English Pronunciation for Brazilians

1,011,026 views ใƒป 2021-03-03

English with Emma


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hello, my friends. My name is Emma; and in today's video, I am going to talk
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏ็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใ€‚ ็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚จใƒžใงใ™; ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏใ€ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซไบบใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใŒ
00:05
about some of the common mistakes I hear my Brazilian students make. So, before
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็Šฏใ—ใŒใกใชใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹้–“้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œ
00:12
we get to that, there are a couple of things I wanted to say. The first thing
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ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€
00:16
is: I love Brazil. I love Brazilian culture, I love Brazilian food, and I
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็งใฏใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซใฎ ๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ€ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซๆ–™็†ใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ€
00:23
have many Brazilian friends. The reason why I tell you this is because I hear
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ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซไบบใฎๅ‹้”ใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†็†็”ฑใฏใ€
00:29
many Brazilian speakers making the same kinds of mistakes. So, I wanted to
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ๅคšใใฎใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซไบบใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒๅŒใ˜ ็จฎ้กžใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™. ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
00:36
create this video to help my friends out, to help my students out, and to
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใฆใ€ๅ‹้”ใ‚„็”Ÿ ๅพ’ใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไธŠ้”ใ•ใ›ใ‚ˆ
00:40
help any Brazilians out who are trying to improve their English. There are many
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ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซไบบใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใƒˆใƒญใƒณใƒˆใซใฏใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซไบบใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ„
00:47
Brazilians in Toronto. It's a great city. If you ever want to learn English
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ ่ก—ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆตทๅค–ใง่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใณใŸใ„ใชใ‚‰
00:53
abroad, I highly recommend coming to Toronto to learn English. It's an
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ใ€ ใƒˆใƒญใƒณใƒˆใซๆฅใฆ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผทใใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏ
00:58
excellent place to study. In the past and currently, I have many Brazilian
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็ตถๅฅฝใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ้ŽๅŽป ใ‚‚็พๅœจใ‚‚ใ€็งใซใฏๅคšใใฎใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซไบบ
01:06
students. Many people from Brazil come to Toronto to learn English. So, this is
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็•™ๅญฆ็”ŸใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซใ‹ใ‚‰ๅคšใใฎไบบ ใŒใƒˆใƒญใƒณใƒˆใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใณใซๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
01:12
actually a group of students I have a lot of experience with and experience
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็งใŒ ๅคšใใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’ๆŒใกใ€
01:17
helping.
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ๆ”ฏๆดใ—ใŸ็ตŒ้จ“ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๅญฆ็”Ÿใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใงใ™.
01:19
So, what have I noticed about my Brazilian students overall? I have
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ใงใฏใ€ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿๅ…จไฝ“ใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใซๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใŸใฎ ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
01:25
noticed many of my Brazilians... many of my Brazilian students speak excellent
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็งใฎใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซไบบใฎๅคšใใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸ... ็งใฎใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซไบบใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใฎๅคšใใฏๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸ
01:31
English; they're very easy to understand. They have great opinions or
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้žๅธธใซ ็†่งฃใ—ใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
01:36
interesting opinions on many different topics. So, I love having Brazilian
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ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใคใ„ใฆ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚„่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซไบบ
01:42
students. The conversations are always very exciting when I have Brazilian
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ๅญฆ็”ŸใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซไบบใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใจใฎไผš่ฉฑใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅˆบๆฟ€็š„
01:47
students. But there's one thing that I've also noticed, and that is that many
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ็งใŒๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใŸใ“ใจใ‚‚ 1 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅคšใใฎ
01:52
Brazilian students make the same pronunciation mistakes. So, in this
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ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซไบบๅญฆ็”ŸใŒๅŒใ˜ ็™บ้Ÿณใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏ
01:58
video, I'm going to tell you about some of the most common pronunciation
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02:03
mistakes I hear my Brazilian students make, and how we can correct those
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ใ€ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซไบบใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใŒใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹็™บ้Ÿณใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใจใ€ ใใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™
02:07
mistakes. So, let's get started. Okay. So, the first mistake I hear many
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅคšใใฎ
02:15
Brazilian students make is their pronunciation of "ed". When I hear
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ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซไบบๅญฆ็”ŸใŒ็Šฏใ™ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้–“้•ใ„ ใฏใ€Œedใ€ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
02:21
Brazilian students pronounce "ed" for past tense verbs, they often make the
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ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ‚’ใ€Œedใ€ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใใจ ใ€
02:28
sound "id". So, I will hear Brazilian students say: "wantid", "workid",
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ใ€Œidใ€ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซใฎ ๅญฆ็”ŸใŒใ€Œwantidใ€ใ€ใ€Œworkidใ€ใ€
02:34
"playid". They pronounce "ed" the same way in each of these cases. But the
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ใ€Œplayidใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’่žใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œedใ€ใฏๅŒใ˜ ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—
02:40
correct pronunciation is a little strange, because in English, "ed"
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€ใ€Œedใ€ใฏ
02:45
actually is pronounced in three different ways. Sometimes "ed" is
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ 3 ใคใฎ ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใง็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ„็™บ้Ÿณใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใงใ™ใ€‚ "ed" ใฏ
02:51
pronounced like "id" โ€” so, that's true โ€” for example: "wanted" โ€” it sounds like
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"id" ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ โ€” ใใฎ ใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ โ€” ไพ‹: "wanted" โ€”
02:57
"id" โ€” sometimes "ed" is pronounced like "t" sound. So, a "t" sound; a "t" sound.
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"id" ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ โ€” ๆ™‚ใ€… "ed" ใฏ "t" ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œtใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒˆใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใ€‚
03:06
So, for example: "worked". So it's not: "workid"; it's: "workt". And sometimes
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œๅƒใ„ใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ€Œworkidใ€ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใƒฏใƒผใƒˆใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€
03:14
"ed" is pronounced as a "d" sound, or a "d" sound, like in: "played". So, this
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"ed" ใฏ "d" ้Ÿณใ€ใพใŸใฏ "played" ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ "d" ้Ÿณใจใ—ใฆ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
03:24
is one of the common pronunciation mistakes that I hear.
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ใฏ็งใŒใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹็™บ้Ÿณใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ ใ€‚
03:28
So, let's talk about ways to improve our pronunciation with this, and we'll also
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ— ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€ๆฌกใฎใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚
03:33
talk about: "How do you know how do you pronounce 'ed'? How do you know if it's
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03:39
pronounced like: 'id', 't', or 'd'?" So, my first tip when it comes to
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่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€ใพใŸใฏ 'd'?" ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
03:45
pronouncing "ed" is that for words that have that "t" sound... If this is a
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ใ€Œedใ€ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹็งใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆ ใฏใ€ใ€Œtใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ๅ˜่ชžใงใ™...ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ˆใ
03:52
mistake you're making a lot, I recommend doing what I'm going to show you. I
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้–“้•ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ . ็ง
03:58
have, here: "work" and a "t" or a "t" sound. Sometimes using things, like our
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ใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ€Œไป•ไบ‹ใ€ใจใ€Œtใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œtใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆŒ‡ใชใฉใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใ€
04:05
fingers, can actually help our brain to remember pronunciation. So, what I would
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่„ณใŒ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Š
04:10
do is I would write the verb, and then I would write how we pronounce "ed" โ€” in
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ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ€ๆฌกใซ ใ€Œedใ€ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:17
this case, it's a "t" sound โ€” and I would actually use my finger to combine
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œtใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซๆŒ‡ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ
04:23
these together. So, instead of saying: "workid", I would say: "workt",
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œworkidใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ ใ€ใ€Œworktใ€ใ€ใ€Œworkedใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
04:30
"worked". And then the faster you go, the easier it actually becomes to
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€้€Ÿใ้€ฒใ‚€ใปใฉ ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ
04:35
pronounce. "Worked". Okay? So, it's one syllable; one clear line: "worked". Now,
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็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใ‚„ใ™ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅƒใ„ใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ 1 ใคใฎ ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ 1 ใคใฎๆ˜Ž็ขบใช่กŒ:ใ€Œๅƒใ„ใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
04:43
this is very different from a word, like: "wanted". In this case, it has two
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€Œๆฌฒใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่จ€่‘‰ใจใฏๅคงใใ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€2 ใคใฎ
04:50
syllables; it has the "want" and it has the "ed" syllable. So, if I pronounce
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้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œwantใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ใ€Œedใ€้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณ
04:57
this, I would say: "wantid", "wanted". So, you see, there's two parts; two
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œwantidใ€ใ€ใ€Œwantedใ€ใจใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ”่ฆงใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€2 ใคใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:03
syllables to the pronunciation of this; whereas with "worked", it's just one:
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this ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซ 2 ใคใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ€‚ ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ใ€Œไฝœๆฅญๆธˆใฟใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œไฝœๆฅญๆธˆใฟใ€ใฎ 1 ใคใ ใ‘
05:10
"worked".
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:12
So, now let's look at how we would do a pronunciation with this "d" sound. So,
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใ€Œdใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใงใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
05:19
again, here, I've written a verb: "play" and the "ed" sound in "play" is a "d"
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ—ใŸ: "play" ใงใ€"play" ใฎ "ed" ใฎ้Ÿณใฏ "d" ใฎ
05:27
sound. So, what I can do to stop saying: "playid" is I can actually take my
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้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œplayidใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซๆŒ‡ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใ€
05:34
finger and just do it in one, smooth, continuous pronunciation: "played",
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ใ€Œplayedใ€ใ€ใ€Œplayedใ€ใจใ„ใ† 1 ใคใฎใ‚นใƒ ใƒผใ‚บใง้€ฃ็ถšใ—ใŸ็™บ้Ÿณใง็™บ้Ÿณใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
05:44
"played". Okay? So, this is different from saying it as: "playid". Instead,
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œplayidใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€
05:51
we're linking it all together into one syllable: "played". Okay? This might
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ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ 1 ใคใฎ ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ€Œplayedใ€ใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏ
05:58
take time, especially if you have been pronouncing "id" for all verbs for a
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ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚็‰นใซ ใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’้•ทใ„้–“ใ€Œidใ€ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใชใŠใ•ใ‚‰ใงใ™
06:05
long time. It takes time to change your pronunciation, but I highly recommend
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ใ€‚ ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใซใฏๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผทใใŠๅ‹งใ‚
06:10
practicing this because this will help you... it will help people understand
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ใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œ
06:17
you better, and it will help your... your accent as well. So, now, let's look
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ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚ˆใ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใ‚‚ๆ”นๅ–„ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:24
at: "How do we know when we pronounce 'ed' as 'id'? How do we know when we
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ใ€Œใ€Žedใ€ใ‚’ใ€Židใ€ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸ
06:30
pronounce it like a 't' sound? And how do we know when we pronounce it like a
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ใ€Žtใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸใใ—ใฆใ€Žaใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸใ€
06:34
'd' sound?"
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ใ€Œใƒ‰ใ€ใฃใฆ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹๏ผŸใ€
06:35
Okay. Quick quiz. How many different ways are there to pronounce "ed" ending?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใ‚คใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ€‚ ่ชžๅฐพใฎใ€Œedใ€ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซใฏใ€ไฝ•็จฎ้กžใฎ็™บ้Ÿณๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
06:45
The correct answer is: Three. There are three different ways to pronounce "ed"
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ๆญฃ่งฃใฏ๏ผš3ใคใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใง ใ€Œedใ€ใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€3 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹็™บ้Ÿณๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
06:51
in English. So, now, I'm going to tell you: "How do you know when to pronounce
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ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไปŠใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่จ€ใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Š ใงใ™๏ผšใ€Œใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ„ใค
06:57
it like 'id'? How do you know when to pronounce 'ed' like 't'? And how do you
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ใ€Œidใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œedใ€ใ‚’ใ€Œtใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ‚’ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:03
know when to pronounce 'ed' like 'd'?" Well, let's get started with the easiest
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ed' like 'd'?ใ€ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใชไพ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:08
example, and that is when "ed" sounds like "id". We pronounce "ed" like "id"
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€Œedใ€ใŒ ใ€Œidใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ™ใ€‚
07:16
when a verb ends in "t" or "d". So, this might be confusing; but when you see
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ€Œtใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œdใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œidใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€Œedใ€ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏ็ด›ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
07:25
examples, it becomes a little easier to understand. If you look here, I have the
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ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅฐ‘ใ— ็†่งฃใ—ใ‚„ใ™ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€
07:30
verb: "need". "I need something." Now, if I want to talk about the past and use
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ใ€Œๅฟ…่ฆใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ "็งใซใฏไฝ•ใ‹ๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚" ไปŠ ใ€้ŽๅŽปใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
07:38
this verb, I add "ed". So, how do we pronounce "ed", here? Well, I look at
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ใ€ใ€Œedใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™. ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ€Œedใ€ใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™ใ‹? ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹
07:45
this... this sound: "need" โ€” okay, it has a "d" sound at the end of "need", so
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ใฆ... ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณ: "need" โ€” ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฑใƒผใ€ "need" ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซ "d" ใฎ้ŸณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
07:54
this becomes: "needid" โ€” "needed". Okay? So, this is probably how you are
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ "needid" โ€” "needed" ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ใชใŸใŒไปŠใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™
08:01
pronouncing this right now anyways, because like I said, Brazilians often
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ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซไบบใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐ
08:06
use the "id" sound for "ed". So, you don't have to change this; you're
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ใ€Œedใ€ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€Œidใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
08:11
probably pronouncing it correctly: "needed". Okay.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™๏ผš ใ€Œๅฟ…่ฆใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
08:16
I also said: We can pronounce "ed" like a "id" when the ending of a verb is a
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็งใฏใพใŸ่จ€ใฃใŸ๏ผš ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใ€Œtใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ€Œedใ€ใฏใ€Œidใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใงใใ‚‹
08:23
"t" sound. So, if you look, here, we have: "want" is the verb โ€” it ends in a
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. ใ”่ฆงใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œwantใ€ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ€
08:30
"t" sound. So, when we change "want" to the past, we add "ed" and we pronounce
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ใ€Œtใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œwantใ€ใ‚’้ŽๅŽปใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใจใใฏ ใ€ใ€Œedใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ€
08:37
this as: "wantid": "I wanted to see you yesterday", for example. It's the same
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ใ€Œwantidใ€: ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅไผšใ„ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸ ใ€ใชใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:46
with this word: "wait". So, we have our verb: "wait". The verb: "wait" ends in a
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ใ€Œๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œๅพ…ใคใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‹•่ฉž: "wait" ใฏ
08:54
"t" sound. So, when we add "ed", it becomes an "id" sound: "waitid", and it
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"t" ใฎ้Ÿณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œedใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ ใจใ€ใ€Œidใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใ€Œwaitidใ€ใซ
09:01
has that second syllable: "waited", "wanted", "needed". Finally, here's
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ใชใ‚Šใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฏใ€Œๅพ…ใฃใŸใ€ใ€ ใ€Œๆฌฒใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฟ…่ฆใชใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€
09:08
another example with a "d": "decided". So, because "decide" has this "d" sound
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"d": "decided" ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฌกใซ็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œๆฑบๅฎšใ€ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ“ใฎใ€Œdใ€ใฎ
09:15
at the end... And, again, we're talking about the sound; we're not talking about
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้ŸณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™...ใใ—ใฆใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€้Ÿณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ‚นใƒšใƒซใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›
09:19
spelling when we're talking about this. We're talking about the sound. "Decide"
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ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ้Ÿณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ "Decide"
09:24
ends in a d" sound, so we can add the "ed", and it makes an "id"
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ใฏ d" ใฎ้Ÿณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ "ed" ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€"id" ใฎ
09:31
pronunciation: "decidid". So, that's the first rule for pronounce... for
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็™บ้Ÿณใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™: "decidid". ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œ ใŒ็™บ้Ÿณใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใงใ™...
09:38
pronouncing "ed". When there's a "t" or a "d" ending, we use the "id"
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"ed" ใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ. ใ€Œtใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€Œdใ€ใฎ่ชžๅฐพใงใฏใ€ใ€Œidใ€ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—
09:44
pronunciation.
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ใพใ™.
09:46
So, what's the second rule? Well, sometimes "ed" sounds like a "t" sound.
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ใงใฏใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ใ€Œedใ€ใฏใ€Œtใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹
09:53
When does this happen? It happens when a verb ends in a voiceless sound. So, you
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ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™. ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ„ใค่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ
10:02
might think: "Oh, what is a 'voiceless sound'?" A "voiceless sound" is a sound
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ใ€Œ็„กๅฃฐ้Ÿณใฃใฆไฝ•๏ผŸใ€ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ใ€Œ็„กๅฃฐ้Ÿณใ€ใจใฏ
10:06
that comes from your mouth. If we touch our neck, when we pronounce a voiceless
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ๅฃใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‡บใ‚‹้Ÿณใฎใ“ใจใง ใ€้ฆ–ใ‚’่งฆใ‚‹ใจ็„กๅฃฐ้Ÿณใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ
10:12
sound, there is no vibration here. So, you can try this right now. If you
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ใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใฏๆŒฏๅ‹•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“. ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไปŠใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฉฆใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
10:17
pronounce like a "p", "p", a "p" sound โ€” this doesn't really move; whereas if you
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ใ€Œใƒ—ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ—ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ—ใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใฎ ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅ‹•ใใพใ›ใ‚“; ไธ€ๆ–น
10:23
pronounce a "b" sound, you will feel vibration in your throat. If this is too
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ใ€ใ€Œใƒ–ใ€ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใจ ้ŸณใŒ้ณดใ‚‹ใจใ€ ๅ–‰ใซๆŒฏๅ‹•ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†. ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใพใ‚Šใซใ‚‚
10:29
confusing, that's okay; you can also just memorize the sounds. That might be
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ๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ, ใใ‚Œใฏๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™. ๅ˜ใซ้Ÿณใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใ
10:35
a bit easier for some of you. So, if a verb ends in a "s" sound or the s sound,
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ใพใ™. ไธ€้ƒจใฎไบบใซใจใฃใฆใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็ฐกๅ˜ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“. ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰, ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ "s" ้Ÿณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใพใŸใฏ s ใฎ้Ÿณ
10:42
if it ends in a "k" sound or a "k" sound, a "p" sound or the "p" sound,
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ใ€ใ€Œkใ€ใฎ้ŸณใพใŸใฏใ€Œkใ€ใฎ ้Ÿณใ€ใ€Œpใ€ใฎ้ŸณใพใŸใฏใ€Œpใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ " ้Ÿณใ€
10:50
sound "ch" or the "ch" sound, a "sh" sound or the "sh" sound, a "f" sound or
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"ch" ้ŸณใพใŸใฏ "ch" ้Ÿณใ€"sh" ้ŸณใพใŸใฏ "sh" ้Ÿณใ€"f" ้Ÿณ
10:59
an "f" sound, or a "th" sound โ€” what we can do is we can pronounce "ed" as a
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ใพใŸใฏ "f" ้Ÿณใ€ใพใŸใฏ "th" ้Ÿณ - ็งใŸใก ใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ ใ€Œedใ€ใฏ
11:07
"t". So, let's look at some examples. I have, here, the verb: "shopped". "Shop"
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ใ€Œtใ€ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œ่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใ€ŒShop
11:13
end in a "p" sound, so because of that, we pronounce it like a "t": "shoppt".
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ใ€ใฏใ€Œpใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใง ใ€ใ€Œtใ€๏ผšใ€Œshopptใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:21
"Shopped". You hear that strong "t" sound: "shopped". "Yesterday, I
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ใ€Œ่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใ—ใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅผทใ„ใ€Œtใ€ใฎ้ŸณใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€
11:27
shopped." Notice I am not saying: "shoppid"; I'm saying very quickly:
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่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ™ใใซใ€Œshopptใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„
11:34
"shoppt".
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:36
Now, let's look at the next example. "Cook" is a verb; it ends in a "k", so
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ใงใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œkใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹
11:44
we have, here โ€” it's on our list of when to pronounce "ed" like "t": "cooked",
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ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™โ€” ใ€Œedใ€ใ‚’ใ€Œtใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œcookedใ€
11:49
the "ed" becomes a "t" sound: "cookt". Again, we do not say: "cookid"; we say:
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ใ€ใ€Œedใ€ใฏใ€Œtใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œcooktใ€. ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œๆ–™็†ไบบใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:58
"cookt", "cooked". Okay. Now, we have the word: "watched". "Watch" is a verb;
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ใ€Œใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ€ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
12:04
it ends in a "ch", so because it ends in a "ch", our "ed" is going to
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ใ€Œchใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œchใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใง ใ€ใ€Œedใ€ใฏ
12:10
pronounce... be pronounced like a "t" sound: "watcht", "watched". "Yesterday,
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็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™... ใ€Œtใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™ : ใ€Œwatchtใ€ใ€ใ€Œwatchedใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€
12:17
I watched TV." And, again, it takes time to... to get this pronunciation correct.
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็งใฏใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใพใŸใ€ ใ“ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏ... ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:26
Here's one more example: The verb "miss" ends in a "s" or an "s" sound, so what
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ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฌกใซ็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œmissใ€ ใฏใ€Œsใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œsใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
12:32
does "ed" sound like? It sounds like a "t". Why? Because of the... the sound
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ใ€Œedใ€ใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒˆใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใชใ‚“ใง๏ผŸ ๅ‰ใฎ้Ÿณใฎใ›ใ„ใง
12:39
before; it's an "s" sound. So, if we look here, "s" means you pronounce "ed?
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚นใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ“ใ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€"s" ใฏ "ed?
12:45
like a "t" sound: "misst". You might have to watch this video a couple of
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" ใ‚’ "t" ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™: "misst".
12:51
times, because I know it's very confusing. You're really listening to
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12:56
different sounds, and you really got to think: "Okay. This verb ends in this
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช้Ÿณใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่€ƒใˆใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ“ใฎ
13:01
sound โ€” that means we pronounce "ed" this way." So, I understand it's
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้Ÿณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ โ€” ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œedใ€ใ‚’ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใพใ™." ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ็ด›ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„
13:06
confusing, and it does take a little bit of time and practice. So, now, let's
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ใพใ™, ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏ ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ™‚้–“ใจ็ทด็ฟ’ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™.
13:10
look at the last way we pronounce "ed" which is as a "d" sound, and: When do we
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ed " ใฏ "d" ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€: ใ„ใค
13:18
do that?
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ใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
13:19
Okay. Quick quiz question: What is the third way to pronounce "ed"? We've
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ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฑใƒผ. ็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎ่ณชๅ•: "ed" ใฎ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ็™บ้Ÿณๆ–นๆณ•ใฏ?
13:26
talked about "id", we've talked about "t". What is the third? The third is a
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"id" ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ "t". 3 ็•ช็›ฎใจใฏ? 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฏ
13:33
"d" sound or a "d" sound. So, "ed" can be pronounced like "d". How do you know
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"d" ใฎ้ŸณใพใŸใฏ "d" ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ™. ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€"ed" ใฏ "d" ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใงใใพใ™.
13:42
when to pronounce "ed" like a "d" sound or a "d" sound? Well, the more
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"ed" ใ‚’ " d" ้Ÿณ ใพใŸใฏ "d" ้Ÿณ? ใ‚‚ใฃใจ
13:50
complicated explanation has to do with when we voice different sounds at the
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่ค‡้›‘ใช่ชฌๆ˜Žใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉž ใฎๆœซๅฐพใง็•ฐใชใ‚‹้Ÿณใ‚’็™บๅฃฐใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใŒ
13:57
end of verbs. So, what do I mean by "voice"? Well, if you touch your larynx,
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฃฐใ€ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎ ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
14:04
or this area, when you say these different sounds, you'll feel a
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ใ“ใฎ
14:08
vibration. So, for example, if you say: "ba", "ga", "z", "ra", "ba", "ma", "na",
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ใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใฏใ€ใ€Œใฐใ€ใ€ŒใŒใ€ใ€Œใšใ€ใ€Œใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใฐใ€ใ€Œใพใ€ใชใฉใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’็™บๅฃฐใ™ใ‚‹ใจๆŒฏๅ‹•ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ใ€Œใชใ€ใ€
14:16
"ga", "e" โ€” you actually can feel a movement here, and that's what we mean
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ใ€ŒใŒใ€ใ€ใ€Œใˆใ€ - ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ“ใ“ใงๅ‹•ใใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
14:24
by "voice". But that can get a little complicated. So, another way you can
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. ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œๅฃฐใ€ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™. ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—่ค‡้›‘ใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™. ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅˆฅใฎw
14:29
remember this is just by memorizing the different voice sounds. There are more
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅฃฐใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใง่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ้Ÿณๅฃฐใฏไป–ใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
14:35
voice sounds in English, but these are the main ones, so these are the ones
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ใŒใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใƒกใ‚คใƒณใชใฎใง
14:39
that I'm going to show you today. So, whenever a verb ends in one of these
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ“ใกใ‚‰ใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้Ÿณๅฃฐใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ€
14:46
voice sounds, we pronounced "ed" like a "d" sound. Okay?
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ใ€Œedใ€ใ‚’ใ€Œdใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
14:52
So, let's look at some examples. I have, here, the verb "listen", "listen". If I
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซใ€ใ€Œ่žใใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่žใใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:59
wanted to turn "listen" into a past tense verb, I pronounce the "ed" like a
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ใ€Œlistenใ€ใ‚’ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใซๅค‰ใˆใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใ€Œedใ€ใ‚’
15:05
"d": "listened", "listened". Okay. And notice โ€” it's kind of soft. So, we do
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ใ€Œdใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œlistenedใ€ใ€ใ€Œlistenedใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ ๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ - ใใ‚Œใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
15:12
not say: "listen-ed"; we say: "listened". We have, here: "studied".
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ใ€Œ่žใ„ใŸใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ ใ€Œ่žใ„ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซใ€Œๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:19
So, "studied" ends in this "e" sound, so we actually would pronounce "ed" like a
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œ็ ”็ฉถใ€ใฏใ“ใฎใ€Œeใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€Œedใ€ใ‚’
15:27
"d" sound: "studied". Here, we have an "l" โ€” "call" ends in the "l" sound, so
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ใ€Œdใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ็ ”็ฉถใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ "l" โ€” "call" ใฏ "l" ใฎ้Ÿณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใง
15:35
when we pronounce "call", we pronounce "ed" like a "d": "called". "I called you
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ใ€"call" ใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ "ed" ใ‚’ "d" ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™: "called". ใ€Œ็งใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ‚ใชใŸใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
15:42
yesterday." It's the same with: "stayed". Notice we pronounce this with
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ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€ŒๆณŠใพใฃใŸใ€ใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€Œdใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใง็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
15:49
a "d" sound? And it all depends on what the sound is before "ed". Nowadays,
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆ ใ€ใ€Œedใ€ใฎๅ‰ใฎ้ŸณใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€่ฟ‘
15:56
we're talking a lot about Zoom. "Zoom" is a way to chat with people. So, if you
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ใฏZoomใฎ่ฉฑ้กŒใŒๅคšใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚บใƒผใƒ ใ€ ใฏใ€ไบบใ€…ใจใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œ
16:01
wanted to say: Yesterday, I Zoomed my friends", because "zoom" โ€” the verb
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ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€็งใฏ ๅ‹้”ใ‚’ใ‚บใƒผใƒ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚บใƒผใƒ ใ€โ€”ๅ‹•่ฉž
16:07
"zoom" ends in an "m" or a "m" sound, "ed" is pronounced like a "d": "zoomed".
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ใ€Œใ‚บใƒผใƒ ใ€ใฏใ€Œmใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œmใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ใ€Œedใ€ใฏใ€Œdใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ "zoomed".
16:14
And, finally: "buzzed". So, "buzzed". Like, right now, I am wearing a dress
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซ: "buzzed". ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ "buzzed" . ไปŠใ€็งใฏ
16:22
that is covered in bumblebees. What sound do bees make? They "buzz". So, I
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ใƒžใƒซใƒใƒŠใƒใƒใง่ฆ†ใ‚ใ‚ŒใŸใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’็€ใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใƒŸใƒ„ใƒใƒใฏใฉใ‚“ใช้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใฎใงใ™ใ‹? ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ "buzz".
16:28
can say: "The bees buzzed." And I can pronounce this like a "d" sound. Okay.
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:ใ€ŒใƒŸใƒ„ใƒใƒใŒใ†ใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œdใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
16:35
So, that's a lot to remember, so you might have to watch this a couple of
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใใ“ใจใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ•ฐๅ›ž่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
16:39
times. But the main thing I want you to remember is: There are three different
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ใ€‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใปใ—ใ„ไธปใชใ“ใจใฏ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œedใ€ใซใฏ 3 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹
16:43
ways to pronounce "ed"; sometimes it's pronounced "id", sometimes it's
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็™บ้Ÿณๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œidใ€ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
16:47
pronounced "t", and sometimes it's pronounced "d". So, that is one of the
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ใ€Œtใ€ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ€Œdใ€ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
16:52
most common mistakes I hear Brazilians make in their pronunciation. Now, I'm
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ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซไบบใŒใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹้–“้•ใ„ใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซไบบใซ
16:57
going to teach you another common pronunciation mistake I hear Brazilians
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ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹็™บ้Ÿณใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคๆ•™ใˆใฆใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ่ฉฑ
17:01
making. Okay. So, before we continue, there's one important point I'd like to
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ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ ้‡่ฆใช็‚นใ‚’ไธ€ใคใ ใ‘
17:07
make, and that is: When I'm talking about "ed" and the three different
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่ฟฐในใฆใŠใใพใ™ ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒ่ฉฑใ™ใจใ ใ€Œedใ€ใจ3ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹
17:12
pronunciations, I'm talking about "ed" in verbs when we're talking about the
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็™บ้Ÿณ ใ‚คใ‚ชใƒณ ใ€้ŽๅŽปๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€็งใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ€Œedใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆ
17:18
past tense. So, when we talk about "ed" at the end of a verb โ€” that's what I'm
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ใ„ใ‚‹. ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆœซๅฐพใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œedใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ ็งใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
17:24
talking about. I am not talking about words, like: "education", where "ed" is
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œedใ€ใŒๅ˜่ชžใฎๅ…ˆ้ ญใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œๆ•™่‚ฒใ€ใชใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
17:30
at the beginning of the word. Okay? So, the last segment: I'm specifically
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฐใƒกใƒณใƒˆ:
17:35
talking about "ed" endings on verbs and how we pronounce them.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ€Œedใ€่ชžๅฐพ ใจใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซใคใ„ใฆๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:40
Okay. So, now, let's talk about another common mistake I hear Brazilians make,
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซไบบใŒ็Šฏใ—ใŒใกใชใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡
17:45
and that is the pronunciation of "h" and "r". Sometimes when I hear Brazilians
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ใ†ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œhใ€ใจ ใ€Œrใ€ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซไบบใŒ็‰ฉไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใ
17:54
talk about things, and they are using an "r" word, they pronounce the "r" like an
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ใจใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€Œrใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใฆ ใ€ใ€Œr
17:59
"h" in English. So, for example, I've heard Brazilians say, when they're
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ใ€ใ‚’่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ€Œhใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซไบบใŒ
18:06
trying to say the word: "red", I've heard them say: "head". Or when a
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ใ€Œ่ตคใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่จ€ใŠใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใจ ใ€ใ€Œ้ ญใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€
18:12
Brazilian student might be trying to say: "rabbit", I might hear: "habit".
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ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใŒ ใ€Œใ†ใ•ใŽใ€ใจ่จ€ใŠใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ใ€Œ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ€ใจ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
18:18
So, Brazilians have their own type of "r" sound; it's very different from the
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซไบบใฏ็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎ ใ€Œrใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:25
"r" in English. So, let's just listen to the differences between "r" and "h", and
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ€Œrใ€ใจใฏๅคงใใ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ใ€Œrใ€ใจใ€Œhใ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’
18:32
then I'm going to teach you how to do an English "r" sound. So, "rabbit" has that
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่žใ„ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ€Œrใ€ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใฎไป•ๆ–นใ‚’ใŠๆ•™ใˆใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใ†ใ•ใŽใ€ใฎ
18:39
"r" sound: "rabbit". This is very different from: "habit", which has a "h"
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ใ€Œrใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใฏใ€Œใ†ใ•ใŽใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€"h" ใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ "habit" ใจใฏๅคงใใ็•ฐใชใ‚Š
18:45
โ€” it's more of a breathy sound. "Rabbit"; "habit". Or we have, here, the
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆฏใ‚’ใฎใ‚€ใ‚ˆใ†ใช้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ "ใ†ใ•ใŽ"; "็™–"ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ
18:53
word: "red", "r". You hear that? It's almost like a growl that a bear might
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ใ€Œ่ตคใ€ใ€ใ€Œrใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏ ใพใ‚‹ใง็†Šใฎใ†ใชใ‚Šๅฃฐใฎ
18:59
make: "red". This is very different from: "head". Okay? So, the first way to
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™๏ผšใ€Œ่ตคใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€Œ้ ญใ€ใจใฏๅคงใใ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–นๆณ•
19:06
improve your pronunciation is to actually hear the differences between
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ใฏใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ้Ÿณใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’่žใใ“ใจ
19:10
sounds. So, hopefully, you can hear the difference between: "rabbit" and
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‘ใฐ ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฆใ‚ตใ‚ฎใ€ใจ
19:16
"habit"; "red" and "head". They sound different.
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ใ€Œ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่ตคใ€ใจใ€Œ้ ญใ€ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ็•ฐใชใฃใฆ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
19:22
So, how do we make an English "r" sound? Well, there are actually different "r"
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ใงใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ€Œrใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใฏใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆไฝœใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใซใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใ€Œrใ€ใฎ
19:28
sounds in English, and there are different ways to make the "r". When "r"
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้ŸณใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ใ€Œrใ€ใฎไฝœใ‚Šๆ–นใ‚‚ใ•ใพใ–ใพใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œrใ€
19:34
is at the beginning of a word, we usually use two different ways to
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ใŒๅ˜่ชžใฎๅ…ˆ้ ญใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ้€šๅธธใ€2 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹็™บ้Ÿณๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
19:39
pronounce it. So, you actually have a choice, and you can choose what's
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใซใจใฃใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’้ธๆŠžใงใ
19:45
easiest for you. Some people, when they pronounce the "r" sound in English, this
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€้ƒจใฎไบบใ€…ใฏใ€ ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ€Œrใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
19:52
is their tongue. I know this is a scary drawing. I am not an artist, so I
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ใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ่ˆŒใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆใ‚ใ—ใ„็ตตใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ขใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚นใƒˆใงใฏใชใ„ใฎใงใ€็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
19:58
apologize. Hopefully, you will not get nightmares. But this is a person. We
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ใ€‚ ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‘ใฐใ€ๆ‚ชๅคขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
20:05
have their eye, eyebrow, nose, mouth, teeth, and this is the tongue. So, you
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็›ฎใ€็œ‰ๆฏ›ใ€้ผปใ€ๅฃใ€ ๆญฏใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ่ˆŒใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€
20:13
see what this man's tongue is doing when he's pronouncing "r"? His tongue's going
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ใ“ใฎ็”ทๆ€งใŒใ€Œrใ€ใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€่ˆŒใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ‹? ๅฝผใฎ่ˆŒใŒ
20:18
up. So, when he says: "rabbit", his tongue actually moves up and then down.
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ไธŠใŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅฝผใŒใ€Œใ†ใ•ใŽใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ๅฝผใฎ ่ˆŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซไธŠไธ‹ใซๅ‹•ใใพใ™ใ€‚
20:26
And notice where the tongue is going up. If you feel behind your teeth, there's
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ใใ—ใฆใ€่ˆŒใŒไธŠใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆญฏใฎๅพŒใ‚ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
20:33
actually this bump. Okay? There's actually a bump. The "r"... when our
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ“ใฎ้š†่ตทใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅฎŸใฏใ‚ณใƒ–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œrใ€...
20:39
tongue goes up, it goes close to that bump; it's just right behind that bump,
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่ˆŒใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใฎ ้š†่ตทใซ่ฟ‘ใฅใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉใใฎ้š†่ตทใฎใ™ใๅพŒใ‚ใซ
20:44
and our tongue does not touch the roof of our mouth. So, I don't know if you
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็งใŸใกใฎ่ˆŒใฏๅฃ่“‹ใซ่งฆใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ“ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
20:51
can see here, but there's no touch, but our tongue goes up towards this bump.
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ๆŽฅ่งฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ็งใŸใกใฎ่ˆŒใฏใ“ใฎ้š†่ตทใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆไธŠใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:57
And that's how we make a "r" sound, like in: "rabbit" or "red". You'll also
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œใ†ใ•ใŽใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œ่ตคใ€ใชใฉใฎใ€Œrใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ• ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸ
21:04
notice what my lips are doing. My lips are sort of rounded. So, if you look:
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ใ€็งใฎๅ”‡ใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใชใ‚“ใ‹ๅ”‡ ใŒไธธใใชใฃใฆใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
21:12
"rabbit", "r", "rabbit"; but they're not, like, tight. If I do a tight sound,
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ใ€Œใ†ใ•ใŽใ€ใ€ใ€Œrใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ†ใ•ใŽใ€; ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใช้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใจใ€
21:20
it actually sounds like: "wabbit", which is more of a "w" sound. So, I have to be
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€Œใƒฏใƒ“ใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€Œwใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏ
21:24
very careful on what my lips are doing. So, they're rounded, but they're not
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅ”‡ใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ้žๅธธใซๆณจๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™. ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไธธใฟใ‚’ๅธฏใณใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใคใใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
21:29
tight. "Rabbit", "rabbit"; "red". Okay? So, that's one way to pronounce "r".
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ใ€‚ "ใ†ใ•ใŽ", "ใ†ใ•ใŽ"; "่ตค"ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œrใ€ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใฎ 1 ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:39
The second way is where our tongue actually, if you can see, the back of
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2็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€็งใŸใกใฎ่ˆŒใŒ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฉใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚Œใฐใ€่ˆŒใฎๅพŒใ‚
21:48
the tongue moves upward. So, this is our tongue, this is the front of the tongue.
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ใŒไธŠใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ—ใพใ™. ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใฎ ่ˆŒใงใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ่ˆŒใฎๅ‰้ƒจใงใ™ใ€‚
21:54
And notice what's happening, here? The front part of our tongue stays down, but
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่ˆŒใฎๅ‰ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏไธ‹ใŒใฃใŸใพใพใงใ™ใŒ
21:58
the back part moves towards... towards the back of our head, actually. So, this
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ใ€ๅพŒใ‚ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏ ้ ญใฎๅพŒใ‚ใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆๅ‹•ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
22:07
is called a bunched "r". For some people, this way is easier, where their
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ใฏๆŸใญใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ "r" ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€้ƒจใฎ ไบบใซใจใฃใฆใฏใ€
22:12
tongue stays down, but it kind of moves back like this. For other people, it's
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่ˆŒใ‚’ไธ‹ใซ็ฝฎใ„ใŸใพใพใฎๆ–นใŒ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅพŒใ‚ใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไป–ใฎไบบใซใจใฃใฆใฏ
22:17
easier if their tongue flaps up. It's your choice; you can practice both and
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ใ€่ˆŒใŒใฏใŸใ‚ใๆ–นใŒ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ธๆŠžใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธกๆ–นใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ€
22:23
see what works best for you. When you practice "r" pronunciation, I highly
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใซๆœ€้ฉใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็ขบ่ชใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œrใ€ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€
22:29
recommend going very slowly. Don't choose words that are very long to
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้žๅธธใซใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Šใจ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผทใใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆ ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซ้žๅธธใซ้•ทใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
22:35
pronounce first; maybe just try the "r" sound with a vowel. So, why not try
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ใ€‚ ๆฏ้Ÿณใงใ€Œrใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“
22:41
word...? Well, these are not words, but why not try: "ri", "ra", "ru"? By doing
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ใ‹...๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ่จ€่‘‰ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ ใ€ใ€Œใ‚Šใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚‰ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
22:54
just the "r" with a vowel, you can actually really focus on that "r" sound.
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ๆฏ้Ÿณใงใ€Œrใ€ใ ใ‘ใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใใฎใ€Œrใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้›†ไธญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
22:59
I also recommend looking in a mirror when you pronounce this, and really look
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ใพใŸ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ้กใ‚’่ฆ‹
23:03
at what your tongue is doing. Is it going up? Is it going back? Or is it
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ใฆใ€่ˆŒใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™. ไธŠใŒใฃใฆใ‚‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏๆˆปใฃใฆใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚
23:09
doing something different? Really pay attention to what your tongue is doing,
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ไฝ•ใ‹้•ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ˆŒใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
23:12
and that will help you with this pronunciation. So, there is one more
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ“ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใ€ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใค
23:18
pronunciation trick I have for my Brazilian students. So, let's learn this
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็™บ้Ÿณใฎใ‚ณใƒ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใง
23:23
final trick that I'm going to talk about in this video.
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ใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
23:26
Okay. Before I talk about the final tip, I wanted to let you know that it is
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ
23:32
possible to improve your pronunciation. When I was a kid, I could not pronounce
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ใ€็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใ€
23:37
"r" sounds. It took me time to actually learn, when I was about six years old,
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ใ€Œrใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ€Œrใ€ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅญฆใถใฎใซๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎ ใฏใ€็งใŒ 6 ๆญณใฎ้ ƒ
23:43
how to pronounce "r". So, I have been in the same situation as many of you. It
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ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็ง ใฏใ‚ใชใŸๆ–นใฎๅคšใใจๅŒใ˜็Šถๆณใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็™บ้Ÿณใซ
23:49
can be very scary when you start working on pronunciation because you might
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ๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใฟๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹
23:54
think: "There's so much I need to change." I recommend doing one small
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ใจใ€ใ€Œๅค‰ใˆใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ไธ€ๅบฆใซ 1 ใคใฎๅฐใ•ใชๅค‰ๆ›ดใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—
23:59
change at a time. So, maybe the first week, start trying to work on "ed". And
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใๆœ€ๅˆใฎ ้€ฑใฏใ€ใ€Œedใ€ใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใฟๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:05
then once you master "ed", then you can start working on your "r" and "h" sound.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œedใ€ใ‚’ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผ ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œrใ€ใจใ€Œhใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใซๅ–ใ‚ŠๆŽ›ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
24:12
Again, practice makes perfect, but it is possible. I have had many, many students
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚ŒใฐๅฎŒ็’งใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅคšใใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’
24:18
have great success with their pronunciation. What it takes is practice
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ใŸใกใซ็™บ้ŸณใงๅคงใใชๆˆๅŠŸใ‚’ๅŽใ‚ใฆใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ๅฟ…่ฆใชใฎใฏใ€็ทด็ฟ’
24:24
and paying attention to what your mouth is doing. I think those are the two most
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ใจใ€ๅฃใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ† ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ็™บ้Ÿณใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ2ใคใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
24:28
important things when it comes to pronunciation. Okay.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
24:32
So, what is my final tip for Brazilians when it comes to pronunciation? My final
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ใงใฏใ€็™บ้Ÿณใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซไบบใธใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใฏไฝ• ใงใ™ใ‹? ็งใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ
24:38
tip is vowels. Many Brazilian students have difficulty with vowels in English.
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ใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใฏๆฏ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซไบบๅญฆ็”Ÿ ใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใซๅ›ฐ้›ฃใ‚’ๆŠฑใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:46
So, what do I mean by "vowels"? Well, I mean sounds like: "o", "e", "i", "ah",
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ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œๆฏ้Ÿณใ€ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ€Œoใ€ใ€ใ€Œeใ€ใ€ใ€Œiใ€ใ€ใ€Œahใ€ใ€
24:55
"oo". There are different sounds in English, usually for vowels we use
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ใ€Œooใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใซใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพใช้ŸณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ้€šๅธธใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใซใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
25:00
different letters. The letters we use to show a vowel is: "a", "e", "i", "o", and
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ใ€‚ ๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’่กจใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๅญ— ใฏใ€ใ€Œaใ€ใ€ใ€Œeใ€ใ€ใ€Œiใ€ใ€ใ€Œoใ€ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ
25:09
"u". So, it is tough for people to learn how to pronounce vowels. I'm going to
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ใ€Œuใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅญฆใถใฎใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚ ๆฏ้Ÿณใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ€ใ™ใใซ
25:16
teach you the two things you can do right away that will help you with your
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ใงใใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๆ•™ใˆใ—ใพใ™
25:21
vowel pronunciation. So, let's look at an example first. One common vowel
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใพใšไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ
25:28
mistake I hear Brazilian students make is they pronounce "e" the same way as
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่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใฎ 1 ใค ใฏใ€ใ€Œeใ€ใ‚’ใ€Œiใ€ใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
25:35
"i". These are very different sounds in English. So, I'll give you an example.
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏ้žๅธธใซ็•ฐใชใ‚‹้Ÿณ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:41
We have, here, the word "sheep", so it has this "e" sound; and then we have
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ€Œ็พŠใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ใ“ใฎใ€Œeใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
25:48
this word "ship", which is a short sound. "Ship" โ€” it is that "i" sound. Or
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ใ€็Ÿญใ„้Ÿณใฎใ€Œ่ˆนใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่ˆนใ€โ€•โ€•ใ‚ใฎใ€Œใ„ใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏ
25:56
you might hear maybe a student says: "eat" and "it" the same way. So, how do
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ใ€ๅญฆ็”ŸใŒ ใ€Œ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใ‚’ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’่žใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„
26:02
we improve our pronunciation of vowels? Well, the first thing I recommend is:
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ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ใพใšๆœ€ๅˆใซ
26:07
Think about how long we say the vowel sound. Is it a long sound or a short
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ใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎ้•ทใ•ใง็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ้•ทใ„้Ÿณใงใ™ใ‹ใ€็Ÿญใ„
26:14
sound? So, listen to the difference: "sheep", "eep" โ€” it's a long sound โ€”
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้Ÿณใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€้•ใ„ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผš ใ€Œใƒ’ใƒ„ใ‚ธใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚คใƒผใƒ—ใ€โ€”ใใ‚Œใฏ้•ทใ„้Ÿณใงใ™โ€”
26:22
"sheep". This is very different from: "ship". "Ship" is a very short sound.
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ใ€Œใƒ’ใƒ„ใ‚ธใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ่ˆนใ€ใจใฏๅคงใใ็•ฐใชใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่ˆนใ€ใฏใจใฆใ‚‚็Ÿญใ„้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
26:28
So, one way to improve your vowels is pay attention to: "Is it a long sound or
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฎ 1 ใค ใฏใ€ใ€Œ้•ทใ„
26:33
a short vowel sound?" That will really help you.
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ๆฏ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚็Ÿญใ„ๆฏ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใซๆณจๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:37
The second thing you can start paying attention to is: Do you use a big mouth
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2 ใค็›ฎใซๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎ
26:42
or a small mouth for the pronunciation? So, if I say: "sheep", my mouth really
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ใฏใ€็™บ้Ÿณใซๅคงใใชๅฃใจๅฐใ•ใชๅฃใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ็พŠใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€็งใฎๅฃใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ
26:49
gets big; it spreads. "Sheep", "ee". You see my mouth? It's... it's actually not
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ๅคงใใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใฏๅบƒใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใฒใคใ˜ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใˆใˆใ€ใ€‚ ็งใฎๅฃใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏ... ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅฟซ้ฉใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
26:56
comfortable, because it's like I have two strings, here, and when I say: "ee",
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.2ๆœฌใฎใฒใ‚‚ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ€ใ€Œใˆใˆใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจ
27:02
my lips spread and they get very big. This is very different from a "i" sound;
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ใ€ๅ”‡ใŒๅบƒใŒใ‚Šใ€้žๅธธใซๅคงใใใชใ‚Šใพใ™. ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œiใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใจใฏๅคงใใ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
27:09
"i" sound is a small sound โ€” my mouth doesn't really do much; it actually
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ใ€Œiใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใฏๅฐใ•ใช้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚็งใฎๅฃ ใฏใ‚ใพใ‚ŠๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ
27:13
stays quite small. So, look at my mouth: "ee", "ih". You see? There's... one of
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ใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅฐใ•ใ„ใพใพใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฎๅฃใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผš ใ€Œใˆใˆใ€ใ€ใ€Œใˆใˆใ€ใ€‚ ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‚‹...
27:20
them is a big mouth sound; the other one is a small mouth sound. So, that can
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 1 ใคใฏๅคงใใชๅฃใฎ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใค ใฏๅฐใ•ใชๅฃ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
27:26
help you with your vowels. Let's look at another example. Another common vowel
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™. ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใŒใ‚ˆใใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใฎ
27:32
mistake Brazilian students make is with "o" sounds. So, for example, we have
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้–“้•ใ„ใฏใ€ ใ€Œoใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
27:39
here the word "book". It has a short "o" sound. "Book". We have here the word:
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ€Œๆœฌใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็Ÿญใ„ใ€ŒใŠใ€ใฎ ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ "ๆœฌ"ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซ
27:47
"boot", "boot". This one has a long "o" sound. So, even though the spelling is
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ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒผใƒˆใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒผใƒˆใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้•ทใ„ใ€ŒใŠใ€ใฎ ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็ถดใ‚Š
27:53
the same, the pronunciation of the "o" in these is actually different. I have a
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ใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€ŒใŠใ€ใฎ็™บ้ŸณใŒ ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
27:59
whole video on this topic, so if you want to learn how to pronounce "o's" in
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ใ“ใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชๅ…จไฝ“ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใง ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ€Œo'sใ€ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅญฆใณใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
28:05
English, I highly recommend watching this video. But for now, the main thing
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ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผทใใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ— ใพใ™. ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€
28:10
I want you to realize is: To improve your vowel sound, notice when it's a
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็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใฆใปใ—ใ„ไธปใชใ“ใจใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏ ใ€
28:16
short sound like: "book" โ€” it happens very quick โ€” "book", versus: "boot",
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ใ€Œbookใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็Ÿญใ„้Ÿณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€Œbookใ€ใฏ ้žๅธธใซ่ฟ…้€Ÿใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œbookใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€ใ€Œbootใ€ใ€
28:23
"boot". It's a longer sound. Okay? The second thing to notice is: Am I making a
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ใ€Œbootใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ . ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้•ทใ„้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใซๆณจๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๅคงใใชๅฃใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
28:30
big mouth or a little mouth? So, in this case: "book"โ€” my mouth is very small.
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ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅฐใ•ใชๅฃใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œๆœฌใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚็งใฎๅฃใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฐใ•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
28:38
"Boot" โ€” actually, that one is a bit small, too. But if I said something,
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ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒผใƒ„ใ€ - ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ใ— ๅฐใ•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚
28:42
like: "o", you'll notice my mouth gets bigger. So, my main point is when you
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ใ€ใ€ŒใŠใ€ใชใฉใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€็งใฎๅฃใŒ ๅคงใใใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
28:49
are learning vowels, think about these two things: "Is it long or short? And do
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ๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅญฆใถใจใใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎ 2 ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€Œ้•ทใ„ใ‹็Ÿญใ„ใ‹ใ€‚ใใ—ใฆใ€็™บ้Ÿณ
28:55
you have a big mouth or a little mouth in your pronunciation?" Again, when you
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ใซๅคงใใชๅฃใจๅฐใ•ใช ๅฃใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ใ€ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ
29:00
work on pronunciation, always use a mirror and look at what your mouth is
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ใ€็™บ้Ÿณใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚€ใจใใฏใ€ๅธธใซ ้กใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ๅฃใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
29:04
doing. That is my number one tip for you.
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎไธ€็•ชใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆ ใงใ™ใ€‚
29:07
So, thank you guys so much for watching. What you can do now is you can visit our
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๅฝ“็คพใฎ
29:14
website at www.engvid.com. And, there, you can actually practice what you
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ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใฏใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅๅญฆใ‚“ใ  ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—
29:19
learned today and you can take a quiz on the different types of mistakes
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ใŸใ‚Š ใ€
29:24
Brazilian learners make when they're learning English. So, I highly recommend
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ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซไบบๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ็Šฏใ™ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็จฎ้กžใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใซ็ญ”ใˆใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็ง
29:29
checking out our website and taking that quiz. I would also like to invite you to
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ใŸใกใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผทใใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ . ใพใŸ
29:33
subscribe to my YouTube channel. There, you can find more videos on
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ใ€YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใฎ็™ป้Œฒใ‚‚ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใซใฏใ€
29:38
pronunciation, on vocabulary, on writing, and on many different topics.
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็™บ้Ÿณใ€่ชžๅฝ™ใ€ ๆ›ธใๆ–นใ€ใใฎไป–ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
29:43
Just don't forget to ring the bell, because when you ring the bell, you will
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ใƒ™ใƒซใ‚’้ณดใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใƒ™ใƒซใ‚’้ณดใ‚‰ใ™ใจใ€
29:47
get notifications of new videos. You can also check out my website at
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29:52
www.teacheremma.com for more free resources. So, thank you guys so much
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www.teacheremma.com ใง็„กๆ–™ใฎ ใƒชใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚นใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใ
29:58
for watching; and, until next time, take care.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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