The Secret to Having Amazing Conversations in English

90,009 views ใƒป 2023-07-22

English Speaking Success


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
- Do you find it difficult
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-
00:02
to keep a conversation going in English?
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงไผš่ฉฑใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
00:05
Well, in this video, I will give you the secret
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™
00:08
to having amazing conversations in English.
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ใ€‚
00:12
(bright music)
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๏ผˆๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„้Ÿณๆฅฝ๏ผ‰
00:22
Hello, this is Keith from the Keith Speaking Academy.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ ใ‚ญใƒผใ‚นใƒปใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใƒปใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒผใฎใ‚ญใƒผใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
00:26
You know, many students learn English in a classroom
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ใ”ๅญ˜็ŸฅใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใฏ ๆ•™ๅฎคใง่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใณ
00:29
and then they struggle with real life conversations.
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ใ€ใใฎๅพŒๅฎŸ้š›ใฎไผš่ฉฑใง่‹ฆๅŠดใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:33
And that's mainly because real life conversations
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ใใ‚Œใฏไธปใซใ€ ็พๅฎŸใฎไผš่ฉฑใŒ
00:36
don't follow a script, right?
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ๅฐๆœฌใซๅพ“ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
00:39
They can suddenly change direction
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00:42
a bit like an Italian taxi driver.
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ใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚ขใฎใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผ้‹่ปขๆ‰‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็ช็„ถๆ–นๅ‘ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:45
(Keith imitates car whooshing)
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๏ผˆใ‚ญใƒผใ‚นใฏ่ปŠใฎใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใƒƒใจใ„ใ†้Ÿณใ‚’็œŸไผผใ™ใ‚‹๏ผ‰
00:46
And you're like, "What? What's happening?"
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใˆ๏ผŸไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸใ€ใจๆ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:48
And you're lost.
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้“ใซ่ฟทใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:50
So today, I will give you the secret. (laughs)
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ใใ“ใงไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใใฎ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใ‚’ใŠไผใˆใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
00:53
The secret.
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ใใฎ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใ€‚
00:54
I don't know if it's a secret
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็ง˜ๅฏ†ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง
00:56
but I will tell you how to have amazing conversations
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใพใ™
01:00
in English.
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ใ€‚
01:01
I'm gonna focus on three simple things.
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ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใช3ใคใฎใ“ใจใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚
01:04
Number one, how to start a conversation.
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1ใค็›ฎใฏใ€ไผš่ฉฑใฎๅง‹ใ‚ๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚ 2
01:07
Number two, how to develop a conversation.
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ใค็›ฎใฏใ€ไผš่ฉฑใ‚’็™บๅฑ•ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ 3
01:11
Number three,
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็•ช็›ฎใฏใ€
01:12
how to change topic naturally in a conversation.
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ไผš่ฉฑใฎไธญใง่‡ช็„ถใซ่ฉฑ้กŒใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:16
And at the end, I'm gonna give you some tips
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€
01:19
on how to end a conversation politely.
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ไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ไธๅฏงใซ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:23
Great.
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01:23
At the end of this video,
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใง่ฆ‹ใ‚Œใฐใ€
01:24
I think you will be much more confident
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจ่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ
01:27
to have natural conversations in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใง่‡ช็„ถใชไผš่ฉฑใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:30
Sound good?
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ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผŸ ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
01:31
Let's do it.
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ใ€‚
01:38
Right, let's begin, how to start a conversation?
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ใใ†ใ ใ€ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ ไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใซใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:41
Let's imagine, you're going to speak
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ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
01:42
to either someone you know, maybe a friend or a colleague
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็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ€ ใŠใใ‚‰ใๅ‹ไบบใ‚„ๅŒๅƒšใ€
01:48
or someone you don't know very well,
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ‚ˆใ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ไบบใ€
01:49
maybe someone you've just met.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใไผšใฃใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใฎไบบใจ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:52
So typically, we would say something like,
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€้€šๅธธใฏใ€
01:54
"Hi, how's it going? What's new?"
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ใ€Œใ‚„ใ‚ใ€่ชฟๅญใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹? ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:59
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:00
Now, that's fine, okay?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:02
But you usually get a short response.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€้€šๅธธใฏ็Ÿญใ„ๅฟœ็ญ”ใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
02:05
"Well, nothing new.
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ใ€Œใพใ‚ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚‚ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:07
Same old, same old.
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:09
Business as usual."
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚้€šใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
02:12
And so the conversation stops.
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ใใ—ใฆไผš่ฉฑใฏๆญขใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:14
And that's because these questions are not seen
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ ่ณชๅ•ใŒ
02:18
as conversation starters by native speakers.
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใซใจใฃใฆไผš่ฉฑใฎใใฃใ‹ใ‘ใจใ—ใฆ่ฆ‹ใชใ•ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:22
We see these as greetings.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆŒจๆ‹ถใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:24
So we stop, right?
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚„ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใญ๏ผŸ ใ‚‚ใฃใจ
02:26
A much better question would be something like,
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่‰ฏใ„่ณชๅ•ใฏ ใ€
02:29
"What have you been up to lately?"
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ใ€Œๆœ€่ฟ‘ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:32
Notice the pronunciation.
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็™บ้Ÿณใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:34
What have you been up to?
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ไฝ•ใ—ใฆใŸใฎ๏ผŸ ไปŠใพใง
02:36
What have you been?
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ไฝ•ใ—ใฆใŸใฎ๏ผŸ
02:37
It's a chunk.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅกŠใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠใพใง
02:38
What have you been?
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ไฝ•ใ—ใฆใŸใฎ๏ผŸ ไปŠใพใง
02:42
What have you been?
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ไฝ•ใ—ใฆใŸใฎ๏ผŸ
02:44
What have you been up to lately?
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ๆœ€่ฟ‘ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
02:48
That's it. Nice.
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ใใ‚ŒใงใŠใ—ใพใ„ใ€‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
02:50
And so they're more likely
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚„ๆดปๅ‹•ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ฉฑใ™ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:51
to tell you something they've done, some activities, right?
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02:55
"I've been doing that. I've been doing this."
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‚ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ‚‹ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚
02:58
The more specific you get, the better.
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ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ™ใ‚‹ใปใฉ่‰ฏใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†
03:02
Because then people focus more.
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ใ™ใ‚Œใฐไบบใ€…ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š้›†ไธญใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:03
So you could say, "Well, what did you do yesterday?"
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใงใ€ ๆ˜จๆ—ฅไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:07
Notice the chunk again.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใƒใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฏใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:08
What did you do?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใŸ๏ผŸ
03:09
What did you do?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใŸ๏ผŸ
03:11
What did you do?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใŸ๏ผŸ
03:13
What did you do yesterday?
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ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
03:17
Great.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
03:18
Or, "What did you get up to yesterday?"
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?ใ€
03:22
Dee-dee-dee-dee-dee-dee-dee-dee. (chuckles)
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ใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ€‚ ๏ผˆ็ฌ‘ใ„๏ผ‰
03:25
What did you get up to yesterday?
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ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
03:28
To get up to, to do, right?
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็ซ‹ใกไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:31
Here, because you're focusing,
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ้›†ไธญใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€
03:33
you're more likely to get a specific answer.
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ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใช็ญ”ใˆใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:36
Personally, in my life, especially in working life,
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ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใซใ€็งใฎไบบ็”Ÿใ€ ็‰นใซไป•ไบ‹ใฎไบบ็”ŸใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€
03:39
I found these two questions,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ€
03:42
the next two questions to be really powerful, right?
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ๆฌกใฎ 2 ใคใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฏ ้žๅธธใซๅผทๅŠ›ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:45
Things like, "What have you been working on lately?"
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ใ€Œ ๆœ€่ฟ‘ไฝ•ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸใ€ใจใ‹ใ€‚
03:50
Again, notice that, "What have you been?"
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏไปŠใพใงไฝ•ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ไปŠใพใง
03:52
What have you been?
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ไฝ•ใ—ใฆใŸใฎ๏ผŸ ไปŠใพใง
03:53
What have you been?
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ไฝ•ใ—ใฆใŸใฎ๏ผŸ
03:57
What have you been working on lately?
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ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฏไฝ•ใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:01
Or, "What's been keeping you busy lately?"
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œๆœ€่ฟ‘ไฝ•ใŒๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€
04:06
Because these questions normally make the person
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฏ ้€šๅธธใ€ไบบใซ
04:10
think about a particular project
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็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆ
04:12
and something maybe they're passionate about
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ใ‚„ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๆƒ…็†ฑใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ•ใ›
04:14
and start talking about.
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ใ€่ฉฑใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:16
And you get better conversations, right?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ไผš่ฉฑใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:20
Remember, ask better questions
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€
04:24
and you will get better answers.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„็ญ”ใˆใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:28
Great. Let's move on.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:35
Okay, so how to develop a conversation, right?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆไผš่ฉฑใ‚’็™บๅฑ•ใ•ใ›ใ‚Œใฐ ใ„ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:38
Let's take an example conversation here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงไผš่ฉฑไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:41
And just to let you know, the word Asda here.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚ขใ‚นใƒ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:44
It's the name of a supermarket in the UK, okay?
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใฎๅๅ‰ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:48
So here's a conversation. Have a look at this.
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ใใ“ใงไผš่ฉฑใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:50
"I went shopping yesterday."
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ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
04:52
"Where did you go?"
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"ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ๅ‡ฆใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ"
04:54
"Asda."
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ใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚นใƒ€ใ€
04:55
"What did you buy?"
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"ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’่ฒทใฃใŸใฎ๏ผŸ"
04:56
"Some fruit and veg."
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ใ€Œๆžœ็‰ฉใจ้‡Ž่œใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹ใ€‚ใ€
04:58
Okay, now, that conversation to me
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใซใจใฃใฆใใฎไผš่ฉฑใฏ
05:01
looks like a classroom conversation or a script from a book.
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ๆ•™ๅฎคใงใฎไผš่ฉฑใ‹ๆœฌใฎๅฐๆœฌใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:07
It's not very natural, right?
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‡ช็„ถใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:09
Now, it uses these question words,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€
05:12
where, what, how, who, right?
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ใฉใ“ใงใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€่ชฐใŒใ€ใจใ„ใ†็–‘ๅ•่ฉžใŒไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:14
Where did you go?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ๅ‡ฆใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
05:16
What did you buy?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’่ฒทใฃใŸใฎ๏ผŸ
05:17
Who did you go with?
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่ชฐใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
05:18
Now, that's okay.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚
05:20
And I think especially if you're a lower level student,
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็‰นใซ ไฝŽใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
05:23
using these question words
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็–‘ๅ•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจ
05:25
can help you start a conversation.
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ไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:28
The problem is these follow up questions,
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ๅ•้กŒใฏใ€ใ“ใ†ใ—ใŸ่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ ใจใ€ใพใ‚‹ใง
05:32
you can start to sound like a police officer
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่ญฆๅฏŸๅฎ˜ใŒ
05:36
doing an interrogation, right?
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ๅ–ใ‚Š่ชฟในใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใฆใ—ใพใ†ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:39
My friend Ian does this, right?
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็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใฎใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:42
"Ian, I went to the supermarket yesterday."
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ใ€Œใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€
05:45
"Oh, yes? What time did you go?
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ใ€Œใใ†ใใ†๏ผŸไฝ•ๆ™‚ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใฎ๏ผŸ
05:47
Who did you go with? What did you buy?"
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่ชฐใจ่กŒใฃใŸใฎ๏ผŸไฝ•ใ‚’่ฒทใฃใŸใฎ๏ผŸใ€
05:50
Like, what? What's going on?
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ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช๏ผŸ ใฉใ†ใ—ใŸใฎ๏ผŸ
05:52
Am I on trial for murder?
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็งใฏๆฎบไบบ็ฝชใง่ฃๅˆคไธญใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:54
I mean, you know, he sounds like a policeman.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใฏ ่ญฆๅฏŸๅฎ˜ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:57
So that's the danger of that.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฑ้™บใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
05:59
You end up with a conversation that's like,
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็ตๅฑ€ ใ€
06:01
question, answer, question, answer, question, answer.
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่ณชๅ•ใ€ๅ›ž็ญ”ใ€่ณชๅ•ใ€ๅ›ž็ญ” ใ€่ณชๅ•ใ€ๅ›ž็ญ”ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชไผš่ฉฑใซใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:05
And it's, mm, it's not great, right?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใญ?
06:09
But it's okay.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚
06:11
So here's the secret. (laughs)
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ใงใฏใ€ใใฎ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใ‚’ใ”็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
06:14
The secret, right?
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ใใฎ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
06:15
Most natural conversations do the following.
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎ่‡ช็„ถใชไผš่ฉฑใฏ ๆฌกใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:18
I'll explain it and then I'll give you an example, okay?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:20
So you take the last theme someone talked about, right?
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใŸๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
06:26
And then you develop it into a new theme.
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใซ็™บๅฑ•ใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚
06:30
Simple as that, right?
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ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
06:32
When somebody speaks, you take the theme,
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฎใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใ€
06:35
develop it into a new theme.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใซ็™บๅฑ•ใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:37
Theme, meaning topic or idea.
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ใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใ€ใคใพใ‚Š่ฉฑ้กŒใ‚„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:40
Let's look at a more natural conversation.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‡ช็„ถใชไผš่ฉฑใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:42
Look at this one.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:43
"I went shopping yesterday."
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ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
06:45
"Really? Oh, I find shopping such a pain."
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ใ€Œใใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ‚ใ‚ใ€็งใฏ่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใจใฆใ‚‚้ขๅ€’ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
06:49
"Well, I don't mind it actually,
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ใ€Œใพใ‚ใ€ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‚‚ใŒ้ซ˜ไพกใ ใ‘ใฉใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฏๆฐ—ใซใ—ใฆใชใ„ใ‚ˆ
06:51
although everything is so expensive these days."
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ใ€‚ใ€
06:53
"Yeah, tell me about it.
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ใ€Œใˆใˆใ€ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:55
We go to Asda, stuff tends to be cheaper there."
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็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ขใ‚นใƒ€ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใฏ็‰ฉใŒๅฎ‰ใ„ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
06:59
Okay, now, that is a much more natural conversation, right?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจ ่‡ช็„ถใชไผš่ฉฑใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
07:04
Compared to the original one, like the book dialogue.
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ๆœฌใฎไผš่ฉฑใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚ชใƒชใ‚ธใƒŠใƒซใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:08
What's happening here is there's a theme.
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ใ“ใ“ใง่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:11
So it begins, right?
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ใใ‚Œใงๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
07:12
Shopping. The theme of shopping.
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่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใ€‚ ใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใŒใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใ€‚
07:14
"I went shopping yesterday."
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ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
07:16
And then the next person takes a theme of shopping
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ใใ—ใฆๆฌกใฎไบบใŒ ่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใ‚’ใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใซใ€
07:18
and talks about the feeling developing a new theme.
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ๆ–ฐใŸใชใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใ‚’ๅฑ•้–‹ใ—ใฆใใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒณใ‚’่ชžใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:22
"I find shopping such a pain, it's a headache," right?
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ใ€Œ่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚“ใฉใใ•ใ„ใ€้ ญใŒ็—›ใ„ใ€ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ› ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:26
The next person takes that idea of feelings
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ๆฌกใฎไบบใฏใ€ ใใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ€
07:29
and develops a new theme about the price of food.
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้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใฎไพกๆ ผใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใ‚’ๅฑ•้–‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:35
"Yeah, I don't mind it,
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ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€
07:37
although everything is expensive."
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ใฉใ‚Œใ‚‚้ซ˜ใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€‚ใ€
07:39
The next person takes that theme, right?
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ๆฌกใฎไบบใŒใใฎใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใ‚’ๅผ•ใ็ถ™ใŽใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
07:42
Expensive.
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้ซ˜ใ„ใ€‚
07:43
"Yeah, tell me about it. It's true."
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ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
07:45
And then carries on developing that theme about price
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไพกๆ ผใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใ‚’้–‹็™บใ—็ถšใ‘ใพใ™
07:50
but relating it to them.
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ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไพกๆ ผใซ้–ข้€ฃไป˜ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:51
"We go to Asda, stuff tends to be cheaper there."
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ขใ‚นใƒ€ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใฏ็‰ฉใŒๅฎ‰ใ„ๅ‚พๅ‘ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
07:54
And they could go on taking this theme.
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ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใฎใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:57
So you take a theme, develop a new one, relate it,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใ€ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใ‚’้–‹็™บใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’้–ข้€ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹
08:01
and that is the conversation.
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ใจใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไผš่ฉฑใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:04
It's really interesting.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้ข็™ฝใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
08:05
I think personally, you know,
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ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใซใฏใ€
08:07
you can mix this idea, theme, a new theme,
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ€ใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใ€
08:10
and also the question words, mix them all up.
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ใใ—ใฆ็–‘ๅ• ่ฉžใ‚’ใ™ในใฆๆททใœๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:14
It's not one or the other.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ไธ€ๆ–นใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:15
And you can create and have some really nice conversations.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—ใ€ไผš่ฉฑใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌก
08:22
Let's move on.
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ใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:29
Okay, let's talk about changing topic in a conversation,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ไผš่ฉฑใฎไธญใง่ฉฑ้กŒใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:32
because I find a lot of students find this difficult
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅคšใใฎ ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’้›ฃใ—ใๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใŠใ‚Š
08:35
and they don't do it naturally.
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ใ€่‡ช็„ถใซใใ†ใ—ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:37
They suddenly say something and people go, "What?
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ็ช็„ถไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ† ใจใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏใ€Œใˆ๏ผŸ
08:41
Where's the connection?"
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ใฉใ“ใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:42
Because they haven't connected it to what's gone before.
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚’้ŽๅŽปใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจ็ตใณไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:46
And I know this is difficult, but let's see an example.
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้›ฃใ—ใ„ใจใฏๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:49
Remember that conversation we just looked at,
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ๅ…ˆใปใฉ่ฆ‹ใŸใ€
08:51
talking about shopping, the feeling, and the price.
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ใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใ€ไพกๆ ผใซใคใ„ใฆใฎไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:55
Imagine at the end, at the last line, it goes like this.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ่กŒใŒๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:59
"Yeah, tell me about it.
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ใ€Œใˆใˆใ€ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:01
We go to Asda, stuff tends to be cheaper there."
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็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ขใ‚นใƒ€ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใฏ็‰ฉใŒๅฎ‰ใ„ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
09:04
"I went to a party last night." (laughs)
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ใ€Œๆ˜จๅคœใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ (็ฌ‘)
09:07
It's like, "What?
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ใ€Œใˆ๏ผŸ
09:09
We're talking about shopping and feelings and price
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่ฒทใ„็‰ฉ ใ‚„ๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚„ๅ€คๆฎตใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใŸใฎใซใ€
09:12
and you went to a party?"
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ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใฃใŸใฎ๏ผŸใ€ใฟใŸใ„ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:14
There's no connection
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ใคใชใŒใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
09:17
but you just need one word to make the connection.
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ใŒใ€ ใคใชใŒใ‚Šใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใซใฏใŸใฃใŸไธ€่จ€ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
09:20
And the word is anyway.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€่จ€่‘‰ใฏใจใซใ‹ใใงใ™ใ€‚
09:23
Anyway.
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ใจใ‚‚ใ‹ใใ€‚
09:24
Normally with a falling intonation.
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้€šๅธธใฏไธ‹้™ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
09:26
Anyway.
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ใจใ‚‚ใ‹ใใ€‚
09:27
And that indicates, tells everybody, you're changing topic.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฉฑ้กŒใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:33
It's a bit like the Italian taxi driver, do you remember?
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ใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚ขใฎ ใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผ้‹่ปขๆ‰‹ใซๅฐ‘ใ—ไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
09:35
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
09:36
With all respect to Italian taxi drivers,
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ใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚ขใฎใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผ้‹่ปขๆ‰‹ใซๆ•ฌๆ„ใ‚’่กจใ—ใพใ™
09:39
but those in Rome in particular,
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ใŒใ€็‰นใซใƒญใƒผใƒžใฎใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผ้‹่ปขๆ‰‹ใฏใ€ๆ–นๅ‘
09:41
if before turning, they just turn on the indicator
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่ปขๆ›ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’ใ‚ชใƒณใซใ—ใฆ
09:45
(Keith imitating car indicator clicking)
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๏ผˆใ‚ญใƒผใ‚นใŒ่ปŠใฎใ‚คใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใฎใ‚ซใƒใ‚ซใƒ้Ÿณใ‚’็œŸไผผใฆ๏ผ‰ใ€
09:48
and they tell everybody, it would be better.
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ใฟใ‚“ใชใซใใ†่จ€ใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ‚Œใฐใ€ ใใฎๆ–นใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:51
So anyway is the indicator, like when you're driving,
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ‚คใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ้‹่ปขไธญใซๆ–นๅ‘ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’
09:55
it tells everybody you're changing direction.
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ใฟใ‚“ใชใซ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใพใ™ ใ€‚
09:58
"Anyway, I went to a party last night."
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ใ€Œใจใซใ‹ใใ€ๆ˜จๅคœใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
10:01
"Oh, really? Who did you go with?"
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ่ชฐใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€
10:03
"Oh, right, yeah, good."
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ€ใใ†ใ ใ€ใใ†ใ ใ€ใ„ใ„ใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ€
10:05
"No, I hate parties. I'm quite shy."
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ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใฏๅซŒใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆฅใšใ‹ใ—ใŒใ‚Šๅฑ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
10:07
And the conversation takes a new turn, right?
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ใใ—ใฆไผš่ฉฑใฏ ๆ–ฐใŸใชๅฑ•้–‹ใ‚’่ฟŽใˆใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
10:10
Maybe some questions, maybe new theme,
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใ€
10:12
developing new themes.
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใฎ้–‹็™บใ€‚
10:15
Okay, great.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:17
Now, a second way of changing the topic
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ใ•ใฆใ€่ฉฑ้กŒใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ 2 ใค็›ฎใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€
10:21
is when we use the expression, "By the way."
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ใ€Œใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ใจใ„ใ†่กจ็พใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ๅ ดๅˆใงใ™ใ€‚
10:26
By the way means, okay, we're talking about this
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ใกใชใฟใซใ€ๅˆ†ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
10:30
but also, I want to talk about this.
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ใ‘ใฉใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใ€‚ ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜
10:33
And it's just a very simple signpost if you like, right?
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ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹้žๅธธใซๅ˜็ด”ใช ้“ๆจ™ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใจใ“ใ‚ใง
10:36
By the way.
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ใ€‚
10:38
And we normally use the past tense.
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใŸใกใฏ้€šๅธธใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:42
So we would say either,
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ใใ“ใง็งใŸใกใฏใ€
10:43
"By the way, I was going to ask you do, do, do, do, do."
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ใ€Œใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€็งใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ†ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใใ†ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:48
Or, "By the way, I wanted to ask you something."
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ€Œใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ่žใใŸใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€
10:53
We use the past tense as a way of being polite.
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็งใŸใกใฏไธๅฏงใ•ใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใจใ—ใฆ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
10:58
"I want to ask you," is quite direct, it's not bad.
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ใ€Œ่žใใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏ ใ‹ใชใ‚Šใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใงๆ‚ชใใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:02
But "I wanted to ask you," is a ridiculous English thing
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œ่žใใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏ
11:07
about being super polite.
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่ถ…ไธๅฏงใช่‹ฑ่ชžใงใจใ‚“ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
11:08
It's about conditionals and hypothetical.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆกไปถใจไปฎ่ชฌใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
11:11
If I was going to ask you a question, I would ask you.
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ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ณชๅ•ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใชใ‚‰ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ณชๅ•ใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
11:14
It's just being polite, right?
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ใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใ ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
11:16
I wanted to ask you.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซๅฐ‹ใญใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
11:17
"By the way, I wanted to ask you,
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ใ€Œใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€่žใใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€
11:21
do you know any good vegetarian recipes?
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ไฝ•ใ‹่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใ‚ธใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚ขใƒณใฎใƒฌใ‚ทใƒ”ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:24
'Cause my friend Ian is coming for dinner
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ใ ใฃใฆใ€็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใฎใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใŒๅค•้ฃŸใซๆฅใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™
11:26
and he's a vegetarian," right?
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ใŒใ€ๅฝผใฏใƒ™ใ‚ธใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚ขใƒณใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผŸ
11:29
That's it.
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ใใ‚ŒใงใŠใ—ใพใ„ใ€‚
11:30
So anyway, by the way, past tense,
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ใกใชใฟใซ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ€
11:34
great ways to change conversation.
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ไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌก
11:37
Let's move on.
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ใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
11:43
So how do you end a conversation in English politely?
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ใงใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฎไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ไธๅฏงใซ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใซใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ?
11:48
Conversations tend to go one of two ways.
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ไผš่ฉฑใฏ 2 ใคใฎๆ–นๅ‘ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใง้€ฒใ‚€ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
11:52
They may be that you're listening to somebody
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใจใฆใ‚‚้€€ๅฑˆใช ไบบใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใฆ
11:54
who's very boring and you're like, "Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah.
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ใ€ใ€Œใใ†ใใ†ใ€ใใ†ใใ†ใ€ใใ†ใใ†ใ€‚
11:58
Oh, really? Mm, yeah."
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“๏ผŸ ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใใ†ใ ใญใ€ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:00
And you're thinking, "How do I escape?
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ้€ƒใ’ใ‚ˆใ†ใ‹?
12:03
How do we end this?"
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ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚ˆใ†ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:05
Or the other way is two people's conversation has dried up
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€2 ไบบใฎ ไผš่ฉฑใŒๆžฏใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ„ใ€
12:09
and they don't know what to say now.
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ไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใˆใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:11
(Keith humming)
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๏ผˆใ‚ญใƒผใ‚นใฎ้ผปๆญŒ๏ผ‰
12:13
And you're thinking, "Mm, are you gonna finish this
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€Œใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‹ใ€
12:17
or shall I finish this?"
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚็งใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
12:19
And you don't know what to say.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใˆใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:21
So typically, British people will just say,
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€้€šๅธธใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น ไบบใฏใŸใ ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€
12:24
one person will just say, "Listen, I've got to go."
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใฏใŸใ  ใ€Œ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€็งใฏ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚
12:28
Simple as that, right?
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ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
12:30
You just say, "I need to leave.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŸใ ใ€Œๅ‡บ็™บใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:32
Listen, I've got to go."
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่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€็งใฏ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:35
Or more informally, "Listen, I've got to be off."
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจใใ ใ‘ใŸ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ€Œ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ‚‚ใ† ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
12:39
To be off here means to go.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚ชใƒ•ใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€่กŒใใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:43
"Listen, I've got to be off," or "I must be off,"
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ใ€Œ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€็งใฏ ไผ‘ใพใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ็งใฏไผ‘ใพใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ€
12:48
or even, "I should be off."
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€Œ็งใฏไผ‘ใ‚€ในใใงใ™ใ€ใ•ใˆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:50
"I should be off."
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ใ€Œไผ‘ใ‚“ใ ๆ–นใŒใ„ใ„ใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ€
12:53
Any of those are great.
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ใฉใ‚Œใ‚‚็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
12:54
I should be off.
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ไผ‘ใ‚€ในใใ ใ€‚
12:55
Can you say that?
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ใใ†่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:58
I should be off.
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ไผ‘ใ‚€ในใใ ใ€‚
13:00
I should be off.
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ไผ‘ใ‚€ในใใ ใ€‚
13:02
Nice.
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่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
13:03
The other way is rather than saying, "I need to go,"
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฏ ใ€ใ€Œ่กŒใ‹ใชใใ‚ƒใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใงใฏใชใใฆใ€
13:06
is we switch it
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ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใฆ็›ธๆ‰‹
13:07
and we say that it's the other person, right?
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ใ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญใ€‚
13:10
"I know you're busy, I don't want to keep you."
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใฎใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€็งใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅผ•ใ็•™ใ‚ใŸใใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
13:14
I don't want to keep you.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅผ•ใ็•™ใ‚ใŸใใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
13:17
Or, you know, "I know you're busy, I'll let you get on."
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใฎใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ไน—ใ‚‰ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œไน—ใ‚‰
13:21
I'll let you get on means I'll let you continue.
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ใ›ใฆใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ใ€ใฏใ€Œ ็ถšใ‘ใ•ใ›ใฆใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
13:26
I'll let you get on with your work.
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ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ•ใ›ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’
13:29
I'll let you get on with what you're doing.
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็ถšใ‘ใ•ใ›ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
13:32
Or just, "I'll let you get on."
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๅ˜ใซใ€Œไน—ใ›ใฆใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ€ใ€‚
13:35
I will becomes I'll, right?
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I will ใฏ I will ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ€Œ
13:37
I'll let and 'cause it's I'll let, there's just one L sound.
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I'll letใ€ใจใ€ŒI'll letใ€ใชใฎใงใ€Lใฎ้Ÿณใฏ1ใคใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:42
I'll let you.
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ใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:44
I'll let you get on.
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ไน—ใ‚‰ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:46
That's it. Exactly.
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ใใ‚ŒใงใŠใ—ใพใ„ใ€‚ ใใฎ้€šใ‚Šใ€‚
13:48
And then normally, the other person says,
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ใใ—ใฆ้€šๅธธใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใฏ
13:50
"Sure, yes, great."
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ใ€Œ็ขบใ‹ใซใ€ใฏใ„ใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:52
And probably, both of you say something like,
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ใใ—ใฆใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใŠไบŒไบบใจใ‚‚
13:55
"Well, it was great chatting.
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ใ€ŒใŠใ—ใ‚ƒในใ‚Šใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
13:57
It was good to chat to you."
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ใ‚ใชใŸใจใŠใ—ใ‚ƒในใ‚Šใงใใฆใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจใ„ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
14:01
Something like that.
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ใใ‚“ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ€‚
14:02
And that is how you end a conversation politely.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ ไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ไธๅฏงใซ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:06
It's a bit like a secret code, right? (laughs)
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใฎๆš—ๅทใฟใŸใ„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ (็ฌ‘)
14:10
Great.
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ใ™ใ”ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
14:11
Great, so listen, if you want the PDF for free
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ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:14
of all these ideas and just a quick summary
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’็„กๆ–™ใงใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ—ใฆใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’้–‹ๅง‹ใงใใ‚‹
14:17
with all the language so you can start practising ,
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ในใฆใฎ่จ€่ชžใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆฆ‚่ฆใ ใ‘ใ‚’ PDF ใงๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
14:20
then just click on the link in the description below.
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ไธ‹ใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:22
You can get that for free.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็„กๆ–™ใงๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
14:24
Also, if you want to practise your conversation skills more,
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ใพใŸใ€ไผš่ฉฑใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใจ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€็งใฎใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใธใฎๅ‚ๅŠ ใ‚’
14:28
why not think about joining my online course?
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ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใฆใฟใฆใฏใ„ใ‹ใŒใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ?
14:32
IELTS Speaking Success: Get a Band 7+ GOLD.
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IELTS ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐๆˆๅŠŸ: Band 7+ GOLD ใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
14:36
Because now, we have a new feature,
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€็พๅœจใ€
14:39
Daily Online Breakout Rooms.
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ๆฏŽๆ—ฅใฎใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใƒ–ใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใƒซใƒผใƒ ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–ฐๆฉŸ่ƒฝใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:43
And the breakout rooms are online
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ใƒ–ใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆ ใƒซใƒผใƒ ใฏใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใง
14:45
with two or three other people
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ไป–ใฎ 2 ไบบใ‹ 3 ไบบใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใฆ
14:47
and you practise speaking English with them, okay?
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ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:50
With other students on the course.
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ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นไธŠใฎไป–ใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ€‚
14:52
You can practise your conversation skills,
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ไผš่ฉฑใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใ€
14:55
you can practise IELTS speaking questions,
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IELTS ใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐๅ•้กŒใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใ€
14:58
you get to speak to people all over the world,
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ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไบบใ€…ใจ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใง
15:01
build your confidence,
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่‡ชไฟกใ‚’็ฏ‰ใใ€
15:02
and so become a much more confident speaker of English,
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š ่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใ€
15:07
and you can ace your IELTS test.
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IELTS ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงๅˆๆ ผใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
15:10
If you're interested, again, click on the link below
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ใ”่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใธใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
15:13
to the course.
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15:13
If you're on YouTube,
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ใ€‚
YouTube ใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใฎใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ‹ใ‚‰
15:14
you can get a 10% discount off that course.
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10% ๅ‰ฒๅผ•ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
15:17
In the meantime, do remember to subscribe to my channel.
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ใใ‚Œใพใงใฎ้–“ใ€ ็งใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซ็™ป้Œฒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:21
Thank you so much for watching.
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ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ—ใฆ่ช ใซใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚
15:22
I do appreciate it and I'll see you in the next video.
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ๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸ ๆฌกใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
15:27
Take care, my friend.
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็งใฎๅ‹้”ใฎไธ–่ฉฑใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
15:29
Bye-bye.
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ใƒใ‚คใƒใ‚คใ€‚
15:30
(bright music)
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(ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„้Ÿณๆฅฝ)
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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