Pronunciation - Silent T: often, listen, castle...

525,869 views ใƒป 2013-10-15

English with Emma


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:02
Hi there. My name is Emma, and in today's video, we are going to learn about pronunciation.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ ็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚จใƒžใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ช ใงใฏใ€็™บ้Ÿณใซใคใ„ใฆๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚
00:09
I'm going to teach you how to pronounce "often". Is it with a T or with a silent T? What about
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ใ€Œๅบฆใ€…ใ€ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ Tไป˜ใใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒฌใƒณใƒˆTไป˜ใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:18
words like "listen"? Is it "listen" or "lissen"? "Soften": "soften", "soffen"? Okay? So this
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ใ€Œ่žใใ€ใชใฉใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œ่žใใ€ใ‹ใ€Œ่žใใ€ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€ŒๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใใ™ใ‚‹ใ€๏ผšใ€ŒๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€ŒๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใใ™ใ‚‹ใ€๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€ใ“ใฎ
00:28
video is about Ts in the middle of words. Do we pronounce them, or do we keep them silent?
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ๅ‹•็”ปใฏ่จ€่‘‰ใฎ้€”ไธญใฎTsใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚้ป™ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
00:37
Okay, so let's get started on how to pronounce these words.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ็™บ้Ÿณๆ–นๆณ•ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:41
So I have a rule here. It's not always the rule, but for the most part this will help
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ“ใซใƒซใƒผใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅธธใซใƒซใƒผใƒซใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใก
00:47
you. If you see "-sten", "-ften", "-stle", usually -- okay, and that's a big word. Usually
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ-stenใ€ใ€ใ€Œ-ftenใ€ใ€ใ€Œ-stleใ€ใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ ้€šๅธธใฏ -- ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅคงใใชๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
00:59
-- not always -- usually, we do not pronounce the T. So what are some examples of this?
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้€šๅธธใ€ๅธธใซใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€้€šๅธธใ€็งใŸใกใฏ T ใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณ ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:09
This, how do we say it? "Lissen", "lissen", so you cannot hear a T. I do not say it "listen",
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใชใ‚“ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œใƒชใƒƒใ‚ปใƒณใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒชใƒƒใ‚ปใƒณใ€ใชใฎใง ใ€T ใฏ่žใ“ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚็งใฏใ€Œใƒชใƒƒใ‚ปใƒณใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
01:20
I say it with an S but no T, "lissen". "Soffen", "soffen", okay? And again, you see "-ften",
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ฝใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ฝใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใพใŸใ€ใ€Œ-ftenใ€ใ€
01:31
"-sten". "Cassle", "cassle". "Fassen", "fassen". Okay? Last one: "moissen", "moissen". So even
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ใ€Œ-stenใ€ใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใ‚นใƒซใ€ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒƒใ‚นใƒซใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒ•ใ‚กใƒƒใ‚ปใƒณใ€ใ€Œใƒ•ใ‚กใƒƒใ‚ปใƒณใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๆœ€ๅพŒใฏใ€Œใƒขใ‚ขใƒƒใ‚ปใƒณใ€ใ€Œใƒขใ‚ขใƒƒใ‚ปใƒณใ€ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ
01:50
though you see "-ten", "-tle", "-ten", you do not pronounce the T in these words.
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ใ€ใ€Œ-tenใ€ใ€ใ€Œ-tleใ€ใ€ใ€Œ-tenใ€ใจ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ T ใฏ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:58
But what about "often"? Did you hear how I said that? Did I say it with a T or without
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œใ—ใฐใ—ใฐใ€ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็งใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‹่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ Tใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใฆ่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹ใ€Tใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใšใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
02:06
a T? "Often". Okay, so "often" is when it gets a little complicated because of the history
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ใ‹? "้ ป็น"ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œ้ ป็นใซใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ ใฎๆญดๅฒใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅฐ‘ใ—่ค‡้›‘ใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ
02:15
of this word. Originally, in the 1700s, "often" was pronounced with a T, and then they stopped
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ใงใ™. ใ‚‚ใจใ‚‚ใจใ€1700 ๅนดไปฃใซใฏใ€Œ้ ป็นใซใ€ ใฏ T ใง็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใใฎๅพŒใ€T ใง
02:25
pronouncing it with a T. They pronounced it "offen". And then, people started to pronounce
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็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€Œoffenใ€ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏ
02:32
it with T again. So nowadays, how do we pronounce it? Both ways. Some people say, "often" -- that's
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ๅ†ใณTใงใใ‚Œใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸ. ใงใฏใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ไธกๆ–นใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ˆใใ€ใจใ„ใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
02:43
good. Other people say "offen" with a silent T. Both ways are acceptable, okay? Both ways
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ใ„ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ไป–ใฎไบบใฏใ€็„ก่จ€ใฎ T ใงใ€Œoffenใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎๆ–นๆณ•
02:51
are now the standard. You can say either way. So if you look here, if you know the International
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ใ‚‚็พๅœจใงใฏๆจ™ๆบ–ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ๅ›ฝ้š›้Ÿณๅฃฐ่จ˜ๅทใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชž
02:58
Phonetic Alphabet, I have the different spellings that the dictionary says are okay for the
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ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซใคใ„ใฆ่พžๆ›ธใŒ่จ€ใ†็•ฐใชใ‚‹็ถดใ‚ŠใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
03:04
pronunciation of this word, okay? And if you don't know the International Phonetic Alphabet,
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ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ ๅ›ฝ้š›้Ÿณๅฃฐ่จ˜ๅทใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใใฆ
03:10
that's okay. Pretty much what this means is you can have it without it T, "offen" or with
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ใ‚‚ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ ใ€T ใชใ—ใงใ€Œoffenใ€
03:18
the T, "often". So even though we have a rule up here, "-ften", usually, it's a silent T,
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ใพใŸใฏ T ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ€Œ้ ป็นใซใ€ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซใ€Œ-ftenใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใƒซใƒผใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€้€šๅธธใฏ็„ก่จ€ใฎ T ใงใ™
03:25
but in the case of "often", it's your choice. If you like the way the T sounds, great. If
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ใŒใ€ใ€Œ้ ป็นใซใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ธๆŠžใงใ™ใ€‚ Tใฎ้ŸฟใใŒๅฅฝใใชใ‚‰ใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
03:33
you hate the way the T sounds, "offen" is also good, okay?
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Tใฎ้Ÿฟใ ใŒ่‹ฆๆ‰‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€Œoffenใ€ใงใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:38
Now, let's look at some words where we actually have to pronounce the T. So if you see "-stl",
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š› ใซ T ใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€Œ-stlใ€ใ€
03:47
"-ftl", these are signs that you usually pronounce the T. What are some examples? Well, you can
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ใ€Œ-ftlใ€ใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้€šๅธธ T ใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ๅ…†ๅ€™ ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
03:56
pronounce the T. "Lassly", you could also say, "lastly". It's okay either way. "Justly",
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T ใฏ "Lassly" ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€"lastly" ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚นใƒˆใƒชใƒผใ€ใ€
04:04
"mostly", "softly": You can say it with or without depending on where you're from.
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ใ€Œใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆใƒชใƒผใ€: ๅ‡บ่บซๅœฐใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใพใŸใฏใชใ—ใง่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:11
So the main thing I want to say in this video is "offen", "often" are both okay. Our pronunciation
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใง็งใŒ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ไธปใชใ“ใจใฏใ€ ใ€Œoffenใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้ ป็นใซใ€ใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฎ็™บ้Ÿณ
04:19
is different depending on where we're from. So you might hear someone pronounce a word
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ใฏใ€ๅ‡บ่บซๅœฐใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไธ€ๆ–น็š„ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
04:24
one way, but it could be their accent. It could be where they're from. And also, a final
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ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™. ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๅ‡บ่บซๅœฐใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€
04:29
point -- language is always changing. "Often" -- before there was a rule, no T. Now, it
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่จ€่ชžใฏๅธธใซๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ—ใฐใ—ใฐใ€ -- ่ฆๅ‰‡ใŒๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใฏใ€T ใฏไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚็พๅœจใง
04:38
has changed to where you can have a T, or you can do it without a T. So language doesn't
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ใฏใ€T ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ T ใ‚’ ไฝฟ็”จใ›ใšใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่จ€่ชžใฏ
04:43
stay the same; it changes. Until next time -- oh, I forgot one thing.
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ๅŒใ˜ใพใพใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฎ ๆฉŸไผšใซ -- ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ไธ€ใคๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:49
I want today invite you to come visit our website at www.engvid.com, and there you can
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€็งใŸใกใฎ ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใซใŠ่ถŠใ—ใใ ใ•ใ„
04:56
take our test on pronunciation with words with silent T. So until next time, take care.
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ใ€‚ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒฌใƒณใƒˆ T ใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ๅ˜่ชžใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ๆฌกๅ›žใพใงๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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