English Grammar - Passive Causative

354,759 views ใƒป 2011-01-29

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ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hey guys, this is Alex. Thanks for clicking, and welcome to this lesson on the passive
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ—ๅ‹•็š„ใชไฝฟๅฝนใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใ
00:09
causative. Now, this is a more advanced grammar structure that we're going to talk about.
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ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆ–‡ๆณ• ๆง‹้€ ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:14
So on the board, we have a sentence, and this is a problem. "Imagine that yesterday my car
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ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ไธŠใซๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€็งใฎ่ปŠ
00:20
broke down." First of all, "broke down" means that my car stopped working. Okay? So what
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ใŒๆ•…้šœใ—ใŸใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€ ใพใšใ€ใ€Œๆ•…้šœใ€ใจใฏ ใ€็งใฎ่ปŠใŒๅ‹•ใ‹ใชใใชใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใฏ
00:27
would be the solution to this problem? Imagine, "Yesterday my car broke down. What did I do
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ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ•้กŒใฎ่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–ใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€่ปŠใŒๆ•…้šœใ—ใŸใ€‚ๆฌกใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใŸ
00:33
next?" Well, normally, if your car breaks down, or if you have a problem with any kind
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ใ‹ใ€ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ้€šๅธธใ€่ปŠใŒ ๆ•…้šœใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๆฉŸๆขฐ่ฃ…็ฝฎใซๅ•้กŒใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
00:39
of piece of mechanical equipment, you have to get it fixed by someone, right? So I say,
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่ชฐใ‹ใซไฟฎ็†ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ? ใใ‚Œใงใ€
00:46
"Yesterday my car broke down. Next, I had it fixed by a mechanic. I had it fixed by a mechanic."
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ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€็งใฎ่ปŠใŒๆ•…้šœใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๆฌกใซใ€ๆ•ดๅ‚™ๅฃซใซไฟฎ็†ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๆ•ดๅ‚™ๅฃซใซไฟฎ็†ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:02
Okay, now this gives us a better idea of what the passive causative actually is. So remember,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใงๅ—ๅ‹•็š„ใชๅŽŸๅ› ใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œ ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:13
a passive sentence is one where the subject isn't really doing the action. He's kind of
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ๅ—่บซๆ–‡ใจใฏใ€ไธป่ชž ใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ใจใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ๆ–‡ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏไธ€็จฎ
01:19
receiving the action, okay? Causative means you're causing the action, so it's kind of
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ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ๅŽŸๅ› ใจใฏใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒใใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’่ตทใ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใชใฎใงใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ
01:26
contrary to each other, but we're going to work it out. So, for example, let's look at
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็Ÿ›็›พใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€่งฃๆฑบใ—ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•็š„ใชไฝฟๅฝน่‡ชไฝ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€
01:31
the structure of the passive causative itself, and we can better understand it. So, "I had
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ใใ‚Œ ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚ˆใ็†่งฃใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ€Œ
01:36
it fixed by a mechanic." We have a subject, we have the verb "have" in the past, "yesterday,"
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ๆ•ดๅ‚™ๅฃซใซ็›ดใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€‚ ไธป่ชž ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ€Œhaveใ€ใŒ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงใ€Œyesterdayใ€
01:48
so "had," but we can use "have" in general. We can also use "get." So here, I can also
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ใชใฎใงใ€Œhadใ€ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œhaveใ€ใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œgetใ€ใ‚‚ไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ“ใง
01:57
say, "I got it fixed by a mechanic." Then you have the object, so you have, "I had it,"
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ใฏใ€ใ€Œๆ•ดๅ‚™ๅฃซใซไฟฎ็†ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€
02:07
"it" relates back to the car, plus "fixed." "Fixed" is a past participle, so we're just
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ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใฏ่ปŠใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€Œๅ›บๅฎšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ "Fixed" ใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ“
02:15
going to use "pp" for the advanced students here. So we have the past participle, plus,
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ใงใฏไธŠ็ดš่€…ๅ‘ใ‘ใซ "pp" ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใŒ
02:23
and this is optional in some cases, a "by" phrase, and I said "by an agent." "Agent"
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏ็œ็•ฅๅฏ่ƒฝใชใ€Œbyใ€ ๅฅใงใ€็งใฏใ€Œby an agentใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚จใƒผใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใƒˆใ€
02:33
is the person who did the action to the object, okay? So here, you didn't fix your car, right?
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ใฏใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใŸไบบ ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่ปŠใ‚’ไฟฎ็†ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
02:41
You got someone else to fix your car. So, "You had it fixed by a mechanic." This is
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ปŠใ‚’ไฟฎ็†ใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ไบบใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ€Œๆ•ดๅ‚™ๅฃซใซไฟฎ็†ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
02:47
the passive causative. Now, let's look at another example, and you can tell me the solution
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ใŒๅ—ๅ‹•็š„ใชๅŽŸๅ› ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
02:52
to this problem. So, for example, give me some advice here. If I say, "My hair is too
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ใ€‚ใ“ใฎๅ•้กŒใฎ่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ“ใ“ใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้ซชใŒ้•ทใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰
02:58
long." If I say, "My hair is too long. I haven't cut my hair in six months or eight months,"
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้ซชใŒ้•ทใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๅŠๅนดใ‚‚8ใƒถๆœˆใ‚‚้ซชใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃ
03:14
right? And it's getting really, really long. So, what kind of advice would you give me?
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ใŸใ‚‰๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้•ทใใชใฃใฆใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:20
What should I do? Normally, when your hair is too long, you naturally go to a stylist,
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็งใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ในใใ‹๏ผŸ ้€šๅธธใ€้ซช ใŒ้•ทใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅฝ“็„ถใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒชใ‚นใƒˆ
03:26
you go to a barber, and you get your hair cut. So you can actually use the passive causative
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ใซ่กŒใใ€ๅบŠๅฑ‹ใซ่กŒใใ€้ซชใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไธป่ชžใจใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ€Œๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ€ใฎ้–“ใซใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅ—ๅ‹•็š„ใชไฝฟๅฝน
03:32
as a way of giving advice as well, if you throw in a modal between the subject and "have"
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ใ‚’ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใ
03:40
and "get." Okay? So, for example, "Well, my hair is too long. My hair is too long. You
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎ ้ซชใฏ้•ทใ™ใŽใพใ™ใ€‚้ซชใŒ้•ทใ™ใŽใพใ™ใ€‚
03:46
give me advice." And you say, "Well, Alex, you should get it cut." So, here we have the
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ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใพใ‚ใ€ใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ
04:04
subject, which is myself. We have a modal to give me advice, "You should," "You might."
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ไธป่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏ็ง่‡ช่บซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ในใใ ใ€ใ€Œใใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:12
We have "get," and again, you can use "have" here as well. You can say, "You should have
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ใ€Œgetใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ€Œhaveใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅˆ‡ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใ‚ˆใ€ใฃใฆ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ
04:16
it cut." "You should get it cut." There is no difference in meaning. We have the object.
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใซ้•ใ„ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:22
We're talking about my hair. "Cut" is the past participle of "cut." Now, what you're
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็งใŸใกใฏ็งใฎ้ซชใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹. ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใฏใ€Œใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใฎ ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
04:27
noticing here is that I have no bi-phrase, right? So, the bi-phrase sometimes is implied,
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ใ“ใ“ใงๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใŸใ“ใจใฏใ€็งใซใฏใƒใ‚คใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใŒใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ? ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฏๆ™‚ใ€…ๆš—็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
04:35
okay? It's not absolutely necessary in every single situation. Here, you understand that
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ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ™ในใฆใฎ็Šถๆณใง็ตถๅฏพใซๅฟ…่ฆใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“
04:41
I'm gonna get my hair cut by a stylist. Someone else is going to cut my hair, okay? So, let's
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ใงใ€ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใซ้ซชใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ็งใฎ้ซชใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€
04:47
look at a couple of more examples of passive causative statements. So, again, imagine that
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ๅ—ๅ‹•็š„ใชไฝฟๅฝนๆ–‡ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆญฏใŒ็—›ใ„ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆ
04:54
your teeth hurt. You have to go see the dentist, right? So, what should you do next? Well,
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆญฏ็ง‘ๅŒปใซไผšใ„ใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Š ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆฌกใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ในใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ†ใงใ™ใญ
05:00
if your teeth hurt, you probably should get them checked out by a dentist. So, for example,
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ใ€ๆญฏใŒ็—›ใ„ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆญฏ็ง‘ๅŒปใซ่จบใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐ
05:06
the situation, again, is, "My teeth hurt." So, maybe you need your wisdom teeth to be
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ใ€็Šถๆณใฏใ‚„ใฏใ‚Šใ€ŒๆญฏใŒ็—›ใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ฆช็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใšใ‚’
05:19
taken out, or you're experiencing some severe pain. You have a cavity. So, you can tell
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ๆŠœใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ€ๆฟ€ใ—ใ„ ็—›ใฟใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็ฉบๆดžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
05:24
me to get my teeth, or have my teeth. You should have them, again, "them" plural, because
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็งใซ็งใฎๆญฏใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใพใŸใฏ็งใฎๆญฏใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™. ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œthemใ€ใ‚’่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
05:39
of teeth. You should have them, let's say, looked at. Now, again, the bi-phrase is optional.
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ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆญฏใฎใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฏใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
05:49
We understand that normally when your teeth hurt, you see a dentist. So, you can just
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้€šๅธธใ€ๆญฏใŒ ็—›ใ„ใจใใฏๆญฏ็ง‘ๅŒปใซ่จบใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰
05:54
say, "Yeah, you should have them looked at." We understand that you mean you should have
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ใ€ใ€Œใˆใˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆญฏ็ง‘ๅŒปใซ่จบใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ในใใ ใจใŠใฃใ—ใ‚ƒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
05:57
them looked at by a dentist. So, the bi-phrase here is completely optional, but we're gonna
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บ ใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใซใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใŒใ€
06:04
put "by a dentist." Okay. Now, if you want to test your understanding of the passive
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ใ€Œๆญฏ็ง‘ๅŒปใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎๅ› ๆžœ้–ขไฟ‚ใฎ็†่งฃๅบฆใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
06:16
causative, I'm gonna give you some more problems, and you're gonna give me some solutions to
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅ•้กŒใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ€
06:21
these problems in a quiz below on www.engvid.com. So, again, remember this structure when using
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www.engvid.com ใฎไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ•้กŒใฎ่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„. ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅ—่บซใฎไฝฟๅฝนใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
06:28
the passive causative. You're getting something done to something by someone or something
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ่ชฐใ‹ใพใŸใฏไป–ใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’
06:36
else. Okay. So, by an agent. Here, my hair is too long. You should get it cut by a barber.
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ๆˆใ—้‚ใ’ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚จใƒผใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใƒˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€็งใฎ้ซชใฏ ้•ทใ™ใŽใพใ™ใ€‚ ็†ๅฎนๅธซใซๅˆ‡ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
06:44
My teeth hurt. You should have them looked at by a dentist. Yesterday, my car broke down.
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ๆญฏใŒ็—›ใ„ใ€‚ ๆญฏ็ง‘ๅŒปใซ่ฆ‹ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€็งใฎ่ปŠใŒๆ•…้šœใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:50
I had it fixed by a mechanic. So, you got someone else to do something for you. Okay.
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ใƒกใ‚ซใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ•ใ‚“ใซ็›ดใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
06:58
Again, if you're unclear, check out the quiz on www.engvid.com. Good luck with this one,
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€www.engvid.com ใงใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใง้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€
07:03
guys, and I'll talk to you soon. Take care.
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ใฟใ‚“ใช ใ€ใ™ใใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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