Plural Nouns Pronunciation - /s/ /z/ or /iz/? (pronounce PERFECTLY every time!) (+ Free PDF & Quiz)

295,968 views

2022-06-09 ใƒป English with Lucy


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Plural Nouns Pronunciation - /s/ /z/ or /iz/? (pronounce PERFECTLY every time!) (+ Free PDF & Quiz)

295,968 views ใƒป 2022-06-09

English with Lucy


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
- Hello, lovely students,
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-ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็ด ๆ•ตใชๅญฆ็”ŸใŸใกใ€
00:01
and welcome back to "English With Lucy."
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ŒEnglishWithLucyใ€ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:03
Today, I've got a pronunciation video for you,
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ไปŠๆ—ฅ ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€
00:07
and we are also going to be talking about spelling.
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ใใ—ใฆ็ง้”ใฏใพใŸ ใ‚นใƒšใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
00:11
Today's topic is Plural Nouns.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
00:14
And that might seem quite simple
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œ
00:16
or quite easy to some of you,
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ใฏใ‚ใชใŸๆ–นใฎไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใซใจใฃใฆใฏ้žๅธธใซๅ˜็ด”ใพใŸใฏ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใซๆ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ
00:17
but trust me, lots of people struggle with this.
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็งใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ๅคšใใฎ ไบบใ€…ใŒใ“ใ‚Œใซ่‹ฆๅŠดใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:21
Why do we say "one book," but "two books," with a 's' sound?
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ใชใœใ€Œ1ๅ†Šใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใซ ใ€Œ2ๅ†Šใ€ใจใ€Œsใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใง่จ€ใ†ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:28
Yet, we say "one dog," "two dogs," with a 'z' sound.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œzใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ€Œ1ๅŒนใฎ็Šฌใ€ใ€Œ2 ๅŒนใฎ็Šฌใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:35
To make things even more complicated,
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ่ค‡้›‘ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€
00:37
we say "one house," "two houses,"
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ใ€Œ1ใคใฎๅฎถใ€ใ€ใ€Œ2ใคใฎๅฎถใ€
00:41
with an 'iz' sound.
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ใจใ€Œizใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใง่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:43
Plural nouns are not as simple as you think,
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่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใปใฉๅ˜็ด”ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅ
00:46
but I can definitely simplify them for you today.
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ใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใชใ ๅ˜็ด”ๅŒ–ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:49
I'm going to cover all of the spelling
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ใ‚นใƒšใƒซ
00:51
and pronunciation rules with you.
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ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’ใ™ในใฆใ‚ซใƒใƒผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:53
And as always, there is a free PDF
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ใใ—ใฆใ„ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
00:56
that goes with this lesson.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซไป˜้šใ™ใ‚‹็„กๆ–™ใฎPDFใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:57
It contains everything that we are going to cover today.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ๅ†…ๅฎนใŒใ™ในใฆๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:01
And importantly, it has a quiz.
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ใใ—ใฆ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใซใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:04
It's totally free to download.
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ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใซ็„กๆ–™ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:05
If you'd like to download this PDF,
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ใ“ใฎPDFใ‚’ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
01:07
just click on the link in the description box,
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ใฏใ€่ชฌๆ˜Žใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆ
01:10
you enter your name and your email address,
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ใ€ๅๅ‰ ใจใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚น
01:12
you sign up for my mailing list,
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ใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใ€ใƒกใƒผใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใซ็™ป้Œฒใ™ใ‚‹
01:14
and the PDF will arrive directly in your inbox.
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ใจใ€PDFใŒ ๅ—ไฟกใƒˆใƒฌใ‚คใซ็›ดๆŽฅๅฑŠใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:17
After that, you will automatically receive
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ใใฎๅพŒใ€
01:19
all of my free weekly lesson PDFs
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ใ™ในใฆใฎ็„กๆ–™ใฎๆฏŽ้€ฑใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณPDF
01:22
along with all my news, course updates, and offers.
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ใจใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ€ ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใฎๆ›ดๆ–ฐใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใŒ่‡ชๅ‹•็š„ใซๅ—ไฟกใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
01:26
It's a free service, and you can unsubscribe at any time.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็„กๆ–™ใฎใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใงใ€ ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚้€€ไผšใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:28
One other thing,
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ใ‚‚ใ†1ใค
01:30
if you are interested in British English pronunciation,
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ใ€ ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
01:33
more specifically, learning my accent,
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ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏใ€็งใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆ
01:36
the modern RP accent,
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ใ€็พไปฃใฎRPใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๅญฆใถ
01:38
then I am running a special offer
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€็™บ้Ÿณใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใง็‰นๅˆฅใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
01:40
on my pronunciation course.
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ใ€‚
01:42
In this course, we go through every single phoneme
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใง ใฏใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎ้Ÿณ็ด 
01:45
and how to pronounce it,
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ใจใใฎ็™บ้Ÿณๆ–นๆณ•ใซ
01:46
plus loads of other lessons,
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ๅŠ ใˆใฆใ€ไป–ใฎๅคšใใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚
01:48
it really is an excellent course.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎ็‰นๅˆฅใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผ
01:50
If you'd like to discover that special offer,
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ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
01:53
just click on the link in the description box,
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ใฏใ€่ชฌๆ˜Žใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘
01:55
and you'll see it, it's all there for you.
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ใงใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ใ™ในใฆใŒๆƒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:57
Right, let's get started with this pronunciation
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ ใ“ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณ
02:00
and spelling lesson.
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ใจ็ถดใ‚Šใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:01
So plural nouns are the form that tells us
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ๅฝข
02:03
that there is more than one of something.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:06
With regular nouns, we simply add an s to make them plural.
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้€šๅธธใฎๅ่ฉžใงใฏ ใ€sใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใง่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:11
For example, one book, two books,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€1ๅ†Šใฎๆœฌใ€2ๅ†Šใฎๆœฌใ€
02:14
one dog, two dogs,
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1ๅŒนใฎ็Šฌใ€2ๅŒนใฎ็Šฌใ€
02:15
one house, two houses.
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1ใคใฎๅฎถใ€2ใคใฎๅฎถใ€‚
02:17
Now, as I said at the beginning of this video,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†’้ ญใง่ฟฐในใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€้€šๅธธใฎๅ่ฉžใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซsใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹
02:20
there are three different ways
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ใซใฏ3ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
02:22
to pronounce the s at the end of regular nouns.
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ใ€‚
02:26
We have 's' as in books,
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ๆœฌใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€Œsใ€
02:30
'z' as in dogs,
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ใ€็Šฌใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€Œzใ€
02:33
and 'iz' as in houses.
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ใ€ๅฎถใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€Œizใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:36
We're going to talk about those three sounds
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ3ใคใฎ
02:38
in detail today.
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้Ÿณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉณใ—ใใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:39
And I'm going to teach you how to decide which one to use.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑบใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ใŠๆ•™ใˆใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
02:43
But first,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซใ€
02:44
I want to mention the spelling of irregular nouns,
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ไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ใชๅ่ฉžใ€
02:49
irregular plural nouns.
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ไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ใช่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฎๅ่ฉžใฎใคใฅใ‚Šใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ๅŠใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:51
And they're not made by just adding an s.
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ใพใŸใ€sใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใฏไฝœๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:53
You sometimes need to add a letter or two
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1ใ€2ๆ–‡ๅญ—่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹
02:56
or completely change the spelling.
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ใ‹ใ€ใ‚นใƒšใƒซใ‚’ๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:59
Let me give you some examples,
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
03:00
one baby, two babies,
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ใ€‚1ไบบใฎ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ€2ไบบใฎ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ€
03:04
one knife, two knives,
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1ไบบใฎใƒŠใ‚คใƒ•ใ€2ไบบใฎใƒŠใ‚คใƒ•ใ€
03:07
one church, two churches.
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1ใคใฎๆ•™ไผšใ€2ใคใฎๆ•™ไผšใงใ™ใ€‚
03:10
I'll go into more detail about these spelling changes
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚นใƒšใƒซใฎๅค‰ๆ›ดใซใคใ„ใฆ
03:13
in a moment.
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ใฏใ€ๅพŒใปใฉ่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:14
But first, let's talk about the pronunciation
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซใ€
03:17
of 's' at the end of plural nouns, regular plural nouns.
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่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฎๅ่ฉžใ€้€šๅธธใฎ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฎๅ่ฉžใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œsใ€ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
03:22
Listen to the sound 's.'
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้Ÿณใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:24
It's like the sound a snake makes.
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ใƒ˜ใƒ“ใฎ้ณดใๅฃฐใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
03:27
It's completely voiceless.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใซ็„กๅฃฐใงใ™ใ€‚
03:29
So if you put your hand on your voice box here,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๅ–‰้ ญใซๆ‰‹ใ‚’็ฝฎใ„ใฆ
03:33
and you say 's,' you shouldn't feel a vibration.
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ใ€Œsใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจ ใ€ๆŒฏๅ‹•ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:37
That's a really good way to check
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ใ“ใ‚Œ
03:39
if a sound is voiced or unvoiced or voiced and voiceless.
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ใฏใ€้ŸณใŒๆœ‰ๅฃฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹็„กๅฃฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ ใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏๆœ‰ๅฃฐใง็„กๅฃฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ้žๅธธใซ่‰ฏใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:44
When you say a voiced sound like, "Mmm," or "Whh,"
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ใ€Œใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใ€Œใตใ…ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆฟ้Ÿณใ‚’
03:49
if you put your hand on your throat,
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ๅ–‰ใซๅฝ“ใฆใ‚‹
03:51
you'll feel that it vibrates.
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ใจใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆŒฏๅ‹•ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:54
"Mmm," "Whh," mine certainly did,
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ใ€Œใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใ€Œใตใ…ใ€็งใฏ็ขบใ‹ใซใใ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€
03:56
I hope yours did too.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ใใ†ใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ„ใ„ใฎใซใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:57
We use the sound 's'
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04:01
if the sound that comes before the s ending
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sใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใฎๅ‰ใซๆฅใ‚‹้Ÿณ
04:05
is 'f,' 'k,' 'p,' 't,' or 'h.'
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ใŒใ€Œfใ€ใ€ใ€Œkใ€ใ€ใ€Œpใ€ใ€ใ€Œtใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œhใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€้Ÿณใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:12
So five sounds there,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ“ใซใฏ5ใคใฎ้Ÿณใ€
04:14
'f,' 'k,' 'p,' 't,' or 'h.'
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ใ€Œfใ€ใ€ใ€Œkใ€ใ€ใ€Œpใ€ใ€ใ€Œtใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œhใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:20
So now you know when to use the 's' sound in a plural,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใง ใ€ใ€Œsใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒŸใƒณใ‚ฐใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ
04:24
let's look at some examples.
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ใฎใงใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:26
We have, "belief," "beliefs."
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็งใŸใกใซใฏใ€ใ€Œไฟกๅฟตใ€ใ€ใ€Œไฟกๅฟตใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:30
If you try and say that with a 'z' sound
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ใ€Œsใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€Œzใ€
04:34
instead of a 's' sound,
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ใฎ้Ÿณใง
04:35
"beliefz," it sounds weird.
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ใ€Œbeliefzใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
04:37
And it's also more difficult.
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใฏใพใŸใ‚ˆใ‚Š้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ
04:39
So do yourself a favour,
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04:40
'cause not many parts of English are logical and easy,
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ๅคšใใฎ้ƒจๅˆ† ใŒ่ซ–็†็š„ใง็ฐกๅ˜ใงใฏใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆŒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€
04:44
but this part is I think.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏ็งใŒๆ€ใ†ใซใ€‚
04:45
You also have "book," "books,"
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ใพใŸใ€ใ€Œๆœฌใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆœฌใ€ใ€
04:49
"cup," "cups,"
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ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใ€
04:52
"bat," "bats,"
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ใ€Œใƒใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ณใ‚ฆใƒขใƒชใ€ใ€
04:55
"moth," "moths."
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ใ€Œ่›พใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่›พใ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:58
Try saying any of those with a 'z' sound,
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ใ€Œzใ€ใฎ้ŸณใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
05:02
and it'll cost you more energy.
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ใ€‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใŒๅฟ…่ฆใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:03
Let's move onto the 'z' sound and when to use it.
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'z' ใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใจใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ„ใคไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:06
Previous sound was like a snake, 's'.
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ไปฅๅ‰ใฎ้Ÿณใฏใƒ˜ใƒ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ—ใŸใ€ใ€Œsใ€ใ€‚
05:09
This one is like a bee, 'z,' voiced. (chuckling)
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏใƒŸใƒ„ใƒใƒใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช ใ€Œzใ€ใฎๆฟ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
05:14
So if you put your hand on your throat again, 'z,'
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆๅ–‰ใซๆ‰‹ใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใ‚‹ใจ ใ€ใ€Œzใ€
05:18
you should feel a vibration.
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ใ€ๆŒฏๅ‹•ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
05:19
Now, the 'z' sound is far more common,
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็พๅœจใ€ใ€Œzใ€ใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใฏใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใง
05:22
and we use it after many more sounds.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅคšใใฎใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใฎๅพŒใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:25
We use it after the 'b' sound, the 'd' sound,
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'b' ใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใ€'d'ใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใ€
05:32
'g,' 'l,' 'm,' 'n,' 'n.'
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'gใ€''lใ€''mใ€''nใ€''n'ใฎๅพŒใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:38
I know that 'n' sound is quite hard to pronounce.
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ใ€Œnใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใฏ็™บ้ŸณใŒ้žๅธธใซ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็งใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:42
'N' at the front, 'n' in the middle, 'n' in the back.
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ๅ‰้ขใซใ€ŒNใ€ ใ€ไธญๅคฎใซใ€Œnใ€ใ€่ƒŒ้ขใซใ€Œnใ€ใ€‚
05:47
I cover all of this in the pronunciation course.
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็งใฏ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ใ‚ซใƒใƒผใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:49
Again, you can click on the link in the description box
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ ใ€่ชฌๆ˜Žใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ€
05:52
to claim that special offer.
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ใใฎ็‰นๅˆฅใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ‚’่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:54
'R,' 'vh,' 'v,' or vowel sounds.
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'Rใ€''vhใ€''vใ€'ใพใŸใฏๆฏ้Ÿณใ€‚
05:58
All of these are voiced.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆๆœ‰ๅฃฐใงใ™ใ€‚
06:00
So again, we match them up with the voiced 'z' sound.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ ใ‚’ๆœ‰ๅฃฐใฎใ€Œzใ€้Ÿณใจไธ€่‡ดใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:03
Let's see some examples.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:05
We have "crab," "crabs,"
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ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒ‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒ‹ใ€ใ€
06:08
"bed," "beds,"
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ใ€Œใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใ€ใ€
06:11
"dog," "dogs,"
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ใ€Œ็Šฌใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็Šฌใ€ใ€
06:13
"hill," "hills,"
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ใ€Œไธ˜ใ€ใ€ใ€Œไธ˜ใ€ใ€
06:16
"dream," "dreams,"
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ใ€Œๅคขใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅคขใ€ใ€
06:19
"pen," "pens,"
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ใ€Œใƒšใƒณใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒšใƒณใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:22
"king," "kings,"
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ใ€Œ็Ž‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็Ž‹ใ€ใ€
06:25
"clothe," "clothes,"
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ใ€Œๆœใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆœใ€ใ€
06:28
"glove," "gloves,"
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ใ€Œๆ‰‹่ข‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆ‰‹่ข‹ใ€ใ€
06:31
"bee," "bees,"
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ใ€Œ่œ‚ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่œ‚ใ€ใ€
06:33
"boy," "boys,"
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ใ€Œๅฐ‘ๅนดใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฐ‘ๅนดใ€ใ€
06:36
"shoe," "shoes."
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ใ€Œ้ดใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้ดใ€ใ€‚
06:38
So we've gone through quite a lot already,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ™ใงใซใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใพใ 
06:40
but we're not done.
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็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:41
We're not done with the 'z' sound yet.
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ใ€Œzใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใฏใพใ ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:43
Here are spelling changes.
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ใ‚นใƒšใƒซใฎๅค‰ๆ›ดใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
06:45
I said earlier that some words change their spelling
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ๅ…ˆใปใฉ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
06:48
when we make them plural.
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่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ‚นใƒšใƒซใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:50
"Baby," "babies," "knife," "knives."
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ใ€Œ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ€ใ€ใ€ŒใƒŠใ‚คใƒ•ใ€ใ€ใ€ŒใƒŠใ‚คใƒ•ใ€ใ€‚
06:55
Let's look at "baby-babies" first.
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ใพใšใฏใ€Œ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:57
To make the word baby plural,
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่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซ
07:00
we remove the y and we add ies.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€yใ‚’ๅ‰Š้™คใ—ใ€iesใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:03
We do this when the letter before the y is a consonant,
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ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏใ€yใฎๅ‰ใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—
07:07
like the b in baby.
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ใŒ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใฎbใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅญ้Ÿณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซ่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:10
Some other examples, "puppy," "puppies,"
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ไป–ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ€ใ€Œๅญ็Šฌใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅญ็Šฌใ€ใ€
07:14
"lady," "ladies," "blueberry," "blueberries."
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ใ€Œๅฅณๆ€งใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฅณๆ€งใ€ใ€ ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒซใƒผใƒ™ใƒชใƒผใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒซใƒผใƒ™ใƒชใƒผใ€ใ€‚
07:19
When a word ends in ies, that 'z' sound is voiced
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ๅ˜่ชžใŒiesใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅญ็Šฌใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใใฎๅ‰ใซๆฅใ‚‹ ้ŸณใŒ็„กๅฃฐใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใใฎใ€Œzใ€้Ÿณใฏๆœ‰ๅฃฐ
07:24
even when the sound that comes before it is unvoiced,
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ใงใ™ ใŒ
07:27
like with puppies, 'p' is unvoiced,
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ใ€ใ€Œpใ€ใฏ็„กๅฃฐใงใ™
07:31
but because it's followed by ies, we say 'iz.'
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ใŒใ€ใใฎๅพŒ ใซiesใŒ็ถšใใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œizใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:36
Another example, "ability," "abilities."
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ€ใ€Œ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ€ใ€‚
07:39
Now, let's talk about "knife" and "knives."
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ใ€ŒใƒŠใ‚คใƒ•ใ€ใจใ€ŒใƒŠใ‚คใƒ•ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:42
You can see, that to make the word knife a plural,
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ใƒŠใ‚คใƒ•ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝข
07:45
we take away the f and the e, and we replace it with ves.
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ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€fใจe ใ‚’ๅ‰Š้™คใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’vesใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:50
This often happens when a noun ends in f or fe.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€ๅ่ฉžใŒfใพใŸใฏfeใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:55
Let's take a look at some more examples.
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:57
We have "loaf," "loaves,"
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ใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒณใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒณใ€ใ€
08:00
"life," "lives,"
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ใ€Œ็”Ÿๅ‘ฝใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็”Ÿใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€
08:02
"wolf," "wolves."
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ใ€Œใ‚ชใ‚ชใ‚ซใƒŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ชใ‚ชใ‚ซใƒŸใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:05
However, there are quite a few words that don't change.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‰ใชใ„่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:08
Previously, we saw "belief," "beliefs."
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ไปฅๅ‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œไฟกๅฟตใ€ใ€ใ€Œไฟกๅฟตใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:11
We also have "chef," "chefs," "handcuff," "handcuffs."
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ใ€Œใ‚ทใ‚งใƒ•ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ทใ‚งใƒ•ใ€ ใ€Œๆ‰‹้Œ ใ€ใ€Œๆ‰‹้Œ ใ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:17
English is full of exceptions.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฏไพ‹ๅค–ใงใ„ใฃใฑใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:19
If you're ever in doubt, take a look at the dictionary.
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็–‘ๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€่พžๆ›ธใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:22
And the one I recommend is the Oxford Learner's Dictionary,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŒใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ ใ‚ชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ‰็พไปฃ่‹ฑ่‹ฑ่พžๅ…ธ
08:26
because more often than not,
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆ
08:27
they have the phonetic transcriptions
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08:29
for both the plurals and the singulars.
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ใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใจๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฎไธกๆ–นใฎ็™บ้Ÿณ่กจ่จ˜ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:31
That way, you can take a look at the differences.
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐ ใ€้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:33
I have one more section under the 'z' sound,
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ใ€Œzใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใฎไธ‹ใซใ‚‚ใ†1ใคใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
08:37
words that end in o.
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ๅ˜่ชžใฏoใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:39
When these words are made plural, they end in z,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€zใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
08:42
but sometimes, we also change spelling.
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ใŒใ€ใ‚นใƒšใƒซใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:44
For some words, we simply add the s.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ˜่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ๅ˜ใซsใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:46
For example, "piano," "pianos,"
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œpianoใ€ใ€ใ€Œpianosใ€ใ€
08:49
"radio," "radios," "photo," "photos,"
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ใ€Œradioใ€ใ€ใ€Œradiosใ€ใ€ใ€Œphotoใ€ใ€ใ€Œphotosใ€ใชใฉใงใ™
08:53
but for others, we add es.
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ใŒใ€ใใฎไป–ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏesใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:56
"Tomato," "tomatoes,"
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ใ€Œใƒˆใƒžใƒˆใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒˆใƒžใƒˆใ€ใ€
08:58
"potato," "potatoes,"
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ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒขใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒขใ€ใ€
09:01
"hero," "heroes."
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ใ€Œใƒ’ใƒผใƒญใƒผใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ’ใƒผใƒญใƒผใ€ใ€‚
09:04
The final word that we're looking at today
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ไปŠๆ—ฅ็งใŸใกใŒ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ่จ€่‘‰
09:06
is the 'iz' sound.
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ใฏใ€Œizใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
09:08
And this sound is special,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใฏ็‰นๅˆฅ
09:09
because when we add it to the end of a singular word
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎๆœ€ๅพŒ
09:12
to make it plural, it adds an extra syllable.
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ใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใŒ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:15
One of the examples I gave you earlier
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็งใŒไปฅๅ‰ใซใ‚ใชใŸใซไธŽใˆใŸไพ‹ใฎ1ใค
09:17
was church and churches.
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ใฏๆ•™ไผšใจๆ•™ไผšใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:19
Can you hear the extra syllable, "iz," "churches."
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ไฝ™ๅˆ†ใช ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ€Œizใ€ใ€Œๆ•™ไผšใ€ใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
09:22
Luckily, we have some rules for this extra syllable sound.
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ๅนธใ„ใชใ“ใจใซใ€ใ“ใฎไฝ™ๅˆ†ใช้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎ้Ÿณใซใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
09:26
We use it when a noun ends in any one of these five sounds.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ5ใคใฎ้Ÿณใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงๅ่ฉžใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:31
'S,' 'dz,' 'z,' 'ch,' and 'sh.'
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'Sใ€''dzใ€''zใ€''chใ€'ใŠใ‚ˆใณ'shใ€‚'
09:37
And when we are writing the word, we either add s or es.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ ใ€sใพใŸใฏesใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:41
If the word already ends in e, we simply add s.
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ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ™ใงใซeใง็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ๅ˜ใซsใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:44
Here are handful of examples, we have "bridge," "bridges,"
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒชใƒƒใ‚ธใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒชใƒƒใ‚ธใ€ใ€
09:49
"chance," "chances,"
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ใ€Œใƒใƒฃใƒณใ‚นใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒใƒฃใƒณใ‚น
09:52
"prize," "prizes."
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ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่ณžๅ“ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่ณžๅ“ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:54
With words that don't already end in e, we just add es.
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ใพใ eใง็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ˜่ชžใงใฏ ใ€esใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:58
For example, "kiss," "kisses,"
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œใ‚ญใ‚นใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ญใ‚นใ€ใ€
10:01
"watch," "watches,"
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ใ€Œใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒƒใƒใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒƒใƒใ€ใ€
10:03
"box," "boxes."
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ใ€Œใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ€ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
10:05
Okay, I've taught you a lot of rules today,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆ
10:09
and I think it's time to put what you've learned
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ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฎŸ่ทตใ™ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ใŒๆฅใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
10:11
into practise.
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ใ€‚
10:12
Shall we try a quiz?
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:14
I'm going to say a singular noun, and I want you to decide
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ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฎ ๅ่ฉžใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใฎๅ่ฉž
10:18
how we would say the plural version of that noun.
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ใฎ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑบใ‚ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
10:21
You can either say it out loud.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅคงๅฃฐใง่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
10:23
You can write it in the comment section,
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใซ
10:25
or you can write it down at home.
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ๆ›ธใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ€่‡ชๅฎ…ใงๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
10:26
I want to know the pronunciation and the spelling.
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็™บ้Ÿณใจใคใฅใ‚Šใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ€‚
10:29
Do we add a 's,' a 'z,' or an 'iz?'
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ใ€Œsใ€ใ€ใ€Œzใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œizใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:33
Okay, there are 10 to go through, let's get started.
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ใ•ใฆใ€้€š้Žใ™ใ‚‹10ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:36
Number one, "rat," "rat."
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ใƒŠใƒณใƒใƒผใƒฏใƒณใ€ใ€Œใƒใ‚บใƒŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒใ‚บใƒŸใ€ใ€‚
10:41
(countdown beeping)
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๏ผˆใ‚ซใ‚ฆใƒณใƒˆใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใฎใƒ“ใƒผใƒ—้Ÿณ๏ผ‰
10:46
(victory music)
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๏ผˆๅ‹ๅˆฉใฎ้Ÿณๆฅฝ
10:47
The answer should be "rats," with a 's' sound.
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๏ผ‰็ญ”ใˆใฏ ใ€Œใƒใ‚บใƒŸใ€ใงใ€ใ€Œsใ€ใฎ้ŸณใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
10:51
Next, we have "class," "class."
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:55
(countdown beeping)
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๏ผˆใ‚ซใ‚ฆใƒณใƒˆใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใฎใƒ“ใƒผใƒ—้Ÿณ๏ผ‰
11:00
(victory music)
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๏ผˆๅ‹ๅˆฉใฎ้Ÿณๆฅฝ
11:01
The answer should be "classes,"
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๏ผ‰็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€Œใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใ€ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
11:03
we add that extra syllable 'iz.'
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ใ€‚ใใฎไฝ™ๅˆ†ใช้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ€Œizใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:06
Next, we have "apple," "apple."
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œใ‚Šใ‚“ใ”ใ€ใ€Œใ‚Šใ‚“ใ”ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:10
(countdown beeping)
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๏ผˆใ‚ซใ‚ฆใƒณใƒˆใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ“ใƒผใƒ—้Ÿณ๏ผ‰
11:15
(victory music)
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๏ผˆๅ‹ๅˆฉใฎ้Ÿณๆฅฝ
11:16
The answer is "apples," "apples."
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๏ผ‰็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€Œใ‚Šใ‚“ใ”ใ€ใ€Œใ‚Šใ‚“ใ”ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:20
'L' is voiced, so we add 'z.'
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ใ€ŒLใ€ใŒๆฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œzใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:23
Okay, next one, number four, "beach," "beach."
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆฌกใฎ1ใคใ€ 4็•ช็›ฎใ€ใ€Œใƒ“ใƒผใƒใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ“ใƒผใƒใ€ใ€‚
11:29
(countdown beeping)
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๏ผˆใ‚ซใ‚ฆใƒณใƒˆใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใฎใƒ“ใƒผใƒ—้Ÿณ๏ผ‰
11:34
(victory music)
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๏ผˆๅ‹ๅˆฉใฎ้Ÿณๆฅฝ
11:35
The answer is "beaches," "beaches,"
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๏ผ‰็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€Œใƒ“ใƒผใƒใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ“ใƒผใƒใ€
11:38
we add that extra syllable.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:41
What about "shop," "shop?"
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ใ€Œใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:45
(countdown beeping)
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๏ผˆใ‚ซใ‚ฆใƒณใƒˆใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใฎใƒ“ใƒผใƒ—้Ÿณ
11:50
The answer is "shops," "shops."
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๏ผ‰็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€ŒใŠๅบ—ใ€ใ€ŒใŠๅบ—ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:54
Okay, this is a tough one.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
11:56
Number six is "fridge," "fridge."
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6็•ช็›ฎใฏใ€Œๅ†ท่”ตๅบซใ€ใ€Œๅ†ท่”ตๅบซใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:00
(countdown beeping)
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๏ผˆใ‚ซใ‚ฆใƒณใƒˆใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใฎใƒ“ใƒผใƒ—้Ÿณ๏ผ‰
12:05
(victory music)
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๏ผˆๅ‹ๅˆฉใฎ้Ÿณๆฅฝ
12:06
The answer is "fridges," "fridges,"
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๏ผ‰็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€Œๅ†ท่”ตๅบซใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅ†ท่”ตๅบซ
12:09
with the extra syllable.
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ใ€ใ€ไฝ™ๅˆ†ใช้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:10
What about, number seven, "kangaroo," "kangaroo."
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๏ผ—็•ช ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒณใ‚ฌใƒซใƒผใ€ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒณใ‚ฌใƒซใƒผใ€ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
12:16
(countdown beeping)
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๏ผˆใ‚ซใ‚ฆใƒณใƒˆใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใฎใƒ“ใƒผใƒ—้Ÿณ๏ผ‰
12:21
(victory music) The answer is "kangaroos,"
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๏ผˆๅ‹ๅˆฉใฎ้Ÿณๆฅฝ ๏ผ‰็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€Œใ‚ซใƒณใ‚ฌใƒซใƒผใ€ใ€
12:23
"kangaroos," with the 'z' sound.
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ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒณใ‚ฌใƒซใƒผใ€ใ€ใ€Œzใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
12:26
What about "month," "month?"
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ใ€Œๆœˆใ€ใ€Œๆœˆใ€ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:30
(countdown beeping)
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๏ผˆใ‚ซใ‚ฆใƒณใƒˆใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใฎใƒ“ใƒผใƒ—้Ÿณ๏ผ‰
12:35
(victory music)
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๏ผˆๅ‹ๅˆฉใฎ้Ÿณๆฅฝ๏ผ‰
12:37
It should be "months," "months."
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๆœˆใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆœˆใ€ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:41
We also have "party," "party."
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ใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:45
(countdown beeping)
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๏ผˆใ‚ซใ‚ฆใƒณใƒˆใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใฎใƒ“ใƒผใƒ—้Ÿณ๏ผ‰
12:50
(victory music)
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๏ผˆๅ‹ๅˆฉใฎ้Ÿณๆฅฝ๏ผ‰
12:51
It's "parties," "parties,"
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใ€
12:54
watch out for that spelling change.
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ใงใ™ใ€ใใฎใคใฅใ‚Šใฎๅค‰ๆ›ดใซๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:57
Finally, a really hard one, we have "golf," "golf."
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้›ฃใ—ใ„ ใฎใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ดใƒซใƒ•ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ดใƒซใƒ•ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:03
(countdown beeping)
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๏ผˆใ‚ซใ‚ฆใƒณใƒˆใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ“ใƒผใƒ—้Ÿณ
13:08
It should be "golfs," "golfs."
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๏ผ‰ใ€Œใ‚ดใƒซใƒ•ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ดใƒซใƒ•ใ€ใฎใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
13:12
Right, that is it for today's lesson.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏไปฅไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚
13:14
I hope you enjoyed it.
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ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
13:15
And I hope you learned something.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:16
I've taught you a lot of rules today.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:19
Now, it's time to put them into practise.
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ไปŠใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅฎŸ่ทตใ™ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ใŒๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:21
If you'd like to review everything we've learned
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13:23
in today's lesson, everything we've discussed,
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงๅญฆใ‚“ ใ ใ“ใจใ™ในใฆใ€่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใฃใŸใ“ใจใ™ในใฆใ‚’็ขบ่ช
13:25
and take part in the quiz, then download our free PDF.
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ใ—ใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€็„กๆ–™ใฎPDFใ‚’ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:29
All you've got to do is click
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13:31
on the link in the description box,
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่ชฌๆ˜Žใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใ€
13:32
enter your name and your email address,
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ๅๅ‰ใจใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘
13:34
and the PDF will come directly to your inbox.
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ใงใ€PDFใŒ ๅ—ไฟกใƒˆใƒฌใ‚คใซ็›ดๆŽฅๅฑŠใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:37
If you're really interested in improving your pronunciation,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ ใ€
13:40
I'm running that special offer on my pronunciation course,
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็งใฏ ็งใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ€
13:43
my British English Pronunciation Course,
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็งใฎใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชž็™บ้Ÿณใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใงใใฎ็‰นๅˆฅใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
13:46
the offer and all of its details
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ใ€ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใจใใฎใ™ในใฆใฎ่ฉณ็ดฐ
13:48
are in the description box as well.
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ใฏ่ชฌๆ˜Žใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฎใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ข
13:49
Don't forget to connect with me on all of my social media.
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ใง็งใจใคใชใŒใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
13:52
I've got my Instagrams, at Lucy, my personal one,
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็งใฎInstagramใฏ ใ€ๅ€‹ไบบใฎInstagramใงใ‚ใ‚‹Lucy
13:55
and at EnglishwithLucy, my English Instagram.
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ใจใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎInstagramใงใ‚ใ‚‹EnglishwithLucyใซใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:58
I also have my website englishwithlucy.co.uk,
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็งใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆenglishwithlucy.co.ukใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
14:02
where I have a fantastic pronunciation tool,
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ใ“ใ“ใซใฏใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ ็™บ้Ÿณใƒ„ใƒผใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:05
it's a phonemic chart,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้Ÿณ็ด ใƒใƒฃใƒผใƒˆ
14:06
you can click on all the phonemes
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ™ในใฆใฎ้Ÿณ็ด ใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ€
14:08
and hear me pronounce those phonemes
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้Ÿณ็ด 
14:10
and words that contain those phonemes.
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ใจใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้Ÿณ็ด ใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
14:12
I also have my vlogging channel, Lucy Bella,
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ใพใŸใ€Vlogging ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใฎLucy Bella
14:15
where you can follow us and our lives here
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ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€่‹ฑๅ›ฝใฎ็”ฐ่ˆŽใง็งใŸใกใจ็งใŸใกใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใ‚’ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒญใƒผใงใใพใ™
14:18
in the English countryside.
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ใ€‚
14:19
But importantly, all of the blogs are fully subtitled,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—้‡่ฆใชใฎใฏใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎ ใƒ–ใƒญใ‚ฐใซๅฎŒๅ…จใชๅญ—ๅน•ใŒไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œ
14:23
so that you can use them for listening practise
292
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใŸใ‚ใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใฎ็ทด็ฟ’
14:25
and for expanding your vocabulary.
293
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ใ‚„่ชžๅฝ™ใฎๆ‹กๅผตใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
14:27
I hope to see you for another lesson very, very soon.
294
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2793
ใ™ใใซใพใŸๅˆฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใŠไผšใ„ใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
14:31
We're going to talk about those 3000 data.
295
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ3000ๅ€‹ใฎใƒ‡ใƒผใ‚ฟใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:35
Okay, far more, far more vows.
296
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใ€ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅคšใใฎ่ช“ใ„ใ€‚
14:42
Bears, sorry. (laughing)
297
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ใ‚ฏใƒžใ€ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
14:45
Knife, it's knife.
298
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2040
ใƒŠใ‚คใƒ•ใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏใƒŠใ‚คใƒ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:47
Oh, I've done that again.
299
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1393
ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใพใŸใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:48
Yes.
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚
14:49
'S,' 'jh,' 'yh,' sorry.
301
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'Sใ€''jhใ€''yhใ€'ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:53
'S,' 'ch,' 'z,' 'ch,'
302
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'Sใ€''chใ€''zใ€''chใ€'
14:58
this is really hard to say.
303
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่จ€ใ†ใฎใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:00
(indistinct) apologising to you all the time.
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๏ผˆไธๆ˜Ž็žญ๏ผ‰ ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใŠ่ฉซใณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:02
I'm sorry for saying sorry so much.
305
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:03
'Z.' (laughing)
306
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1602
ใ€ŒZ.ใ€ ๏ผˆ็ฌ‘ใ„๏ผ‰
15:05
(ambient music)
307
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2667
๏ผˆ็’ฐๅขƒ้Ÿณๆฅฝ๏ผ‰
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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