Advanced Listening Skills: Linking

66,156 views ใƒป 2024-05-18

English Speaking Success


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
If you're struggling
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00:02
to understand native English speakers,
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซ่‹ฆๅŠดใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ้‡่ฆใชใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’
00:05
then you need to master this one essential skill.
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ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:09
(upbeat music)
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(ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„้Ÿณๆฅฝ)
00:18
Hello, it's Keith from English Speaking Success
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ English Speaker Success
00:22
and the website The Keith Speaking Academy,
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ใจ Web ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ The Keith Speaker ใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒผใฎ Keith ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:25
here to help you develop your speaking skills
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€
00:28
in a fun and professional way
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ๆฅฝใ—ใใƒ—ใƒญใƒ•ใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ทใƒงใƒŠใƒซใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ไผธใฐใ™ใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™
00:31
so you can become a confident speaker of English.
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ใ€‚
00:34
An important part of speaking English
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ไธŠใง้‡่ฆใชใฎใฏใ€
00:36
is also understanding and listening.
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็†่งฃใ—ใฆ่žใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
00:39
So, listening skills.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐๅŠ›ใ€‚
00:40
Let's see how much you can understand.
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ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‹่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:44
Listen to this.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:45
Either put it on, take it off, or go away.
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็€ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€่„ฑใใ‹ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๅŽปใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:47
But I agree, it's not a nice suit.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€็งใ‚‚ๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ•ตใชใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:51
What did I say?
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็งใฏไฝ•ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
00:54
Now, I agree, it's difficult because there's no context,
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ๆ–‡่„ˆใŒใชใ„ใฎใง้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™
00:58
but by the end of this video,
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ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€
01:00
you will understand this sentence perfectly.
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฎŒๅ…จใซ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:04
Now, first of all, let me give you a simpler test.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใพใšใฏ ็ฐกๅ˜ใชใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:08
How do you pronounce this?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
01:13
Now, you may say, you may have said,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œ่„ฑใ’ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
01:16
"Take it off," and that's fine.
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ใใ‚Œใงๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:19
"Take it off," that's correct.
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ใ€Œ่„ฑใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
01:21
It's also good.
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ใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
01:23
The thing is, a lot of native English speakers will say,
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ๅ•้กŒใฏใ€ ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใจใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใฎๅคšใใฏ
01:28
"Take it-off."
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ใ€Œ่„ฑใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:29
Or if you're American, "Take id-off."
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ€ŒIDใ‚’ๅค–ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹
01:32
Now, you don't have to pronounce it like that,
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ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
01:36
but what's happening is something we call "linking".
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ใŒใ€่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ ใ€Œใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
01:39
Take it off, take-i-toff.
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่„ฑใ„ใงใ€่„ฑใ„ใงใ€‚
01:42
Ta-kit-off.
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ใŸใƒผใ‚ญใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ชใƒ•ใ€‚
01:45
We're linking the consonant
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ๅญ้Ÿณ
01:47
with the vowel of the next word.
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ใจๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’็ตใณไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:48
So, "take it" becomes "tay-kit".
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œtake itใ€ใฏใ€Œtay-kitใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:53
"It off" becomes "toff".
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ใ€Œit offใ€ใฏใ€Œtoffใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:57
"Tay-ki-toff."
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ใ€Œใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒปใ‚ญใƒปใƒˆใƒ•ใ€
01:59
The important thing is not that you can pronounce that.
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้‡่ฆใชใฎใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:03
You don't have to link,
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ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€
02:04
and native speakers don't always link,
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒๅธธใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใฏ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
02:06
but you should be able to understand it when you hear it.
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ใŒใ€ ่žใ„ใŸใ‚‰็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
02:10
Tay-ki-toff. Tay-ki-doff.
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ใ‚ฟใ‚คใ‚ญใƒˆใƒ•ใ€‚ ใ‚ฟใ‚คใ‚ญใƒ‰ใƒ•ใ€‚
02:12
Tay-ki-toff.
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ใ‚ฟใ‚คใ‚ญใƒˆใƒ•ใ€‚
02:14
So in this video,
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏใ€
02:15
I'm gonna show you three common linking sounds,
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3 ใคใฎ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏ้Ÿณใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:19
and if you can start listening out for,
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02:22
listening out for, and hearing these sounds,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้Ÿณใซ่€ณใ‚’ๅ‚พใ‘ใ€่€ณใ‚’ๅ‚พใ‘ใ€่ดใๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚Œใฐใ€
02:26
then your listening skills
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ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใฏ
02:28
will start to improve dramatically.
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ๅŠ‡็š„ใซๅ‘ไธŠใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:32
And remember as well, by the end of this video,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€
02:34
you've going to understand that first sentence perfectly.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฎŒๅ…จใซ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:38
Oh, also at the end,
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€
02:39
I'll give you a bonus tip,
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02:40
some ideas or tips on how to continue practice,
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็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’็ถ™็ถšใ—ใ€
02:45
practice developing your listening skills.
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ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใฎใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ไผธใฐใ™็ทด็ฟ’ๆ–นๆณ•ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚„ใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ใŠใพใ‘ใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:48
Okay, sound good?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ„ใ„ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:49
Ready? Let's do it.
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆ๏ผŸ ใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:55
Okay, linking.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:56
So the three types of linking
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ 3 ็จฎ้กžใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใฏใ€
02:58
we're gonna look at are constant plus vowel,
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ๅฎšๆ•ฐ + ๆฏ้Ÿณใ€
03:02
vowel plus, plus vowel
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ๆฏ้Ÿณ +ใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณ
03:04
consonant plus consonant.
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ๅญ้Ÿณ + ๅญ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
03:06
It's important, we're looking at consonant sounds
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้‡่ฆใชใฎใฏใ€ ๅญ้Ÿณใจๆฏ้Ÿณใซๆณจ็›ฎใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
03:09
and vowel sounds.
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ใ€‚
03:11
Not the letter, but the sounds, okay?
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ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใใฆ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ‚ˆ๏ผŸ ๅญ้Ÿณใจๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’็ตใณไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹
03:14
Let's begin with the first one linking consonant
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
03:17
and vowel sounds.
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ใ€‚
03:19
So this is where a word ends in a consonant sound,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ˜่ชžใŒ ๅญ้Ÿณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
03:22
and the next word begins with a vowel sound.
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ๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒ ๆฏ้Ÿณใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:25
And probably the easiest place to start
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€
03:29
is with phrasal verbs.
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ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:32
Now, this is where a verb is joined with a preposition,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใฏๅ‹•่ฉž ใซๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใŒใใฃใคใ„ใฆใ€ใ€Œ
03:37
and the meaning changes a little bit, like put out.
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ๅ‡บใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:41
So here, I think it's really, really easy
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03:45
because if you think about it, most prepositions begin
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่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใ‚Œใฐ ใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฏ
03:49
with a vowel sound, right?
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ๆฏ้Ÿณใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:52
In, on, out, off, away,
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ใ‚คใƒณใ€ใ‚ชใƒณใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใ€ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚คใ€
03:54
about, over, around, under.
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ใ‚ขใƒใ‚ฆใƒˆใ€ใ‚ชใƒผใƒใƒผใ€ใ‚ขใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใ€ใ‚ขใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใ€‚
03:56
So, most phrasal verbs will have a linking,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใซใฏ ๆŽฅ็ถšใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
04:01
put out, put out,
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put outใ€put outใ€
04:04
or in American English, put out, put out.
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ใพใŸใฏใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏ put outใ€put out ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:08
Put out.
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ๅ‡บใ™ใ€‚
04:10
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:11
Now you don't have to say that,
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ไปŠใฏใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
04:12
but you want to get used to hearing that sound.
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ใŒใ€ใใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใซๆ…ฃใ‚ŒใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:15
This would be take off, take off, okay?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้›ข้™ธใ€้›ข้™ธใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใญ๏ผŸ
04:21
So listen to these common phrasal verbs.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใซ่€ณใ‚’ๅ‚พใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:24
Hand in, get on, put out, take off.
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ๆ‰‹ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ไน—ใ‚‹ใ€ๅ‡บใ™ใ€่„ฑใใ€‚
04:28
For example, hand in your homework, get on the bus,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ๆๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€
04:33
put out the rubbish, take off your shoes, right?
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ใ‚ดใƒŸใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ ้ดใ‚’่„ฑใ„ใ ใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:37
What's more with phrasal verbs, if we substitute the noun
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไปฃๅ่ฉžใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
04:42
for a pronoun, so we change homework for it,
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ๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€
04:47
hand in your homework, hand it in,
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ๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ๆๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
04:50
the it always goes between the verb and the preposition.
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ๅธธใซๅ‹•่ฉžใจๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎ้–“ใซ้…็ฝฎใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:55
So it's hand it in, and listen to the linking.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆธกใ—ใฆใ€ ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:58
Hand it in, hand it in, hand it in.
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ๆธกใ—ใฆใ€ๆธกใ—ใฆใ€ๆธกใ—ใฆใ€‚
05:03
Can you hear that?
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่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:04
Hand it in.
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ๆธกใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:06
So you're gonna get, hand it in, put it out, take it off.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆ ใ€ๆธกใ—ใฆใ€ๅค–ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:11
So you need to get used to these sounds.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้Ÿณใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‹•็”ปใฎๅ†’้ ญใฎ
05:15
Do you remember the sentence at the beginning of the video?
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ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸ
05:18
Either put it on or take it off.
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ๅฑฅใใ‹่„ฑใใ‹ใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:20
Either put it on or take it off.
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ๅฑฅใใ‹่„ฑใใ‹ใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:23
Maybe I'm talking about a suit, or a jacket, or a hat.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใ็งใฏใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใ€ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใพใŸใฏๅธฝๅญใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
05:27
Either put it on or take it off, right?
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ๅฑฅใใ‹่„ฑใใ‹ใ€ใฉใฃใกใ‹ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:31
So get used to that sound.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใใฎ้Ÿณใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:34
It's a bit like the sound of a train, right?
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ ้›ป่ปŠใฎ้Ÿณใซไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚
05:37
Put it on, put it off, put it out, take it on, take it off,
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็€ใฆใ€่„ฑใ„ใงใ€ๅ‡บใ—ใฆ ใ€็€ใฆใ€่„ฑใ„ใงใ€
05:40
take it out.
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ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ€‚
05:41
I can hear a song coming up.
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ๆญŒใŒ่žใ“ใˆใฆใใ‚‹ใฎใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
05:43
Before I start singing,
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ๆญŒใ„ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€
05:44
let's move on to number two.
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2็•ชใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:50
Right, number two, vowel with a vowel sound.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใใฎ2ใ€ ๆฏ้Ÿณใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
05:53
So when a word ends in a vowel sound,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ˜่ชžใŒๆฏ้Ÿณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
05:58
and the next word begins with a vowel sound,
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ๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒ ๆฏ้Ÿณใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆŽฅ็ถš้Ÿณใฏ
06:00
there'll be probably either a wuh
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€Œใ‚ฆใ€
06:04
or a yuh linking sound.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใƒฆใƒผใ€ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:07
So, words ending in an O or a U sound,
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O ใพใŸใฏ U ใฎ้Ÿณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใฎ
06:12
look at the shape here.
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ๅฝขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:14
O or U, there's a wuh.
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Oใ‹Uใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:17
You can see the shape, right?
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ๅฝขใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
06:19
There's a wuh.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚
06:20
There's gonna be a wuh connecting them.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’็ตใณใคใ‘ใ‚‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
06:22
For example, go away, go away.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€้›ขใ‚Œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€้›ขใ‚Œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:27
You're gonna hear go away.
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ๅŽปใฃใฆใ„ใ้ŸณใŒ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:29
Go out.
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ๅค–ๅ‡บใ€‚
06:30
Go wonder.
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ไธๆ€่ญฐใซๆ€ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:32
No idea.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:34
Blue eyes, you all, you all know.
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้’ใ„็›ฎใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:39
Sometimes, it's subtle, it's a bit softer,
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ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅพฎๅฆ™ใงใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
06:42
but it's normally there, right?
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้€šๅธธใฏใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
06:45
And once you start hearing this, go out, go wonder.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่žใๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ๅค–ใซๅ‡บใฆใ€ไธๆ€่ญฐใซๆ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:49
Go wonder, OMG, right?
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ไธๆ€่ญฐใซๆ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:51
You can actually start hearing a different sound.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ้•ใ†้ŸณใŒ่žใ“ใˆๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
06:55
That's with the O and the U.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€O ใจ U ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:58
If a word ends in A, E, or I sound,
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ๅ˜่ชžใŒ Aใ€Eใ€ใพใŸใฏ I ใฎ้Ÿณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ€
07:03
you can see the shape, right?
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ใใฎๅฝขใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
07:04
It's more like a smile.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚€ใ—ใ‚็ฌ‘้ก”ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
07:06
A, E, I, flowing into another vowel sound,
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Aใ€Eใ€Iใ€ๅˆฅใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใซๆตใ‚Œ่พผใ‚€ใจใ€ใ€Œ
07:12
it's gonna be a yuh.
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ใ†ใฃใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:14
Say it, say it, say it.
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่จ€ใฃใฆใ€่จ€ใฃใฆใ€่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:18
He ate, he ate, he ate, he ate.
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ๅฝผใฏ้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:25
I agree. I agree.
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ๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:27
You agree? I agree.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅŒๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹๏ผŸ ๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:31
You start hearing different sounds right?
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้•ใ†้ŸณใŒ่žใ“ใˆๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
07:33
Now remember at the beginning
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ใ•ใฆใ€
07:35
of the video, we had go away,
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ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†’้ ญใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏๅŽปใฃใฆใ„ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€
07:37
I agree, two sounds.
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็งใ‚‚ๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€2ใคใฎ้ŸณใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:41
That sentence was put it on, take it off or go away.
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ใใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ ็€ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€่„ฑใใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅŽปใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:44
But I agree.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใ‚‚ๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:46
I think they're talking about a suit, put it on,
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€็€ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€
07:50
take it off, or go away, but I agree.
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่„ฑใใ‹ใ€ๅŽปใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:54
But I agree.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใ‚‚ๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:56
Okay, lots of linking, get used to these sounds.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้Ÿณใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:00
- Let's move on to the last, number three.
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- ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:06
Number three, constant plus the same constant.
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3 ็•ช็›ฎใฏใ€ๅฎšๆ•ฐ ใจๅŒใ˜ๅฎšๆ•ฐใงใ™ใ€‚
08:09
- So here we're looking at words
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- ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€
08:11
where one word ends in a constant
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใŒๅฎšๆ•ฐใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Š
08:13
and the next word begins with the same constant.
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ใ€ๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒ ๅŒใ˜ๅฎšๆ•ฐใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ชฟในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:16
Have a look at these sets of words.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:22
How would you say them?
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ใฉใ†่จ€ใˆใฐใ„ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:26
Okay, some people may say bad day,
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ใพใ‚ใ€ๆ‚ชใ„ๆ—ฅใ€
08:29
bad day, not quite right.
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ๆ‚ชใ„ๆ—ฅใ€ใพใฃใŸใๆญฃใ—ใใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:32
Most commonly we'd say bad day, bad day.
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใฏใ€ๆ‚ชใ„ๆ—ฅใ€ๆ‚ชใ„ๆ—ฅใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
08:37
There's only one duh sound.
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ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šๅ‰ใฎ้Ÿณใ€ใŒ 1 ใคใ ใ‘ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:40
And in fact, the first word, there's a bit
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ใใ—ใฆๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ˜่ชžใซใฏใ€ใ„ใ‚ใ‚†ใ‚‹
08:43
of a what we call a glottal Stop.
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ๅฃฐ้–€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:45
Bad, bad you, you stop the air flowing.
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ๆ‚ชใ„ใ€ๆ‚ชใ„ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ฉบๆฐ—ใฎๆตใ‚Œใ‚’ๆญขใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:49
Bad day, there's a bit of a pause. Can you hear that?
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ๅคฉๆฐ—ใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใฎใงใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ไผ‘ๆ†ฉใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:53
It was a bad day.
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ๆ‚ชใ„ๆ—ฅใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:55
Similarly, for the next one, look quickly.
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ๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ™ใใซ่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:59
Look quickly.
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ๆ—ฉใ่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:01
There's only one kuh sound.
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ใ‚ซ้Ÿณใฏไธ€ใคใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:04
And notice it's not about spelling.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚นใƒšใƒซใฎๅ•้กŒใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:05
There's a K or a Q, it's a kuh sound.
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Kใจใ‹Qใจใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใ‚ซใƒƒใจใ„ใ†้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใšใฃใจ
09:08
It's the same constant sound.
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ๅŒใ˜้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
09:11
Look quickly.
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ๆ—ฉใ่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:13
Likewise, the third one, eat tomatoes, tomatoes, tomatoes.
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3ใค็›ฎใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€ ใƒˆใƒžใƒˆใ€ใƒˆใƒžใƒˆใ€ใƒˆใƒžใƒˆใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ€‚
09:20
Eat tomatoes, eat tomatoes.
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ใƒˆใƒžใƒˆใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใ€ใƒˆใƒžใƒˆใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใ€‚
09:24
It's just one tuh sound.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใ ใฎใ€Œใƒใƒฅใƒผใ€้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
09:26
And the last one, nice suit.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใฏใ€็ด ๆ•ตใชใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:29
There's only one sss sound, nice suit.
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sss ใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใฏ 1 ใคใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€็ด ๆ•ตใชใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:33
So you can see they are, if you like, there's a linking
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ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€
09:38
of the same sound.
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ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:39
So we could say it's not a nice suit,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ•ตใชใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€
09:42
it's not a nice suit, right?
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็ด ๆ•ตใชใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใงใฏใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
09:46
But I agree, it's not a nice suit.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€็งใ‚‚ๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ•ตใชใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:50
Now going back to our sentence at the very beginning
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ใ•ใฆใ€
09:54
of this video, do you remember?
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†’้ ญใฎๆ–‡ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
09:56
It was something like this.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:58
Either put it on, take it off, or go away,
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็€ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€่„ฑใใ‹ใ€ๅŽปใฃใฆใ„ใใ‹ใ€
10:01
but it's not a nice suit.
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ใงใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ•ตใชใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:03
Now you get the context, right?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงๆ–‡่„ˆใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใญ?
10:06
Somebody saying, well, with the suit, right,
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ใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ†ใ€
10:09
put it on or take it off, or even go away.
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็€ใ‚‹ใ‹่„ฑใใ‹ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใฉใ“ใ‹ใธ่กŒใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:12
But I agree, it's not a nice suit.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€็งใ‚‚ๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ•ตใชใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:16
That's it.
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ใใ‚ŒใงใŠใ—ใพใ„ใ€‚
10:17
Now, you should be able to hear all of those linking sounds.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
10:22
Either put it on, take it off or go away.
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็€ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€่„ฑใใ‹ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๅŽปใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:24
But I agree, it's not a nice suit.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€็งใ‚‚ๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ•ตใชใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:27
Got it?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:29
Lovely.
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็ด ๆ•ตใชใ€‚
10:30
Now of course there are other aspects of linking.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใซใฏไป–ใฎๅด้ขใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:33
There's a simulation, an illusion that we haven't looked at.
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็งใŸใกใŒ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‚ทใƒŸใƒฅใƒฌใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ๅนปๆƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:36
But these are three very common kinds of linking
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ 3 ใคใฎ้žๅธธใซ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็จฎ้กžใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใงใ‚ใ‚Š
10:40
and a great place to get started with.
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ใ€ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใซๆœ€้ฉใชๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:43
You are getting started.
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ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซ
10:44
I'm getting finished, almost the end.
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่ฟ‘ใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใปใผ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
10:47
But first, let me give you some tips
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ใพใšใฏใ€
10:49
on how to improve your listening.
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ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:55
Okay, two tips for practicing
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใฎใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆไผธใฐใ™ใŸใ‚ใฎ 2 ใคใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใงใ™
10:57
and developing your listening skills.
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ใ€‚
10:58
Number one, do dictations.
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ไธ€็•ชใฏใ€ใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ฏใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
11:01
So this is where you work
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ใงไฝœๆฅญใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€
11:02
or listen to a very short clip, maybe 20 seconds,
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20 ็ง’ใ€
11:06
30 seconds, you listen and write down what you hear.
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30 ็ง’ใชใฉใฎ้žๅธธใซ็Ÿญใ„ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ€ ่žใ„ใŸๅ†…ๅฎนใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:11
Then you go back and check to the transcript.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๆˆปใฃใฆ ใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒ—ใƒˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:14
So you, ideally, you want to get a short audio
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็†ๆƒณ็š„ใซใฏใ€ใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒ—ใƒˆใ‚‚ๅซใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ ็Ÿญใ„้Ÿณๅฃฐใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใพใ™
11:17
where there's a transcript as well.
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ใ€‚
11:19
Good news is there's a very, very simple tool,
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่‰ฏใ„ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใฏใ€ ้žๅธธใซใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใชใƒ„ใƒผใƒซใงใ‚ใ‚‹
11:21
a chrome extension,
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Chrome ๆ‹กๅผตๆฉŸ่ƒฝใจใ€
11:22
and there's a safari extension that you can use.
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ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ Safari ๆ‹กๅผตๆฉŸ่ƒฝใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
11:25
It's called Glasp.
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ใ‚ฐใƒฉใ‚นใƒ—ใจใ„ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:27
It's free,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็„กๆ–™ใงใ€
11:28
and basically whenever you watch a video, like on YouTube,
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ YouTube ใชใฉใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใŸใณใซใ€
11:31
you'll get the transcript in the sidebar.
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ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒ‰ใƒใƒผใซใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒ—ใƒˆใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
11:33
Ted Talks also have transcripts.
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Ted Talks ใซใฏใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒ—ใƒˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:36
So just take a very short clip,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้žๅธธใซ็Ÿญใ„ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๆ’ฎใฃใฆใ€
11:38
and as you listen, write down what you hear.
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่žใใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€ ่žใ“ใˆใŸๅ†…ๅฎนใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
11:42
This will really help get your appreciation of,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
11:48
or noticing of, the linking in particular.
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็‰นใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ่ฉ•ไพกใ‚„ๆณจ็›ฎใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใฎใซ้žๅธธใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
11:52
Number two, listen to different kinds of text.
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2 ใค็›ฎใฏใ€ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็จฎ้กžใฎใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
11:56
We tend to listen to the same thing, right?
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็งใŸใกใฏๅŒใ˜ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ดใใŒใกใงใ™ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
11:58
We often listen to the same podcasts
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็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ˆใๅŒใ˜ใƒใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚นใƒˆ
12:00
or the same news program.
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ใ‚„ๅŒใ˜ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚น็•ช็ต„ใ‚’่ดใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็จฎ้กžใฎ้Ÿณๆฅฝใ‚’
12:02
You need to be listening to different kinds,
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่ดใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
12:05
and I would say three kinds:
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12:06
prepared, scripted, and improvised.
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็”จๆ„ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ€ๅฐๆœฌใซๆฒฟใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ€ใใ—ใฆๅณ่ˆˆใฎ 3 ็จฎ้กžใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:10
Prepared is where, for example, people are giving speeches
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใ‚„ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใŒๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ•ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Š
12:13
or presentations, and that's great.
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
12:16
Listen to that.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:17
Scripted is like the films,
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ๅฐๆœฌใ‚ใ‚Šใจใฏใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใ€
12:20
the soaps, the dramas on TV, the Netflix series,
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ใ‚ฝใƒผใƒ—ใ€ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใฎใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒž ใ€Netflix ใ‚ทใƒชใƒผใ‚บใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€
12:24
where it's scripted,
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ๅฐๆœฌใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
12:26
but you are listening to a different kind of English.
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่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ ๅˆฅใฎ็จฎ้กžใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
12:28
Finally improvised, but it's not planned.
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ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซใฏๅณ่ˆˆใงใ™ใŒใ€่จˆ็”ปใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:32
Typically interviews on TV with people where they just go
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้€šๅธธใ€ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใง ไบบใ€…ใซใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆตใ‚Œใซ่บซใ‚’ไปปใ›ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ€
12:35
with the flow, and that's where you'll really be exposed
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12:40
to very, very natural spoken English.
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้žๅธธใซ่‡ช็„ถใช่‹ฑ่ชžใซๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่งฆใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:42
And this linking, you'll be hearing a lot,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅไปฅ้™ใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡
12:44
hopefully even more after today.
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ใ†ใ€‚
12:47
That's it.
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ใใ‚ŒใงใŠใ—ใพใ„ใ€‚
12:48
So there you go.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใฉใ†ใžใ€‚ ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ
12:49
You now know three key points for linking
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ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใฎ 3 ใคใฎ้‡่ฆใชใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
12:52
to improve your listening skills.
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ใ€‚
12:55
But remember, the important thing is not knowing,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€้‡่ฆใช ใ“ใจใฏ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใฏใชใใ€
12:58
it's doing.
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ๅฎŸ่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:59
So what can you do?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ไฝ•ใŒใงใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
13:01
Well, you can, for example, download this PDF and review it,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ“ใฎ PDF ใ‚’ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ—ใฆ็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
13:06
but most of all, go and practice, right?
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ใŒใ€ไฝ•ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่กŒใฃใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคงๅˆ‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:08
Remember my three steps to learning English:
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใŸใ‚ใฎ็งใฎ 3 ใคใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š
13:11
study, practice, review.
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ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใ€ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:14
I did a whole video about it up here.
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ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’ใ“ใ“ใงไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:16
You can go and check it out.
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่กŒใฃใฆ็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:17
You've done the study,
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ๅ‹‰ๅผทใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€
13:18
now go and practice.
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ไปŠๅบฆใฏ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:20
Go and practice.
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่กŒใฃใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใช้Ÿณ
13:23
Go and practice listening to all of these different sounds.
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ใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ่žใ„ใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
13:27
That's it.
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ใใ‚ŒใงใŠใ—ใพใ„ใ€‚
13:28
I hope you've enjoyed the video.
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ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใŠๆฅฝใ—ใฟใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:30
If you've liked it, leave me a like.
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ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ„ใ„ใญใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:31
If you've liked it
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ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ„ใฆ
13:33
and you want to work more actually on your pronunciation,
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ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใฟใŸใ„ๆ–นใซใฏใ€
13:36
I have a very interesting course for you.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:38
It's called Fluent Grammar for IELTS Speaking.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ IELTS ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใฎใŸใ‚ใฎ Fluent Grammar ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ไป–
13:42
It's a grammar course like no other, dun, dun, dun.
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ใซใฏใชใ„ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใงใ™ ใ€ใƒ€ใƒณใ€ใƒ€ใƒณใ€ใƒ€ใƒณใ€‚
13:46
Basically, it focuses on spoken grammar.
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏ่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซ้‡็‚นใ‚’็ฝฎใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:49
You see most people learn grammar
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใŒ
13:52
with a book, with the rules,
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ๆœฌใงใ€ใƒซใƒผใƒซใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใ€
13:54
doing exercises, can be a bit boring.
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ๆผ”็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใถใฎใฏใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—้€€ๅฑˆใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:56
This is a totally unique course from the beginning,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰ใพใฃใŸใใƒฆใƒ‹ใƒผใ‚ฏใช ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใงใ€
13:59
it gets you speaking the grammar
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใ€
14:01
so that you are automating it
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่‡ชๅ‹•ๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚Œ
14:03
and you're using correct grammar
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ใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ„็™บ้Ÿณใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
14:05
with the correct pronunciation.
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ใ€‚
14:06
It's quite interesting. Go and check it out.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ ่กŒใฃใฆ็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:09
There's a link down below. If it's for you, fantastic.
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ไธ‹ใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใชใ‚‰ใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:13
If not, I will see you in the next video.
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ใใ†ใงใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
14:18
Thank you so much for watching. Take care.
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ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ—ใฆ่ช ใซใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€‚
14:20
All the best, bye-Bye.
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้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒใ‚คใ€‚
14:21
(uplifting music)
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(ๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใŒๅ‡บใ‚‹้Ÿณๆฅฝ)
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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