You are absolutely fluent in English if you can understand these

7,216,297 views ใƒป 2023-06-07

English with Lucy


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
- Hello, lovely students
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- ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็ด ๆ•ตใช็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใ€‚
00:01
and welcome back to English with Lucy.
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ใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:03
I've got a really fun lesson for you today
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใฎไธ–็•Œใ‚’ๆทฑใๆŽ˜ใ‚Šไธ‹ใ’ใฆใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™
00:05
because we're going to delve
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00:08
or dive into the world of jokes.
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ใ€‚
00:11
This is a really important part of British culture.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใฎ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใช ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
00:14
It's how we connect and follow social cues.
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็งใŸใกใŒใคใชใŒใ‚Šใ€ ็คพไผš็š„ใชๅˆๅ›ณใซๅพ“ใ†ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:17
We're going to talk about play on words, puns,
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่จ€่‘‰้Šใณใ€ใƒ€ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒฌใ€
00:20
all that good stuff.
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ใใฎไป–ใ™ในใฆใฎ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:21
Now, I know that jokes tend to be silly, but trust me,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใฏใฐใ‹ใฐใ‹ใ—ใ„ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ไฟกใ˜ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:24
this is actually quite serious business
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00:27
because understanding jokes and nuance
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ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚„ใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ขใƒณใ‚นใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ไธŠ็ดšใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎๆตๆšขใ•ใซใจใฃใฆ
00:29
is a really important aspect
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้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใชๅด้ขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ้žๅธธใซๆทฑๅˆปใชๅ•้กŒใงใ™
00:31
of the advanced levels of fluency.
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ใ€‚ ๅ˜่ชžใฎ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’
00:32
Familiarising yourself with multiple meanings
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็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€
00:35
of words is important at any level,
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ใฉใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซใŠใ„ใฆใ‚‚้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
00:37
so practising with the flexibility of words
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใ‚„ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆŸ”่ปŸใซไฝฟใฃใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€
00:40
and sentences is a great way to put your brain to work
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้ ญใ‚’ๅƒใ‹ใ›ใฆ
00:43
and increase your comprehension skills.
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็†่งฃๅŠ›ใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:46
Something that might help you even further
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใฎใฏใ€
00:48
is that I have created a free PDF for today's lesson.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ็”จใซ็„กๆ–™ใฎ PDF ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹
00:52
It contains everything that we're going to cover today,
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ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ†…ๅฎนใซ
00:54
plus a quiz so you can test your understanding.
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ๅŠ ใˆใฆใ€ ็†่งฃๅบฆใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:57
If you'd like to download that, all you have to do is click
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ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
00:59
on the link in the description box,
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่ชฌๆ˜Žใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใ€
01:01
you enter your name and your email address.
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ๅๅ‰ ใจ้›ปๅญใƒกใƒผใƒซ ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:03
You sign up to my mailing list
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็งใฎใƒกใƒผใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐ ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใซใ‚ตใ‚คใƒณใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ™ใ‚‹
01:04
and the PDF will arrive directly
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ใจใ€PDF ใŒ
01:06
in your inbox, and after that,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ—ไฟก็ฎฑใซ็›ดๆŽฅๅฑŠใใพใ™ใ€‚ใใฎๅพŒใ€
01:08
you'll automatically receive my free weekly lesson PDFs.
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็„กๆ–™ใฎๆฏŽ้€ฑใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ PDF ใŒ่‡ชๅ‹•็š„ใซๅฑŠใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:11
You'll also hear about my news, updates and course offers.
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็งใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ€ ๆœ€ๆ–ฐๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใฎใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:15
It's a free service and you can unsubscribe at any time.
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็„กๆ–™ใฎใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใชใฎใงใ€ ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚่ณผ่ชญใ‚’่งฃ้™คใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:18
Right, let's get started with the lesson.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:20
So I think the most common form of wordplay is the pun
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ่จ€่‘‰้Šใณใฎๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅฝขๅผใฏใƒ€ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒฌใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:24
and there is so much pun-related content circulating
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ใƒ€ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒฌใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใŸใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใƒ„ใŒใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆไธŠใงๆต้€šใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
01:28
around the internet.
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ใ€‚
01:29
Now, they're often referred to as dad jokes
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ไปŠใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ใƒ‘ใƒ‘ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใจใ—ใฆใ‚ˆใ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใŒใ€
01:33
and I personally love them.
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็งใฏๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใซๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
01:35
A pun uses the multiple meanings of a term
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ใƒ€ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒฌใฏใ€ใƒฆใƒผใƒขใƒฉใ‚นใชๅŠนๆžœใ‚’ๆ„ๅ›ณใ—ใฆใ€็”จ่ชžใ‚„ไผผใŸ้Ÿฟใใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
01:38
or similar sounding words for an intended humorous effect
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01:42
and puns often rely on homophones, homographs or homonyms.
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ใƒ€ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒฌใฏๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅŒ้Ÿณ็•ฐ็พฉ่ชžใ€ ๅŒๅฝข็•ฐ็พฉ่ชžใ€ๅŒ้Ÿณ็•ฐ็พฉ่ชžใซไพๅญ˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:48
"But what are homophones, homographs and homonyms?"
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ใ€Œใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅŒ้Ÿณ็•ฐ็พฉ่ชžใ€ ๅŒๅฝข็•ฐ็พฉ่ชžใ€ๅŒ้Ÿณ็•ฐ็พฉ่ชžใฃใฆไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ๅฐใ•ใชๅฐใ•ใช็”ป้ข
01:52
I hear you ask from your tiny little screen.
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฐ‹ใญใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
01:55
Homophones are words that have the same pronunciation
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ๅŒ้Ÿณ็•ฐ็พฉ่ชžใจใฏใ€ ็™บ้ŸณใฏๅŒใ˜ใ 
01:58
but different meanings, origins or spellings.
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ใŒใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ€ ่ตทๆบใ€ใ‚นใƒšใƒซใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:01
They can cause confusion
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใงๆททไนฑใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ™ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
02:03
in spoken language because they sound identical.
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ใ€‚
02:06
So context is extremely important.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
02:09
Here are some examples.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:10
We have pair, a set of two, and pear,
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ใƒšใ‚ขใ€2ๅ€‹ใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ€ๆžœ็‰ฉใฎไธ€็จฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๆขจใ‚’ใ”็”จๆ„ใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใพใ™
02:15
a type of fruit.
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ใ€‚
02:16
We have flour, the ingredient for baking cakes,
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ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’็„ผใใŸใ‚ใฎๆๆ–™ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฐ้บฆ็ฒ‰
02:19
and flower, a blooming plant.
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ใจใ€ๅ’ฒใๆค็‰ฉใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ŠฑใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:23
Break, to separate into pieces
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็ ดใ‚‹ใ€ใƒใƒฉใƒใƒฉใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ€
02:26
and brake, a device for slowing a vehicle.
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ใƒ–ใƒฌใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€่ปŠไธกใ‚’ๆธ›้€Ÿใ•ใ›ใ‚‹่ฃ…็ฝฎใ€‚
02:30
Now, homographs have the same spelling
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅŒๅฝข็•ฐ็พฉ่ชžใฏใ‚นใƒšใƒซใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ™
02:33
but different meanings
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ใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚Š
02:34
and they may have different pronunciations.
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ใ€ ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚‚็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:37
For example, bow, to bend at the waist,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€่…ฐใ‚’ๆ›ฒใ’ใ‚‹ใ€Œๅผ“ใ€
02:41
and bow, a decorative knot.
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ใ‚„่ฃ…้ฃพ็š„ใช็ตใณ็›ฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œๅผ“ใ€ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
02:45
Tear, to rip something
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ๅผ•ใ่ฃ‚ใใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’
02:47
and tear, a drop of liquid from the eye.
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ๅผ•ใ่ฃ‚ใ„ใฆ็›ฎใ‹ใ‚‰ๆถฒไฝ“ใ‚’ไธ€ๆปดๅผ•ใ่ฃ‚ใใ“ใจใ€‚
02:51
We also have lead, a type of metal,
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้‡‘ๅฑžใฎไธ€็จฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹้‰›
02:54
and lead, to guide or direct.
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ใ‚„ใ€ๅฐŽใใ€ๆŒ‡็คบใ™ใ‚‹้‰›ใชใฉใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:57
So as you can see, they can cause confusion in writing
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ใ”่ฆงใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ‚นใƒšใƒซใŒๅŒใ˜ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ้š›ใซๆททไนฑใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ™ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
03:00
because of their identical spelling.
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ใ€‚
03:02
And finally, we have homonyms,
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ๅŒ้Ÿณ็•ฐ็พฉ่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:05
which are words that have the same spelling
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็ถดใ‚Šใ‚‚
03:06
and pronunciation, but different meanings.
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็™บ้Ÿณใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
03:10
Homonyms can be considered a combination
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ๅŒ้Ÿณ็•ฐ็พฉ่ชžใฏ
03:12
of homophones and homographs
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ๅŒ้Ÿณ็•ฐ็พฉ่ชžใจๅŒๅฝข็•ฐ็พฉ่ชžใฎ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚
03:15
and thus, cause confusion in both speaking and writing.
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ใ€่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚Šๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹้š›ใซๆททไนฑใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:18
So much fun.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ€‚
03:20
Here are some examples.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:21
We have bark, the outer covering of a tree,
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ๆœจใฎๅค–็šฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๆจน็šฎ
03:24
and bark, (dog barking)
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ใจใ€้ณดใ„ใŸ็ŠฌใŒๅ‡บใ™ๆจน็šฎ๏ผˆ็Šฌใฎ้ณดใๅฃฐ๏ผ‰ใŒ
03:26
the sounded dog makes.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:27
Bank, a financial institution
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้Š€่กŒใ€้‡‘่žๆฉŸ้–ข
03:29
and bank, the side of a river.
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ใจ้Š€่กŒใ€ๅทใฎใปใจใ‚Šใ€‚ ็ฉบ
03:32
Bat, a flying mammal, and bat, a piece of sports equipment.
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ใ‚’้ฃ›ใถๅ“บไนณ้กžใฎใ‚ณใ‚ฆใƒขใƒชใจ ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„็”จๅ“ใฎใ‚ณใ‚ฆใƒขใƒชใ€‚
03:38
Okay, now that we have all
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ใ•ใฆใ€
03:39
of that background info out of the way,
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่ƒŒๆ™ฏๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰้Šใณใ‚’ใฉใฎ
03:41
let's see how you do with some of these play on words.
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่กŒใ†ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
03:45
If you don't understand them, that's okay.
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็†่งฃใงใใชใใฆใ‚‚ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚
03:47
Let's just see how you do.
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ๆง˜ๅญใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:48
Okay, firstly, did you hear
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใพใšใ€ๅทฆๅดๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ–ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ็”ทใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹
03:51
about the guy whose whole left side was cut off?
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๏ผŸ
03:56
He's all right now. (Lucy chuckling)
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ๅฝผใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚ ๏ผˆใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใ€ใใ™ใใ™็ฌ‘ใ„๏ผ‰
03:57
Do you get it?
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ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
03:58
Do you get why it's funny?
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ใชใœ้ข็™ฝใ„ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:00
Okay, jokes are never as funny when you have to explain them
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ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใฏ ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใใปใฉ้ข็™ฝใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
04:03
but that's why we're here, right?
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
04:04
And that was a total dad joke.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใชใŠ็ˆถใ•ใ‚“ใฎๅ†—่ซ‡ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:06
This absolutely hilarious pun plays
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ใ“ใฎ็ตถๅฏพใซ้ข็™ฝใ„ใƒ€ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒฌใฏใ€ๅŒ้Ÿณ็•ฐ็พฉ่ชžใงใ†ใพใ่กจ็พใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™
04:09
on the homophones alright, and all right.
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ใ€‚
04:13
The joke is that the man who had his left side cut off
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ๅทฆ่„‡่…นใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ็”ทใฏ
04:17
would be in a terrible state, but the punchline reveals
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ใฒใฉใ„็Šถๆ…‹ใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใŒใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใ ใŒใ€ ใ‚ชใƒใงใฏ
04:20
that he is alright, meaning he's doing well.
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€ ใคใพใ‚Šๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€‚
04:23
All right also means only the right side,
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ใพใŸใ€ใ€Œๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€ๅณๅดใฎใฟใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€
04:27
no left because he's had his left side removed.
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ๅทฆๅดใฏ้™คๅŽปใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅทฆๅดใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:30
He consists only of his right side, so he is all right.
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ๅฝผใฏๅณๅดใ ใ‘ใช ใฎใงๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚
04:33
Wow, that is so unfunny now that I've explained it.
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ใ†ใ‚ใƒผใ€่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใใŸใฎใซใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šใซใ‚‚้ข็™ฝใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
04:36
Okay, another one.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใ€‚ ่‡ช็ซ‹ใงใใชใใชใฃใŸ
04:37
Did you hear about the bicycle
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่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹
04:38
that couldn't stand on its own?
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๏ผŸ
04:40
Yeah, it was too tired.
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€็–ฒใ‚Œใ™ใŽใŸใ€‚
04:42
Okay, this is a certified dad joke right here.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅฎŒๅ…จใซใŠ็ˆถใ•ใ‚“ใฎใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใงใ™ใ€‚
04:45
Here we have the homophones too tired and two-tired.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใฏใ€็–ฒใ‚Œใ™ใŽใŸๅŒ้Ÿณ็•ฐ็พฉ่ชž ใจไบŒๅบฆ็–ฒใ‚ŒใŸๅŒ้Ÿณ็•ฐ็พฉ่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:50
We need to understand that too tired means exhausted
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็–ฒใ‚Œใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏ็–ฒใ‚Œๆžœใฆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’
04:54
while two-tired means having two wheels or two tyres,
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€ไบŒใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒคใจใฏ ่ปŠ่ผชใŒ 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒคใŒ 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ใคใพใ‚Š
04:58
the rubber bit on the wheels.
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่ปŠ่ผชใฎใ‚ดใƒ ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:00
The bike couldn't stand on its own
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่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใฏ่‡ช็ซ‹ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒคใŒ
05:02
because something with two tyres will obviously fall over
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2 ใคไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏ ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซๅ€’ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ—ใ€
05:05
and something that is very, very tired will also fall over.
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้žๅธธใซ็–ฒใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใฏๅ€’ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:08
So doubly funny, hilarious.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ไบŒ้‡ใซ้ข็™ฝใใฆใ€้™ฝๆฐ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:10
Editors, please can you insert a laugh track.
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็ทจ้›†่€…ใฎๆ–นใ€ ็ฌ‘ใ„ใฎใƒˆใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ๆŒฟๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ใ€‚
05:13
(people laughing)
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๏ผˆไบบใ€…็ฌ‘ใ„๏ผ‰
05:14
Thank you. (Lucy chuckling)
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๏ผˆใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใ€ใใ™ใใ™ใจ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
05:16
Okay, next.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ๆฌกใงใ™ใ€‚
05:17
Love this one.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
05:19
Why are postmen so unhappy all the time?
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ใชใœ้ƒตไพฟ้…้”ๅ“กใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ไธๅนธใชใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ๆฏŽๆœ่ข‹ใŒ
05:24
Because they're given the sack every morning.
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ไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚
05:27
(Lucy chuckling)
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๏ผˆใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใ€ใใ™ใใ™ใจ็ฌ‘ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹๏ผ‰
05:28
My husband's in the background
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็งใฎๅคซใฏๅพŒใ‚ใงใ„ใพใ™
05:29
and he actually laughed a little bit.
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ใŒใ€ๅฝผใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซๅฐ‘ใ—็ฌ‘ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:30
It was like a (Lucy snorting).
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ใใ‚Œใฏ๏ผˆใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใŒ้ผปใ‚’้ณดใ‚‰ใ—ใฆ๏ผ‰ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใง
05:31
Do you ever do that when you see a funny video
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้ข็™ฝใ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใจใใ€
05:34
on your phone and you don't laugh, you just go.
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็ฌ‘ใ‚ใšใซใŸใ ้ป™ใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ€ใใ‚“ใช็ตŒ้จ“ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ใ€‚
05:35
(Lucy snorting)
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๏ผˆใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใ€้ผปใ‚’้ณดใ‚‰ใ—ใฆ๏ผ‰
05:36
(Lucy chuckling)
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๏ผˆใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใ€ใใ™ใใ™็ฌ‘ใ„๏ผ‰
05:37
Now we can see how homonyms can also be used to make puns.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ๅŒ้Ÿณ็•ฐ็พฉ่ชžใŒ ้ง„ๆด’่ฝใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:40
Here we're playing with the double meaning
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œ
05:42
of the phrase give the sack or given the sack.
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give the sackใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œgive the sackใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฎไบŒ้‡ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:45
In this context, to be given the sack means to be fired
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใฏใ€่ข‹ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏไป•ไบ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ ่งฃ้›‡ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹
05:49
or dismissed from a job, but the joke
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ใ‹่งฃ้›‡ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€
05:51
is that the postmen are given the sack every morning
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้ƒตไพฟ้…้”ๅ“กใซใฏ
05:54
because they are provided with a bag
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05:57
or a big sack to carry the post in.
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้ƒตไพฟ็‰ฉใ‚’้‹ใถใŸใ‚ใฎใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใพใŸใฏๅคงใใช่ข‹ใŒไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆฏŽๆœ่ข‹ใŒไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๅ†—่ซ‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:00
(Lucy clapping)
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ใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใ€ๆ‹ๆ‰‹๏ผ‰
06:02
Okay, next one.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆฌกใงใ™ใ€‚
06:03
I love this one.
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็งใฏใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
06:04
My mum tried to make a joke about the TV
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ๆฏใฏใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใซใคใ„ใฆๅ†—่ซ‡ใ‚’่จ€ใŠใ†ใจใ—ใŸ
06:07
but it wasn't remotely funny.
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ใŒใ€ใพใฃใŸใ้ข็™ฝใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
06:09
(Lucy chuckling)
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๏ผˆใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใ€ใใ™ใใ™็ฌ‘ใ„๏ผ‰
06:11
Okay, I guess rather than being a dad joke, this one's more
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏใŠ็ˆถใ•ใ‚“ใฎใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใฏใ€
06:13
of a mum joke, but here we're using the double meaning
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ใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“ใฎใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใƒชใƒขใƒผใƒˆใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฎ ไบŒ้‡ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
06:17
of the word remote.
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ใ€‚
06:18
In this context, adding -ly or -ly
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใฏใ€remote ใซ -ly ใพใŸใฏ -ly ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
06:21
to remote makes the adverb remotely,
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ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใŒใƒชใƒขใƒผใƒˆใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:24
which means not at all.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใพใฃใŸใใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:26
If something is not remotely funny, it's not at all funny.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ใงใ‚‚ ้ข็™ฝใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏใพใฃใŸใ้ข็™ฝใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:29
However, remote is also a shortened informal way
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใƒชใƒขใƒผใƒˆใฏใƒชใƒขใƒผใƒˆใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒญใƒผใƒซใ‚’ ็Ÿญ็ธฎใ—ใŸ้žๅ…ฌๅผใช่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
06:33
to say remote control.
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ใ€‚
06:35
This, the device used to change channels on a TV.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒ‡ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
06:38
That is pure comedic gold if you ask me.
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็งใซ่จ€ใ‚ใ›ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด”็ฒ‹ใชใ‚ณใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใฎ้ป„้‡‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:41
Not remotely funny.
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Š้ข็™ฝใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:43
(Lucy chuckling)
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(ใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใ€ใใ™ใใ™็ฌ‘ใ„)
06:44
She tried to make a joke about the TV,
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใซใคใ„ใฆๅ†—่ซ‡ใ‚’่จ€ใŠใ†ใจใ—ใŸ
06:45
but it wasn't remotely funny.
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ใŒใ€ใพใฃใŸใ้ข็™ฝใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
06:48
Maybe I should stop teaching and go into comedy.
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ใŸใถใ‚“็งใฏๆ•™ๅธซใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใฆ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒผใฎไธ–็•Œใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:51
Are you ready for our final and most difficult one?
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใง ๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅ›ฐ้›ฃใช่ชฒ้กŒใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚€ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
06:54
Our most difficult dad joke, it's a big one.
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็งใŸใกใฎๆœ€ใ‚‚้›ฃใ—ใ„ใŠ็ˆถใ•ใ‚“ใฎ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅคงใใชใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅˆ†ๅญใจๅˆ†ๆฏใฎ
06:57
There is a fine line between a numerator and a denominator.
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้–“ใซใฏ็ด™ไธ€้‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
07:02
It's okay if you didn't get that.
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็†่งฃใงใใชใใฆใ‚‚ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚
07:03
Only a fraction will understand.
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ใปใ‚“ใฎไธ€้ƒจใฎไบบใ ใ‘ใŒ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:06
(Lucy chuckling)
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๏ผˆใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใฏใใ™ใใ™ใจ็ฌ‘ใ„๏ผ‰
07:09
Okay, this is actually a two for one, two pun alert,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ 2 ๅฏพ 1ใ€2 ใคใฎใƒ€ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒฌ ใ‚ขใƒฉใƒผใƒˆใ€
07:12
double pun alert.
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2 ใคใฎใƒ€ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒฌ ใ‚ขใƒฉใƒผใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
07:13
We have two puns in this joke.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใซใฏใƒ€ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒฌใŒ 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:14
First, in mathematics,
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ใพใšใ€ๆ•ฐๅญฆใงใฏใ€
07:16
a fraction is a numerical quantity that represents a part
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ๅˆ†ๆ•ฐใฏใ€ๅˆ†ๆฏใฎไธŠใฎๅˆ†ๅญใจใ—ใฆ่กจ็พ
07:21
of a whole expressed as a numerator over a denominator.
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ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ…จไฝ“ใฎไธ€้ƒจใ‚’่กจใ™ๆ•ฐๅ€คใงใ™ ใ€‚
07:25
Part of the joke is that there is a fine line which refers
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ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใฎไธ€้ƒจใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅˆ†ๆ•ฐใงๅŒบๅˆ‡ใ‚‹ๆฐดๅนณ็ทšใ‚’ ๆŒ‡ใ™็ดฐใ„็ทšใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€
07:29
to the horizontal line that separates them in a fraction
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07:32
but a fine line also means a very small difference.
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็ดฐใ„็ทšใฏ้žๅธธ ใซๅฐใ•ใช้•ใ„ใ‚‚ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:36
For example, there's a very fine line
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
07:38
between confidence and arrogance.
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่‡ชไฟกใจๅ‚ฒๆ…ขใฎ้–“ใซใฏ็ด™ไธ€้‡ใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:41
Well, here we're saying there's a fine line
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€
07:43
between a numerator and a denominator
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ๅˆ†ๅญใจๅˆ†ๆฏใฏ
07:45
because they're part of a fraction.
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ๅˆ†ๆ•ฐใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้–“ใซใฏ็ด™ไธ€้‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
07:47
The second part of the joke
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ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใฎ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏใ€
07:48
is that the word fraction means a small number
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ๅˆ†ๆ•ฐใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒๆ•ฐๅญฆ็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณไปฅๅค–ใฎ ๅฐใ•ใชๆ•ฐใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™
07:52
outside of its mathematical meaning.
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ใ€‚
07:54
Only a fraction will understand.
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ใปใ‚“ใฎไธ€้ƒจใฎไบบใ ใ‘ใŒ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:57
Only a small number of people will understand.
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็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ไบบใฏๅฐ‘ๆ•ฐใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:00
Okay, I know these are pretty challenging
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ใ‹ใชใ‚Š้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใฏๆ‰ฟ็Ÿฅใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
08:02
but learning English should be enjoyable
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ใŒใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅญฆ็ฟ’ใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใฏใšใงใ™
08:04
so don't forget to download today's PDFs.
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ใฎใงใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ PDF ใ‚’ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:07
We have lots more examples in there
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ไป–ใซใ‚‚ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎไพ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
08:08
and we have a quiz to test your understanding.
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ใ€็†่งฃๅบฆใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚‚็”จๆ„ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
08:12
The link is in the description box.
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ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใฏ่ชฌๆ˜Žใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:14
Also, you can connect with me on my social media.
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ใพใŸใ€ ็งใฎใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใงใ‚‚็งใจใคใชใŒใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:16
I've got my Instagram and my Facebook.
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Instagram ใจ Facebook ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:18
I've also got my website where we've got lots more lessons
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็งใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใฏใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ ๅคšใใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ
08:21
and an interactive pronunciation tool where you can click
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ใจใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒฉใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช็™บ้Ÿณ ใƒ„ใƒผใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€้Ÿณ็ด ใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹
08:24
on phonemes and hear me pronounce them,
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ใจ็งใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:26
and you can also check out all of my courses.
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ใพใŸใ€ ็งใฎใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:29
We have now released our B1 programme, our B2 programme
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็พๅœจใ€B1 ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใ€B2 ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ 
08:32
and our C1 programme.
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ใ€C1 ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใ‚’ใƒชใƒชใƒผใ‚นใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:34
They're all available for enrollment now.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆไปŠใ™ใ็™ป้Œฒๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ€‚
08:36
They are amazing if I do say so myself.
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใง่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚‚ใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ™ใ”ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:38
I'm incredibly proud of them and incredibly excited
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็งใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’้žๅธธใซ่ช‡ใ‚Šใซๆ€ใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ–ใฃใฆไฝ“้จ“ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ ้žๅธธใซ่ˆˆๅฅฎใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
08:41
for you to take them and experience them.
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ใ€‚ ใพใŸ
08:44
I will see you soon in another lesson.
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ๅˆฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:47
(Lucy kissing)
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(ใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใŒใ‚ญใ‚น)
08:48
(lively music)
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(่ณ‘ใ‚„ใ‹ใช้Ÿณๆฅฝ)
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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