How SENTENCE STRESS changes meaning in English

458,603 views ใƒป 2017-09-05

English with Emma


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hello.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
00:01
My name is Emma and in today's video I am going to teach you how to become a better listener,
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็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚จใƒžใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏ ใ€ใ€Œๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€่žใไธŠๆ‰‹ใซใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ใŠ
00:08
and I'm going to do that by teaching you about something called "Sentence Stress".
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ๆ•™ใˆใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:13
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:14
So I want you to think about the times you've listened to English, maybe in a movie, maybe
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ใงใฏใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚„ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“็•ช็ต„ใง่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใจใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
00:21
you saw a movie, or maybe a TV show - was there ever a time where you didn't understand something?
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ใ€‚ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
00:28
Maybe everybody laughed, maybe somebody suddenly got angry and you felt like you missed some
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ใฟใ‚“ใชใŒ็ฌ‘ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ็ช็„ถ ๆ€’ใฃใŸใ‚Š
00:36
of the meaning to why something happened.
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ใ—ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸ็†็”ฑใฎไธ€้ƒจใ‚’่ฆ‹้€ƒใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใช ๆฐ—ใŒใ—ใŸ.
00:40
It might be because you're not listening enough to sentence stress.
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ๆ–‡็ซ ใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๅๅˆ†ใซ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒๅŽŸๅ› ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
00:46
So, what is sentence stress?
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ใงใฏใ€ๆ–‡ใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:48
Well, let me show you.
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ใงใฏใ€ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:50
When we talk about stress in language, we're talking about making something louder and longer.
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่จ€่ชžใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใ ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅคงใใ้•ทใใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹.
00:58
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:59
So, for example, if I say the number "thirteen" versus "thirteen", even though they sound
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œthirteenใ€ใจใ€Œthirteenใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใ€
01:08
similar, they're different because I've put a different stress or a different emphasis
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ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎๅ„้ƒจๅˆ†ใซ ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅผท่ชฟใพใŸใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅผท่ชฟใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎ
01:15
on each part of the word.
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ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:17
So this is in part a pronunciation lesson, but also really about listening and how to listen better.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็™บ้Ÿณใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ™ใŒใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใจใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚ŠไธŠๆ‰‹ใซ่žใๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
01:24
So I have here a sentence: "I love studying English."
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ใ“ใ“ใซ ใ€Œ็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:29
Now, it seems like a pretty straightforward sentence, but I can actually change the meaning
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅ˜็ด”ใชๆ–‡ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๅผทๅ‹ขใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ“ใฎๆ–‡ ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
01:37
of this sentence using sentence stress.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:40
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:41
So, by saying different parts of the sentence louder and longer I can actually change the meaning.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ–‡ใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใช้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใ ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้•ทใ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
01:48
So I'm going to give you an example.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:51
"I love studying English."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
01:55
What part did I say louder and longer?
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็งใฏใฉใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้•ทใ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
01:58
If you said: "I", you're correct, so I'm going to put a mark here to show sentence stress.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ€Œ็งใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ€ ๆ–‡ใฎๅผทๅ‹ขใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใ“ใซใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใพใ™.
02:04
"I love studying English."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
02:08
If you heard somebody say this it means that I love studying English, but my friend doesn't.
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใชใ‚‰ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใ ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใŒใ€็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
02:17
Or I love studying English, but other people hate studying English.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใŒใ€ ไป–ใฎไบบใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅซŒใ„ใงใ™.
02:22
So I'm really emphasizing that I am, you know, maybe one of the only people.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏ ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎไบบ้–“ใฎ 1 ไบบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:27
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:28
So, I love studying English.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
02:30
Now, this is a bit of a different meaning than if we move the stress-so I'll just erase that-to the word "love".
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ใ€Œๆ„›ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซ็งปใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใจใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:38
Okay?
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02:38
So I want you to listen to how I say this: "I love studying English."
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
ใ€Œ็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
02:44
So in this case "love" is the part I'm saying louder and longer.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œๆ„›ใ€ใฏ ็งใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้•ทใ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:49
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:50
And now it has a different meaning.
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ใใ—ใฆไปŠใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅˆฅใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:52
Even though it's the same sentence, just by saying a different part louder and longer
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ๅŒใ˜ๆ–‡็ซ ใง ใ‚‚้•ใ†้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅคงใใ้•ทใ
02:57
I've changed the meaning.
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่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:59
So: "I love studying English."
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
03:02
What does that mean?
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ใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:04
If I'm focused on the word "love" it means I really want to emphasize that I don't just
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็งใŒใ€Œๆ„›ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ง ใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใŒๅฅฝใใชใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™
03:09
like English, I love English.
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.
03:12
English is my passion.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฏ็งใฎๆƒ…็†ฑใงใ™ใ€‚
03:14
I love it. I really, really, really like it a lot.
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ๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใใ‚ŒใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
03:18
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:20
Now, if we take the stress here and we move it to "studying": "I love studying English",
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚น ใ‚’ใ€Œๅ‹‰ๅผทใ€ใซ็งปใ™ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ‹‰ๅผทใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€
03:29
okay?
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ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:30
So now you hear "studying" is louder and longer, again, now we have a different meaning from
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ใ€Œstudyใ€ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้•ทใ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใŒ
03:37
when I said: "I love studying English",
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ใ€ใ€Œ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ‹‰ๅผทใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ‹‰ๅผทใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ‹‰ๅผทใŒ
03:39
"I love studying English", "I love studying English",
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ๅคงๅฅฝใใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใใจใฏ
03:43
each of these means a different thing.
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚
03:45
"I love studying English" means I only love studying English.
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€ใจใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ ใ‘ใŒๅฅฝใใ ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
03:52
I'm emphasizing maybe I don't like using English, maybe I don't like, you know, English in conversation.
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็งใŒๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ใŸใถใ‚“็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใฎใŒ ๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ๅคšๅˆ†็งใฏไผš่ฉฑใง่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™. ่‹ฑ่ชž
04:02
Maybe I only like reading my book about English, but I don't actually like using it.
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ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใชใ ใ‘ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใฎใฏๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:07
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:08
Now, if we change the stress to "English" and now "English" is going to be louder and longer...
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใ€ŒEnglishใ€ใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏ ใ€ŒEnglishใ€ใฎๆ–นใŒๅคงใใใฆ้•ทใใชใ‚Šใพใ™
04:20
Okay? So, for example: "I love studying English", "English" is louder and longer, now this has
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... ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œ่‹ฑ่ชžใ€ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้•ทใใ€ไปŠใง
04:26
a new meaning, a fourth meaning.
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ใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ€็ฌฌ 4 ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:29
"I love studying English" means only English.
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€ ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ ใ‘ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:35
Maybe I hate all other languages.
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ๅคšๅˆ†็งใฏ ไป–ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎ่จ€่ชžใŒๅซŒใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:37
I don't like studying French, I don't like studying Portuguese, I don't like studying Arabic.
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็งใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใ ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใƒใƒซใƒˆใ‚ฌใƒซ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ‚ขใƒฉใƒ“ใ‚ข่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:42
I only like studying English.
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็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
04:44
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:46
So, as you can see, the way we pronounce these sentences adds meaning to them.
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ใ”่ฆงใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณๆ–นๆณ•ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ€ๆ–‡ใซๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
04:53
It's not just the words that have meaning, it's also the way we use our voice, our intonation.
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใคใฎใฏ่จ€่‘‰ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ ใ€็งใŸใกใฎๅฃฐใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚„ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:01
Okay, so we're going to do some practice listening.
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ใงใฏใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
05:04
I'm going to say a sentence and you're going to first listen to: What part of the sentence has the stress?
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็งใŒๆ–‡ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœ€ๅˆใซ ่žใใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™: ๆ–‡ใฎใฉใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใซๅผทๅ‹ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
05:11
What part of the stress is louder and longer?
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ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฎใฉใฎ้ƒจๅˆ† ใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้•ทใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
05:15
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:16
So let's do that with the next sentence first.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ใพใšๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:20
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:21
"I like your painting. I like your painting."
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ตต ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ตตใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
05:27
What part was the loud part?
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ใ†ใ‚‹ใ•ใ„้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏใฉใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
05:29
What part was the long part?
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้•ทใ„้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏใฉใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
05:31
"I like your painting."
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ตตใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
05:33
If you said: "your", you are correct.
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:36
This part has the stress.
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ใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใซใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:38
Now, I have three different meanings that this sentence could mean.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏ 3 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:42
It could mean it's an okay painting.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅคงไธˆๅคซใช็ตตใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
05:45
Okay? It could mean my friends don't like the painting,
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็งใฎๅ‹้” ใฏใใฎ็ตตใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€็งใฏ
05:49
or it could also mean I only like your painting,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ตตใ ใ‘ใŒๅฅฝใใง
05:52
but not the other people's paintings.
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ใ€ไป–ใฎ ไบบใฎ็ตตใฏๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:55
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:56
So I want you to listen one more time and tell me which of these best represent this
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่žใ„ใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นไป˜ใใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใฉใ‚Œใ‹ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
06:01
sentence with the stress.
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ใ€‚
06:04
"I like your painting."
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ตตใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
06:08
Okay?
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06:08
So does that mean it's an okay painting?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏๅคงไธˆๅคซใช็ตตใ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:11
No.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆ
06:12
Does that mean my friends don't like it?
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎ ๅ‹้”ใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‹?
06:15
Not really.
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ€‚
06:16
Does it mean I only like your painting, but not other paintings?
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ตตใ ใ‘ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ€ไป–ใฎ็ตตใฏๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจ ใงใ™ใ‹?
06:19
Yes.
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚
06:21
So, in this case this is the meaning of the sentence.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ๆ–‡ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
06:25
I like your painting, but I don't like his painting.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ตตใŒๅฅฝใ ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅฝผใฎ็ตตใฏๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:28
His painting's awful.
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ๅฝผใฎ็ตตใฏใฒใฉใ„ใ€‚
06:30
Your painting is the good painting.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ตต ใฏ่‰ฏใ„็ตตใงใ™ใ€‚
06:32
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:33
So let's try again.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:34
I'm going to now take away the stress and I'm going to say the sentence again but with
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็งใฏไปŠใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใ ใ€ๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
06:41
the stress somewhere else.
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ใฉใ“ใ‹ๅˆฅใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:43
Okay? So listen to where I put the stress carefully.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ใฉใ“ใซ็ฝฎใใ‹ใ‚’ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
06:47
"I like your painting.
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ตต
06:51
I like your painting."
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ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ตตใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
06:54
So what part is louder and longer?
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ใงใฏใ€ใฉใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒ ๅคงใใใฆ้•ทใ„ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
06:57
If you said: "I", you are correct.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ€Œ็งใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:00
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:01
So what do you think this means?
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:03
Do you think it means: "I like your painting" means it's an okay painting?
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ ็ตตใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€ใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅคงไธˆๅคซใช็ตตใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
07:08
Or: "I like your painting" means my friends don't like your painting, but I do?
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ใพใŸใฏ: ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ตตใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€ใฏใ€็งใฎๅ‹้” ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ตตใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹?
07:14
Okay? So I'm emphasizing "I".
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ€Œ็งใ€ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:16
Which one do you think it means?
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:18
If you said B, you're correct.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒBใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:21
If I'm focusing on "I", it means that other people don't like it, but I do, and I'm highlighting
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็งใŒใ€Œ็งใ€ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไป–ใฎไบบ ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏๅฅฝใใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
07:28
the fact other people don't.
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ไป–ใฎไบบใŒๅซŒใ„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
07:30
Okay?
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07:30
So, if we put the stress here it means this.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซๅผท่ชฟใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:35
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
07:36
So finally we're going to do the third possible meaning, and I'll take away the stress here.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅฏ่ƒฝใช ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:44
"I like your painting.
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ตต
07:47
I like your painting."
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ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ตตใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
07:51
So what part of the sentence is stressed?
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ใงใฏใ€ ๆ–‡ใฎใฉใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
07:54
If you said: "like" you're correct.
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ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใญใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:58
Okay? So this means that I'm not really saying I love your painting.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ตตใŒๅฅฝใใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:02
I'm really stressing I like it.
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็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅฅฝใใ ใจๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:05
It means it's an okay painting, but I don't love it.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅคงไธˆๅคซใช็ตตใ ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใงใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
08:09
Okay? I don't hate it, I don't love it.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅซŒใ„ใ˜ใ‚ƒ ใชใ„ใ€ๅฅฝใใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ€‚
08:11
It's an okay painting.
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซใช็ตตใงใ™ใ€‚
08:13
I like your painting, but I don't love it.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ตต ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:17
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:18
So here's an example of where stress changes the meaning of the sentence.
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ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚น ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆ–‡ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฌกใซ็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:24
Just putting stress on different words has a huge impact on the sentence, and this is
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ˜่ชžใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๆ–‡็ซ ใซๅคงใใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
08:28
something a lot of language learners miss when they're listening.
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ใ€ๅคšใใฎ่ชžๅญฆๅญฆ็ฟ’่€… ใŒใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐไธญใซ่ฆ‹้€ƒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
08:33
So let's do another couple more practices of this just so you can really see how important
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€็™บ้Ÿณใจๅผทๅ‹ขใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใซใจใฃใฆใ„ใ‹ใซ้‡่ฆใ‹ใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ 2ใ€3 ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
08:39
the pronunciation and stress is to meaning.
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ใ€‚
08:44
Okay, so before we begin the next example, I want to tell you that I know this is difficult.
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ใงใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠไผใˆใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:50
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:51
So if you're just, like: "I don't know what's going on. I can't understand the differences",
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ ใ€‚้•ใ„ใŒ็†่งฃใงใใชใ„ใ€ใฎ
08:57
it's okay because this does take time.
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใ€ ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใงๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:59
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:00
We're practicing, and the more you practice the easier it will be, but just try your best
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็งใŸใกใฏ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ™ใ‚‹ใปใฉ ็ฐกๅ˜ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆœ€ๅ–„ใ‚’ๅฐฝใใ—
09:06
and just remember that stress changes the meaning.
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ใฆใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ .
09:10
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:11
And just, you know, you can think logically about it, but try your best.
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ใŸใ ใ€ ่ซ–็†็š„ใซ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆœ€ๅ–„ใ‚’ๅฐฝใใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:14
It is difficult for people who are learning a language.
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่จ€่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใซใจใฃใฆใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
09:18
Okay, so let's look at the next example.
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ใงใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
09:21
"She had a lot of money."
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ใ€ŒๅฝผๅฅณใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
09:23
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:24
"She had a lot of money."
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ใ€ŒๅฝผๅฅณใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
09:27
I'm going to first say the sentence again, but this time I'm going to put some emphasis
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ๆœ€ๅˆใซๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ไปŠๅ›žใฏๆ–‡ใฎไธ€้ƒจใซๅผท่ชฟใพใŸใฏๅผท่ชฟใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆ
09:33
or some stress on part of the sentence.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:37
I want you to decide: Which word do I say louder and longer?
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๆฑบใ‚ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„: ใฉใฎๅ˜่ชž ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้•ทใ่จ€ใ†ใ‹?
09:42
Okay? Which word do I put the stress on? Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใซ ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹? ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:46
"She had a lot of money.
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ใ€ŒๅฝผๅฅณใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใŠ้‡‘
09:49
She had a lot of money."
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ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
09:52
So what word is louder and longer?
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ใงใฏใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใใฆ้•ทใ„ๅ˜่ชžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
09:55
If you said: "money", you are correct.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ€ŒใŠ้‡‘ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:00
This is the word where we have the stress.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ็งใŸใกใŒใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:03
Okay? I'm saying "money" louder.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็งใฏใ€ŒใŠ้‡‘ใ€ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใจๅคงใใชๅฃฐใง่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:06
So if I stress "money": "She had a lot of money", what does this mean?
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ใงใฏใ€ใ€ŒใŠ้‡‘ใ€ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹?
10:12
Do you think it means she doesn't have much money now?
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฝผๅฅณใŒไปŠใ‚ใพใ‚ŠใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
10:15
Is that what we're focused on?
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใŒ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:17
Do you think it means she was very rich, and that's what we're focused on?
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฝผๅฅณใŒใจใฆใ‚‚่ฃ•็ฆใ ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:24
Or do you think it means although she had money, she didn't have other important things?
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ ใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใซไป–ใซๅคงๅˆ‡ใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
10:31
Maybe she didn't have love.
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ๆ„›ใŒใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:32
She has lots of money, but not other things.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ไป–ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซๅŸบใฅใ
10:35
Which is the best meaning based on the intonation?
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ๆœ€่‰ฏใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏใฉใ‚Œ ใงใ™ใ‹?
10:39
I'll say it one more time: "She had a lot of money."
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒๅฝผๅฅณใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
10:45
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚น
10:46
So the meaning that is there based on the intonation in the stress is going to be this
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ใฎใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏ
10:53
one, C. So, although she had money, she didn't have a lot of other important things.
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ใ€C ใงใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ— ใŸใŒใ€ไป–ใซๅคšใใฎ้‡่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:00
Okay? So maybe she has money, but she doesn't have love.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅฝผๅฅณใซใฏใŠ้‡‘ใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๆ„›ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:05
Maybe she doesn't have friends.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใซใฏๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใชใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:06
Maybe she doesn't have family.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใซใฏๅฎถๆ—ใŒใ„ใชใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:08
All she has is money.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใŠ้‡‘ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:11
Okay? And we know this because the stress is on the word "money".
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€ŒใŠ้‡‘ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใŒใ‹ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™.
11:15
Okay, so let's try this again.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚
11:17
I'm going to erase this.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆถˆใ—ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:21
Okay, perfect.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ๅฎŒ็’งใงใ™ใ€‚
11:22
So, again, listen for the stress.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใซ่€ณใ‚’ๅ‚พใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
11:25
What part do I say louder and longer?
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ใฉใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้•ทใ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
11:28
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
11:30
"She had a lot of money.
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ใ€ŒๅฝผๅฅณใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใŠ้‡‘
11:34
She had a lot of money."
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ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
11:36
Okay, this time I'm not going to use my hands.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠๅ›ž ใฏๆ‰‹ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:38
"She had a lot of money."
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ใ€ŒๅฝผๅฅณใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
11:42
Okay, so which word do you think I stressed?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ็งใŒๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใฎใฏใฉใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
11:46
If you said: "a lot", you are correct.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ€ŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:49
Okay? This is the important word in this sentence, this is the part that's louder and longer
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎ้‡่ฆใชๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้•ทใ
11:54
and that I'm stressing.
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ใ€ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:57
So what do you think it means if I stress this word?
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ใงใฏใ€็งใŒใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ‹?
12:00
Does it mean she doesn't have much money now, or does it mean she was very rich?
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏไปŠใ‚ใพใ‚ŠใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใจใฆใ‚‚่ฃ•็ฆใ ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‹?
12:07
And we're really focused on...
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใ„ใพใ™...
12:10
We're answering the question of: How rich?
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็งใŸใกใฏๆฌกใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ : ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„่ฃ•็ฆใงใ™ใ‹?
12:12
Which one do you think it is?
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ใฉใฃใกใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:15
Well, because we're focused on the word "a lot", we're really trying to highlight the
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ€ŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใŒ ใจใฆใ‚‚่ฃ•็ฆใ ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
12:21
fact that she was very rich.
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.
12:24
It's almost like we're answering the question: -"How rich?"
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ใพใ‚‹ใง ใ€ใ€Œใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„้‡‘ๆŒใกใ‹?ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
12:27
-"Very rich."
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-"ใจใฆใ‚‚่ฃ•็ฆใชใ€‚"
12:28
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:29
She had a lot of money.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:32
Not a little, not some.
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ใงใฏใชใใ€ไธ€้ƒจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:34
She had a lot.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:37
Okay, so now let's try for the third one.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใงใฏ 3ใค็›ฎใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:41
Okay? So, the next one is she doesn't have much money now.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๆฌกใฏๅฝผๅฅณ ใŒไปŠใ‚ใพใ‚ŠใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
12:46
If I want to say this, where do you think I should stress?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใฉใ“ ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
12:49
She doesn't have much money now.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏไปŠใ‚ใพใ‚ŠใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:53
Where I would stress if I want this meaning, I would stress the word
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ใ“ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใ€Œhadใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—
12:56
"had".
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:59
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:00
So, I want you to repeat after me following this stress: "She had a lot of money.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ“ใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใซ็ถšใ„ใฆใ€ใ€ŒๅฝผๅฅณใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใŠ้‡‘
13:09
She had a lot of money."
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ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:13
So, if I focus on the word "had"...
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใ‚‹ใจ
13:15
And this is probably the most important part of this lesson because this is a very common
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... ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆ
13:21
thing we stress.
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ใช้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:23
If we stress the word "had" in a sentence it means that it's no longer true.
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ๆ–‡ใฎไธญใงใ€Œhadใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ ใจใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚‚ใฏใ‚„็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:29
Okay? So, in the past she had a lot of money, but now she doesn't have much.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ˜”ใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใŒใ€ไปŠใฏใ‚ใพใ‚ŠๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:37
She has no money.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:39
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:40
So, stressing "had" means that what was true is not true anymore.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œhadใ€ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใฏใ€็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚‚ใฏใ‚„็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:48
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:49
I'll give you another example.
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:51
"I had a great teacher.
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ใ€Œ็งใซใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:54
I had a great teacher."
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็งใซใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
13:57
This means my old teacher was great, but my new teacher is terrible.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็งใฎๅคใ„ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸ ใŒใ€็งใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏใฒใฉใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:03
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
14:04
So, again, even though we're not saying this, just in the way we're saying our words, there's
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใŸใกใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ็งใŸใกใŒ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
14:08
a lot of extra meaning.
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ใ€ๅคšใใฎไฝ™ๅˆ†ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
14:11
So let's look at one more example to practice this.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎŸ่ทตใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
14:15
Okay, so we're on our very last sentence of the day, and again, I want you to see all
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ
14:22
the different ways we can make meaning in this sentence based on the stress we use on it.
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ใ€ใ“ใฎ ๆ–‡ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅผทๅ‹ขใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใงๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆˆใ™ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:28
Okay? So I have this sentence: "I know you made a mistake."
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆŒใฃ ใฆใ„ใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.ใ€
14:33
Now, I have the three different things it can possibly mean-okay?-based on stress.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ 3 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟ ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
14:41
So I'm going to put stress on a part of the sentence, and I want you first to decide:
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ใงใฏใ€ๆ–‡ใฎไธ€้ƒจใซๅผท่ชฟใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œ ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆœ€ๅˆใซๅˆคๆ–ญใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™
14:46
What part of the sentence am I saying louder and longer?
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ใŒใ€ๆ–‡ใฎใฉใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้•ทใ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
14:50
Okay, so the sentence is: "I know you made a mistake.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆ–‡ใฏ ๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
14:55
I know you made a mistake."
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14:59
So what part of the sentence is louder and longer?
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ใงใฏใ€ๆ–‡ใฎใฉใฎ้ƒจๅˆ† ใŒๅคงใใใฆ้•ทใ„ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
15:03
If you said the word "I", you're correct.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ€Œ็งใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸใชใ‚‰ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:06
This is the part that I'm stressing.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ็งใŒๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:09
So what does this mean if I say: "I know you made a mistake"?
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ใงใฏใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹?
15:14
Does it mean other people don't know, but I know?
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ไป–ใฎไบบ ใฏ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใŒใ€็งใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
15:19
Does it mean I'm 100% sure you made a mistake?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใจ100๏ผ…็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ‹๏ผŸ
15:24
Or does it mean it was you who made the mistake, not your friend?
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ ใ€้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใฎใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใงใฏใชใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‹?
15:27
Your friend didn't make the mistake, you made the mistake.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใŒ ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
15:31
So out of these three, the most likely thing: "I made a mistake" means is going to be this
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 3 ใคใฎไธญใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใฎ ใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†
15:38
one: Other people don't know, but I know.
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ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ไป–ใฎไบบใฏ็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€็งใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:43
Okay? So if I say: I know you made a mistake" it means your friends don't know, your teacher
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŒใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹้”ใฏ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿ
15:50
doesn't know, but I know.
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ใฏ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใงใ‚‚็งใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
15:52
All right?
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15:54
So this is different than if we say this:
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15:59
"I know you made a mistake.
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้–“้•ใ„ใ€‚
16:02
I know you made a mistake."
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
16:06
So what part is the loudest?
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ใงใฏใ€ใฉใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ†ใ‚‹ใ•ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?
16:08
What part is the longest?
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ใฉใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚้•ทใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?
16:10
If you said: "know", you're correct.
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ใ€Œ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:14
"I know you made a mistake."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
16:17
So what does this mean?
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹
16:19
Does it mean...?
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? ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏ...? ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€
16:20
So we've already used this one.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ™ใงใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.ใใ‚Œใฏใ€
16:22
Does it mean I'm 100% sure you made a mistake?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใจ็งใŒ100% ็ขบไฟก
16:27
Or does it mean it was you; not your friend, you?
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ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‹?ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใงใฏใชใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™
16:32
Which one?
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ใ‹?ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ‹? ็งใŸใกใฏ
16:34
Well, considering we're really focused on the word "know", and "know" usually has to
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ใ€Œ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏ้€šๅธธ
16:39
do with, like, either we know or we don't know,
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ใ€็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
16:45
it's going to be B. I'm stressing the fact that I am sure,
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B ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:49
I am certain it was you who made the mistake.
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้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใฎใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ ใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
16:52
"I know you made a mistake" means I'm 100% sure you're the one who made the mistake.
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ .
16:59
Okay?
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17:01
So, I'm going to...
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17:03
So the next one is going to mean this, it's going to mean it was you and not your friend
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ๆฌกใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฏใ“ใ‚Œ ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†.้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใฎใฏใ‚ใชใŸใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
17:08
who made the mistake, that's the thing we're focused on.
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.ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใŒ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™.
17:11
So I want you to listen very carefully to: Where is the stress?
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ้žๅธธใซๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใปใ—ใ„ :ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฏใฉใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹
17:16
"I know you made the mistake.
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? ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:20
I know you made the mistake."
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆ
17:24
Okay, so if you said the stress
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17:27
is on "you", you're correct.
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ใ„ใพใ™.
17:30
And so if I say: "I know you made the mistake"
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17:34
it means I really want to emphasize that it's
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17:37
not your friends, it's not your family, you're the one. Okay?
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ๅ‹ไบบใงใฏใชใใ€ ๅฎถๆ—ใงใฏใชใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใงใ™. ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฑใƒผ?
17:43
So, the thing with this is it's very important to first identify: Where is the stress?
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซ็‰นๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆ ใงใ™: ใฉใ“ใซใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹? ใ
17:51
What part is the person really emphasizing?
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ไบบใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ ใซๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใฉ
17:54
What part is the person saying with emotion?
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ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใชใฎใ‹? ใใฎไบบใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใฉใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใชใฎใ‹
17:57
So that's the first step, and once you do this you can think about:
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. ใใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ— ใงใ™ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ๆฌกใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™:
18:01
"Okay, why are they saying this part louder and longer?
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ใ€Œใชใœๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้•ทใ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹?
18:05
What's the purpose?
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็›ฎ็š„ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
18:06
What does it mean?
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ใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
18:08
Does it mean they're focused on, you know...
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ้›†ไธญใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ‹
18:11
On it being that they see you do something versus someone else, is it based on maybe
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...ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใง ใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ
18:18
they're trying to show that they like something, or love something, or hate something?"
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅฅฝใใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ„›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅซŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ‹?
18:23
So it's always good to ask yourself: Where is there stress and why is there stress?
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ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฏใฉใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใชใœใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹? ใพ
18:28
Okay?
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18:30
Again, this takes a lot of practice.
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18:33
If you're really interested in doing more practice for this, there's a couple of things you can do.
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18:39
First of all, there's a test called the TOEFL.
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TOEFL ใจใ„ใ†ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
18:42
This is very, very important on the TOEFL test.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ TOEFL ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใซใŠใ„ใฆ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆ
18:45
Even if you're not taking the TOEFL test, I highly recommend doing some of the listenings
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ใงใ™. TOEFL ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚, ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผทใใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™.
18:50
because they have a lot of practice where you can actually listen for intonation and
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ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใจใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่žใ„ใฆ
18:56
stress, and connect it to meaning.
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ใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใซ็ตใณไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹็ทด็ฟ’.
18:59
Okay? So that's a great resource.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ? ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใƒชใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚นใงใ™.
19:01
Also you can check out our website at www.engvid.com, and there you can also find some more practice
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ใพใŸใ€็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.
19:08
along with our quiz.
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็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใงใ™.
19:10
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ? ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹
19:11
I hope you've enjoyed this video.
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.
19:12
Again, I know it's a little bit difficult, but with practice and time I'm sure you will
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒ, ๅฐ‘ใ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใฏๆ‰ฟ็Ÿฅใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™. actice and time ใใฃใจ
19:18
be able to get this.
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ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:20
I also would like to invite you to subscribe to my YouTube channel.
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ใพใŸ ใ€YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใฎ็™ป้Œฒใ‚‚ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:23
There you can find many more resources on vocabulary, listening, pronunciation, and
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ใใ“ใงใฏใ€ ่ชžๅฝ™ใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ€็™บ้Ÿณใ€
19:30
all sorts of other great things.
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ใใฎไป–ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ๅคšใใฎใƒชใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚นใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
19:32
So until next time, thanks for watching and take care.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏๆฌกๅ›žใพใงใ€ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใ ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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