Learn English Vocabulary: The people you will meet at UNIVERSITY

学习英语词汇：你将会在大学遇见的人

Hello. My name is Emma, and in today's video, I am going to teach you a lot of university

你好。我的名字是艾玛，在今天的视频里，我会教你很多的大学

language. I'm going to teach you specifically about the people you will see at university.

语言。我会专门教有关你在大学里会见到的人

I've used, here, the word "uni", this is very British English. "Uni" means "university".

我已经写在这里的单词“uni",这是典型 英式英语。 “uni”是指“university”。

In American English, we would call it "college"; in Canadian English, we would call it "university".

在美式英语中，我们叫它“college”;在 加拿大英语，我们就称之为“university”。

Okay? And I don't know about Australian, but I would assume it's probably "uni" also.

了解了吗？我不知道澳大利亚的，但 我会假设它可能也是”uni"

So, there are many different words we use when we talk about people at the university.

因此，当我们在谈论有关大学里的人的时候我们会用许多不同的单词

I'm going to tell you what we call students, what we call professors, what we call the

我会告诉你我们怎样称呼学生，怎样称呼教授，怎样称呼

boss of the professor. Okay? So you will learn a lot of words today.

教授的上司，好吗？所以你今天会学到许多单词。

So let's get started. I have here a pyramid. This pyramid represents power at the university.

所以，让我们开始吧。我这里有一个金字塔。这个金字塔代表在大学的资历。

Okay? It represents position at the university, and also, the number of positions at a university.

好吗？它代表了在大学的职位， 同样的，也代表在大学里各职位的数量。

So, if you notice... We'll start at the bottom. I have here "freshman". A freshman is a first-year

所以，如果你注意到了......我们会从最底层开始。我写了一个词“新生”。一个新生指一个第一年的

student. Okay? So, when you get to university, you will be a freshman. It means you are in

学生。明白吗？所以，当你到了大学，你就会是一个新生。它代表你在

your first year of university. There are a lot of freshman at university.

你的大学的第一年。在大学里面都有很多的新生。

Then what happens? Second year comes along. When second year happens, you become a "sophomore".

那接下来是什么？第二年伴随而来。当到了第二年，你变成了“大学二年级生”。

This means you are in the second year of your program. We don't say "sophomore". Okay? We

这意味着你处在第二年的学习当中。我们不念“so-pho-more"。

don't say "sophomore", no, no, no. "Sophmore", so it's almost like this "o" we spell with,

不要念成”so-pho-more"。不，不，不。 “So-ph-more”。所以基本上我们拼写的这个“o"，

it's silent when we say it. "Sophomore". And you'll notice the "ph" is a "f" sound: "sofmore".

当我们念的时候是不发音的。"sophomore"。你会注意到”ph"发音为[f]，"sofmore”。

So your second year is your sophomore year.

所以，你的大学第二年就是你的大二学年。

Then, some people will continue on in university, and they'll get to their third year. Okay?

然后，许多人会继续大学学习，他们会进入第三学年

In your third year, you will be called "a junior". "Junior". Okay? So I want you to

在你的第三学年，你会被称为“ junior“，“Junior“，好吗？所以我希望你能

say these words: "freshman", "sophomore", "junior".

读一下这些单词：“freshman”，“sophomore”，“junior”。

If all goes well, after your third year, you're going to be in your last year or your final

如果一切顺利，在你的第三个年头后，你 将迎来你的最后一年或者是毕业年。

year, and you will be-so fourth year-a "senior". So this means you are the top of undergrad.

在第四年里你将会是一个“前辈”。 因此，这意味着你是最高年级的本科生。

You will be a senior in your fourth year. So all of this, these "freshman", "sophomore",

在你的第四年你将会是一个大四生。所以 这所有这些，“新生”，“大二生”，

"junior", "senior", this all refers to undergrad students or undergraduate. Okay? So for short,

“大三生”，“大四生”，这都指的是本科生，明白吗？因此，简读的话，

we say "undergrad". In the long, we say "undergraduate students". Okay? So when I was an undergrad,

我们说“undergrad”。完整的读，我们说“undergraduate“。好吗？所以，当我还是一个本科生的时候，

I started as a freshman; then my second year of undergrad, sophomore; third year of undergrad,

我作为新生开始学习；接着我的本科第二年，作为大二生；本科第三年，

junior; and finally, in my fourth year, I was a senior. Okay? If you finish and you

大三生；最后，在我的第四年，我是一名毕业生，对吗？如果你完成了

finish your senior year, you get a bachelor's. Okay? So you get a bachelor's degree. You

第四学年学习，你会得到一个学士学位，对吗？所以，你得到了一个学士学位。你

do four years of university, you get a bachelor's degree.

在大学学习了四年，你拿到了学士学位。

Now, some people, after their fourth year, after they're a senior, they're tired of university,

现在，有些人，他们的第四个年头后，在他们的毕业年之后，他们厌倦了大学，

they're so happy they're finished, you know, it's finally over, so they go and they start

他们对自己毕业感到非常高兴，你知道， 它终于结束了，所以他们开始工作

working, and they forget all about university. Other people want to do more university. They

他们忘记掉和大学有关的所有事情。 另一些人想要在大学做更多的事情。他们

stay in university, and they continue studying. We call these people "master's students".

留在大学，继续学习。我们称这些人为“硕士生”。

Okay? Usually a master's is a two-year program. It can be a one-year program, but it happens

对吗？通常硕士是一个为期两年的计划。 它可以是一个为期一年的计划，但是它进行在

after undergrad. So we call these students "grad students", we can also say "graduate

本科后。因此我们呼吁这些学生“研究生”，我们也可以说“本科毕业生”

students" or "master's student". Okay? So, again, usually these people are in a program

或”硕士研究生“，对吗？所以， 回顾下，通常这些人是在一个

for one or two years, they are grad students, master's students; it means the same thing.

一两年的计划里面，他们是本科毕业生， 硕士研究生;这意味着同样的事情。

From this point, you'll find that some grad students get a job at the university. Okay?

从这一点来说，你会发现有些硕士生在大学里得到了一份工作，是吧。

So they're still a grad student, but they get a job. The job they get at the university

他们虽然是一个研究生，但他们得到 一份工作。在大学里得到的这份工作

is a "TA" job or a TA position. A "TA" is a person who is a teaching assistant. So,

是作为一名一个“TA”或者是“TA”的职位。“TA”是指教学助手。所以，

a TA is the same thing as teaching assistant; it's just the short way to say it. A teaching

一名“TA”和作为教学助手是同一回事; 只是简化来读。一名教学助手

assistant works for a professor. They help the professor teach freshman, sophomore, junior,

是为教授工作的。他们帮助教授教大一，大二，大三，

and seniors. So, the TA is the assistant to the professor, and they help the professor

和大四的学生。因此，“TA”是教授的助手，他们帮助教授

teach these people. Sometimes they mark. Okay? Essays, they might... If you write a test,

教这些人。有时他们打分数。像散文，他们可能会......如果你写了一份试卷，

it might be a TA who marks your test because the professor is too busy.

就可能会是"TA“来给你的试卷打分，因为教授是很忙的。

So it's the professor's assistant.

所以”TA“是教授的助手

Some grad or master's student... Students might get an "RA" position. So this is a job

一些硕士生可能会得到一个”RA“的职位。这是一种

for master's students. It means research assistant. So where here you're working with students;

硕士硕士生的工作。它指的是研究助手。 所以是指你与学生一起工作的地方;

as a research assistant, you might be working in the lab with a professor, you might be

作为研究助理，你可能会和教授一起在实验室工作，你可能会

helping do research. Okay? So that's what "RA" stands for, research assistant. And so

帮助做研究。所以这就是”RA“所代表的意思，研究助手。

these are the two common jobs at a university for master's students.

所以对于硕士生来说这是两个在大学里很普遍的工作。

Then you get, once you finish your master's, some students then go off into the work world

再来看看，一旦你完成你的硕士的学习， 一些学生接着会离开学校进入职业生涯

and they start working, other students continue in university. Okay? So they've now had their

开始工作，而其他的则继续留在大学。他们现在完成了

undergrad, they've now done their master's, and so what do they do next? They become a

本科学习，他们完成了硕士学习，那他们接下来做什么？他们成为一名

"PhD student". So, PhDs are usually programs that are four to five years; for other people,

“博士研究生”。因此，博士生阶段通常是四到五年；对另一些人来说，

it might take longer. And if you finish a PhD, you get a doctorate. Okay? So PhD is

它可能需要更长的时间。如果你完成一个 博士阶段学习，你会得到一个博士学位。所以博士生的

higher than a grad student or a master's student, and higher than undergrad. PhD students can

学历是高于研究生和本科生的。博士研究生

also be TAs and they can also be RAs.

也可以作为教学助手和研究助手。

Now, once a PhD student finishes their thesis and they finish their dissertation, they have

现在，一旦博士生完成他们的论文和学术演讲，

finished school, they can become a "post doc". So, I didn't write this here, but one step

他们就从学校毕业了。就可以成为一个“博士后”。我没有在这里写下来，

up, post doc. So that's just about here.

更进一步就是，博士后。所以我写在这里

PhD students, as well as post docs can become "instructors" and they can become "lecturers".

博士研究生，和博士后一样可以成为”导师“或”讲师“。

These words pretty much mean the same thing. An instructor or a lecturer is a person who

这些词几乎是同一个意思。 导师和讲师是教

teaches undergrads. Okay? So they teach a class. So, for example, if you take a psychology

本科生的人。因此，他们是授课的。例如，如果你在学心理学课程，

class, your instructor is the person who teaches you about psychology. It's the same with lecturer.

你的讲师就是那个教你心理学的人。这个和教师是一样的意思。

Your... The lecturer is the person who teaches you about a subject. Some instructors are

你的讲师是教你有关一门课程内容的人。有些讲师是教授

"professors"; other instructors aren't. Some instructors are only PhD students. So depending

另一些则不是。有一些讲师只是博士研究生。

on if you have an instructor who is a professor or a PhD student, you might talk to them a

所以依据你是否有一位教授讲师或者博士生讲师，你和他们谈话

little bit differently, and we'll come back to that in a moment.

的方式可能会有些差异。 我们一会再回来

Okay, so you've finished your PhD, you're now doing a post doc, you're an instructor,

好的，你完成了你的博士研究生学习，你 现在做了一个博士后，你是一名讲师

you're teaching these undergrads; you're teaching freshman, sophomore, juniors, and seniors,

你现在教这些本科生；教大一新生，大二，大三和大四。

and you work at the university for a while. What happens next? If the university really

你在大学工作了一段时间。接下来又会发生什么？如果这所大学真的喜欢你

likes you, you can become a "professor". You can become somebody who works at the university,

你可以成为一名“教授”。你可以成为一位在大学工作的人

and who's tenured. Okay? This means that you're going to work at the university as a professor.

和享有终身职位的人。这意味着你打算以一名教授身份在这所大学里工作。

As a professor, you work with a group of other professors. We call the group of professors

作为一名教授，你和其他教授在一个团队面工作。

the "faculty". So, a faculty means many professors. So you have a faculty of arts, a faculty of

这个词“系”。“系”是指一个有许多教授的团队。所以你会看到有艺术系

dentistry, a faculty of sciences. So "faculty" is a group of professors who teach a certain subject.

牙科系，科学系。“系”是一个教某些学科的教授团队。

Okay, so professors are a little bit higher than instructors and lecturers because they

好了，在这里教授的位置比教师和讲师稍微高一些

are full-time members at the university. And so, because they have their PhD and because

因为他们在大学里是全职的工作者。所以，因为他们的博士学位

they've gotten this position, we have to address them in a certain way. Some professors like

和他们所在的岗位，我们用这样确定无疑的方式称呼他们。有一些教授

to be called "Professor". So you might have Professor Donaldson, or Professor... Professor

就只喜欢称为“教授”。因此你可能见过唐纳森教授，或者是史密斯教授

Smith. So we say the word "Professor" with their last name. It's almost like Mr. or Mrs.

我们把“教授”这个词各对方的姓放在一起来念。和称呼“先生”或“女士”几乎一样。

So, for example: Professor White. Other professors are a little bit more easygoing, and they

例如，怀特教授。另一些教授则比较随意

don't mind, like, things being a little bit more informal, so you... Some of your professors

他们并不介意称呼有一点不是那么的正式。你的一些教授

might let you call them by their first name. So: "Hey, Emma", "Hi, Doug". Okay? It depends

可能会让你用他们的名来称呼他们。所以变成了：“嗨，艾玛“，“嘿，道格“。它取决于

on your prof; some of them will want the first name, some of them will want you to call them

你的教授；他们中的一些会愿意你用名来称呼，一些则希望你称呼他们教授。

Professor. Again, it depends on the person.

再说一次，它取决于个人。

Now, on the same level, we have some people working at the university. We have the "advisor"

现在，在同一层级上，还有一些在大学工作的人我们称之为”顾问“

and we have "registrars". These are people that are supposed to help undergrads, and

以及“登记员”。这些都是应该用他们的所学来帮助本科生

also grad students with their studies. So they're there to help you. They work for the

和研究生的人。所以他们是来帮助你的。他们为大学工作

university. The registrar is the person you go to when you want to get into a class. So

登记员是当你想进入一个班级时要去找的人。

imagine I want to take Psychology 100. I will go to my registrar, and I will say: "I'd like

所以，想象我想在心理学拿到100分，我会去找登记员，然后我会说；"我想

to be in the class Psychology 100", and then the registrar will put me in the class, or

到心理学100班级去”。然后这个登记员会把我登记在这个班级

say: "No, I'm sorry, you can't be in this class." So the registrar is the person who

或者说：“不行，我很抱歉，你不能在这个班级”。所以登记员时把你放到

puts you in the class. You'll also have somebody who's an advisor. Advisors, what do they do?

班级里面的人。你还会知道一些人那就是顾问。他们做些什么？

They give you advice on things. Okay? So they might give you advice on school, on study

他们就一些事情给你建议。他们可能给你一些关于学教的建议，关于学习习惯的建议

habits, on maybe you're taking too many classes. An advisor might tell you: "You shouldn't

或者你可能选了太多的课，顾问可能会告诉你:"

take so many classes. Take less classes." So these are the roles of an advisor.

你不该选这么多的课，少选一些”。所以这就是顾问所扮演的角色。

Finally, at the very top of our hierarchy here, we have somebody called the "Dean".

最后，在我们的层次结构的最高层 这里，有一个人我们称之为“主任”。

The dean is almost like the principal of a department or of the university. Okay? So

主任基本上是大学里部门的主要负责人。

if you think about elementary school, the principal would be the dean. And there are

如果你想一想在小学，主要负责人就会是主任。并且这里还有更多角色

more roles; this is actually like a simplified version. You also have a president, and it

这其实就像是一个简化了的版本。你一定还知道“校长”

gets really confusing, but for now, a key word here is "dean". So the "dean" is usually

这真的变得很容易混淆，但是对于现在，关键词是“主任”。所以主任是

somebody who was a professor who now has more of an administrative role. And so they almost

在过去是一名教授，而现在更多的是一名行政角色。因此他们基本上

control the university. They tell the professors what to do, they tell the faculty what to

掌管着大学。他们告诉教授需要做什么，告诉整个系需要做什么

do, they tell the advisors and the registrar... They're in charge of this structure. Okay?

他们告诉顾问和登记员....他们在这个金字塔结构中是主管人

So these are all very common words we use when we talk about university, and the people in it.

当我们在谈论到大学和大学里的人的时候有很多常用的单词

I hope you come check us out on our website at www.engvid.com.

我希望你登陆我们的网站www.engvid.com来观看我们的视频

There, you can do a quiz to see, and make sure you understand these words and how to use them.

在这里，你可以回答问题来看看，以确保你理解这些单词以及怎样使用它们

I hope you found today's lesson useful, and I hope you start using some of these words, you know,

我希望你觉得今天的课是有用的，我也希望你去使用今天的一些单词，你懂的

even saying what you are. Okay? If you think about your life, are you a freshman? Are you

即使是说你是属于今天内容里的哪一个，好吗？如果你联想到了你的学习生活，你是一个新生吗？

a grad student? Do you TA? Are you an instructor?

你是一个硕士研究生吗？你做教学助手吗？你是一名导师吗？

Okay? So think about this in your own life experiences.

思考一下你人生经历中的这些大学里的人

Until next time, I hope you've enjoyed everything, and take care.

下一次之前，我希望你能享受今天的内容，保重。