Between or Among?

822,162 views ใƒป 2013-03-22

English with Emma


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:03
Hi there. My name is Emma. Today, we have a very exciting lesson for you, a very exciting
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ ็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚จใƒžใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‚จใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใชใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‚จใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใช
00:08
grammar lesson. I know some of you are probably thinking, "Can grammar really be that exciting?"
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฃใฆใใ‚“ใชใซ้ข็™ฝใ„ใฎ๏ผŸใ€ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใจ ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:15
I think yes, yes, it can. We're going to be looking at the difference between "among",
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใฏใ„ใ€ใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
00:20
"amongst", and "between".
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ใ€‚
00:26
What we're going to do is, first, we're going to look at how teachers often tell you what
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็งใŸใกใŒใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซใ€ ๆ•™ๅธซใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้•ใ„ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
00:32
the difference is. I'm going to call this the simple difference between "among" and
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. ใ“ใ‚Œ ใ‚’ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใจใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใฎๅ˜็ด”ใช้•ใ„ใจๅ‘ผใถใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ™
00:38
"between". Then we're going to look at when this simple difference rule doesn't work.
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ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€ ใ“ใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชๅทฎๅˆ†ใƒซใƒผใƒซใŒๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:47
We're going to look at the rule, and then we're going to look at when the rule doesn't
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ใƒซใƒผใƒซ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใƒซใƒผใƒซใŒๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ
00:52
work. Let's get started.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:56
A lot of teachers, and you may have heard this before, they often say that we use "between"
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ๅคšใใฎๆ•™ๅธซใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไปฅๅ‰ใซ่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ
01:03
when we're talking about two of something; maybe two people, two items, two animals,
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ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎ 2 ใคใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€Œbetweenใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ‚ˆใ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€2 ไบบใ€2 ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ†ใƒ ใ€2 ใคใฎๅ‹•็‰ฉใ€
01:12
two objects. We use "among" when we're talking about three or more items. Again, it can be
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2 ใคใฎใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ€‚ 3 ใคไปฅไธŠใฎ้ …็›ฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏใ€ใ€Œ๏ฝžใฎไธญใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™
01:20
people, objects. This is what a lot of teachers say. In general, this rule does work, but
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ใŒใ€ไบบใงใ‚‚็‰ฉใงใ‚‚ใ‹ใพใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅคšใใฎๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€่ˆฌใซใ€ใ“ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใฏๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ™ใŒ
01:30
again, there are many exceptions to this rule, which I will talk about in the second part
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ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใซใฏๅคšใใฎไพ‹ๅค–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†
01:36
of this video.
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ใง่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:38
Let's look at the first sentence, which is an example. "The bill was split between Frank
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ไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆณ•ๆกˆใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฏใจใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใฎ้–“ใงๅˆ†ๅ‰ฒใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ
01:45
and Mark." We have two people, so this is okay. "...between Frank and Mark". "The bill
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ใ€‚ใ€ ไบŒไบบใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€‚ ใ€Œ...ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฏใจใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใฎ้–“ใ€. ใ€Œ่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ๆ›ธ
01:53
was split", meaning... when you go to a restaurant, at the end of your dinner they give you a
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ใฏๅˆ†ๅ‰ฒใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจใฏใ€ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซ่กŒใใจใ€ ๅค•้ฃŸใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซ
01:58
piece of paper and it might say $40 -- this is how much you have to pay. What Frank and
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ไธ€ๆžšใฎ็ด™ใ‚’ๆธกใ•ใ‚Œใ€40 ใƒ‰ใƒซใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹้‡‘้กใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฏใจ
02:06
Mark did is they split the bill "between" them, meaning Frank paid some and Mark paid
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ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใŒ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใฏใ€่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ๆ›ธใ‚’ใ€Œ2ไบบใงใ€ๅˆ†ๅ‰ฒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ— ใŸใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฏใŒไธ€้ƒจใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ใ€ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใŒไธ€้ƒจใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
02:12
some.
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ใ€‚
02:14
A second example: "Between you and me, I think Jane should tell her mom the truth."
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎไพ‹: ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใจ็งใฎ้–“ใงใ€ ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒณใฏใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“ใซ็œŸๅฎŸใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ในใใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
02:23
What does this mean? Again, there are two of us; you and me. Often times we use "between" to
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใŸใกใฏไบŒไบบใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใจ็งใ€‚
02:31
say "let's keep this a secret between us." "Between you and me, I think Jane should tell
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใฎ้–“ใง็ง˜ๅฏ†ใซใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ€ใ€Œbetweenใ€ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใจ็งใฎ้–“ใงใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒณใฏใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“ใซ็œŸๅฎŸใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ในใใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
02:38
her mom the truth." You may have noticed I underlined "me" in red marker. Some people,
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ใ€‚ใ€ ใŠๆฐ—ไป˜ใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ€Œ็งใ€ใซ่ตคใ„ใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใงไธ‹็ทšใ‚’ๅผ•ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€้ƒจใฎไบบใ€…ใ€
02:46
especially native speakers, think this is "I". They think "Between you and I, I think
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็‰นใซใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€Œ็งใ€ใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใจ็งใฎ้–“ใงใ€
02:54
Jane should tell her mom the truth." This is in fact incorrect. Because "between" is
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ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒณใฏใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“ใซ็œŸๅฎŸใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ในใใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๆญฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ between
03:00
a preposition, it should be "me" after, but you will hear a lot of people say, "between
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ใฏๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€ๅพŒใซใฏ me ใซใชใ‚Š ใพใ™ใŒใ€between you and I ใจ่จ€ใ†ไบบใŒๅคšใ„
03:05
you and I". You'll hear it all the time. It's not grammatically correct.
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ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’่žใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซๆญฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:10
In our third example, we're using "among". "Among the books, I saw an old photo." Books
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3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆœฌใฎไธญใซใ€ๅคใ„ๅ†™็œŸใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ๆœฌ
03:20
-- there're more than two in this case. It might not be clear, but I'm talking about
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-- ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ 2 ใคไปฅไธŠใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ˜Ž็ขบใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็งใฏ 2 ๅ†ŠไปฅไธŠใฎๆœฌใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
03:24
more than two books. Another sentence: "I walked among the trees."
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ใ€‚ ๅˆฅใฎๆ–‡๏ผš ใ€Œ็งใฏๆœจใ€…ใฎ้–“ใ‚’ๆญฉใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
03:32
Now we're going to look at when this rule, two items versus three+ items, does not apply,
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ“ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซ (2 ๅ“็›ฎๅฏพ 3 ๅ“็›ฎไปฅไธŠ) ใŒ้ฉ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใจ
03:39
when this rule doesn't work.
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ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใŒๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:45
If you look over here, we have "between", "between", and "between". On this side, we
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ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใ ใจใ€ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใกใ‚‰ๅดใซ
03:54
have "among", "among", and "among". What do you notice about these sentences? Take a second
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ใฏใ€ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ™ใ‹?
04:03
to read them. "I must choose between U of T, UBC, and McMaster University." Are there
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏ T ๅคงๅญฆใ€UBCใ€ใƒžใ‚ฏใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผๅคงๅญฆใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚’้ธใฐใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใ€
04:10
two items in that sentence? No, there're three items, and yet, we use "between". Same with
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ใใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏ2ใคใฎ้ …็›ฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹? ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€้ …็›ฎใŒ 3 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:17
the next one: "There was an agreement between members of the Justin Bieber Fan Club, the
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ใ€Œ ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใƒปใƒ“ใƒผใƒใƒผใƒปใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ–ใ€
04:22
Katy Perry Fan Club, and The Black Sabbath Fan Club." Again, we have three items. We
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ใ‚ฑใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒปใƒšใƒชใƒผใƒปใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ–ใ€ใƒ–ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒปใ‚ตใƒใ‚นใƒป ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ–ใฎใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผ้–“ใงๅˆๆ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ†ใƒ ใฏ 3 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:29
could even add to those; we could say the Marilyn Manson Fan Club, and KISS Nation,
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใƒžใƒชใƒชใƒณใƒปใƒžใƒณใ‚ฝใƒณใฎใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ–ใ‚„KISS Nation
04:35
for example.
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ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
04:36
Here again, "There is a trade agreement between Mexico, Canada, and the United States." I
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œ ใƒกใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚ณใ€ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ็ฑณๅ›ฝใฎ้–“ใซใฏ่ฒฟๆ˜“ๅ”ๅฎšใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:45
said before that we use "between" for two, and "among" for three, but you see here, this
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ๅ‰ใซใ€ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใฏ 2 ใคใ€ ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใฏ 3 ใคใ‚’่กจใ™ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
04:51
isn't the case. My point is, although "between" is often used "between" two things, it's not
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ใŒใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใŒ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ ใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐ 2 ใคใฎใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใŒใ€
04:59
always. Sometimes, "between" is used with more than two things. How do we know when
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ๅธธใซใใ†ใจใฏ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใฏ 2 ใคไปฅไธŠใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ๅค–ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ
05:06
to use "among" and when to use "between" in this case for these exceptions? We use "among"
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ใ„ใคใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ใ„ใคใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹?
05:13
when we're talking about groups, where the group is general, there aren't specified members,
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ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€Œไธญใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ— ใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใฏใชใ
05:21
and it's a mass of people; an undefined group, you could call it. I'm calling it a group noun.
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ใ€ไบบใ€…ใฎ้›†ใพใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆœชๅฎš็พฉใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ‘ผใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็พคๅ่ฉžใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:32
An example: "I must choose among universities in Canada." I'm not talking about specific
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ไพ‹: ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใฎๅคงๅญฆใฎไธญใ‹ใ‚‰้ธใฐใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใ€ ็‰นๅฎšใฎๅคงๅญฆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
05:41
universities; I'm talking about universities as a whole. Compare this to where we use "between".
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ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅคงๅญฆๅ…จไฝ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:50
We use "between" when we're talking about individual relationships, or one-to-one relationships.
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ๅ€‹ใ€…ใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใ€ใพใŸใฏไธ€ๅฏพไธ€ใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏใ€ใ€Œbetweenใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:57
For example, "I must choose between the University of Toronto, the University of British Columbia,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ ใƒˆใƒญใƒณใƒˆๅคงๅญฆใ€ใƒ–ใƒชใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅ ใ‚ณใƒญใƒณใƒ“ใ‚ขๅคงๅญฆ
06:06
and McMaster University." In this case, we're talking about universities as a whole group;
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ใ€ใƒžใ‚ฏใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผๅคงๅญฆใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ๅ…จไฝ“ใจใ—ใฆใฎๅคงๅญฆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:12
in this case we're talking about the relationship between me and U of T, me and UBC, and myself
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆ ใ€็งใจ T ๅคงๅญฆใ€็งใจ UBCใ€็ง
06:21
and McMaster University. If you compare these two sentences, I'm hoping it will become a
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ใจใƒžใ‚ฏใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผๅคงๅญฆใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
06:29
little bit clearer to you.
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ใฏๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใชใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:32
Let's look at another example. "There was an agreement among all members." We're not
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œ ใ™ในใฆใฎใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใฎ้–“ใงๅˆๆ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
06:39
talking about specific members with specific names; we're talking about members as a whole
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็‰นๅฎšใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’ๆŒใค็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ๅ…จไฝ“ใจใ—ใฆใฎใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
06:44
group. It's considered a mass noun, a collective group. If we compare this to "There was an
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ้›†ๅ›ฃๅ่ฉžใ€้›†ๅ›ฃใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใจ่ฆ‹ใชใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€Œ
06:55
agreement between members of the Justin Bieber Fan Club, the Katy Perry Fan Club, and the
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ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใƒปใƒ“ใƒผใƒใƒผใƒป ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใƒปใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ–ใ€ใ‚ฑใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒปใƒšใƒชใƒผใƒปใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใƒปใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ–ใ€
07:01
Black Sabbath Fan Club.", we're now talking about a one-to-one relationship: there was
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ใƒ–ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒปใ‚ตใƒใ‚นใƒปใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใƒปใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ–ใฎใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผ้–“ใงๅˆๆ„ใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ€ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใจ ใ€1 ๅฏพ 1 ใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:07
an agreement between the Justin Bieber Fan Club and the Katy Perry Fan Club; the Justin
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ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใƒปใƒ“ใƒผใƒใƒผใฎใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณ ใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ–ใจใ‚ฑใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒปใƒšใƒชใƒผใฎใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ–ใจใฎ้–“ใฎๅฅ‘็ด„ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใƒป
07:14
Bieber Fan Club and the Black Sabbath Fan Club; the Justin Bieber Fan Club and, if we
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ใƒ“ใƒผใƒใƒผใƒปใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ–ใจใƒ–ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒปใ‚ตใƒใ‚นใƒปใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณ ใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ–ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณ ใƒ“ใƒผใƒใƒผ ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณ ใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ–ใ€ใใ—ใฆ
07:19
had KISS Nation, KISS Nation. There was an agreement between the Katy Perry Fan Club
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KISS Nation ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐ KISS Nation ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฑใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒปใƒšใƒชใƒผใƒปใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใƒปใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ–ใจใƒ–ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒปใ‚ตใƒใ‚นใƒปใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใƒปใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ–ใฎ้–“ใงๅ”ๅฎšใŒ็ตใฐ
07:25
and Black Sabbath Fan Club, and so forth. The main thing is we're talking about one-to-one relationships.
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ใ‚ŒใŸใชใฉใ€‚ ้‡่ฆใช ใ“ใจใฏใ€1 ๅฏพ 1 ใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:37
Our third example: "Trade agreements exist among countries." We're not talking about
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3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎไพ‹: ใ€Œ ๅ›ฝใฎ้–“ใซใฏ่ฒฟๆ˜“ๅ”ๅฎšใŒๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ็งใŸใกใฏๅ€‹ๅˆฅใฎๅ›ฝใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆ
07:45
distinct countries, we're not talking about specific countries, we're talking about countries
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ใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ›ฝใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ ใ€ๅ›ฝ
07:51
as a group, as a collective whole; whereas in this case, "There is a trade agreement
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ใ‚’ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใจใ—ใฆใ€ๅ…จไฝ“ใจใ—ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€ๆ–น ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œ
07:59
between Mexico," -- which is a distinct country -- "Canada," -- again specified individual
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ใƒกใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚ณใจใฎ้–“ใง่ฒฟๆ˜“ๅ”ๅฎšใŒ็ท ็ตใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ -- ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅˆฅๅ€‹ใฎๅ›ฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ -- ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใ€ -- ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ๅ€‹ใ€…ใฎ
08:06
country - "and the United States." If you compare these sentences, you'll notice, here
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ๅ›ฝใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ—ใŸ -- ใ€ŒใŠใ‚ˆใณ็ฑณๅ›ฝใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ“ใ“
08:13
it's looking at a whole, a group as a whole, and when we use "between", it's looking at
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ใงใฏๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œbetweenใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
08:19
one-to-one relationships.
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1 ๅฏพ 1 ใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใจใ€Œ้–“ใ€
08:22
Let's look at some more examples of when we would use "between" versus "among".
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ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
08:31
Okay, I just explained some of the difficult rules, now we're going to look at some of the easier
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ๆฌกใซใ€
08:38
rules between "between" and "among". One easy rule is when we use the word "difference".
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ใ€Œbetweenใ€ใจใ€Œamongใ€ใฎ้–“ใฎใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ฐกๅ˜ใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฐกๅ˜ใช ใƒซใƒผใƒซใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€ใ€Œ้•ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ™ใ€‚
08:47
If you have the word "difference" in the sentence, use "between". For example: "There is a difference
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ๆ–‡ไธญใซใ€Œๅทฎใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไพ‹: ใ€Œ
08:54
between the Canadian, the Australian, and the New Zealand accent." Anytime you see difference
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ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใ€ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒชใ‚ขใ€ ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ธใƒผใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใซใฏ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใŸใณใซ
09:04
- "There is a difference between cats, dogs, and polar bears." Another example: "There
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- ใ€Œ็Œซใ€็Šฌใ€ใƒ›ใƒƒใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฏใ‚ฐใƒžใซใฏ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹: ใ€Œ
09:11
is a difference between DVDs, Blu-Ray discs, and VHS tapes." Anytime you see "difference",
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DVDใ€Blu-Ray ใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚นใ‚ฏใ€ ใŠใ‚ˆใณ VHS ใƒ†ใƒผใƒ—ใซใฏ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ "difference" ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‹ใ‘ใŸใ‚‰ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚
09:21
use "between". Opposite to this, when we use "distribute", use "among". For example: "The
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"between" ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใจใฏ้€†ใซใ€ ใ€Œ้…ๅธƒใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไพ‹: ใ€Œ
09:33
tips were distributed among the waitresses." You see the word "distribute", use "among".
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ใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใฏใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚คใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฎ้–“ใง้…ๅธƒใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ "distribute" ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใŒใ€"among" ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:45
Next, let's talk about location. Often, we use "between" and "among" when we're talking
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใชๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใคใ„ใฆ ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏใ€ใ€Œbetweenใ€ใจใ€Œamongใ€ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ—
09:51
about physical location. When we use "between", we're talking about a specific path or point.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒ‘ใ‚นใพใŸใฏใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:00
For example, Bolivia -- it's a country in South America - it "lies between Chile, Peru,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใƒœใƒชใƒ“ใ‚ขใฏ ๅ—ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎๅ›ฝใงใ€ใ€Œใƒใƒชใ€ใƒšใƒซใƒผใ€
10:11
Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay." I think Paraguay, from what I remember. "Bolivia lies
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ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซใ€ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ผใƒณใƒใƒณใ€ใƒ‘ใƒฉใ‚ฐใ‚ขใ‚คใฎ้–“ใซไฝ็ฝฎใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚ ็งใฎ ่จ˜ๆ†ถใงใฏใƒ‘ใƒฉใ‚ฐใ‚ขใ‚คใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒœใƒชใƒ“ใ‚ขใฏ
10:26
between Chile, Peru, Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay." If we drew this on a map... I know
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ใ€ใƒใƒชใ€ใƒšใƒซใƒผใ€ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซใ€ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ผใƒณใƒใƒณใ€ ใƒ‘ใƒฉใ‚ฐใ‚ขใ‚คใฎ้–“ใซไฝ็ฝฎใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅœฐๅ›ณใซๆใ„ใŸใ‚‰โ€ฆ
10:35
Bolivia doesn't look like a circle, but just pretend for a second. We can have Chile here,
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ใƒœใƒชใƒ“ใ‚ขใŒๅ††ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใชใ„ใฎใฏๅˆ†ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ ใตใ‚Šใ‚’ใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซใƒใƒชใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ
10:42
Peru here, Brazil here, Argentina here, and Paraguay here. I know South America looks
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ใƒšใƒซใƒผใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ผใƒณใƒใƒณใ€ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ“ใซ ใƒ‘ใƒฉใ‚ฐใ‚ขใ‚คใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ—ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใŒ
10:49
nothing like this; this kind of looks like a flower. Just for you to understand the idea,
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใชใ„ใ“ใจใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ็จฎใฏ่Šฑใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฟตใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่จ€ใ†ใจ
10:58
with "between" you should be able to put an X. It's something specified.
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ใ€ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใซใฏ X ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
11:06
Another example; sometimes we talk about when we're walking. "I walked between the trees
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎไพ‹; ๆ™‚ใ€… ็งใŸใกใฏๆญฉใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏๆœจใจๅฎถใฎ้–“ใ‚’ๆญฉใ„ใŸ
11:16
and the house." This is a path; it's a defined path. Compare this to "among". When we use
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ใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒ‘ใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅฎš็พฉใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใƒ‘ใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
11:25
"among", there is no defined path. If I had a picture like this with a whole bunch of
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ใ€ๅฎš็พฉใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใƒ‘ใ‚นใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆœจใŒๅ†™ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ†™็œŸใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐ
11:31
trees I could say, "I am among the trees." -- meaning you can't really put an X where
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ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๆœจใฎไธญใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ -- ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็งใŒใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ X ใ‚’็ฝฎใใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“
11:38
I am. Here, you can put an X; it's a defined path. You know where I am. When I'm talking
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซ X ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅฎš็พฉใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใƒ‘ใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใŒใฉใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:45
about "among the trees", it's not specific.
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ใ€Œๆœจใ€…ใฎ้–“ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:52
Now let's learn about the word "amongst", and then we will do a quiz together.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ€Œไธญใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซใคใ„ใฆๅญฆใณใ€ ไธ€็ท’ใซใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
11:59
At the top of the board, I have the word "amongst", and I have the example, "Talk amongst yourselves."
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ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใฎไธ€็•ชไธŠใซใ€Œ๏ฝžใฎ้–“ใงใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ€Œ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŸใกใฎ้–“ใง่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:09
I hear this fairly often; teachers use it a lot in Canada. In the United States, people
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š้ ป็นใซ่€ณใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใงใฏๆ•™ๅธซใŒใ‚ˆใไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฑณๅ›ฝใงใฏใ€ไบบใ€…
12:17
don't usually like to use "amongst"; they find that old-fashioned and archaic, meaning
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ใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฅฝใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๆ™‚ไปฃ้…ใ‚Œใงๅค้ขจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
12:23
they don't really use it that often. In the United States, you would probably use "among";
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ใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉ้ ป็นใซใฏไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็ฑณๅ›ฝใงใฏใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:29
you wouldn't use "amongst". In Canada, sometimes, and in Britain, you'll hear people sometimes
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ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใฏไฝฟใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใงใฏๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ ใใ—ใฆใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใงใฏใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒ
12:36
say "amongst". This is a difference between American English and British English, and
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ใ€Œไธญใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™. ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใจใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ้•ใ„ใงใ€
12:45
it's often used just like "among".
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ใ€Œamongใ€ใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:49
Let's look at two different meanings of "among". The first one I have is: "among" can also
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ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใฎ2ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็งใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œไธญใ€ใฏ
12:55
mean "included in". What do I mean by this? I have an example sentence; "Among those in
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ใ€Œๅซใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
13:02
the audience was Arnold Schwarzenegger." In this case, I mean included in the audience,
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่ด่ก†ใฎไธญใซใฏใ‚ขใƒผใƒŽใƒซใƒ‰ใƒปใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใƒซใƒ„ใ‚งใƒใƒƒใ‚ฌใƒผใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€่ด่ก†ใฎ
13:11
there was Arnold Schwarzenegger. He was in the audience, he was included in the audience.
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ไธญใซใ‚ขใƒผใƒŽใƒซใƒ‰ใƒปใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใƒซใƒ„ใ‚งใƒใƒƒใ‚ฌใƒผใŒใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ ่ด่ก†ใฎไธญใซใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ๅฝผใฏ่ด่ก†ใซๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:16
"Among" can also mean "one of". For example, "Lake Huron is among the largest freshwater
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ใ€ŒAmongใ€ใฏใ€Œ๏ฝžใฎใ†ใกใฎใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ€Œใƒ’ใƒฅใƒผใƒญใƒณๆน–ใฏไธ–็•Œๆœ€ๅคงใฎๆทกๆฐด
13:29
lakes in the world." -- meaning it's one of the largest freshwater lakes in the world;
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ๆน–ใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ -- ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€ไธ–็•Œๆœ€ๅคงใฎๆทกๆฐดๆน–ใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
13:34
not the largest, but one of the largest. We can also use "among" to mean these two things,
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ๆœ€ๅคงใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๆœ€ๅคงใฎ1ใคใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
13:41
and you'll see this is very common.
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ใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:44
Now let's do three test questions together. Number one: "There is a difference ________
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไธ€็ท’ใซ 3 ใคใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆๅ•้กŒใ‚’่งฃใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ 1ใค็›ฎ๏ผšใ€Œใใ‚Œใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚________ใฎ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
13:54
then or than." Do you think it's "among" or "between"? "There is a difference ________
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใจใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใฎ้ ƒใจใงใฏ________้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
14:03
then or than." One thing I would notice first of all, the word "difference", that's a hint.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใพใšๆœ€ๅˆใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใฎ ใฏใ€ใ€Œ้•ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
14:10
Secondly, we only have two items, so that's another hint. If you said...
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ†ใƒ ใŒ 2 ใคใ—ใ‹ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‚ใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใชใ‚‰...
14:17
"between", you're correct. "There is a difference between then and than."
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ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œthen ใจ than ใซใฏ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
14:24
Sentence number two: "We have a traitor ________ us." In this case, what do you think it is?
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ๆ–‡็•ชๅท 2:ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใซใฏ่ฃๅˆ‡ใ‚Š่€… ________ ใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไฝ•ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
14:38
If you said "among", you're correct. We're looking at "us" as a whole group, not distinct individuals.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ€Œไธญใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ ใ€ๅ€‹ๅˆฅใฎๅ€‹ไบบใงใฏใชใใ€ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ๅ…จไฝ“ใจใ—ใฆใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:51
Number three; so either "among" or "between". "________ cooking, studying, and working,
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ๆ•ฐ3; ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ________ ๆ–™็†ใ€ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ€ไป•ไบ‹
14:58
I have no time to play video games." Do you think it's "between" or "among"?
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ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ช ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใจใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
15:06
Okay, so I know there are three objects, but are they a group, or are they individual? They're individual.
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3 ใคใฎใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ ๅ€‹ๅˆฅใงใ™ใ‹? ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ€‹ๆ€ง็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:18
"Between cooking, studying, and working, I have no time to play video games."
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ใ€Œๆ–™็†ใ€ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใฎๅˆ้–“ใซใ€ ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
15:24
I invite you to come practice the difference between "among" and "between" at our website,
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็ง ใŸใกใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใงใ€ใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใจใ€Œ้–“ใ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’
15:30
at www.engvid.com . We have a quiz there, so you can double-check to make sure you get
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ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
15:37
the meaning. Until next time, take care.
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ใ€‚ ๆฌกๅ›žใพใงใ€ใŠๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€‚
15:43
Learn English for free www.engvid.com
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็„กๆ–™ใง่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถ www.engvid.com

Original video on YouTube.com
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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