5 tips to improve your writing

9,680,311 views ใƒป 2013-01-30

English with Emma


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:03
Hi there, my name is Emma
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏ
00:05
and in today's video
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ใ‚จใƒžใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ
00:07
We are going to look at, five ways
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ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏ ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚ค ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ 5 ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ
00:09
to improve academic
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00:12
essay writing
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00:14
Okay? Or TOEFL writing, IELTS writing.
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ใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏTOEFLใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ€IELTSใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ€‚
00:16
This doesn't have to do with
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
00:18
when you write a letter to your friends.
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ใ€ๅ‹้”ใซๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใจใใจใฏ้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:20
Okay? We're talking specifically about
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏใ€
00:23
formal writing, maybe business writing,
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ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซ ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚น ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐ
00:25
or academic writing.
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ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏ ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
00:28
Okay, so let's get started.
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ใงใฏใ€ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:30
My first tip on how to improve writing
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ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹็งใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใฏใ€็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’
00:33
is do not use contractions. Okay? And again this is for academic writing.
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ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏ ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐ็”จใงใ™ใ€‚
00:40
Awesome
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00:41
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00:42
"don't," "can't"
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ใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใงใใชใ„ใ€ใ€
00:44
"shouldn't," "couldn't," "wouldn't",
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ใ€Œใ™ในใใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใงใใชใ„ใ€ใ€
00:46
"isn't," "haven't," "hasn't."
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ใ€Œใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใ€‚
00:49
Okay so it's the short form of, (Two Words Put Into One)
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00:52
for example, "don't" is the contraction of "do not."
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œdon'tใ€ใฏใ€Œdo notใ€ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
00:57
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:58
So, it's better to actually write out the word in full
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅญฆ่ก“็š„ใŠใ‚ˆใณๆญฃๅผใชใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นๆ–‡ๆ›ธใงใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅฎŒๅ…จใซๆ›ธใๅ‡บใ™ๆ–นใŒใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
01:02
in academic and formal business writing.
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ใ€‚
01:06
So, instead of "don't," use "do not." Instead of "can't," use "cannot."
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใงใใชใ„ใ€ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€Œใงใใชใ„ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:12
And notice how with "do not," it's actually two words.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:15
"Cannot" is just one word.
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ใ€Œใงใใชใ„ใ€ใฏใŸใ ใฎไธ€่จ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:19
"Shouldn't" becomes "should not."
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ใ€Œใ™ในใใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใฏใ€Œใ™ในใใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:22
"Couldn't" becomes "could not."
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ใ€Œใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€ใฏใ€Œใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:24
"Wouldn't" โ€” "would not."
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ใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ โ€” ใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€
01:26
"Isn't" โ€” "is not."
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ใ€Œใใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ โ€” ใ€Œใใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€
01:28
"Haven't" โ€” "have not"
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ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€โ€”ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€
01:29
"Hasn't" โ€” "has not." Okay.
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ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€โ€”ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
01:32
So don't use these,
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’
01:35
use these.
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ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:37
Okay. So now let's look at Tip #2.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆ 2 ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:41
So Tip #2
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆ 2
01:44
is avoid "there is" or "there are."
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ใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:49
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:50
So why do we avoid "there is" or "there are"?
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ใงใฏใ€ใชใœใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
01:52
Well one of the reasons is
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ใใฎ็†็”ฑใฎ 1 ใคใฏ
01:54
when we write, we want to write our ideas clear and concise,
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ใ€็งใŸใกใŒๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใจใใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบใ‹ใค็ฐกๆฝ”ใซๆ›ธใ
01:59
meaning we don't want these long sentences,
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ใŸใ„ใจใ„ใ†
02:02
we want our sentences to be to the point.
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ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:06
There are "adds" extra words that are not needed.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใฎใชใ„ใ€Œ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ€ใฎไฝ™ๅˆ†ใชๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:10
So let's look at some examples.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:13
a) There are many issues that students face at university.
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a) ๅญฆ็”ŸใŒๅคงๅญฆใง็›ด้ขใ™ใ‚‹ๅ•้กŒใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:18
So, that's an okay sentence, but if I wanted to make it a better sentence,
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅคงไธˆๅคซใชๆ–‡็ซ ใงใ™ใŒ
02:21
that is more appropriate for academic writing,
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ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ฉใ—ใŸใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ๆ–‡็ซ ใซใ—
02:25
I would change it. I'd get rid of "there are"
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ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ™. ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใฏใ‚„ใ‚ใฆใ€
02:29
and I would say instead
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02:31
"Students face many issues at university."
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ใ€Œๅญฆ็”Ÿใฏๅคงๅญฆใงๅคšใใฎๅ•้กŒใซ็›ด้ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:37
So you don't need "there is" or "there are."
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใฏๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:40
A second example
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2ใค็›ฎใฎไพ‹
02:42
"There are many development projects that the UN supports."
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ใ€Œๅ›ฝ้€ฃใŒๆ”ฏๆดใ™ใ‚‹้–‹็™บใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
02:47
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:48
Again, we don't need "there are."
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใฏๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:51
We can just change it
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02:53
to "The UN supports many development projects."
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ใ€Œๅ›ฝ้€ฃใฏๅคšใใฎ้–‹็™บใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆดใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:58
By getting rid of "there is" and "there are"
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ€Œใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใใ“ใจใง
03:00
your sentences become stronger, and to the point.
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅผทใใชใ‚Šใ€็š„ใ‚’ๅฐ„ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:05
So tip number three, is
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3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใฏใ€
03:09
Avoid words
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03:09
so don't use words
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ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:11
in academic writing
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ใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏ ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใง
03:12
such as "really, very, a lot,"
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ใฏใ€Œๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใชใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:16
I'm gunna add another one, "so."
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ๅˆฅใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:20
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:21
This weakens your writing.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ–‡็ซ ๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅผฑใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:24
Your writing isn't as strong if you use these types of words.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็จฎ้กžใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆ–‡็ซ ใฏใใ‚ŒใปใฉๅผทๅŠ›ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:28
So let's look at some examples.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:31
"Many students think university is very hard."
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ใ€Œๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใฏๅคงๅญฆใฏใจใฆใ‚‚้›ฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
03:36
Ok, so now, we have "very."
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€Œ้žๅธธใซใ€ใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:38
How could I improve the sentence?
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ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใงใใพใ™ใ‹?
03:42
Well, instead of using "very hard,"
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใ€Œ้žๅธธใซ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Š
03:44
Just use a stronger word in the first place.
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ใซใ€ใใ‚‚ใใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅผทใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.
03:47
say,
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03:54
"Many stuents think university is difficult."
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ใ€Œๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใฏๅคงๅญฆใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:01
There are many cars...
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ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ่ปŠใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™...
04:02
well there, I just broke a rule
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ใˆใˆใจใ€็งใฏใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’็ ดใฃใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:04
many cars speed very fast you get rid of the very in that sentence
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ๅคšใใฎ่ปŠใŒ้žๅธธใซ้€Ÿใใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’
04:11
come up with a stronger word for it
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ไธŠใ’ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใฎๆ–‡ใฎ้žๅธธใซ้€Ÿใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’่กจใ™ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅผทใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่€ƒใˆๅ‡บใ—ใฆ
04:14
so let's look at number B sentence be
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚B ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
04:19
bill 399 is very
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ใ€‚be bill 399 is very
04:22
oh sorry is really controversial
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oh ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
04:25
so again an academic writing avoid the usage of really we get to say built 39
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04:35
is controversial
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04:36
the sentence sounds better it sounds more formal him see a lot of the
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04:44
students
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04:45
I didn't finish the sentence I could say a lot of the students live on campus now
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ๅญฆ็”Ÿใฏ็พๅœจใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒ‘ใ‚นใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„
04:54
instead of using a lot
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04:55
we could use the word many students so we use many if we can count the noun if
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ่ฉžใŒๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏๅคšใใ‚’
05:10
it's countable
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05:11
instead of using a lot use many or if our noun is not countable if it's a
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ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏๅคšใใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:21
non-count noun
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ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉž
05:22
we can use much
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we can much ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใฎ
05:29
get rid of a lunch instead of a lot of the students now we have many students
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซๆ˜ผ้ฃŸใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใ ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใŒใ„ใพใ™ ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿ
05:42
many students face problems in their first year of University much time is
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ใŒๅคงๅญฆใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅนดใซๅ•้กŒใซ็›ด้ขใ—ใฆ
05:49
wasted because of procrastination
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05:52
ok so many and much are both words that are better to use than a lot and again
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ใ„ ใพใ™ ๅคšใใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นใŒ
06:00
the rule is avoid the usage of really vary a lot and so so our fourth tip when
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่‰ฏใ„ s ใฎไฝฟ็”จใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใฎใงใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏ ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ 4 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆ
06:08
it comes to academic writing is unless so if you are in the sciences
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ใฏใ€ใใ†ใงใชใ„้™ใ‚Š ใ€็ง‘ๅญฆใฎๅˆ†้‡Žใซ
06:14
it's ok to use the passive don't use it too much but it's it's okay and normal
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ใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใพใ‚Šไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:19
to use the passive voice and i'll explain what that is in a second but if
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ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—
06:24
you are studying the humanities social science history psychology these types
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€ไบบๆ–‡็ง‘ๅญฆใ€็คพไผš ็ง‘ๅญฆใ€ๆญดๅฒใ€ๅฟƒ็†ๅญฆใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—
06:33
of subjects do not use the passive voice use the active voice so for most
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ใฎ็ง‘็›ฎใฏๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎ
06:39
University Writing we use the active voice
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ๅคงๅญฆใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใงใฏ่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:43
so what is the passive voice and what is the active voice
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ใงใฏใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ€่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
06:47
so here is an example of the passive voice health care reforms were
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06:54
implemented by Obama
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ใ‚ชใƒใƒžๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅฎŸๆ–ฝใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ
06:56
ok so notice first we have a form of the verb to be and then we have the past
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ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎใƒ˜ใƒซใ‚นใ‚ฑใ‚ขๆ”น้ฉใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ๆœ€ๅˆใซๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅฝขใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๆฌกใซ
07:09
participle of implement in this case implemented C and E and then oftentimes
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ใ€implement ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆ ใฏ C ใจ E ใ‚’ๅฎŸ่ฃ…ใ—ใ€ใ—ใฐใ—ใฐ
07:16
we have the word by someone so this is
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
07:21
an example of a passive voice sentence health care reforms were implemented by
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ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎๆ–‡ใฎไพ‹
07:28
Obama
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07:30
so what is the problem with using the passive voice well it takes away the
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07:35
fact that Obama is the one who implemented the reforms
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ใงใ™ ๅคงๅ ด ma ใฏๆ”น้ฉใ‚’ๅฎŸๆ–ฝใ—ใŸไบบใงใ™
07:39
the sentence is sort of weak a little bit awkward it would be much better if
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ๆ–‡ใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅผฑใใฆ ๅฐ‘ใ—ใŽใ“ใกใชใ„ใงใ™
07:44
we had the actor who is Obama's of the person the verb and the object
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ไบบใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใจ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใฎ
07:52
Obama implemented health care reforms
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ใ‚ชใƒใƒžใฎๅฝน่€…ใŒใ„ใŸๆ–นใŒใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ่‰ฏใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ‚ชใƒใƒžใŒๅŒป็™‚ๆ”น้ฉใ‚’ๅฎŸๆ–ฝใ—ใŸ
07:55
so this is the active voice ok so if you can have the subject and the verb than
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ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ฉๆฅต็š„ใชๅฃฐใงใ™ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—
08:03
the object instead of the passive voice
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ใŸใ€‚ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ไธป่ชžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
08:07
so here is another example of this if I wrote in the passive voice I would write
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ใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฎๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงๆ›ธใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆ
08:12
the war was over here we have the form of the be verb 1
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ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๆˆฆไบ‰ใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใจๆ›ธใ ใพใ™ใ€‚be ๅ‹•่ฉž 1 ใฎๅฝขๅผใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:20
here's the past participle a win by another keyword the French the war was
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉž a win by another keyword the French the war was win
08:35
won by the French
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by the French ใจใ„ใ†
08:37
so this is again a passive voice sentence in the passive sentence but
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ใ“ใจใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ใพใŸ ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ๆ–‡ใฎๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ๆ–‡ใงใ™ใŒ
08:41
it's still a little bit weak in academic writing we want strong scent and food
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ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใงใฏใพใ ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅผฑใ„ ใงใ™ ๅผทใ„้ฆ™ใ‚Šใจ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉ
08:46
and a strong sentence has the actor or the person performing the action at the
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ใจๅผทใ„ๆ–‡ใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™ ๆ–‡ใฎๅ…ˆ้ ญใซไฟณๅ„ช ใพใŸใฏไบบ็‰ฉใŒใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
08:52
beginning of the sentence
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08:54
so instead a better sentence would be the French won the war
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ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ๆ–‡ ใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚นไบบใŒๆˆฆไบ‰ใซๅ‹ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†
08:59
so the final tip in this video is when you write academically use strong verbs
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ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใฏใ€ ใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใซๆ›ธใใจใใซๅผทใ„ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ
09:08
ok so what is the strong verb and what is a week
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใงใฏใ€ๅผทใ„ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹ ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ไธ€้€ฑ้–“ใฎ
09:12
herb i'm going to give you an example I could say he gave assistance to my
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ใƒใƒผใƒ–ใจ ใฏไฝ•ใ‹ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ๅฝผใฏ็งใฎ
09:19
friend
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09:19
ok this is a very weak way of saying he gave assistance to my friend and a
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ๅ‹ไบบใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆดใ—ใŸ
09:25
stronger way I could instead just say he assisted my friend
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ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ my friend ใงใฏ
09:30
so what is the difference between these two sentences
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
09:33
well in this sentence assistance is a noun
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏๆ”ฏๆดใฏ ๅ่ฉžใช
09:38
so a better way to write this sentence
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ใฎใงใ€ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ๆ–นๆณ•
09:41
anytime you have a verb a noun and you look at the noun and it could be its own
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:48
verb use this in a verbal form instead
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซๅฃ้ ญใฎๅฝขๅผ
09:53
so for example he gave assistance should become he assisted
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅฝผใฏๆดๅŠฉใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚ๅฝผใฏๆดๅŠฉใ—
09:58
ok so this is stronger let's look at another example
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ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๅผทๅŠ›ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’
10:03
so
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่ฆ‹
10:04
I have a week verb made an objection
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ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚้€ฑใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ็•ฐ่ญฐใ‚’ๅ”ฑใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:07
he made an objection ok so again we have a verb and then a noun
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ๅฝผใฏ็•ฐ่ญฐใ‚’
10:15
objection but objection can be its own verb
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ๅ”ฑใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ object ใฏใใ‚Œ่‡ช่บซใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
10:19
so to make it stronger we get rid of made and we turn
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ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅผทใใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ made ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใใ€
10:24
objection into its verbal form objected he objected so he objected is better
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object ใ‚’ๅฃ้ ญใฎๅฝขใซๅค‰ใˆใพใ™ objected he objected so he objected ใฏ
10:33
than he made an objection
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he made an objection ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใงใ™
10:35
hey another example here we have our example of the week verb
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ใ“ใ“ใซๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ้€ฑๅ‹•่ฉž she ใฎไพ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
10:42
she conducted an investigation
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่ชฟๆŸปใ‚’่กŒใฃใŸ
10:46
she conducted an investigation but when I look here I see the word investigation
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่ชฟๆŸปใ‚’่กŒใฃใŸใŒใ€ ็งใŒใ“ใ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€่ชฟๆŸปใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
10:51
and i think does investigation does this town have a verb form
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ใ“ใฎ ็”บใซใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅฝขใŒ
10:56
well yes it does investigate
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹? ใฏใ„ใ€่ชฟๆŸปใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚่ชฟๆŸปใ‚’
11:00
so instead of saying conduct an investigation
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่กŒใ†ใจ่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€
11:04
she investigated something a lot better it's stronger
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฟๆŸปใ—
11:09
ok finally for a fourth example the week
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ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ 4 ็•ช็›ฎใฎไพ‹ ้€ฑ
11:13
verb is did an audit
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ๅ‹•่ฉž is did an audit
11:16
they did an audit on Wesley Snipes I don't know important maybe they did an
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they did an audit on Wesley Snipes ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใซ็›ฃๆŸปใ‚’่กŒใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:24
audit on someone
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11:25
so again I see the word audit
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ๅ†ใณ audit ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
11:29
so here's a verb and here's a noun
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ใ“ใ“ใซๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ
11:32
I look at this now and I think audit is there a verb form of the word audit
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ๅ่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็›ฃๆŸปใฏ ็›ฃๆŸปใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใฎๅ‹•่ฉžๅฝข
11:37
yes there is Wesley Snipes was audited
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใฏใ„ใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚บใƒชใƒผใƒปใ‚นใƒŠใ‚คใƒ—ใ‚นใŒ็›ฃๆŸปใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ
11:42
but again I told you not to use the passive so i could say
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ใŒใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใฃ
11:45
the government audited Wesley Snipes
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ใŸใฎใงใ€ๆ”ฟๅบœใฏใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚บใƒชใƒผใƒป
11:49
ok so there you have it five tips that will quickly improve your academic
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ใ‚นใƒŠใ‚คใƒ—ใ‚นใ‚’็›ฃๆŸปใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏ
11:56
writing so if you would like to practice some of these tips
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ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
12:00
come visit us at our website at www.engvid.com until next time
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ใ€ๆฌกๅ›žใพใงใซ็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

Original video on YouTube.com
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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