English words.
3589
14133760
2210
235:35
Congratulations now make sure you get this free speaking guide where I share 6 tips on
3590
14135970
4360
235:40
how to speak English fluently and confidently.
3591
14140330
2710
235:43
You can click here to download it or look for the link in the description.
3592
14143040
4060
235:47
And in this lesson we focus on your English vocabulary.
3593
14147100
3059
235:50
So why don't you start working on your listening skills with this lesson?
3594
14150159
4391
235:54
You can watch it right now.
3595
14154550
1510
About this website

This site will introduce you to YouTube videos that are useful for learning English. You will see English lessons taught by top-notch teachers from around the world. Double-click on the English subtitles displayed on each video page to play the video from there. The subtitles scroll in sync with the video playback. If you have any comments or requests, please contact us using this contact form.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7