Well, clearly, we need to discuss commas.

296,911 views ใƒป 2022-11-03

English with Lucy


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
- Hello, lovely students
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- ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํ•™์ƒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
00:01
and welcome back to English with Lucy.
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Lucy์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:04
Today I have an advanced grammar lesson for you.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:08
This is suitable for both learners of English
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ž
00:11
and native English speakers.
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์™€ ์˜์–ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์ ํ•ฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:13
We're going to cover a topic that we get wrong all the time.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ‹€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
Commas, before we get started,
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Commas, ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
00:19
I would just like to mention
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00:21
that we are running a special offer
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00:23
on our Advanced Grammar Challenge.
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Advanced Grammar Challenge์—์„œ ํŠน๋ณ„ ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
This is an amazing 30-day challenge that covers
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€
00:31
over 50 of the most common advanced grammar mistakes.
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50๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด 30์ผ ์ฑŒ๋ฆฐ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
In just 30 days, you will have a grammar transformation.
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๋‹จ 30์ผ ๋งŒ์— ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
It's a video based course
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00:42
with lots of exercises
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๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ์Šต
00:43
and a teacher-led support community for questions.
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๊ณผ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์‚ฌ ์ฃผ๋„ ์ง€์› ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
We cover topics like intensifiers,
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์ฆ์„ธ,
00:50
the subjunctive, advanced comparatives,
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๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•, ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋น„๊ต๊ธ‰,
00:53
mixed conditionals, punctuation,
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ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ, ๊ตฌ๋‘์ ,
00:56
the works, your grammar issues solved.
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์ž‘์—…, ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
If you would like to see the special price
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ํŠน๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:01
and to join, click on the link in the description box,
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์„ค๋ช…๋ž€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์„ธ์š”
01:04
but hurry, the offer ends soon.
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.
01:08
Right, let's get started with the lesson.
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์ข‹์•„, ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž.
01:10
I love eating my family and not using commas.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
(laughing)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:15
I'm sure you'll know by now,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์ฏค์ด๋ฉด
01:17
that commas are extremely important pieces of punctuation.
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์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋‘์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
In fact, in that sentence,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ
01:23
they're the difference between having normal hobbies
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ทจ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
01:27
and cannibalism.
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์‹์ธ ํ’์Šต์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
It should, of course be,
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๋ฌผ๋ก 
01:31
I love eating, my family
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์กฑ
01:33
and not using commas.
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๊ณผ ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
I'm going to talk to you about the four ways
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01:37
we use commas in English.
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์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
Number one, is lists.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋ชฉ๋ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
This is the usage that you're probably most familiar with.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
We use commas to separate items in a list,
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๋ชฉ๋ก์—์„œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
when the comma could be replaced with the word 'and'
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์‰ผํ‘œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด 'and'
01:53
or sometimes 'or'.
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 'or'๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
For example, please, can you pick up some bread, milk
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
02:00
and cheese while you're in town?
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๋งˆ์„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋นต, ์šฐ์œ , ์น˜์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์ข€ ์‚ฌ๋‹ค ์ค„ โ€‹โ€‹์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:02
Or, we spent the evening eating Indian food,
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๋˜๋Š” ์ธ๋„ ์Œ์‹์„ ๋จน์œผ๋ฉฐ
02:05
watching a great film and chatting about their travels.
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๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์—ฌํ–‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋–จ๋ฉฐ ์ €๋…์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
In British English, it's not as common
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์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š”
02:11
to put the comma before the and,
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and ์•ž์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
02:13
but in American English, it is common to do so.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
For example, I've been to California, Nevada,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„, ๋„ค๋ฐ”๋‹ค,
02:20
and Arizona.
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์• ๋ฆฌ์กฐ๋‚˜์— ๊ฐ€๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
The exception to this in British English
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์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:23
is that you should use the comma
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์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:25
if it will make your meaning clearer.
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.
02:27
For example, I love listening to artists from the seventies
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ €๋Š”
02:31
like The Who, The Eagles, and Simon and Garfunkel.
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The Who, The Eagles, Simon and Garfunkel๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ 70๋…„๋Œ€ ์•„ํ‹ฐ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
In this case, Simon and Garfunkel worked together,
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Simon๊ณผ Garfunkel์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘์—…ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ
02:39
so adding a comma, makes it clearer.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
Another legendary example of this
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „์„ค์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋Š”
02:44
is I invited the strippers, JFK and Stalin.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌํผ JFK์™€ ์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ์„ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
It would be better to write.
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์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
I invited the strippers, JFK, and Stalin.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌํผ, JFK, ์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ์„ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
Without the comma after JFK,
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JFK ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฉด
02:57
it sounds like the two men, are strippers,
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๋‘ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌํผ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:59
which they were likely not.
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.
03:01
When the first noun in the list
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๋ชฉ๋ก์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
03:03
could describe the nouns following it,
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๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
03:05
always use a comma.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
03:07
When we have coordinate adjectives, we can use a comma.
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์ขŒํ‘œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
This only works if the adjectives can be separated by 'and'
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  'and'๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:15
without changing the meaning of the sentence.
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.
03:18
For example, it was a terrifying, haunting ride.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋”์ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žŠํ˜€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํƒˆ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
It was a terrifying and haunting ride.
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๋ฌด์„ญ๊ณ  ์žŠํ˜€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์—ฌํ–‰์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
This sentence does not use commas.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
I love ancient French clocks.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์‹œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
Ancient and French cannot be separated by 'and',
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๊ณ ๋Œ€์™€ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด๋Š” 'and'๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
03:36
so we don't use a comma.
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์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
Number two, separating clauses.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ์กฐํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
We also use commas to separate two independent clauses
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๋˜ํ•œ ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
03:45
that could be joined with for,
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for, and
03:47
and, nor, but,
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, nor, but,
03:50
or, yet,
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or, yet,
03:52
or, so.
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or, so๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ ˆ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
The acronym to remember
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03:56
these coordinating conjunctions is FANBOYS.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋“ฑ์œ„ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ์•ฝ์–ด๋Š” FANBOYS์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
(laughing)
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(์›ƒ์Œ) FANBOYS๋ฅผ
04:01
For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
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์œ„ํ•ด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ์•„์ง, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
04:04
FANBOYS.
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.
04:05
Some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
It was a wonderful day out,
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๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์™ธ์ถœ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
04:09
and we thoroughly enjoyed ourselves.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
Or, the coffee is excellent in Australia,
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๋˜๋Š” ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ปคํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญ
04:15
but I've always preferred tea.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
Or, we sold everything, so we managed to make a profit.
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๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํŒ”์•„ ์ด์ต์„ ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
If the clauses are short, you can leave out the comma.
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์ ˆ์ด ์งง์œผ๋ฉด ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์งง์€์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ
04:25
It's up to you to decide whether they are short enough.
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๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:28
For example, I cooked and Joe cleaned.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  Joe๋Š” ์ฒญ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—
04:31
When you have a subordinating clause
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์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
04:33
at the beginning of a sentence,
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04:35
it is usually followed by a comma.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋’ค์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
If you need anything, let me know.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
04:40
Although he invented something very important,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:43
most people don't know his name.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
However, when the subordinating clause
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
04:47
is in the second half of the sentence,
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์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”
04:50
we generally don't use a conjunction.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
For example, they gave me some water because I was parched.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ์ด ๋ง๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ข€ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
Because I was parched, they gave me some water.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ์ด ๋ง๋ž๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
We need to talk about the comma splice.
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์‰ผํ‘œ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
Doesn't that sound exciting?
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
05:04
The comma splice.
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์‰ผํ‘œ ์Šคํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์Šค.
05:05
A really common mistake is using a comma
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์ •๋ง ํ”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
05:08
to join two independent clauses without using a conjunction.
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ ˆ์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:12
Sometimes, it's better to use a semicolon
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๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
05:16
or even a full stop in these situations.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ธ๋ฏธ์ฝœ๋ก ์ด๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
Here is an example of a comma splice.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์‰ผํ‘œ ์Šคํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์Šค์˜ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
This is incorrect.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
I can't go out tonight, I have to be up early tomorrow.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์— ์™ธ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”. ๋‚ด์ผ ์ผ์ฐ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
05:27
I can't and I have to, are two independent clauses
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I can't and I must๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ ˆ
05:32
and a comma simply doesn't have the power
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์ด๋ฉฐ ์‰ผํ‘œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋‘ ์ ˆ์„
05:34
to join them together.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ถŒํ•œ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
There are several different ways,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
you could punctuate this sentence.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๊ตฌ๋‘์ ์„ ์ฐ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
I can't go out tonight.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋ฐค ๋ฐ–์— ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค.
05:41
Full stop.
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๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ.
05:42
I have to be up early tomorrow.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ์ผ์ฐ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
05:44
Or, I can't go out tonight.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์— ์™ธ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
Semicolon.
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์„ธ๋ฏธ์ฝœ๋ก .
05:47
I have to be up early tomorrow.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ์ผ์ฐ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
05:49
And finally, we could insert a word.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด์ผ ์ผ์ฐ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•ด์„œ
05:52
I can't go out tonight as I have to be up early tomorrow.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์— ์™ธ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:55
Here are some more examples of comma splices to avoid.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ํ”ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‰ผํ‘œ ์Šคํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์Šค์˜ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
The flowers were beautiful, they smelt incredible.
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๊ฝƒ์€ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์› ๊ณ , ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
Everyone should make at least one dish,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ ์–ด๋„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ
06:05
however, some people might want to make more.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋” ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
Note that, however, is a conjunctive adverb
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋Š” ๋“ฑ์œ„
06:10
not a coordinating or subordinating conjunction.
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์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ์ข…์†์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ ‘์†๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
06:14
And you can't use it to join sentences.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
Other adverbs like this are nevertheless, my favourite,
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:21
moreover, therefore,
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06:23
and furthermore.
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. ์ด์—
06:24
The correct punctuation for this is with a full stop
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๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ๋‘์ ์€
06:28
or a semicolon before however.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•ž์— ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ ๋˜๋Š” ์„ธ๋ฏธ์ฝœ๋ก ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
Number three, isolating.
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ.
06:33
These types of commas are the ones
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์‰ผํ‘œ๋Š”
06:35
that people make the most mistakes with.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜
06:38
We use isolating commas when a word
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ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด
06:41
or several words in a sentence could be taken out
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๋˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ
06:44
without changing the meaning.
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์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋นผ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
This is very often around names.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข…์ข… ์ด๋ฆ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
When we are addressing someone directly.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๋•Œ.
06:51
For example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
06:53
Tina, you really excelled yourself today!
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Tina, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ •๋ง ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
06:56
Or, take these plates with you, Bob, please.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ฐฅ, ์ด ์ ‘์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š” .
06:59
We also use commas after exclamations.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œํ‘œ ๋’ค์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
Well, that wasn't very satisfactory!
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด!
07:05
Or, oh, is that Allen over there?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ €๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•จ๋Ÿฐ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
07:08
And finally we use them with non-essential appositives.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋น„ํ•„์ˆ˜ ๋™๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:12
For example, Lucy's dog, Diego, won a prize recently.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด Lucy์˜ ๊ฐœ Diego๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
That's true.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
He won third place in the village.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งˆ์„์—์„œ 3์œ„๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
Best trick competition.
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์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ํŠธ๋ฆญ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ.
07:21
I was devastated.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ง์—ฐ์ž์‹คํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
Okay and, Jun was a good, even great, tennis player.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Jun์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์„ ์ˆ˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
You could take out the information in commas
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์‰ผํ‘œ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋นผ๋„
07:30
and the sentence would still make sense.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€‹โ€‹์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
But be careful with this.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
07:36
This sentence is not correct.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
I stood up on stage,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๋Œ€ ์œ„์— ์„œ์„œ
07:40
and feeling a little stupid, started speaking.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ”๋ณด ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋“ค์–ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
You must put the comma after 'and'
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07:47
to ensure that without the information in commas,
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์‰ผํ‘œ์— ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด๋„
07:50
the sentence is still correct.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด 'and' ๋’ค์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
I stood up on stage and,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๋Œ€ ์œ„์— ์„œ์„œ
07:54
feeling a little stupid, started speaking.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ”๋ณด ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋“ค์–ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
We can remove feeling a little stupid.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์–ด๋ฆฌ์„์€ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
I stood up on stage and started speaking.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๋Œ€ ์œ„์— ์„œ์„œ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
It still makes sense.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ง์ด๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ
08:05
We can also use commas in non-defining relative clauses.
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์—๋„ ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:09
I'll only mention this briefly,
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08:10
because I mention relative clauses in another lesson.
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๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
And I'll link to that lesson in the description box.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช… ์ƒ์ž์— ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฐ•์˜์— ๋งํฌํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:17
I have a complete lesson on clauses.
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์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๊ตํ›ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
Finally, I want to talk to you about direct speech.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ง์ ‘ ์—ฐ์„ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
We use a comma before or after direct speech.
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์ง์ ‘ ์—ฐ์„ค ์ „ํ›„์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
Look at these examples.
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์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
08:28
Somchai shouted, "Where are you going?"
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์†œ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” "์–ด๋”” ๊ฐ€๋ƒ"๊ณ  ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ณค๋‹ค.
08:31
"I love you," said Dylan.
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"์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ด." ๋”œ๋Ÿฐ์ด ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
Notice that in the first example,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ
08:35
the comma is outside the speech marks,
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์‰ผํ‘œ๋Š” ์Šคํ”ผ์น˜ ๋งˆํฌ ๋ฐ–์— ์žˆ๊ณ 
08:38
while in the second, it's inside.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
It can be quite confusing
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08:42
that this is used more in American English
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข…์ข… The Oxford comma๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:44
because it's often referred to as The Oxford comma.
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.
08:48
Sometimes it's called The Harvard comma,
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ The Harvard comma
08:50
or The Serial comma.
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๋˜๋Š” The Serial comma๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
In British English, we only tend to use it,
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์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š”
08:55
if it would be unclear otherwise.
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๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
Nowadays, it's also a stylistic choice.
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์š”์ฆ˜์—๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ฒด ์„ ํƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
So certain publications will favour using it all the time.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํŠน์ • ๊ฐ„ํ–‰๋ฌผ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
Right, that's it for today's lesson.
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๋งž์•„์š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ฐ•์˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
If you found that useful,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:07
I think the advanced grammar challenge
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๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ฑŒ๋ฆฐ์ง€๊ฐ€
09:09
will be perfect for you.
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๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
The link to join
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๊ฐ€์ž…
09:12
and to see the special offer price
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๋ฐ ํŠน๋ณ„ ์ œ์•ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งํฌ๋Š”
09:14
is in the description box.
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์„ค๋ช… ์ƒ์ž์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
Hurry, that ends soon.
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์„œ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ, ๊ณง ๋๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
Don't forget to connect with me on all of my social media.
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๋‚ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
09:21
I've got my Instagram, English with Lucy
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๋‚ด ์ธ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจ, Lucy์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด,
09:23
and my personal one at Lucy.
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Lucy์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ด ๊ฐœ์ธ ๊ณ„์ •์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
You can also check out all of my English courses.
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์ €์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์–ด ์ฝ”์Šค๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
There are so many there to choose from.
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์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
I will see you soon for another lesson.
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๊ณง ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•์˜๋กœ ์ฐพ์•„๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
Bye.
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์•ˆ๋…•.
09:35
(catchy music)
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(์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์Œ์•…)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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