10 English Grammar Mistakes that are Accepted in Casual Speech

35,140 views

2023-05-23 ใƒป English with Alex


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10 English Grammar Mistakes that are Accepted in Casual Speech

35,140 views ใƒป 2023-05-23

English with Alex


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
"If I just lay, if I just lay here, would you lie with me and just forget the world?"
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ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใŸใ ๆจชใŸใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใŸใ ใ“ใ“ใซๆจชใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซๆจชใซใชใฃใฆใ€ใŸใ ไธ–็•Œใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ๆญŒๅฃฐ
00:14
I apologize for my singing voice.
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ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
00:16
Is it "lay"?
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ใ€Œๆจชใ€ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:17
Is it "lie"?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๅ˜˜ใ€ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใฎๆญŒ
00:18
Are the lyrics to that song correct?
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ใฎๆญŒ่ฉžใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸ ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎ
00:21
Find out at the end of this video.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
00:23
Hey, I'm Alex.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€็งใฏใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
00:25
Thanks for clicking, and welcome to this lesson on 10 Common Grammar Mistakes That Are Accepted
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ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใชใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใง ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚„ใ™ใ„ 10 ใฎใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๆณ•้–“้•ใ„ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใ
00:33
in Casual Speech.
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ใ€‚
00:35
So before you accuse me of saying, "Alex is teaching bad grammar" and all that kind of
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใฏ้–“้•ใฃใŸๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใชใฉใจ่จ€ใฃใฆ็งใ‚’้ž้›ฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ
00:41
stuff, I want to specify.
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ใ€ใฏใฃใใ‚Š่จ€ใฃใฆใŠใใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
00:43
Good grammar is almost always, if not always, desirable.
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ๅธธใซใงใฏใชใ„ใซใ— ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€้ฉๅˆ‡ใชๆ–‡ๆณ•ใŒๆœ›ใพใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:48
Yes, you should try to have correct grammar when you speak, especially when you write,
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ใฏใ„ใ€ ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€็‰นใซๆ›ธใใจใใฏใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’่บซใซใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅŠชใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€‚ไป•ไบ‹ไธŠใฎ้›ปๅญ
00:54
and definitely avoid these mistakes if you are writing a professional email, or an academic
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ใƒกใƒผใƒซใ€ๅญฆ่ก“
00:59
paper, or a message to your boss.
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่ซ–ๆ–‡ใ€ ใพใŸใฏไธŠๅธใธใฎใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ๆ›ธใๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็ตถๅฏพใซ้ฟใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:03
Avoid them in professional situations and academics, but know that almost everyone makes
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ๅฐ‚้–€็š„ใช็Šถๆณใ‚„ๅญฆๆฅญใงใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใŒๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ 1 ใคไปฅไธŠ็Šฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
01:10
one or more of these errors on a regular basis.
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ใ€‚
01:15
Now, it's because they never learned the proper rule in the first place, or it's just something
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰้ฉๅˆ‡ใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๅญฆใฐใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ใพใŸใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ
01:21
that people have, you know, moved into the popular sphere, into pop culture, and it's
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ๅคง่ก†ใฎ้ ˜ๅŸŸใ€ใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ซใƒซใƒใƒฃใƒผใซ็งป่กŒใ—ใŸไบบใ€…ใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
01:28
just accepted because you hear many people speaking like this, and then you start speaking
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ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŒๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ ใ‘ใงใ™ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚
01:33
this way, too, and it just becomes part of the popular usage.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉฑใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็”จๆณ•ใฎไธ€้ƒจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:38
So, if you are in an informal situation, these mistakes are often accepted, and almost no
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้žๅ…ฌๅผใช็Šถๆณใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ ้–“้•ใ„ใฏๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใใ€ๅŒใ˜้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ™ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒๅๅˆ†ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€
01:47
one will say, "Hey, that's actually wrong", because there's a good chance they make the
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ใ€Œใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไบบใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
01:53
same mistakes.
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ใ€‚
01:54
So, what mistakes am I talking about?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ ็งใฏใฉใ‚“ใช้–“้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:56
Well, I have my list here.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใฏใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:58
I'm not going to show it to you, but I will reference it.
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่ฆ‹ใ›ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ๅ‚่€ƒใซใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:01
Let's start with "there is" versus "there are".
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ใ€Œ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ๅฏพใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:05
You know the rule.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:07
You have to use "there is" with singular, and "there are" with plurals.
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ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงใฏใ€Œthere isใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงใฏใ€Œthere areใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:14
So, you're supposed to say, "There is a car", and "There are two cars", but I'm sure you're
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ่ปŠใŒ 1 ๅฐใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ ใ€Œ่ปŠใŒ 2 ๅฐใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ในใใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใฃใจ
02:21
aware and maybe you make this mistake.
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ๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใฆใ€้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
02:24
You say, "Hey, there's a lot of people in here", or "Hey, there's a lot of issues we
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ใ€Œใ“ใ“ใซใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎไบบใŒใ„ใพใ™ ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ
02:31
need to fix at this company", and you know you're supposed to say "there are" for plurals,
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ใ“ใฎไผš็คพใซใฏ่งฃๆฑบใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ•้กŒใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใใ€ ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ในใใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
02:37
but for some reason, we just say "there's", "there's", "there's", "there's" for everything.
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ใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใ‹ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ™ในใฆใฎใ“ใจใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ ใ‘่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:45
Not in all cases.
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ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ ดๅˆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:46
It's not even a consistent mistake.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ ไธ€่ฒซใ—ใŸ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
02:48
Some people sometimes use "are" for plurals, sometimes use "is" for plurals.
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ๆ™‚ใ€…่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซใ€Œareใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ‚Š ใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซใ€Œisใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:53
Know that it's not the end of the world if you say, "There's a lot of people", because
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ€ŒไบบใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใจใ„ใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:58
there's a good chance your friend also says, "There's a lot of people".
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใ‚‚ ใ€ŒไบบใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:02
Next, this is the past tense mistake.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:05
The past tense version of the "there is", "there are" problem, and that's "there was"
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ๅ•้กŒใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ€ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€Œใ‚ใฃใŸใ€
03:10
and "there were".
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ใจใ€Œใ‚ใฃใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:11
So, the same thing here.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:14
You know it's supposed to be singular with "there was", and you know it's supposed to
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ใ€Œthere wasใ€ใงใฏๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€
03:18
be plural with "there were".
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ใ€Œthere wereใ€ใงใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:21
For example, you're supposed to say, "There were a lot of them", but you may have said,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€ŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฏใšใงใ™ ใŒใ€ใ€ŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆ
03:27
"There was a lot of them", right?
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ใญ๏ผŸ
03:30
Or "There was a lot of dogs at the dog park today".
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใƒ‰ใƒƒใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒณใซใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ็ŠฌใŒใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
03:34
It should be, "There were a lot of dogs at the dog park", but if you say "there was",
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ใ€Œใƒ‰ใƒƒใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒณใซใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ็ŠฌใŒใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€ใฎใฏใšใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚„ใฏใ‚Šใ€Œใ„ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚
03:40
again, it's not the end of the world in a casual situation.
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ใ€ ไฝ•ๆฐ—ใชใ„็Šถๆณใงใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:44
Next up, "less" versus "fewer".
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ€Œๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:47
So, we have less problems than we did a week ago.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ 1้€ฑ้–“ๅ‰ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใฏๅฐ‘ใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:51
The express aisle is for ten items or less.
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ใ‚จใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚น้€š่ทฏใฏ ๅ•†ๅ“ๆ•ฐใŒ10ๅ€‹ไปฅไธ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:55
These are grammatically incorrect.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:57
You probably know that you should use "fewer" when you're talking about things that you
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
04:02
count.
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ใ€‚
04:03
This mistake has been so internalized that grocery stores everywhere have been making
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ใ“ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šใซใ‚‚ๅ†…้ขๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ใฉใ“ใฎ้ฃŸๆ–™ๅ“ๅบ—ใงใ‚‚
04:08
it and probably don't even know that they're making it.
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้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŸใกใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ•ใˆๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:12
So, if you ever see a sign that says ten items or less, know that it should say ten items
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€10 ้ …็›ฎไปฅไธ‹ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸๆจ™่ญ˜ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‹ใ‘ใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€10 ้ …็›ฎไปฅไธ‹ใจ่กจ็คบใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
04:19
or fewer.
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ใ€‚
04:21
Next up, "you and me" versus "you and I".
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ๆฌกใซใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใจ็งใ€ๅฏพใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใจ็งใ€ใ€‚
04:25
So, "you and I" is what you should use when you are putting yourself and someone else
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใจ็งใ€ใฏใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใจไป–ใฎไบบใ‚’
04:31
in the subject position of a sentence.
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ๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใฎไฝ็ฝฎใซ็ฝฎใใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:34
So, let me reference my paper here.
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ใใ“ใงใ€ ็งใฎ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ“ใ“ใงๅ‚็…งใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:38
Right, you're supposed to say, "My friend and I went to Cuba last month", but there's
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ใใ†ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œ ๅ…ˆๆœˆๅ‹้”ใจ็งใฏใ‚ญใƒฅใƒผใƒใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ในใใงใ™ใŒใ€
04:47
a good chance at some point in your life you have said, "My friend and me went to Cuba
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ไบบ็”Ÿใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚็‚นใง ใ€Œๅ…ˆๆœˆๅ‹้”ใจ็งใฏใ‚ญใƒฅใƒผใƒใซ่กŒใฃใŸ
04:52
last month", or "Me and my friend went to Cuba last month".
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ใ€ใจใ‹ใ€Œใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏๅๅˆ†ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใจ็งใฎ ๅ‹ไบบใฏๅ…ˆๆœˆใ‚ญใƒฅใƒผใƒใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
04:57
This is an accepted mistake because everyone speaks like this, and it's accepted, and it's
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่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
05:03
in popular usage.
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่จฑๅฎนใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:04
It's not the end of the world if you speak like this in a casual situation, alright?
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ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใช็Šถๆณใงใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ไธ–็•ŒใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใญ๏ผŸ
05:11
Next up, "between you and I" versus "between you and me".
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใจ็งใฎ้–“ใ€ใจ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใจ็งใฎ้–“ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:16
So, "between you and me", the correct answer is "between you and me".
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใจ็งใฎใ‚ใ„ใ ใ€ใงใ™ใŒใ€ ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใจ็งใฎใ‚ใ„ใ ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:22
Now, why is that?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใชใœใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:24
It's because "between" is a preposition; a preposition is a word like "at", "on", "in",
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€Œbetweenใ€ใŒๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฏใ€ใ€Œatใ€ใ€ใ€Œonใ€ใ€ใ€Œinใ€ใ€
05:30
"with", words like these, small words that show a relationship between different words.
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ใ€Œwithใ€ใชใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใ€ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ˜่ชž้–“ใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚’็คบใ™็Ÿญใ„ๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
05:36
The word that comes after a preposition, if you use a pronoun, it has to be the object
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎๅพŒใซๆฅใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใ€ ไปฃๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ็›ฎ็š„่ชžไปฃๅ่ฉžใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:42
pronoun, okay?
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05:44
So, "me" is the object, "I" is the subject.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ็งใ€ใฏ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ€Œ็งใ€ใฏไธป่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
05:47
Now, for some reason, there's a hypercorrection happening where we think that "between you
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ไปŠใ€ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎ็†็”ฑใงใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸ
05:53
and I" sounds very, very formal, when in fact, it's actually totally grammatically incorrect.
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ใจ็งใฎ้–“ใงใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒ้žๅธธใซๅ …่‹ฆใ—ใ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซๅฎŒๅ…จใซ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†้Žๅ‰ฐไฟฎๆญฃใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:00
So, if you think you're being fancy when you say "between you and I", you're actually just
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใจ็งใฎ้–“ใงใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใซๆฐ—ๅ–ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ
06:05
dead wrong grammatically.
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซๅฎŒๅ…จใซ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:07
And that's another one where, "Okay, should I say 'between you and I' then?"
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๅˆ†ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€Žใ‚ใชใŸใจ็งใฎ้–“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ในใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใ†1ใคใฎๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ™
06:11
You shouldn't.
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ในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:12
Try to avoid it.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:13
The correct answer is, or the correct phrase is, "between you and me".
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ๆญฃ่งฃใจใ„ใ†ใ‹ๆญฃใ—ใ„ ่กจ็พใฏใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใจ็งใฎใ‚ใ„ใ ใซใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:17
"Between" is a preposition; it needs an object pronoun.
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ใ€ŒBetweenใ€ใฏๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ็›ฎ็š„่ชžไปฃๅ่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
06:21
"Who", "whom" versus "that", so, "He's the guy that I told you about."
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ใ€Œ่ชฐใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่ชฐใ€ๅฏพใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ฉฑใ—ใŸ็”ทใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ไบบ
06:29
We should use "who" and "whom" to talk about people, but we often use "that" as a short
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ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏใ€Œ่ชฐใ€ใจใ€Œ่ชฐใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€
06:36
form to talk about everything, whether it's objects, places, people, you know, "She's
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็‰ฉใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€ไบบใชใฉใ€ใ™ในใฆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใจใ—ใฆใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Œ
06:42
the one that he married", "She's the woman that he married", for example.
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ใ€ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ , ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€ŒๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฝผใŒ ็ตๅฉšใ—ใŸๅฅณๆ€งใงใ™ใ€ใ€‚
06:47
Try to use "who" in that case, right?
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ใใ‚“ใชๆ™‚ใฏใ€Œwhoใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใฟใฆใฏ ใ„ใ‹ใŒใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:50
And if you use "that", most people won't notice.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œthatใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใฏๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
06:55
That really should be reserved, though, for objects and place...
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ็‰ฉไฝ“ใจๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใคใ„ใฆไฟ็•™ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ ...
06:58
Not places, sorry, for objects.
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ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใฏใชใใ€็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็‰ฉไฝ“ใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
07:01
Next up, we have "should've" versus "should've".
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ๆฌกใซใ€ ใ€Œใ™ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€ใจใ€Œใ™ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€ใฎๆฏ”่ผƒใงใ™ใ€‚
07:05
Now, this is more of a mistake of writing, but if you are in a situation where, you know,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚€ใ—ใ‚ๆ›ธใๆ–นใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ ใŒใ€ใ”ๅญ˜็ŸฅใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€
07:13
it's "should've", "of", it sounds like "should've", the contracted form of "should have", so really,
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€ŒShould'veใ€ใ€Œofใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹็Šถๆณใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€ŒShould haveใ€ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ŒShould'veใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ โ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใชใฎใงใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฏ
07:22
the form is "should have".
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใ€ๅฝขใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:23
So, if you say "should've" and you're thinking "should", "of", it's wrong, like, what you're
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ€Œใ™ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใใ ใ€ใจใ‹ใ€Œ ใฎใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€
07:34
thinking in your mind is wrong, and if you write it, it's dead wrong, never write it,
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้ ญใฎไธญใง่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใใ—ใฆ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใซ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ๆฑบใ—ใฆใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใฏใชใ„ ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€
07:38
it's not accepted in writing at all, please don't.
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ๆ›ธ้ขใงใฏใพใฃใŸใๅ—ใ‘ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ ใ‚„ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:42
But if you think it when you're speaking, it's not wrong at all, it's actually correct,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใใ‚ŒใฏใพใฃใŸใ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
07:46
because it sounds exactly like the contracted form of "should've".
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ€Œ๏ฝžใ™ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใจใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:51
All right, "farther" versus "further".
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ ใ€Œใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€ใจใ€Œใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:55
So, "farther" is only for physical distances.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ€Œ้ ใใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใช่ท้›ขใ ใ‘ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:59
"Further" can be for physical distances or figurative distances.
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ใ€Œใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€ใฏใ€็‰ฉ็†็š„ใช ่ท้›ขใ‚’่กจใ™ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๆฏ”ๅ–ฉ็š„ใช่ท้›ขใ‚’่กจใ™ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:05
So, if I say, "Wow, you know, you can go... he went further in life", or "further in his
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŒใ€Œใ†ใ‚ใƒผใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ‚‹ใ€่กŒใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ‚ˆโ€ฆ ๅฝผใฏไบบ็”Ÿใงใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅ‰้€ฒใ—ใŸใ€ใจใ‹ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฎ
08:13
career", or "further in her job", or something like this, this is fine, you're referring
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ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒชใ‚ขใงใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅ‰้€ฒใ—ใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฎไป•ไบ‹ใงใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅ‰้€ฒใ—ใŸใ€ใจใ‹ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
08:18
to a figurative distance with "further", but a lot of people just don't know the difference
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ใ€Œใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆฏ”ๅ–ฉ็š„ใช่ท้›ขใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๅคšใใฎไบบใฏ
08:24
between "farther" and "further", so they'll say, for example, "Where is it, here?"
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ใ€Œใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€ใจใ€Œใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€Œใ“ใ“ใฏใฉใ“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€
08:30
Or, you know, "You will go farther in life if you", I don't know, "get on the keto diet"?
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฑใƒˆใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒ€ใ‚คใ‚จใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ไบบ็”Ÿใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจ้ ใใซ่กŒใ‘ใ‚‹ ใ€ใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ๏ผŸ
08:39
I don't believe in stuff like that, but just an example.
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็งใฏใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใฏไฟกใ˜ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ใปใ‚“ใฎไธ€ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Š
08:42
All right, so, yeah, if you use "farther" for figurative distance, it's not the end
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ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ๆฏ”ๅ–ฉ็š„ใช่ท้›ขใจใ—ใฆใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ ใใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไธ–็•Œใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
08:47
of the world.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
08:48
There's a good chance the person you're speaking to might not know that you're supposed to
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่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็›ธๆ‰‹ใฏใ€
08:51
use "further" for figurative, and "farther" is only for physical distances.
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ใ€Œใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏๆฏ”ๅ–ฉ็š„ใซไฝฟใ†ในใใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ ใใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใช่ท้›ขใฎใฟใ‚’่กจใ™ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:57
Okay, next up.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆฌกใงใ™ใ€‚
08:59
In regard to vs. in regards to.
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ๅฏพใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏใ€‚
09:03
So, which one is correct?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:05
Well, it's actually "in regard to".
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ ๆญฃ็ขบใซใฏใ€Œใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:08
So, "regard" is an uncountable noun.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ€Œregardใ€ใฏไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
09:12
This means it does not have a plural form, so if you write an email, make sure you write
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใŒใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ ใŸใ‚ใ€ใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๆ›ธใๅ ดๅˆใฏๅฟ…ใš
09:17
"in regard to".
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ใ€Œin respect toใ€ใจๆ›ธใใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:18
So, in regard to your last email, the answer is "yes", or in regard to your email, "Yes,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ้›ปๅญใƒกใƒผใƒซใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏใ€็ญ”ใˆใฏ ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้›ปๅญใƒกใƒผใƒซใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏใ€ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€
09:26
we would be happy to help you".
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ๅ–œใ‚“ใงใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:28
But if you write "in regards to", or if you say "in regards to", chances are only grammar
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏใ€ใจๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•
09:36
teachers and those who study grammar will notice.
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ๆ•™ๅธซใ‚„ ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ ใ‘ใŒๆฐ—ใฅใๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:40
So, try to use "in regard to" in a professional setting.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฐ‚้–€็š„ใชๅ ด้ขใงใฏใ€Œin respect toใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
09:43
Use "in regard to", but that is one where there's a good chance your boss doesn't even
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ใ€Œใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ไธŠๅธใŒ
09:48
know if it's "in regards to" or "in regard to", so you have a little more flexibility
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ใ€Œใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใ€ใชใฎใ‹ใ€Œใซ้–ขใ—ใฆ ใ€ใชใฎใ‹ใ•ใˆ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆŸ”่ปŸใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™
09:53
in that one.
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ใ€‚
09:54
"Regards", what you put at the end of an email, or what you say, you know, to someone, "Best
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ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใใ€ใ€ใƒกใƒผใƒซใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใ€ ใพใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใซ่จ€ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ
10:01
regards", I guess it's more for writing, means, like, "best wishes", so you can send your
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ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใจๆ›ธใ่จ€่‘‰ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
10:07
regards to someone, your best wishes.
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่ชฐใ‹ใซใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅนธ้‹ใ‚’็ฅˆใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:11
But if you use "in regard to" vs. "in regards to", stick to "in regard to", it's the correct
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ€Œใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใ€ใจใ€Œใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œ ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„
10:17
form.
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ๅฝขๅผใงใ™ใ€‚
10:18
Alright, we have one more, "lie" vs. "lay".
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใ€ ใ€Œๅ˜˜ใ€ใจใ€Œๅ˜˜ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:23
So, this is an issue of a transitive verb vs. an intransitive verb.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใจ่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚
10:31
It's not "untransitive", it's "intransitive".
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ใ€Œ้žไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใงใฏใชใ ใ€Œ่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:34
So, "lie" is an intransitive verb.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ€Œๅ˜˜ใ€ใฏ่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
10:39
What this means is that it doesn't take an object.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
10:42
So, you can say, "I'm just going to lie here for a little bit."
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ใใ“ใงใ€ใ€Œ ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘ใ“ใ“ใงๆจชใซใชใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
10:47
So, this means I'm going to rest, you know?
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒไผ‘ใ‚€ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:50
I'm going to put my body down on the bed, or something like that.
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ใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใชใฉใซไฝ“ใ‚’ไธ‹ใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
10:55
"Lay" is transitive, which means it needs an object.
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ใ€ŒLayใ€ใฏไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:59
So, if someone comes to your home and they are carrying a bunch of stuff, you can...
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฎถใซ ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ่ท็‰ฉใ‚’้‹ใ‚“ใงๆฅใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™...
11:05
And they ask you, it's like, "Hey, can I just, like, lay my stuff down here?"
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ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๅฐ‹ใญใพใ™ใ€ใ€Œใญใˆใ€ ็งใฎ่ท็‰ฉใ‚’ใ“ใ“ใซ็ฝฎใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
11:10
That's correct.
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ใใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
11:11
You have to...
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11:12
You have to lay something.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ•ทใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:13
You have to lay something on the bed, or lay something on the floor.
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ใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใฎไธŠใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็ฝฎใใ‹ใ€ ๅบŠใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็ฝฎใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:18
But if you use "lie", it's just "lie" by itself the majority of the time.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œๅ˜˜ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œ่‡ชไฝ“ใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ใ€Œๅ˜˜ใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
11:23
So, "I'm just going to lie here for a little bit."
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ€Œ ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ ใ‘ใ“ใ“ใงๆจชใซใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ€
11:27
And you might hear, "I'm just going to lay here for a little bit."
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œ ๅฐ‘ใ—ใฎ้–“ใ“ใ“ใงๆจชใซใชใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€ใจ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:30
And that is grammatically incorrect, but most people don't know the difference between "lie"
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎ ไบบใฏใ€Œๅ˜˜ใ€
11:35
and "lay", so it's not the end of the world, as I said.
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ใจใ€Œๅ˜˜ใ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใใ‚Œใงไธ–็•ŒใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:39
What makes it even more confusing is that "lie" has a past form, of course, and the
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ‚„ใ‚„ใ“ใ—ใ„ใฎใฏใ€ ใ€Œlieใ€ใซใฏใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ
11:45
past form of "lie" is actually "lay", which is the present of "lay", and the past form
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lieใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€Œlayใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€Œlayใ€ใฎ็พๅœจๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
11:52
of "lay" is "laid laid".
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ใ€Œlayใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:55
Now, you're probably confused, just as I am when I'm explaining this, because it's...
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฎ็งใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ใŠใใ‚‰ใๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ...
12:00
It makes things really difficult.
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็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’ ้žๅธธใซ้›ฃใ—ใใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:01
So, let's go back to the song, this Snow Patrol song.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆ›ฒใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ ใ“ใฎSnow Patrolใฎๆ›ฒใงใ™ใ€‚
12:05
If I just lay...
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ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใŸใ ๆจชใŸใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰โ€ฆ
12:06
If I just lay here, would you lie with me and just forget the world?
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็งใŒใŸใ ใ“ใ“ใซๆจชใŸใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซๆจชใซใชใฃใฆ ไธ–็•Œใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:11
Those are the lyrics, right?
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๆญŒ่ฉžใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
12:13
Now, based on what I've said, you might say it's wrong, because he's saying, "If I just
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ธใพใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ ๅฝผใฏใ€Œ
12:20
lay here", and you have to lay something.
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ใ“ใ“ใซๆจชใŸใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆจชใŸใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:24
It is actually correct, though.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€‚
12:26
Why?
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ใชใœ๏ผŸ
12:27
It's a second conditional sentence in that song, and if...
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใใฎๆ›ฒใฎ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถ ๆ–‡ใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ—...
12:30
For example, you don't say, "If I have a million dollars, I would buy a house."
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ— 100 ไธ‡ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅฎถใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใฎใซใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:34
You would say, "If I had a million dollars."
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ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒ100ไธ‡ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:37
So, they're saying, "If I just lay here", past tense of "lie", "would you lie with me?"
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€Œใ“ใ“ใซๆจชใŸใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ€ ใ€Œๅ˜˜ใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ€ใ€Œไธ€็ท’ใซๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
12:47
You say, "I would buy a house.
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๅฎถใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:50
Would you lie?", which is the present of "lie" in this case.
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ๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฎใ€Œๅ˜˜ใ€ใฎ็พๅœจใงใ™ใ€‚
12:56
It's actually 100% correct.
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ๅฎŸใฏใใ‚Œใฏ100%ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
12:57
It's a second conditional sentence, and it is correct.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:00
And if you're saying, "Oh, it's incorrect, because you can't say, 'If I lay here'", yes,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Ž ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใ“ใ“ใซๆจชใŸใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†
13:05
you can, because "lay" is the past of "lie", so it works in this case.
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ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œlayใ€ใฏ ใ€Œlieใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ†ใพใใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ ดๅˆใ€‚
13:09
All right.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
13:10
So, I hope you had fun with this video.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:12
I hope you've learned some things.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:15
And if you didn't, and if you knew all these mistakes, and if you're really upset right
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ†ใงใฏใชใใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€
13:19
now because, "Oh, why are you saying these mistakes are acceptable?"
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใชใœ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใฏ่จฑๅฎนใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†็†็”ฑใงไปŠๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅ‹•ๆบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจ
13:22
I'm not saying they're acceptable.
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่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
13:25
I am saying they are accepted in casual situations, and if you don't make them, bravo.
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็งใŒ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใช็Šถๆณใงใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ‚ŒใŒใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใƒ–ใƒฉใƒœใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
13:32
You should feel good, and you should try to avoid these at all costs in professional and
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ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒ่‰ฏใใชใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ—ใ€ ่ทๆฅญไธŠใ‚„ๅญฆๆฅญใฎๅ ด้ขใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ†ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฏ็ตถๅฏพใซ้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™
13:36
academic situations.
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ใ€‚
13:38
Good grammar is always desirable; however, it is not always known by everybody.
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใŒๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๅธธใซๆœ›ใพใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ใ™ในใฆใฎไบบใซ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:45
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:46
We all make mistakes, and because we all make them, we all kind of just accept them as well.
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็งใŸใกใฏ็š†ใ€้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ—ใฆใ€่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ™ใฎใง ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ็š†ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:51
So, I'm going to stop there.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใพใงใจใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:54
So, if you want to test your understanding of this material and practice the correct
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่ณ‡ๆ–™ใฎ็†่งฃใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใ€
13:59
forms of everything we discussed here, make sure to do the quiz on www.engvid.com.
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ใ“ใ“ใง่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ™ในใฆใฎๆญฃใ—ใ„ๅฝขๅผใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ๅฟ…ใš www.engvid.com ใงใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใซ็ญ”ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:05
And if you enjoyed this video, also make sure to subscribe to me on YouTube.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใœใฒ YouTube ใงใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:10
Like the video, share it, all that good stuff.
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ๅ‹•็”ปใซใ€Œใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผใ€ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ทใ‚งใ‚ขใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
14:13
Subscribe, subscribe, subscribe.
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่ณผ่ชญใ€่ณผ่ชญใ€่ณผ่ชญใ€‚
14:15
And I have plenty of other useful materials, useful videos for you to check out.
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ไป–ใซใ‚‚ๅฝน็ซ‹ใค่ณ‡ๆ–™ใ‚„ๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ใœใฒ ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:20
So, until next time, I have been talking for too long.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ใพใŸๆฌกๅ›žใพใงใ€ ่ฉฑใŒ้•ทใใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:23
I'm going to go lie down, lay down, I don't know.
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ๆจชใซใชใฃใฆใ€ๆจช ใซใชใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:27
You tell me.
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ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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