English Vocabulary 2020 | "Ought" "Should" OR "Must" | Go Natural English

14,131 views ใƒป 2016-11-09

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ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hello Go Natural English learner, how's it going?
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Hello Go ่‡ช็„ถใช่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใ€่ชฟๅญใฏใฉใ†๏ผŸ
00:04
I'm your teacher, Gabby, and in this free lesson we're going to take
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ€ใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒ“ใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใฎ็„กๆ–™ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใง
00:08
a look at three often-confused words
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ๆททๅŒใ•ใ‚ŒใŒใกใช 3 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชž
00:12
in English grammar: ought, should and must.
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ใ€oughtใ€shouldใ€must ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:16
When do we use these and what's the difference? I'm going to walk
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ„ใคไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
00:20
you through three different examples and show you
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3 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ไพ‹ใ‚’็ดนไป‹
00:24
how our meaning changes when we use each one and
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ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹
00:28
if even makes sense to use each one of
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ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—
00:32
these. So if you want to learn more, keep watching.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅผ•ใ็ถšใ่ฆ–่ดใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:36
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00:36
Now let's take
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00:36
a look at the first example: Eat breakfast.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏ
ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†: ๆœ้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ€‚
00:40
Now we know that it's a good idea to eat breakfast.
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ไปŠใ€็งใŸใกใฏๆœ้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใฎใŒ่‰ฏใ„่€ƒใˆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
00:44
So I could say, "You ought to eat
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœ้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ในใ
00:48
breakfast. That's grammatically correct. However,
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
00:52
nobody says "ought" anymore.
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ใ‚‚ใ†่ชฐใ‚‚ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
00:56
At least in American English, as you know I'm American, I'm from the
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ใ€‚ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็งใฏใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบใงใ™ใ€‚็งใฏใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซๅ‡บ่บซใงใ™ใ€‚
01:00
United States, no one in my lifetime has ever
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็งใฎ็”Ÿๆถฏใฏ
01:04
said the word "ought" and been serious
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ใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰
01:08
about it. We might say the word "ought" to
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ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ็œŸๅ‰ฃใซ่€ƒใˆใฆใใพใ—ใŸ. ็งใŸใกใฏใ€็Šถๆณใ‚„ไบบใ‚’ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ†ใŸใ‚ใซใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
01:12
make fun of a situation or a person.
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.
01:16
"Ought" is usually old English.
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ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ๅคใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ™. ่‡ช็„ถ
01:20
If you want to sound
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ใซ่žใ“ใˆใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
01:24
natural, don't use the word "ought."
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ใ€ใƒ‰ใƒณ ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ‚ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:28
Should. You should eat breakfast. I should eat breakfast.
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ใ™ในใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœ้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€‚็งใฏๆœ้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
01:32
That sounds great to me. I think it's true.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใซใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:36
Should is a recommendation. Ideally
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ใ™ในใใฏๆŽจๅฅจไบ‹้ …ใงใ™ใ€‚็†ๆƒณ็š„ใซใฏใ€
01:40
you should eat breakfast. But I know sometimes we get busy
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœ้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใฏๆ™‚ใ€…ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:44
maybe you wake up late, maybe you don't have time to eat breakfast
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่ตทใใ‚‹ใฎใŒ้…ใใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๆœ้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใชใใฆ
01:48
and that's OK. You won't die.
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ใ‚‚ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚ๆญปใฌใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚็ทŠๆ€ฅไบ‹ๆ…‹ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
01:52
It's not an emergency. It's not a horrible thing
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ใ€‚ๆœ้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใง
01:56
if you don't eat breakfast. That's why I probably wouldn't say "You
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ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸ
02:00
must eat breakfast." Maybe if
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ใฏๆœ้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™.
02:04
I'm a mom and I'm talking to my child and
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็งใŒๆฏ่ฆชใงใ€ๅญไพ›ใจ่ฉฑใ—
02:08
I'm giving my child directions and I'm being very
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ใ€ๅญไพ›ใซๆŒ‡็คบใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใ€้žๅธธใซๅŽณใ—ใ็œŸๅ‰ฃใซ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰
02:12
strict and serious, I could say "You must eat breakfast"
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ใ€็งใฏใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™. ใ€Œๆœ้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†
02:16
but it's a little too strong for our everyday
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ใŒใ€็งใŸใกใฎๆ—ฅๅธธใฎไฝฟ็”จใซใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๅผทใ™ใŽใ‚‹
02:20
use. Next, be nice. "You ought to be
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. ๆฌกใฏไปฒ่‰ฏใใญใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
02:24
nice." This sounds like old English. It doesn't sound
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ใ„ใ„ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅคใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
02:28
very natural to me. You should be nice.
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็งใซใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‡ช็„ถใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ„ใ„ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
02:32
Yeah that's a good recommendation. I like that. I think that you should be nice.
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ™ใใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ„ใ„ไบบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:36
You must be nice. Well, I can't
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ„ใ„ใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใพใ‚
02:40
force anyone to be nice, although ideally I think we should
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ใ€็†ๆƒณ็š„ใซใฏ็งใŸใกใฏ่ฆชๅˆ‡ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใซ่ฆชๅˆ‡ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผทๅˆถใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›
02:44
be nice. I could, however, make
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ใ‚“. ใŸใ ใ—ใ€
02:48
this part of the rules. For example if you join the Go Natural
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ใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ใƒซใƒผใƒซใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€Go Natural
02:52
English Facebook group, I could say, "If you
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English ใฎ Facebook ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œ
02:56
want to be in this group, you must be nice. It's the
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใชใ‚‰ใ€่ฆชๅˆ‡ใซใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏ
03:00
rules. Next, exit the building.
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ใƒซใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ๆฌกใซใ€ๅปบ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅ‡บใฆ
03:04
Imagine that the building is closing. I could say
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๅปบ็‰ฉใŒ้–‰้Ž–ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚็งใฏใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:08
"You should exit the building now because it's closing."
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ใ€Œๅปบ็‰ฉใŒ้–‰ใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ไปŠใ™ใๅ‡บใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™.ใ€Œ
03:12
I could also say, "You must exit the building," but it's a bit more
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ๅปบ็‰ฉใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‡บใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
03:16
forceful. If the building is on fire,
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.
03:20
I'm definitely going to say "You must exit the building, now!"
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ใ€Œๅปบ็‰ฉใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‡บใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
03:24
"Should exit the building" is not
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ใ€ใ€Œๅปบ็‰ฉใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‡บใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€
03:28
strong enough. That's too weak. If the building is on fire and I say,
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ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใงใฏๅๅˆ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๅผฑใ™ใŽใพใ™ใ€‚ๅปบ็‰ฉใŒ็‡ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ
03:32
"You should exit the building," it just sounds strange.
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ใซใ€Œๅปบ็‰ฉใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‡บใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซ
03:36
It's not strong enough for this emergency situation.
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่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ็ทŠๆ€ฅไบ‹ๆ…‹
03:40
As I mentioned before, I wouldn't use "ought" ever.
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. ๅ‰ใซ่ฟฐในใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็งใฏใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใ‚’ๆฑบใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“.
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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