How slang is "made" in English - bad-ass, wicked, deadly, sick

827,680 views ・ 2012-02-09

English with Ronnie


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Hi, my name is Rani, today by special request I'm going to teach you some grammar.
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”, 제 이름은 Raniμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜€λŠ˜μ€ νŠΉλ³„ μš”μ²­μœΌλ‘œ 문법을 κ°€λ₯΄μ³ λ“œλ¦΄ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:13
A lot of people comment, thank you, and ask me, "Rani, what's present perfect, what's
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λŒ“κΈ€μ„ 달고 κ°μ‚¬ν•˜λ©° "λΌλ‹ˆ, ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œκ°€ 뭐야,
00:24
past perfect, what's PP, where am I, how did I get here?"
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κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œκ°€ 뭐야, PPκ°€ 뭐야, λ‚΄κ°€ μ–΄λ””μ•Ό, μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ—¬κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ 왔지?"라고 λ¬»μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
So I'm here to help you, teach you this so you can learn it forever.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‚˜λŠ” 당신을 돕기 μœ„ν•΄ 여기에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 당신이 이것을 μ˜μ›νžˆ 배울 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ κ°€λ₯΄μ³μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
It's very easy once you get it first of all.
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μš°μ„  λ°›μ•„λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄ μ•„μ£Ό μ‰½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
So present perfect versus past perfect, all of the tenses in English when you have something
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λ”°λΌμ„œ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ λŒ€ κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ, μ˜μ–΄μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  μ‹œμ œλŠ” μ™„λ²½ν•œ 무언가가 μžˆμ„ λ•Œ
00:47
that's perfect, it means you have to use the past participle of the verb.
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λ™μ‚¬μ˜ κ³Όκ±° 뢄사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό 함을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
Now as an English teacher, I don't like having to write past participle because it takes
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이제 μ˜μ–΄ μ„ μƒλ‹˜μœΌλ‘œμ„œ μ €λŠ” κ³Όκ±° 뢄사λ₯Ό μ“°λŠ” 것을 μ’‹μ•„ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 였래 걸리고
01:04
a long time and it's hard to say really quickly.
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정말 빨리 λ§ν•˜κΈ°κ°€ μ–΄λ ΅κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
So most people shorten it to PP, not, I have to PP, different, okay.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 그것을 PP둜 μ€„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ €λŠ” PP둜 ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
So when I write on the board PP, it means the past participle.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μΉ νŒμ— PP라고 적으면 과거뢄사λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ™μ‚¬μ˜
01:18
The past participle, it's hard to say, of the verb is the third part of the verb.
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κ³Όκ±° λΆ„μ‚¬λŠ” λ§ν•˜κΈ° μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ™μ‚¬μ˜ μ„Έ 번째 λΆ€λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:24
So for example, if you have the verb "have", what is the past participle of "have"?
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ "have"λΌλŠ” 동사가 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ "have"의 κ³Όκ±°λΆ„μ‚¬λŠ” λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
01:32
Anyone know?
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μ•„λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒ?
01:33
Anyone know?
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μ•„λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒ?
01:34
"Had", oh yay, good.
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"ν–ˆλ‹€", 였 예이, μ’‹μ•„.
01:36
So "had" is the past participle of "have", perfect.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ "had"λŠ” "have"의 과거뢄사, μ™„λ£Œν˜•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
So let's start off.
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μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:44
Present perfect, we use for events in the past.
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ, 과거의 사건에 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
I know it's confusing because it says right here present perfect, but both of these grammars,
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ν˜Όλž€μŠ€λŸ½λ‹€λŠ” 건 μ•Œμ§€λ§Œ, 이 두 문법,
01:56
grammars?
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문법?
01:57
Both of these tenses, we use to talk about a past event.
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이 두 μ‹œμ œ λͺ¨λ‘ κ³Όκ±° 사건에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:02
So present perfect is "have" or "has" plus the past participle.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£ŒλŠ” "have" λ˜λŠ” "has"에 κ³Όκ±° 뢄사λ₯Ό λ”ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
If it is "I", "they", "you", and "we", we have to use "have".
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"λ‚˜", "κ·Έλ“€", "λ‹Ήμ‹ ", "우리"라면 "have"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
If it is "he", "she", or "it", we have to use "has".
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"he", "she" λ˜λŠ” "it"인 경우 "has"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
This is the number one mistake that students make when they're writing or speaking.
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이것은 학생듀이 글을 μ“°κ±°λ‚˜ 말할 λ•Œ κ°€μž₯ 많이 λ²”ν•˜λŠ” μ‹€μˆ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
A lot of people say, "she have", which is wrong.
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ "κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 가지고 μžˆλ‹€"κ³  λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ΄λŠ” 잘λͺ»λœ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
You have to be careful.
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쑰심해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
You can remember "he", "she", "it", "he", "she", "it", "shit" is "has", okay?
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"he", "she", "it", "he", "she", "it", "shit"은 "has"둜 κΈ°μ–΅ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
"I", "they", "you", and "we" is "have" plus the past participle.
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"I", "they", "you" 및 "we"λŠ” "have"에 과거뢄사λ₯Ό λ”ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
So I've asked you, what is the past tense of "have"?
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ¬Όμ–΄λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "have"의 κ³Όκ±° μ‹œμ œκ°€ λ¬΄μ—‡μΈκ°€μš”?
02:55
Answer, "had".
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"ν–ˆλ‹€"κ³  λŒ€λ‹΅ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
02:58
So if you know that the present tense is "have" plus "pp", you're going to go, "Oh, oh, oh,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ ν˜„μž¬ μ‹œμ œκ°€ "have" + "pp"λΌλŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ "였, 였, 였,
03:08
yeah.
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그래. μ•Œμ•˜μ–΄
03:09
Okay, hold on."
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, 잠깐만."
03:10
The past tense of "have" is "had".
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have의 κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ€ 'had'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
So when we use past perfect, all we're changing is this verb to "had".
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•Œ, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ°”κΎΈλŠ” 것은 "had"λΌλŠ” λ™μ‚¬λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
It's that easy.
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ μ‰½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
So the other very easy thing about past perfect is we don't have to change it for "he", "she",
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λ”°λΌμ„œ κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œμ— λŒ€ν•œ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 맀우 μ‰¬μš΄ 점은 "he", "she"
03:38
or "it".
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λ˜λŠ” "it"둜 λ°”κΏ€ ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
Yay.
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예.
03:40
There's nothing to really remember about the past perfect except for it's "had".
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κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ "ν–ˆλ‹€"λ₯Ό μ œμ™Έν•˜κ³ λŠ” μ‹€μ œλ‘œ κΈ°μ–΅ν•  것이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
So "I", "he", "she", "it", "they", "we", and "you", we all use "had".
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ "λ‚˜", "κ·Έ", "κ·Έλ…€", "그것", "κ·Έλ“€", "우리", 그리고 "λ‹Ήμ‹ "은 λͺ¨λ‘ "ν–ˆλ‹€"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
Fun times.
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즐거운 μ‹œκ°„.
03:54
When we use the negative, it's the same idea except we're using "hadn't".
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 뢀정을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•Œ "hadn't"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ œμ™Έν•˜κ³ λŠ” 같은 μƒκ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
So "I", "he", "she", "it", "they", "you", "we", "you", "hadn't".
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ "λ‚˜", "κ·Έ", "κ·Έλ…€", "그것", "κ·Έλ“€", " λ„ˆ", "우리", "λ„ˆ", "ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€".
04:05
It's unusual to say "had not".
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"μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€"라고 λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ΄λ‘€μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
If you want to use "had not", it's to more emphasize things like, "I had not done that."
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"ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄ "λ‚˜λŠ” κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€"와 같은 것을 더 κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
But we usually say "hadn't", okay?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 보톡 "ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€"라고 λ§ν•˜μ£ , μ•Œμ•˜μ£ ?
04:20
And again, because it is perfect, you have to use the past participle or the PP of the
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그리고 또, μ™„λ£Œν˜•μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κ³Όκ±°λΆ„μ‚¬λ‚˜ λ™μ‚¬μ˜ PPλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:26
verb.
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.
04:27
Is this easy now?
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이제 이게 μ‰¬μš΄κ°€μš”?
04:29
So present perfect "have" plus the past participle, past perfect "had" plus the past participle.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ "have"와 과거뢄사, κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œ "ha"와 과거뢄사λ₯Ό λ”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
Good.
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쒋은.
04:39
Let's go into the negative of present perfect.
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œμ˜ λΆ€μ •μœΌλ‘œ λ“€μ–΄κ°€ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
04:44
When we use "I", "they", "you", and "we", we have to use "haven't", just like in the
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ "I", "they", "you", "we"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•ŒλŠ” ν˜„μž¬λ‚˜ κΈμ •μ—μ„œμ²˜λŸΌ "haven't"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:51
present or in the positive.
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.
04:54
And again, "he", "she", and "it", we have to use "hasn't" plus the past participle.
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그리고 λ‹€μ‹œ "he", "she", "it"μ—λŠ” "hasn't"와 κ³Όκ±° 뢄사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:59
If you want to make a question in the present perfect, you're going to say "have" or "has".
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ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œλ‘œ μ˜λ¬Έλ¬Έμ„ λ§Œλ“€κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄ "have" λ˜λŠ” "has"라고 말할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:10
Then you're going to use the subject.
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그런 λ‹€μŒ 주제λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:12
So in this case, these are the subjects.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 이 κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” 이듀이 μ£Όμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:15
Has he plus the past participle.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 과거뢄사λ₯Ό λ”ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:21
Has he eaten is a present perfect sentence.
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κ·Έκ°€ λ¨Ήμ—ˆλŠ”κ°€λŠ” ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ λ¬Έμž₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:30
You can change "he" to a person's name.
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"he"λ₯Ό μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ μ΄λ¦„μœΌλ‘œ λ³€κ²½ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:33
I can say, "Has Kevin eaten?"
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"μΌ€λΉˆ λ°₯ λ¨Ήμ—ˆμ–΄?"라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:38
Because Kevin is a "he", I have to use "has".
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Kevin은 "he"이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— "has"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:43
So remember that as well, it's important.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 그것도 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€. λ‚΄κ°€ λ§ν–ˆλ“―μ΄
05:46
When we use past perfect, like I said, it's the same idea.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•Œλ„ 같은 μƒκ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:51
We don't have to change this reflecting on the subject.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 주제λ₯Ό λ°˜μ˜ν•˜μ—¬ 이것을 λ³€κ²½ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:57
The question form, we don't have to change either.
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질문 ν˜•μ‹λ„ λ³€κ²½ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:00
So it's "had" plus your subject, plus your past participle, and you must have a question
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ "had"에 주어와 과거뢄사λ₯Ό λ”ν•˜λ©΄ λ¬ΌμŒν‘œκ°€ μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:12
mark.
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. λ¬Έμž₯
06:13
If you do not have a question mark at the end of the sentence, it's just wrong, and
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끝에 λ¬ΌμŒν‘œκ°€ μ—†μœΌλ©΄ κ·Έλƒ₯ ν‹€λ¦° 것이고
06:19
your teacher goes, "Wrong!"
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μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ€ "잘λͺ»!"
06:22
And you don't understand why, because you remember "has" and "have", but don't forget
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그리고 당신은 "가지닀"와 "가지닀"λ₯Ό κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ™œ κ·ΈλŸ°μ§€ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ¬ΌμŒν‘œλŠ” μžŠμ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”
06:27
the question mark, all right?
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.
06:30
So I hope that you can remember how to make present perfect and past perfect.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œμ™€ κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 방법을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•  수 있기λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:38
If you have any questions or comments about this, please email me.
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이에 λŒ€ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ΄λ‚˜ 의견이 μžˆμœΌμ‹œλ©΄ μ €μ—κ²Œ 이메일을 λ³΄λ‚΄μ£Όμ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
06:44
Go to www.engvid.com, write me a letter, write me a comment, and I'll get back to you soon.
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www.engvid.com으둜 μ΄λ™ν•˜μ—¬ μ €μ—κ²Œ νŽΈμ§€λ₯Ό μ“°κ³  λŒ“κΈ€μ„ μž‘μ„±ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ 곧 μ—°λ½λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:50
Bye-bye.
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μ•ˆλ…•.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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