IELTS Reading strategies: True, False, Not Given

3,248,938 views ใƒป 2013-11-25

English with Emma


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:02
Hello. My name is Emma, and in today's video, we are going to be looking at the IELTS, that
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚จใƒžใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ช ใงใฏ
00:09
scary test a lot of you have to do. We're going to look at, specifically, one type of
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ใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒใ‚„ใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ๆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ IELTS ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏ ใƒชใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใฎ 1 ใคใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎ
00:17
reading question for the academic reading. So this isn't for the general; it's for the
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ใƒชใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธ€่ˆฌๅ‘ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:22
academic reading. We're going to talk about the question that has to do with "true, false,
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ใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐ็”จใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็œŸใ€ๅฝใ€
00:29
or not given". So this is a specific question. It may or may not be on your test, but I think,
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ใพใŸใฏไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ™ใ‚‹่ณชๅ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใช่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใซๅ‡บใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ๅ‡บใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
00:39
personally, this is one of the most difficult questions on the reading section of the IELTS.
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ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใซใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ IELTSใฎใƒชใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงๆœ€ใ‚‚้›ฃใ—ใ„ๅ•้กŒใฎ1ใคใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™.
00:45
So I'm going to give you some tips and strategies on how to do well on this section. Okay, so
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ใใ“ใง ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ†ใพใใ‚„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใจๆˆฆ็•ฅใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€
00:53
let's get started. In this section, what you are going to find
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ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใง ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ
00:57
is a reading passage. So you will have a long passage on maybe cybercrime, maybe food security,
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ใฏใ€่ชญๆ›ธใฎไธ€็ฏ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒใƒผ็Šฏ็ฝชใ€้ฃŸๆ–™ๅฎ‰ๅ…จไฟ้šœ
01:08
on the history of the Internet -- it can be on anything. After the passage, there will
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ใ€ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆใฎๆญดๅฒใซใคใ„ใฆ้•ทใ„ไธ€็ฏ€ใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ้€š้ŽๅพŒใ€
01:14
be some statements, some facts, okay? What you need to do is you need to say if the fact
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅฃฐๆ˜Žใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไบ‹ๅฎŸใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ ใŒใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ€ไบ‹ๅฎŸใŒไธ€่‡ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™
01:24
matches -- if it's true based on the reading, if it's false based on the reading, or if
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- ่ชญใฟใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆ็œŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€่ชญใฟใซ ๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆ่™šๅฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใพใŸใฏ่ชญใฟใซ
01:32
the information is not given in the reading. So I will explain "true", "false", "not given"
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ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€ใ€Œ็œŸใ€ใ€Œๅฝใ€ใ€ŒไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€
01:40
in detail in just a minute. Okay. What else to know about the "true, false, or not given"?
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ใ‚’1ๅˆ†ใง่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œ็œŸใ€ๅฝใ€ใพใŸใฏไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆไป–ใซ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
01:48
Another important thing about this question is we're not talking about the question that
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ใ“ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎ้‡่ฆใช็‚น ใฏใ€็ญ†่€…ใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ™ใ‚‹่ณชๅ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง
01:54
has to do with the writer's opinion. There's a very similar question on the IELTS that
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ใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ญ†่€…ใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ IELTS ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹้žๅธธใซใ‚ˆใไผผใŸ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
02:00
asks about the writer's opinion. That's the "yes, no, not given". This is only on "true,
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒ ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
02:08
false, not given", not "yes, no, not given". Just -- hopefully, that will clear up any
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ใ€ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€ใ€Œ็œŸใ€ๅฝใ€ไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใฎใฟใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใ  -- ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‘ใฐใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใงๆททไนฑใŒ่งฃๆถˆใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
02:13
confusion. Okay. So let's get started. What do they mean by "true" in these questions?
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงใ€Œ็œŸๅฎŸใ€ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹?
02:22
When would you write "true"? I will show you. You can write "true" or "T". "T" is shorter.
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ใ€Œๆœฌๅฝ“ใ€ใจๆ›ธใใฎใฏใ„ใค๏ผŸ ่ฆ‹ใ›ใฆใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ€Œtrueใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒTใ€ใจๆ›ธใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒTใ€ใฎๆ–นใŒ็Ÿญใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:31
If there is a fact and it is clearly written, you write "T". If the fact is clearly written
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ไบ‹ๅฎŸใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ˜Ž็ขบใซๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€ŒTใ€ใจๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ชญใฟๆ–นใซใใฎไบ‹ๅฎŸใŒๆ˜Ž็ขบใซๆ›ธใ‹
02:40
in the reading, you would write "T". You'll often see synonyms, and, again, write "T"
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ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€ŒTใ€ใจๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅŒ็พฉ่ชžใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใ‹ใ‘ใพใ™ใŒใ€
02:51
only if you actually see this fact written. If you know the fact is true, but it's not
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ใ“ใฎไบ‹ๅฎŸใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸๅ ดๅˆใซใฎใฟใ€ใ€ŒTใ€ใจๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ€‚ ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ ใจใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚
02:59
written, don't write "true". Only write "true" if, with your eyes, you read it, and you see
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ๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œๆœฌๅฝ“ใ€ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็›ฎใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸๅ ดๅˆใซใฎใฟใ€ใ€Œ็œŸๅฎŸใ€ใจๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
03:06
it in the fact. You see it in the reading; write "true". So I'll give you an example
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ชญๆ›ธใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆœฌๅฝ“ใ€ใจๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰
03:11
of this type of question. Here is just a part of a passage. The reading
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ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ ไธ€็ฏ€ใฎใปใ‚“ใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒชใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐ
03:18
is a lot longer, but here is a short version that you might find on the IELTS. "This increase
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ใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š้•ทใใชใ‚Š ใพใ™ใŒใ€IELTS ใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹็Ÿญใ„ใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ‚’ไปฅไธ‹ใซ็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ“ใฎ
03:25
in cybercrime has alarmed many experts." So it would be a long passage. You might see
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ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒใƒผ็Šฏ็ฝชใฎๅข—ๅŠ ใฏใ€ๅคšใใฎๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใ‚’้ฉšใ‹ใ›ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใใฎ ใŸใ‚ใ€้•ทใ„ๆ–‡็ซ ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฟใŸใ„ใชใฎใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
03:33
something like that. And then, at the end of the reading, one of the statements you
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ ใ€่ชญๆ›ธใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซ
03:38
might see might say, "Cyber crime is on the rise." You need to say if this is "true",
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ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ตใ‚คใƒใƒผ็Šฏ็ฝชใฏ ๅข—ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ใ‚’็›ฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œ็œŸใ€ใ€
03:45
"false", or "not given". So how do you know if it's "true", "false", or "not given"?
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ใ€Œๅฝใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏ ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œ็œŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
03:52
My advice to you is first, read the statement: "Cyber crime is on the rise"; underline any
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ใ‚ใชใŸใธใฎ็งใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใฏใ€ใพใš ใ€Œใ‚ตใ‚คใƒใƒผ็Šฏ็ฝชใŒๅข—ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅฃฐๆ˜Žใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ญใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใซไธ‹็ทšใ‚’ๅผ•ใ
04:00
key words. "Cyber crime" -- this is a keyword. "is on the 'rise'" -- that's a keyword, okay?
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ตใ‚คใƒใƒผ็Šฏ็ฝชใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ญใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒไธŠๆ˜‡ไธญใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ญใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
04:12
Then you go back to the reading passage, and you quickly scan for these words or synonyms.
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ๆฌกใซใ€่ชญๆ›ธใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใซๆˆปใ‚Š ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใพใŸใฏๅŒ็พฉ่ชžใ‚’ใ™ใฐใ‚„ใใ‚นใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:23
What are "synonyms"? "Synonyms" are words that mean the same thing but are different
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ใ€ŒๅŒ็พฉ่ชžใ€ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€ŒๅŒ็พฉ่ชžใ€ใจใฏ ใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ‚‚ๅˆฅใฎ
04:29
words. So what is a synonym of "rise"? "Increase", "go up", okay? So let's see if we can find
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่จ€่‘‰ใงใ‚ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใ€ŒไธŠๆ˜‡ใ€ใฎๅฏพ็พฉ่ชžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œๅข—ใˆใ‚‹ใ€ ใ€ŒไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ตใ‚คใƒใƒผ็Šฏ็ฝชใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒไธŠๆ˜‡ใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
04:38
"cyber crime" or "rise". So I would scan the passage -- oh, the word "increase", "cybercrime".
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ใ€‚ ใใ“ใง็งใฏใ€ ใ€Œๅข—ๅŠ ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ตใ‚คใƒใƒผ็Šฏ็ฝชใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:47
So "rise", "increase", okay. So I found a synonym. Now, it's important for me to read
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ŒไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใ€ใ€Œๅข—ใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงๅŒ็พฉ่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€
04:55
very carefully to see if there are any contradictions. What does the sentence say? Does it really
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็Ÿ›็›พใŒใชใ„ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ้žๅธธใซๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่ชญใ‚€ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ใฏไฝ•ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ
05:01
match? "This increase in cyber crime has alarmed many experts." "Cyber crime is on the rise."
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ๅˆใฃใฆใ‚‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒใƒผ็Šฏ็ฝชใฎๅข—ๅŠ ใฏใ€ๅคšใใฎๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใ‚’้ฉšใ‹ใ›ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ตใ‚คใƒใƒผ็Šฏ็ฝชใŒๅข—ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
05:10
Both of these -- both the reading passage and the fact or the statement are saying cyber
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ -- ๆ–‡็ซ  ใจไบ‹ๅฎŸใพใŸใฏๅฃฐๆ˜Žใฎไธกๆ–นใŒใ€ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒใƒผ
05:18
crime is increasing. It's going up. So that would mean it's true. So I could write a "T"
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็Šฏ็ฝชใŒๅข—ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธŠใŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ ใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใ€Œtrueใ€ใฎๆจชใซใ€ŒTใ€ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
05:28
beside this, "true". Okay. One thing to look out for with "true": Sometimes you will see
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œtrueใ€ใงๆณจๆ„ใ™ในใใ“ใจใฎ 1 ใค :
05:38
words like "some", "all", "only", "never", "usually", "often", "sometimes". Be careful
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ใ€Œsomeใ€ใ€ใ€Œallใ€ใ€ใ€Œonlyใ€ใ€ใ€Œneverใ€ใ€ ใ€Œ้€šๅธธใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ—ใฐใ—ใฐใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ใชใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:47
with these words, okay? Because if it says, "Some people in Canada like to eat poutine",
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใญใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใงใฏใƒ—ใƒผใƒใƒณใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใชไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€
05:56
and you see the sentence saying, "Poutine is always eaten by Canadians", even though
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ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ใ€Œใƒ—ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใฏๅธธใซใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ไบบใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใŒ
06:04
you see the two words -- oh, "poutine", "poutine" -- one says "always", one says "some". So
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ใ€ใ€Œใƒ—ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ—ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ€ใจใ„ใ† 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ -- ใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใฏใ€Œใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใฏใ€Œใ„ใใ‚‰ใ‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
06:10
this would not be a true statement. So be on the lookout for "some", "all", "only",
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็œŸใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œไธ€้ƒจใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใ€ใ€Œใฎใฟใ€ใ€
06:15
"never", "usually". This is where they try to trick you on the IELTS. Okay. So now, let
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ใ€Œๆฑบใ—ใฆใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้€šๅธธใ€ใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ ใŒ IELTS ใงใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ใ ใพใใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใงใฏ
06:21
us look at "false". What does it mean if you write "false"?
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ใ€ใ€Œๅฝใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝใ€ใจๆ›ธใใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹?
06:28
Okay. Now, let's talk about "false". What does it mean to be "false" in this section
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œๅฝใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ IELTSใฎ ใ“ใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ€Œๅฝใ€ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ
06:34
of the IELTS? If you write "false" for the fact at the bottom after the reading passage,
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ใงใ™ใ‹? ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ๅพŒใฎไธ€็•ชไธ‹ใฎไบ‹ๅฎŸใซใ€Œๅฝใ€ใจๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€
06:42
it means you're saying the fact is opposite. So if you read the reading passage, you read
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ใใ‚Œใฏไบ‹ๅฎŸใŒๅๅฏพใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ชญๆ›ธใฎไธ€็ฏ€ใ‚’่ชญใ‚€
06:51
the fact, the fact says, "All cats are black." The reading passage says, "Not all cats are
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ใจใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฎ็Œซใฏ้ป’ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ชญๆ›ธใฎไธ€็ฏ€ใซใฏใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฎ็ŒซใŒ้ป’ใ„ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„
06:58
black." That would obviously be "false", okay? So the fact is opposite. And, again, you have
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ€Œๅฝใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไบ‹ๅฎŸใฏๅๅฏพใงใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ
07:07
to look out for words like "all" versus "some", "often" versus "always". This is how they
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ใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใ€ใจใ€Œไธ€้ƒจใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้ ป็นใซใ€ใจใ€Œๅธธใซใ€ใชใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใซๆณจๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ
07:16
trick you. So if it says, "All children should eat broccoli" -- if that's what the fact says.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ใ ใพใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใฆใฎๅญไพ›ใฏใƒ–ใƒญใƒƒใ‚ณใƒชใƒผใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ในใใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œ ใŒไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰.
07:26
In the reading passage, if it says, "Some children should eat broccoli", this would
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่ชญใฟใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใงใ€ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒญใƒƒใ‚ณใƒชใƒผใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ในใๅญไพ›ใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ใ“ใ“ใฏ
07:32
be where you would write "false". So let's look at an example.
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ใ€Œๅฝใ€ใจๆ›ธใใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:37
Let me go to this side so you can see better. "The first personal computer was invented
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ใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ“ใกใ‚‰ๅดใซ่กŒใ‹ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆœ€ๅˆใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใ‚ฝใƒŠใƒซ ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใฏ
07:44
in the 1970s." So this is what it says in the reading passage. It's a long passage,
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1970 ๅนดไปฃใซ็™บๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใง ใ€ๆœ—่ชญใฎ็ฎ‡ๆ‰€ใซใฏใ“ใ†ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:50
imagine, on personal computers, and you come to this section. Now, you look at the fact
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ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒ‘ใƒผใ‚ฝใƒŠใƒซ ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใงใฏ้•ทใ„ไธ€็ฏ€ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใ“ใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅพŒใงไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ™
07:58
afterwards. So you finish reading. Here is the fact. "Personal computers were first invented
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ชญใฟ็ต‚ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒผใ‚ฝใƒŠใƒซใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซ็™บๆ˜Ž
08:05
in 1990." Is this true, false, or not given? Well, what would I do? First thing I would
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ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใฎใฏ1990ๅนดใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็œŸใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ๅฝใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹? ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็งใŒ
08:12
do -- and also I should point out, it's not good to read the passage first. It's better,
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ๆœ€ๅˆใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใฎใฏใ‚ˆใใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
08:18
in my opinion, to look at the fact at the bottom of the passage and then look for information
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็งใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใงใฏใ€ใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใฎไธ‹้ƒจใซใ‚ใ‚‹ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’ ่ฆ‹ใฆ
08:24
in the reading passage. This will save you some time. Now, let's do this how I would
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ชญๆ›ธใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใงๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆŽขใ™ใปใ†ใŒใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’็ฏ€็ด„ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:30
do it if I was doing the IELTS. First, I would look at the statement: "Personal computers
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ใงใฏใ€็งใŒ IELTS ใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใพใš ใ€ใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒผใ‚ฝใƒŠใƒซ ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผ
08:35
were first invented in 1990." I would underline keywords. So we're looking at "personal computers";
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ใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซ็™บๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใฎใฏ 1990 ๅนดใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ญใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใซไธ‹็ทšใ‚’ๅผ•ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒผใ‚ฝใƒŠใƒซ ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:44
we're looking at when they were "invented"; and we're looking at a year. Okay. So I might
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใ€Œ็™บๆ˜Žใ€ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๆ™‚ๆœŸใ‚’่ชฟในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏ1ๅนดใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ้ ญใฎไธญ
08:50
try to think of different words for "invented" in my head quickly: "created", "manufactured"
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ใงใ€Œ็™บๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใฎๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใ™ใใซ่€ƒใˆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹
08:58
-- maybe not true synonyms, but similar -- and "1990". So then, I would do my scan looking
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ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“. ใใ‚Œใง
09:04
for the keywords quickly. "Invented", something that looks like "invented". Okay, "personal
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ใ€ใ‚ญใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ใ™ใฐใ‚„ใใ‚นใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใ—ใฆๆคœ็ดขใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็™บๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็™บๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ ใ€ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚ ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฑใƒผใ€ใ€Œ
09:10
computer", "invented" -- same word, that's easy -- "1970s". Now, I look to see if there's
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ใƒ‘ใ‚ฝใ‚ณใƒณใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็™บๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ -- ๅŒใ˜ๅ˜่ชžใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ -- ใ€Œ1970 ๅนดไปฃใ€ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€็งใฏไธ€่‡ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ™
09:20
a match. I read this carefully, and I compare. "The first personal computer was invented
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ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่ชญใฟใ€ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œๆœ€ๅˆใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใ‚ฝใƒŠใƒซ ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใฏ
09:26
in the 1970s." "Personal computers were first invented in 1990." "1990", "1970s", this statement
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1970 ๅนดไปฃใซ็™บๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒผใ‚ฝใƒŠใƒซใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซ ็™บๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใฎใฏ1990ๅนดใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ1990 ๅนดใ€ใ€ใ€Œ1970 ๅนดไปฃใ€ใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ˜่ฟฐ
09:36
is "false". So it says the opposite, okay? So now, let's look at the hardest choice,
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ใฏใ€Œ่ชคใ‚Šใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€้€†ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚้›ฃใ—ใ„้ธๆŠžใงใ‚ใ‚‹
09:48
"not given". Okay, so now, let's look at "not given" or
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ใ€ŒไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ ใ€ŒไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒNGใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
09:54
"NG". This is, I think, why many people have a very difficult time on this part of the
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบ ใŒใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใฎใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใง้žๅธธใซ่‹ฆๅŠดใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
10:01
test. Usually, "truth" isn't so difficult -- finding things that are true. But the difference
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. ้€šๅธธใ€ใ€Œ็œŸๅฎŸใ€ใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉ้›ฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚็œŸๅฎŸใ‚’ ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
10:07
between "false" and "not given" can really confuse a lot of people. So let's look at
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ใ€Œๅฝใ€ใจใ€ŒไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏ ใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใ‚’ๆททไนฑใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏ
10:12
what they mean by "not given". Okay, so you write "not given" if the fact is not written
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ใ€ใ€ŒไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใงใฏ ใ€ไบ‹ๅฎŸใŒๆœฌๆ–‡ใซๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ŒไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจๆ›ธใ
10:21
in the text, okay? So if it's not there -- if it was written, it would be "true", so it's
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ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใ“ใซใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใคใพใ‚Š ๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œๆœฌๅฝ“ใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ใ€Œๆœฌๅฝ“ใ€ใง
10:28
not "true". And also, you do not see the total opposite of the fact written. If you see the
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ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ ๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบ‹ๅฎŸใจใฏๆญฃๅๅฏพใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏ่ฆ‹ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:37
total opposite, it's "false". But if it's neither "true" nor "false", it's "not given".
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ใพใฃใŸใ้€†ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๅฝใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ ใ€Œ็œŸใ€ใงใ‚‚ใ€Œๅฝใ€ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ŒไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
10:45
All right? So let's look at an example to see what I mean by this.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:49
Let me switch sides. Okay. So, again, you'll have a long reading passage, and this is just
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ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใ•ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€้•ทใ„ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใใฎ
10:56
a section of it. So, "Although once eradicated from Toronto, bed bugs have made a comeback
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ไธ€้ƒจใซใ™ใŽใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œ ใƒˆใ‚ณใ‚ธใƒฉใƒŸใฏใ‹ใคใฆใƒˆใƒญใƒณใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๆ น็ตถใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๅพฉๆดป
11:06
and are now considered one of the leading pests in the city." Okay? So the first thing
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ใ—ใ€็พๅœจ ใงใฏๅธ‚ๅ†…ใฎไธป่ฆใชๅฎณ่™ซใฎ 1 ใคใจ่ฆ‹ใชใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰
11:12
I would do is I would -- I wouldn't even bother reading the reading passage yet; I would go
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็งใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€็งใŒใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ - ็งใฏ ใพใ ่ชญๆ›ธใฎไธ€็ฏ€ใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใ“ใจใ•ใˆๆฐ—ใซใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏ
11:17
straight to the question. So here's the question. So I look at the fact. The fact says, "Rats
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่ณชๅ•ใซใพใฃใ™ใ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใง่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ไบ‹ๅฎŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใƒใ‚บใƒŸ
11:23
are the most common nuisance Torontonians face." Okay. Now, I go back; I scan. Well,
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ใฏใƒˆใƒญใƒณใƒˆไบบใŒ็›ด้ขใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅŽ„ไป‹่€…ใงใ™ใ€ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:32
first, let's underline "rats", "most common", "nuisance", and "Torontonians". So these are
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ใพใšใ€ใ€Œใƒใ‚บใƒŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ€ ใ€ใ€Œ่ฟทๆƒ‘ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒˆใƒญใƒณใƒˆไบบใ€ใซไธ‹็ทšใ‚’ๅผ•ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰
11:43
the keywords. So I'm going to scan, scan, scan, scan. "Although once eradicated from
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ใŒใ‚ญใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใ€ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใ€ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใ€ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‹ใคใฆใƒˆใƒญใƒณใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๆ น็ตถใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใŒ
11:48
Toronto -- okay, so I see the word 'Toronto' -- bed bugs have made a comeback and are now
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ใ€ใ€Žใƒˆใƒญใƒณใƒˆใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใƒˆใ‚ณใ‚ธใƒฉใƒŸใฏๅพฉๆดปใ—ใ€็พๅœจ
11:56
considered one of the leading pests in the city." Okay. So this talks about bed bugs.
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ใงใฏๅธ‚ๅ†…ใฎไธป่ฆใชๅฎณ่™ซใฎ 1 ใคใจ่ฆ‹ใชใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒˆใ‚ณใ‚ธใƒฉใƒŸใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:11
This talks about rats. I don't see anything here about rats. Now, could this be -- could
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒใ‚บใƒŸใฎ่ฉฑใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใƒใ‚บใƒŸใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
12:20
this one be false? Because is it bed bugs are the most common pest that Torontonians
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ๅ˜˜ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ใƒˆใ‚ณใ‚ธใƒฉใƒŸใฏใƒˆใƒญใƒณใƒˆไบบใŒ็›ด้ขใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅฎณ่™ซใชใฎ
12:27
face? Well, if I read this, "bed bugs have made a comeback and are now considered one
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ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ชญใ‚ใฐใ€ใ€Œใƒˆใ‚ณใ‚ธใƒฉใƒŸ ใŒๅพฉๆดปใ—ใ€ไปŠ
12:36
of the leading pests." This does not mean that they are the most common. There could
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ใงใฏไธป่ฆใชๅฎณ่™ซใฎ 1 ใคใจ่ฆ‹ใชใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:42
be something that's more common than them. Maybe rats are the most common nuisance, okay?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€ใƒใ‚บใƒŸใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅŽ„ไป‹่€…ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
12:49
So you've got to be careful with words like "one of the". "One of the leading pests",
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œone of theใ€ใชใฉใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซใฏๆณจๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œไธป่ฆใชๅฎณ่™ซใฎ 1 ใคใ€ใ€
12:54
"the most common". So if I look at this question -- oh, the other thing I forgot to mention:
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ใ€Œๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใค่จ€ใ„ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:02
When you the check for synonyms, in this example, "pest" and "nuisance", these are synonyms.
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ๅŒ็พฉ่ชžใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใงใฏ ใ€Œๅฎณ่™ซใ€ใจใ€Œ่ฟทๆƒ‘ใ€ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅŒ็พฉ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
13:08
So that helps lead me to this area. So in this case, I see nothing about rats being
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใ‚’ใ“ใฎๅˆ†้‡ŽใซๅฐŽใใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใƒใ‚บใƒŸ
13:15
the most common nuisance. It doesn't say, "Rats are the most common nuisance." It also
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ใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅŽ„ไป‹่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใฏๆ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒใ‚บใƒŸใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅŽ„ไป‹่€…ใ ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€
13:20
doesn't say they are not. So in this case, my answer would be "not given".
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ใใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ ๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใฎ็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€ŒไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:32
Now, there are some important things I want to go over just quickly. One of the things
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ™ใใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ„้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
13:37
I want to tell you is even if you read a statement -- okay, you read the passage, you read the
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็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซไผใˆใŸใ„ใ“ใจใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฃฐๆ˜Žใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€ๅฃฐๆ˜Žใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚
13:43
statement -- maybe you study rats at university. Maybe you're an expert, and you know for a
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ใ€ๅคงๅญฆใงใƒใ‚บใƒŸใ‚’็ ”็ฉถใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅคšๅˆ†ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
13:50
fact rats are the most common nuisance Torontonians face. "This is 100 percent true. I know it."
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ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ€ใƒˆใƒญใƒณใƒˆไบบใŒ็›ด้ขใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅŽ„ไป‹่€…ใฏใƒใ‚บใƒŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏ 100% ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ™ใ€‚็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
13:57
If you don't see it in the reading passage, it doesn't matter if it is true or not, okay?
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่ชญใฟ็‰ฉใซๅ‡บ ใฆใ“ใชใ„ใชใ‚‰ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใชใ‚“ใฆ้–ขไฟ‚ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
14:05
Even if you know it's true, if you don't see it, the answer is "not given", okay? So that's
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใ ใจๅˆ†ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€่ฆ‹ใˆใชใ‘ใ‚Œ ใฐ็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€ŒไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
14:13
very important. Another important point is don't spend too
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ใจใฆใ‚‚้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎ้‡่ฆใช ใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใฏ
14:18
much time on each fact because what can happen is maybe there's no information. Maybe it
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎไบ‹ๅฎŸใซๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใ™ใŽใชใ„ใ“ใจ ใงใ™ใ€‚ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒใชใ„ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:29
is a "not given", but if you think "I've got to find it", "I've got to find it", "I've
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ใ€ŒไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ€Œ
14:33
got to find it", and you keep searching, you'll waste a lot of time, and the answer might
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่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใชใใ‚ƒใ€ใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใชใใ‚ƒใ€ใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใชใใ‚ƒใ€ใจๆ€ใฃใฆๆŽขใ—็ถšใ‘ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ๅคšใใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’็„ก้ง„ใซใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€็ญ”ใˆ
14:38
just be it's not there. So it's better to spend some time on it, just a little time,
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ใฏใใ“ใซใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ€
14:45
and guess if you don't know. You can always put a star and go back after. So maybe, if
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏๆŽจๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ€ๅพŒใงๆˆปใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—
14:49
I didn't know this, I'd put a star; I'd move on to the next question, and then I'd take
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็งใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๆ˜Ÿใ‚’ใคใ‘ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆฌกใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ็งปใฃใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใฆใฟใพใ™
14:57
a guess. So that's also a very important point. Okay, so I hope you come visit us at our website:
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ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‚้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใชใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ
15:08
www.engvid.com. There, you can practice a test which will hopefully help you prepare
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www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใฏใ€ IELTS ใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใงใ
15:15
for your IELTS. I hope you will feel more comfortable with this type of question after
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๅฎŸ่ทตใ—ใŸ ๅพŒใ€ใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
15:20
practicing our test. So until next time.
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏๆฌกๅ›žใพใงใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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