Difference between MADE OF / MADE FROM / MADE WITH / MADE OUT OF - Incredibly Useful English Grammar

661,969 views

2024-07-19 ใƒป English with Lucy


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Difference between MADE OF / MADE FROM / MADE WITH / MADE OUT OF - Incredibly Useful English Grammar

661,969 views ใƒป 2024-07-19

English with Lucy


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Why do we say 'made with,' 'made out of,' 'made of,' and 'made from'?
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ใชใœใ€Œใงไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œใงไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œใง ไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
00:09
Why do we describe what something is 'made of' in different ways in English?
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€็‰ฉใŒไฝ•ใงใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใง่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใชใœใงใ™ใ‹?
00:14
Why do we say a table is 'made of wood,' but 'bread is made from flour'?
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ใชใœใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใฏใ€Œๆœจใงใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใซใ€ ใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒณใฏๅฐ้บฆ็ฒ‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:22
It might seem like a small detail, maybe you've never even considered it before,
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็ดฐใ‹ใ„ใ“ใจใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ€ใˆใŸใ‚Šใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใพใง่€ƒใˆใŸใ“ใจใ‚‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
00:28
but using the right preposition can make a big difference.
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้ฉๅˆ‡ใชๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใง ๅคงใใช้•ใ„ใŒ็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
00:32
Today, I'm here to make sure you know which to use and why.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€ ใฉใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใใ—ใฆใใฎ็†็”ฑใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:37
To make this even easier for you, I've created a free PDF to go with this video.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใซไป˜ๅฑžใ™ใ‚‹็„กๆ–™ใฎ PDF ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:42
This is essentially a cheat sheet.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚ทใƒผใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
00:45
You'll find all the information from this
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‹ใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ€
00:47
video with lots of extra examples and further practice.
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่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎไพ‹ใ‚„ ใ•ใ‚‰ใชใ‚‹ๅฎŸ่ทตใ‚‚ๆ•ฐๅคšใๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็†่งฃๅบฆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
00:52
I've included some interactive activities so that you can check your understanding.
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ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒฉใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ“ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็ต„ใฟ่พผใฟใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
00:56
If you'd like to download this PDF and exercise pack for free, then all you have
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ใ“ใฎ PDF ใจใ‚จใ‚ฏใ‚ตใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บ ใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’็„กๆ–™ใงใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€่ชฌๆ˜Žใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚น
01:01
to do is click on the link in the description box, enter your name and your
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ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ— ใ€ๅๅ‰ใจ
01:05
email address, then you'll sign up for my PDF club and my free PDF will arrive
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้›ปๅญใƒกใƒผใƒซ ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ€็งใฎ PDF ใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ–ใซใ‚ตใ‚คใƒณใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฎ็„กๆ–™ PDF ใฏ
01:11
directly in your inbox.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ—ไฟก็ฎฑใซ็›ดๆŽฅๅฑŠใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:13
After that, you're in the club, you'll
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ใใฎๅพŒใ€ใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ–ใซๅ…ฅไผšใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
01:15
automatically receive my free weekly PDFs alongside my news, course updates, and offers.
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ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใฎๆœ€ๆ–ฐๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ€ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใจใจใ‚‚ใซใ€ๆฏŽ้€ฑ็„กๆ–™ใฎ PDF ใŒ่‡ชๅ‹•็š„ใซๅฑŠใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:22
It's a free service, and you can unsubscribe with one click at any time.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็„กๆ–™ใฎใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใƒฏใƒณใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใง่ณผ่ชญใ‚’่งฃ้™คใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:27
Right, let's begin with a quick quiz to see what you already know.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ™ใงใซ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€Œofใ€ใ€Œout ofใ€ใ€Œfromใ€ใ€Œwithใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ
01:32
Can you complete these four sentences using the prepositions 'of,' 'out of,' 'from,'
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 4 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฎŒๆˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹
01:41
and 'with'?
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?
01:42
Number 1โ€”'My wedding ring is made _ gold.'
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็•ชๅท 1โ€”ใ€Œ็งใฎ็ตๅฉšๆŒ‡่ผชใฏ้‡‘่ฃฝใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
01:48
The answer should be 'of.'
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็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€Œใฎใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
01:52
'My wedding ring is made of gold.'
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ใ€Œ็งใฎ็ตๅฉšๆŒ‡่ผชใฏ้‡‘ใงใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
01:54
That's nearly a lie.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉๅ˜˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:55
Mine is made of white gold.
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็งใฎใฏใƒ›ใƒฏใ‚คใƒˆใ‚ดใƒผใƒซใƒ‰่ฃฝใงใ™ใ€‚
01:57
Number 2โ€”'Paper is made _ wood.'
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็•ชๅท 2โ€”ใ€Œ็ด™ใฏๆœจใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ€
02:05
It should be 'from.'
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ใ€Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:07
'Paper is made from wood.'
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ใ€Œ็ด™ใฏๆœจใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
02:09
Number 3โ€”'This bag was made _ recycled
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็•ชๅท 3โ€”ใ€Œใ“ใฎใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใฏใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใƒœใƒˆใƒซใ‚’ใƒชใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒซใ—ใฆไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ
02:15
plastic bottles.'
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ใ€‚ใ€
02:17
Which preposition should go in there? 'Out
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ใฉใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’ใใ“ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹? ใ€Œ
02:22
of.'
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
02:23
'This plastic bag was made out of recycled plastic bottles,' and the last,
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ใ€Œใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ่ข‹ใฏ ใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใƒœใƒˆใƒซใ‚’ใƒชใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒซใ—ใฆไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ
02:29
number 4โ€”'Are the croissants made_ real butter?'
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4 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใ€Œใ‚ฏใƒญใƒฏใƒƒใ‚ตใƒณใฏๆœฌ็‰ฉใฎใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใงไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ ใ€Œ
02:36
It should be 'with,'โ€”'Are the croissants
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ใ‚ฏใƒญใƒฏใƒƒใ‚ตใƒณใฏ
02:39
made with real butter?'
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ๆœฌ็‰ฉใฎใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใงไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจใ€Œwithใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:41
How did you do?
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02:41
What was your score out of 4?
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ใฉใ†ใ ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใฏ4็‚นไธญไฝ•็‚นใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
02:44
Now, we're going to go through why we use
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใชใœใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
02:46
these different prepositions.
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ใ€‚
02:48
Let's start with the first sentence.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:50
We normally use 'made of' when you can still clearly see the material that was
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้€šๅธธใ€ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฎไฝœๆˆใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ็ด ๆใŒใพใ ใฏใฃใใ‚Šใจ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใ€ใ€Œใงไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
02:57
used to create the object.
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ใ€‚
02:59
Here are some common materials:
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็ด ๆใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€
03:02
'made of wood,' 'made of stone', 'made of plastic,' 'made of cardboard,' 'made of
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ใ€Œๆœจ่ฃฝใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็Ÿณ่ฃฝใ€ใ€ใ€Œ ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏ่ฃฝใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒœใƒผใƒซ็ด™่ฃฝใ€ใ€ใ€Œ
03:11
glass,' and 'made of rubber.'
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ใ‚ฌใƒฉใ‚น่ฃฝใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ดใƒ ่ฃฝใ€ใชใฉใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:14
Notice how I say /ษ™v/, not /หˆษ’v/.
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/หˆษ’v/ ใงใฏใชใ /ษ™v/ ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:19
/ษ™v/ is the weak form /ษ™v/ /หˆษ’v/, 'of of.'
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/ษ™v/ ใฏๅผฑๅฝข /ษ™v/ /หˆษ’v/ใ€ใ€Œใฎใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:23
See, there I am using it!
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ใปใ‚‰ใ€ไฝฟใฃใฆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆ๏ผ
03:25
When you look at an object, if you can see the material in its original state,
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็‰ฉไฝ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ ใใฎ็ด ๆใŒใใฎใพใพใฎ็Šถๆ…‹ใง่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
03:31
use 'made of.'
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ใ€Œmade ofใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:33
Let's practise.
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็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็”ป้ขไธŠใฎ่ณ‡ๆ–™ใฎ
03:34
Can you complete these sentences with one of the materials on the screen?
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1 ใคใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๅฎŒๆˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹ ?
03:37
Number 1โ€”What are they 'made of'?
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็•ชๅท 1โ€”ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไฝ•ใงใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
03:39
The coathangers.
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ใ‚ณใƒผใƒˆใƒใƒณใ‚ฌใƒผใŸใกใ€‚
03:42
Yepโ€”'The coathangers are made of wood.'
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ณใƒผใƒˆใƒใƒณใ‚ฌใƒผใฏๆœจ่ฃฝใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๅ่ฉž
03:46
Don't forget to use 'are made of' with
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ใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ€Œare made ofใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
03:50
plural nouns.
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ใ€‚
03:51
Okay, let's try another.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:53
What's it 'made of'?
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ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
03:55
The house.
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ๅฎถใ€‚
03:58
'The house is made of stone.'
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ใ€Œใใฎๅฎถใฏ็Ÿณใงใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:00
Okay, one more.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใ€‚
04:01
What's it 'made of'?
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ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
04:03
The robot.
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ใƒญใƒœใƒƒใƒˆใ€‚
04:06
'The robot is made of metal.'
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ใ€Œใƒญใƒœใƒƒใƒˆใฏ้‡‘ๅฑžใงใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:09
Excellent!
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04:09
We often place adjectives before the material to describe it in more detail.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„๏ผ
ๅ†…ๅฎนใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๅ†…ๅฎนใฎๅ‰ใซๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’็ฝฎใใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:15
For example, I might sayโ€”'The table is made of solid wood.'
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใฏ็„กๅžขๆใงใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:21
That means it's 100% wood without any spaces inside.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ†…้ƒจใซ้š™้–“ใฎใชใ„100๏ผ…ๆœจๆใงใ™ ใ€‚
04:26
Or you might hearโ€”'The windows were made of frosted glass.'
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ€Œ็ช“ใฏใ™ใ‚Šใ‚ฌใƒฉใ‚นใงใงใใฆใ„ใŸใ€ใจ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
04:31
This is glass which isn't transparent.
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ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฏ้€ๆ˜Žใงใฏใชใ„ใ‚ฌใƒฉใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
04:33
You can't see through it clearly.
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ใฏใฃใใ‚Šใจ้€ใ‘ใฆ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:36
Maybe the type your bathroom window is made of, so no one can peek in.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒใ‚นใƒซใƒผใƒ ใฎ็ช“ ใŒใ€่ชฐใ‚‚่ฆ—ใใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎ็ช“ใงใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:40
Lucy's note: 'to peek' is to look quickly; or to try to look when you know you're
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ใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใฎใƒกใƒข: ใ€Œ่ฆ—ใใ€ใจใฏใ€็ด ๆ—ฉใ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ“ใฃใใ‚Š่ฆ‹ใ‚‹
04:48
not supposed to, you're not meant to, to look secretly.
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ในใใงใฏใชใ„ใ€่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใชใ„ใ€ใจใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใซใ€ใ“ใฃใใ‚Š ่ฆ‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚
04:52
Okay, one last tip.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ 1 ใคใ€‚
04:54
We normally use 'made of' in a literal way
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็งใŸใกใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ไปŠ่ฆ‹ใฆใใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ€Œmade ofใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€
04:58
like we've just seen, but be careful.
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ๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:01
You might also hear it used like this:
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ใพใŸใ€ใ€ŒไปŠๅนดใฏใพใŸไผ‘ๆš‡ใซ่กŒใ‘ใชใ„๏ผใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใชไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œๆ–นใ‚‚่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:04
'We can't go on holiday again this year!
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05:07
We're not made of money!'
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็งใŸใกใฏใŠ้‡‘ใงใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผ
05:10
'Made of money' in this context means very rich.
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใฎใ€ŒใŠ้‡‘ใงใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏใ€้žๅธธใซ่ฃ•็ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:14
If you say, 'I'm not made of money,' you're
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใŠ้‡‘ใงใงใใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏใ€
05:17
saying you aren't richโ€”not thatย  you aren't made of cash and coins.
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ่ฃ•็ฆใงใฏใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็พ้‡‘ใ‚„็กฌ่ฒจใงใงใใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:22
I love these figurative expressions, and I've included a couple more in the PDF
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็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆฏ”ๅ–ฉ็š„ใช่กจ็พใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚PDF ใซใฏใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่กจ็พใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ใœใฒ
05:28
that I know you'll want to check out, so make sure you download that.
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ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใœใฒใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:31
Okay, let's move on to number 2.
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ใ•ใฆใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:33
Remember this sentence?
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
05:35
'Paper is made from wood.'
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ใ€Œ็ด™ใฏๆœจใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
05:38
We normally use 'made from' when a material
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้€šๅธธใ€ๆๆ–™ใŒไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎ่ฃฝ้€ ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใ‚นใ‚’็ตŒใŸๅ ดๅˆใซใ€Œใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
05:41
has gone through some kind of manufacturing process.
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ใ€‚
05:46
You can't usually see the original material or materials in the new object
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้€šๅธธใ€ไฝœๆˆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆๅ†…ใฎๅ…ƒใฎใƒžใƒ†ใƒชใ‚ขใƒซใฏ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
05:52
that's been created.
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ใ€‚
05:53
We take natural materials like wood, oil, sugar, and corn, and transform them into
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็งใŸใกใฏๆœจๆใ€ๆฒนใ€็ ‚็ณ–ใ€ใƒˆใ‚ฆใƒขใƒญใ‚ณใ‚ทใชใฉใฎๅคฉ็„ถ็ด ๆใ‚’
06:00
something new.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใซๅค‰ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
06:01
Isn't that difference interesting?
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ใใฎ้•ใ„ใŒ้ข็™ฝใใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:03
Hopefully, it will really help you to understand when to use 'made of' and when
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ใ€Œmade ofใ€ใ‚’ใ„ใคไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใพใŸ
06:07
to use 'made from.'
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ใ€Œmade fromใ€ใ‚’ใ„ใคไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:09
Here are some examples.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:11
'This essential oil is made from Bulgarian rose petals.'
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ใ€Œใ“ใฎใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใƒณใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใ‚ชใ‚คใƒซใฏใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฌใƒชใ‚ข็”ฃใฎใƒใƒฉใฎ่Šฑใณใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ€
06:16
You can't see the rose petals anymore.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ใƒใƒฉใฎ่Šฑใณใ‚‰ใฏ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:19
Orโ€”'Chocolate is made from cocoa beans.'
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ€Œใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใฏใ‚ซใ‚ซใ‚ช่ฑ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
06:22
Orโ€”'This wine is made from a blend of grapes.'
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ใพใŸใฏโ€”ใ€Œใ“ใฎใƒฏใ‚คใƒณใฏใƒ–ใƒ‰ใ‚ฆใฎใƒ–ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
06:27
Okay, time for number 3.
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ใ•ใฆใ€3 ็•ชใฎๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚3
06:28
Let's bring the third sentence back.
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็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆˆปใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:31
'This bag has been made out of recycled plastic bottles.'
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ใ€Œใ“ใฎใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใฏใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใƒœใƒˆใƒซใ‚’ใƒชใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒซใ—ใฆไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ€
06:36
Okay, so when we take a product which has already been manufactured and then
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ™ใงใซ่ฃฝ้€ ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ่ฃฝๅ“ใ‚’ไฝ•ใ‹
06:41
transform it into something new, we usually use the prepositions 'out of,' 'out of.'
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใจใใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ้€šๅธธใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€Œout ofใ€ใ€ใ€Œout ofใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:49
We started off with a bunch of old plastic bottles, and because we care about
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็งใŸใกใฏๅคใ„ใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใƒœใƒˆใƒซใฎๆŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใƒˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๆŒ็ถšๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚’ ้‡่ฆ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚
06:56
sustainability, we decided to upcycle them and create a bag.
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒซใ— ใฆใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:02
'To upcycle' is similar to recycle, but the finished product is of a higher quality.
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ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒซใ€ใจใฏใƒชใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒซใจไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๅฎŒๆˆใ—ใŸ่ฃฝๅ“ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅ“่ณชใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:09
So you recycle paper into more paper, but you upcycle plastic bottles into a bag.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็ด™ใ‚’ๅˆฅใฎ็ด™ใซใƒชใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒซใ™ใ‚‹ไธ€ๆ–นใงใ€ ใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใƒœใƒˆใƒซใ‚’ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใซใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒซใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
07:16
A bag is worth more than just plastic bottles.
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ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใซใฏใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใƒœใƒˆใƒซไปฅไธŠใฎไพกๅ€คใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฎไธญใง
07:19
Sometimes you can recognise the original
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ๅ…ƒใฎใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใงใใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€่ช่ญ˜
07:22
object in the new one, and sometimes you can't, but there's often a magical
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ใงใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
07:27
transformation from an object with one purpose to an object with a new purpose.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹็›ฎ็š„ใ‚’ๆŒใคใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็›ฎ็š„ใ‚’ๆŒใคใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใธใฎ้ญ”ๆณ•ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅค‰ๆ›ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:33
Here are some more examples:
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:34
'Look at this dress I made out of an old
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ใ€Œๅคใ„ใ‚ซใƒผใƒ†ใƒณใงไฝœใฃใŸใ“ใฎใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
07:37
pair of curtains.'
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ใ€‚ใ€
07:38
It's funny when I was younger, dresses
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้ข็™ฝใ„ใ“ใจใซใ€็งใŒ่‹ฅใ‹ใฃใŸ้ ƒใ€
07:40
with curtain prints were so uncool and now everyone looks like they're wearing a
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ใ‚ซใƒผใƒ†ใƒณใฎใƒ—ใƒชใƒณใƒˆใŒไป˜ใ„ใŸใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ใƒ€ใ‚ตใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใซใ€ ไปŠใงใฏ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒใ‚ซใƒผใƒ†ใƒณใ‚’็€ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™
07:47
pair of curtains.
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ใ€‚
07:48
Next exampleโ€”'The artist made a sculpture
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ๆฌกใฎไพ‹โ€”ใ€Œ่Šธ่ก“ๅฎถใฏ
07:51
out of an old car, a mop and several saucepans.'
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ๅคใ„่ปŠใ€ใƒขใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ้‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฝซๅˆปใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
07:54
It must be modern art.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใใฃใจ็พไปฃใ‚ขใƒผใƒˆใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:57
Now, before we move on, I have to say that if you mix up these prepositions,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใ‚€ๅ‰ใซใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’ๆททๅŒใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€
08:01
people will still understand what you're trying to say.
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ไบบใ€…ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ่จ€ใŠใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:05
I've heard loads of people sayโ€”'This table is made out of wood' or 'my bag is
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ใ€Œใ“ใฎ ใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใฏๆœจใงใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ‹ใ€Œ็งใฎใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใฏ
08:10
made of plastic bottles.'
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ใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใƒœใƒˆใƒซใงใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ไบบใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:12
Don't let worrying about these
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ
08:13
prepositions get in the way of your communication.
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’ๆฐ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎ้‚ช้ญ”ใซใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:17
Right, number 4, and I've saved the
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ใใ†ใ€4็•ชใ€ๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใงๅ–ใฃใฆใŠใใพใ—ใŸ
08:19
best till last.
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ใ€‚
08:21
This use is my favourite because it's
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ใ“ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใฏ
08:23
connected to food, and I love food.
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้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็งใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚็งใฏ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
08:25
So number 4, let's bring that sentence back:
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4 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆˆปใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:28
'Are the croissants made with real butter?'
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ใ€Œใ‚ฏใƒญใƒฏใƒƒใ‚ตใƒณใฏๆœฌ็‰ฉใฎใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใงไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€
08:31
We often use 'made with' to describe the
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็งใŸใกใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ–™็†ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆๆ–™ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซใ€Œใงไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™
08:33
ingredients we use to cook something.
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ใ€‚
08:37
For exampleโ€”'This dish can be made with
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œใ“ใฎๆ–™็†ใฏ็”ŸใพใŸใฏๅ†ทๅ‡ใฎใปใ†ใ‚Œใ‚“่‰ใงไฝœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
08:40
fresh or frozen spinach.'
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ใ€‚ใ€
08:43
Orโ€”'This mayonnaise is vegan friendly.
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ใพใŸใฏโ€”ใ€Œใ“ใฎใƒžใƒจใƒใƒผใ‚บใฏใƒ“ใƒผใ‚ฌใƒณใซๅ„ชใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
08:46
It isn't made with eggs.'
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ๅตใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆไฝœใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
08:49
And my personal favouriteโ€”'Here's your
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใฎๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใชใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฏใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ
08:51
breakfast, darling.
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ๆœ้ฃŸใงใ™ใ€ใƒ€ใƒผใƒชใƒณใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:53
It's been made with lots of love!'
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ๆ„›ๆƒ…ใŸใฃใทใ‚Šใซไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆ๏ผใ€
08:55
So we can also use 'made with' more figuratively to talk about the love, care,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๆณจใ„ใ  ๆ„›ใ€้…ๆ…ฎใ€ๆณจๆ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆฏ”ๅ–ฉ็š„ใซใ€Œmade withใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:01
and attention we've put into something.
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09:04
After all, these things are very
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็ตๅฑ€ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚‚้žๅธธใซ
09:05
important ingredients too.
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้‡่ฆใชๆๆ–™ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:08
Okay, let's quickly recap before a final
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆœ€็ต‚ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใฎๅ‰ใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใซๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ€ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘
09:11
test to see how much you've taken in.
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ๆ‘‚ๅ–ใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฎๆ่ณชใŒ่ช่ญ˜ใงใใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œ
09:13
We use 'made of (wood, metal, glass),' and so
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(ๆœจใ€้‡‘ๅฑžใ€ใ‚ฌใƒฉใ‚น) ่ฃฝใ€ใชใฉใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™
09:17
on when you can recognise an object's material.
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ใ€‚
09:22
Use 'made from' when the material has
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ๆๆ–™ใŒ่ฃฝ้€ ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใ‚นใ‚’็ตŒใŸๅ ดๅˆใซใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
09:25
undergone a manufacturing process.
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ใ€‚
09:28
'Made out of' is used when we transform anย 
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ใ€Œใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใฏใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็”จ้€”ใ‚„็›ฎ็š„ใง็‰ฉไฝ“ใ‚’ๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซๅค‰ๆ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ€
09:31
object into something different, often with a new use or purpose, and
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09:36
use 'made with' to list the ingredients used to cookย 
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ใ€Œใงไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฟ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๆๆ–™ใ‚’ๅˆ—ๆŒ™ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
09:40
something.
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ใ€‚
09:41
Okay, time to test your knowledge.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:44
Here are the prepositions you can use, 'of,' 'from,' 'with,' or 'out of.'
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€ ใ€Œofใ€ใ€ใ€Œfromใ€ใ€ใ€Œwithใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œout ofใ€ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:49
I'll read each question and give you five seconds to come up with your answer.
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ๅ„่ณชๅ•ใ‚’่ชญใฟใ€ ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๅฐŽใๅ‡บใ™ใพใงใซ 5 ็ง’ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:54
Use the pause button if you need.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:56
You ready?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€œใ‚’็”จๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹๏ผŸ
09:58
Number 1โ€”'This smoothie has been made _ avocado, apples and a squeezeย 
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็•ชๅท 1โ€”ใ€Œใ“ใฎใ‚นใƒ ใƒผใ‚ธใƒผใฏ ใ‚ขใƒœใ‚ซใƒ‰ใ€ใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใ€
10:04
of lemon.'
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ใƒฌใƒขใƒณใ‚’็ตžใฃใฆไฝœใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
10:11
The answer is 'with.' Use 'made with' to list a foodย 
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็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€Œไป˜ใใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚„้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉใฎๅŽŸๆๆ–™ใ‚’ๅˆ—ๆŒ™ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ใ€Œmade withใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
10:15
or drink's ingredients.
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ใ€‚
10:17
Okay, number 2.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใฎ 2ใ€‚
10:19
'I can't believe he wanted a tooth made _ gold!'
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ใ€ŒๅฝผใŒๆญฏใ‚’้‡‘่ฃฝใซใ—ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใชใ‚“ใฆไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“!ใ€
10:30
'Of,' 'made of,' I can clearly see the original material in a gold tooth.
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ใ€Œใฎใ€ใ€ใ€Œใงไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใ€ ้‡‘ๆญฏใฎๅ…ƒใฎ็ด ๆใŒใฏใฃใใ‚Šใจใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:35
Number 3โ€”'Can you believe she made this sofa _ an old bathtub?'
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็•ชๅท 3โ€”ใ€ŒๅฝผๅฅณใŒ ใ“ใฎใ‚ฝใƒ•ใ‚ก _ ๅคใ„ใƒใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒ–ใ‚’ไฝœใฃใŸใชใ‚“ใฆไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€
10:42
That sounds interesting.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้ข็™ฝใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
10:48
Okay, the answerโ€”'made out of.'
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ใฏใ„ใ€็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€Œใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:51
We took a bathtub and we gave it a new purpose.
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็งใŸใกใฏใƒใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒ–ใซๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็›ฎ็š„ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:55
So 'made out of' is best here.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€Œmade ofใ€ใŒๆœ€้ฉใงใ™ใ€‚
10:57
And the last oneโ€”number 4.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ 4 ็•ช็›ฎใงใ™ใ€‚
10:59
'These bricks are made _ sand and clay.'
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒฌใƒณใ‚ฌใฏ็ ‚ใจ็ฒ˜ๅœŸใงใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
11:09
Okayโ€”'made from.'
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸโ€”ใ€Œใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
11:12
We took the natural materials and we
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็งใŸใกใฏๅคฉ็„ถ็ด ๆใ‚’ๆŽกๅ–ใ—ใ€
11:14
manufactured them to create the bricks.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฃฝ้€ ใ—ใฆใƒฌใƒณใ‚ฌใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:17
Right, that's it for today.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ“ใ“ใพใงใงใ™ใ€‚
11:19
How did you get on?
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ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ๏ผŸ
11:21
Let me know in the comments, and let me
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11:22
know if you've learnt something new.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใงใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
11:24
Don't forget to download the PDF and
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PDF ใจใ‚จใ‚ฏใ‚ตใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บ ใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
11:26
exercise pack.
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ใ€‚
11:27
There is loads more information in there.
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ใใ“ใซใฏใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅคšใใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:29
It will come right to your email.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒกใƒผใƒซใซใ™ใใซๅฑŠใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:31
If you've enjoyed learning with me today,
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ไปŠๆ—ฅ็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซๅญฆใถใฎใŒๆฅฝใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใชใ‚‰ใ€
11:33
I think you'll love my Beautiful British English B1, B2 and C1 Programmes.
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็งใฎ็พŽใ—ใ„่‹ฑๅ›ฝ ่‹ฑ่ชž B1ใ€B2ใ€C1 ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใ‚‚ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:40
You can learn all about them at englishwithlucy.com.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€englishwithlucy.com ใงใ™ในใฆๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใพใŸ
11:44
I will see you soon for another lesson!
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ๅˆฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผ
11:59
Muah!
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ใƒ ใ‚ข๏ผ
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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