How slang is "made" in English - bad-ass, wicked, deadly, sick

827,665 views ใƒป 2012-02-09

English with Ronnie


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi, my name is Rani, today by special request I'm going to teach you some grammar.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใƒฉใƒ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ็‰นๅˆฅใช ใƒชใ‚ฏใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
00:13
A lot of people comment, thank you, and ask me, "Rani, what's present perfect, what's
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ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ—ใ€ๆ„Ÿ่ฌ
00:24
past perfect, what's PP, where am I, how did I get here?"
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ใ—ใ€็งใซๅฐ‹ใญใพใ™ใ€‚
00:29
So I'm here to help you, teach you this so you can learn it forever.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆฐธ้ ใซๅญฆในใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ‚ใชใŸใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใพใ™.
00:35
It's very easy once you get it first of all.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใซๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใˆใฐใจใฆใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:37
So present perfect versus past perfect, all of the tenses in English when you have something
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใจ้ŽๅŽป ๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ™ในใฆใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฏใ€
00:47
that's perfect, it means you have to use the past participle of the verb.
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ๅฎŒๅ…จใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:53
Now as an English teacher, I don't like having to write past participle because it takes
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็พๅœจใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ•™ๅธซใจใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’ๆ›ธใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใซใฏ
01:04
a long time and it's hard to say really quickly.
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้•ทใ„ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใ€ ใ™ใใซ่จ€ใ†ใฎใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:07
So most people shorten it to PP, not, I have to PP, different, okay.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ PP ใซ็Ÿญ็ธฎใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚็งใฏ PP ใซใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:13
So when I write on the board PP, it means the past participle.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฟใซPPใจๆ›ธใใจ ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:18
The past participle, it's hard to say, of the verb is the third part of the verb.
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่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉž ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:24
So for example, if you have the verb "have", what is the past participle of "have"?
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œhaveใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ€Œhaveใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
01:32
Anyone know?
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่ชฐใงใ‚‚็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:33
Anyone know?
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่ชฐใงใ‚‚็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:34
"Had", oh yay, good.
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ใ€Œใ‚ใฃใŸใ€ใ€ใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€ใ„ใ„ใ€‚
01:36
So "had" is the past participle of "have", perfect.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œhadใ€ใฏใ€Œhaveใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉž ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:40
So let's start off.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:44
Present perfect, we use for events in the past.
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝข ใงใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:50
I know it's confusing because it says right here present perfect, but both of these grammars,
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ใ“ใ“ใง็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใจๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใง็ด›ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„ใฎใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ€
01:56
grammars?
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎไธกๆ–นใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
01:57
Both of these tenses, we use to talk about a past event.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚‚ ใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:02
So present perfect is "have" or "has" plus the past participle.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฏใ€Œhaveใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€Œhasใ€ใซ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
02:11
If it is "I", "they", "you", and "we", we have to use "have".
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ใ€ŒIใ€ใ€ใ€Œtheyใ€ใ€ใ€Œyouใ€ใ€ใ€Œweใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€ใ€Œhaveใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:17
If it is "he", "she", or "it", we have to use "has".
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใฎ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œhasใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:23
This is the number one mistake that students make when they're writing or speaking.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็”Ÿๅพ’ ใŒๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚Š่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ็Šฏใ™ๆœ€ๅคงใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:30
A lot of people say, "she have", which is wrong.
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ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ ใ€ŒๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:34
You have to be careful.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆณจๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:36
You can remember "he", "she", "it", "he", "she", "it", "shit" is "has", okay?
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ใ€Œheใ€ใ€ใ€Œsheใ€ใ€ใ€Œitใ€ใ€ ใ€Œheใ€ใ€ใ€Œsheใ€ใ€ใ€Œitใ€ใ€ใ€Œshitใ€ใฏใ€Œhasใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
02:44
"I", "they", "you", and "we" is "have" plus the past participle.
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"I"ใ€"they"ใ€"you"ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ "we" ใฏใ€ "have" ใซ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
02:49
So I've asked you, what is the past tense of "have"?
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ใใ“ใงใŠ่žใใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใ€Œhaveใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:55
Answer, "had".
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ใ€Œใ‚ใฃใŸใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚
02:58
So if you know that the present tense is "have" plus "pp", you're going to go, "Oh, oh, oh,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็พๅœจๆ™‚ๅˆถใŒใ€Œhaveใ€ ใจใ€Œppใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใˆใˆใ€‚ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฑใƒผใ€ๅพ…ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡
03:08
yeah.
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03:09
Okay, hold on."
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ใ†ใ€‚
03:10
The past tense of "have" is "had".
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ใ€Œhaveใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใฏใ€Œhadใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:17
So when we use past perfect, all we're changing is this verb to "had".
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ใ€Œhadใ€ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:28
It's that easy.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:30
So the other very easy thing about past perfect is we don't have to change it for "he", "she",
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้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฎใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใช็‚น ใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™
03:38
or "it".
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ใ€‚
03:39
Yay.
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ใ‚ใƒผใ„ใ€‚
03:40
There's nothing to really remember about the past perfect except for it's "had".
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้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ใ€Œhadใ€ไปฅๅค–ใฏ็‰นใซ่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:46
So "I", "he", "she", "it", "they", "we", and "you", we all use "had".
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œ็งใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใฏใ€ใ™ในใฆใ€Œhadใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:52
Fun times.
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ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ๆ™‚้–“ใ€‚
03:54
When we use the negative, it's the same idea except we're using "hadn't".
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ๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ€Œhadn'tใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้™คใ„ใฆๅŒใ˜่€ƒใˆใงใ™ใ€‚
03:59
So "I", "he", "she", "it", "they", "you", "we", "you", "hadn't".
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ็งใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:05
It's unusual to say "had not".
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ใ€Œใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏ็ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
04:10
If you want to use "had not", it's to more emphasize things like, "I had not done that."
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ใ€Œhad notใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€ใชใฉใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:17
But we usually say "hadn't", okay?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ้€šๅธธใ€Œใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:20
And again, because it is perfect, you have to use the past participle or the PP of the
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใชใฎใง ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใพใŸใฏ PP ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
04:26
verb.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:27
Is this easy now?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใง็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:29
So present perfect "have" plus the past participle, past perfect "had" plus the past participle.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฎใ€Œhaveใ€ใจ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ€ ้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฎใ€Œhadใ€ใจ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
04:38
Good.
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่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝข
04:39
Let's go into the negative of present perfect.
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ใฎๅฆๅฎš่ชžใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
04:44
When we use "I", "they", "you", and "we", we have to use "haven't", just like in the
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ใ€ŒIใ€ใ€ใ€Œtheyใ€ใ€ใ€Œyouใ€ใ€ใ€Œweใ€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€็พๅœจๅฝขใ‚„่‚ฏๅฎšๅฝขใจๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€Œhaven'tใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹
04:51
present or in the positive.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:54
And again, "he", "she", and "it", we have to use "hasn't" plus the past participle.
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ใพใŸใ€"he"ใ€"she"ใ€"it" ใซใฏใ€ "hasn't" ใจ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:59
If you want to make a question in the present perfect, you're going to say "have" or "has".
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่ณชๅ•ใ‚’็พๅœจ ๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใซใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€"have" ใพใŸใฏ "has" ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:10
Then you're going to use the subject.
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ๆฌกใซ ใ€ไปถๅใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:12
So in this case, these are the subjects.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ตใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
05:15
Has he plus the past participle.
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ๅฝผใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’่ถณใ—ใŸ.
05:21
Has he eaten is a present perfect sentence.
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Has he eat ใฏ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
05:30
You can change "he" to a person's name.
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ€ ใ‚’ไบบใฎๅๅ‰ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:33
I can say, "Has Kevin eaten?"
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ใ€Œใ‚ฑใƒ“ใƒณใฏ้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:38
Because Kevin is a "he", I have to use "has".
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ใ‚ฑใƒ“ใƒณใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ใ€Œ ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:43
So remember that as well, it's important.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‚ๅคงไบ‹ใชใฎใง่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
05:46
When we use past perfect, like I said, it's the same idea.
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็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๅŒใ˜่€ƒใˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎไปถ
05:51
We don't have to change this reflecting on the subject.
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ใ‚’ๅๆ˜ ใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
05:57
The question form, we don't have to change either.
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่ณชๅ•ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ  ใ‚‚ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:00
So it's "had" plus your subject, plus your past participle, and you must have a question
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œhadใ€ใซไธป่ชžใจ ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚จใ‚นใƒใƒงใƒณ ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใŒๅฟ…่ฆ
06:12
mark.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:13
If you do not have a question mark at the end of the sentence, it's just wrong, and
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ๆ–‡ๆœซใซใ‚ฏใ‚จใ‚นใƒใƒงใƒณใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ๅ˜ใซ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใง
06:19
your teacher goes, "Wrong!"
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ใ€ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏใ€Œ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:22
And you don't understand why, because you remember "has" and "have", but don't forget
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ€Œhasใ€ใจใ€Œhaveใ€ใฏ่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง็†็”ฑใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ
06:27
the question mark, all right?
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ใ€็–‘ๅ•็ฌฆใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:30
So I hope that you can remember how to make present perfect and past perfect.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใจ้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฎไฝœใ‚Šๆ–นใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:38
If you have any questions or comments about this, please email me.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใ”่ณชๅ•ใ‚„ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ ใ€็งใซใƒกใƒผใƒซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:44
Go to www.engvid.com, write me a letter, write me a comment, and I'll get back to you soon.
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www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใ€็งใซๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ™ใใซใ”้€ฃ็ตกใ„ใŸใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:50
Bye-bye.
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