How to really THINK in English!

386,770 views ใƒป 2023-01-14

English Speaking Success


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
- Can you think in English?
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- ่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹?
00:02
Of course you can, if you are using the right techniques.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ ใ€้ฉๅˆ‡ใชใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ€‚
00:07
So let me show you how you can think in English.
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ใงใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
00:12
(playful music)
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(้Šใณๅฟƒใฎใ‚ใ‚‹้Ÿณๆฅฝ)
00:22
Hello, this is Keith from English Speaking Success
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐใƒชใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅ ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ตใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚น
00:25
and the website, the keithspeakingacademy.
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ใจใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใ€ใ‚ญใƒผใ‚นใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒผใฎใ‚ญใƒผใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
00:28
Now, when I started teaching English in Spain
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŒไฝ•ๅนดใ‚‚ๅ‰ ใซใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณใง่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใจใ
00:33
many, many years ago,
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ใ€
00:36
I had a group of students in a company, business students.
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็งใฏไผš็คพใซใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นๅญฆ็”Ÿใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ .
00:40
And some of them translated everything.
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฏใ™ในใฆใ‚’็ฟป่จณใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:43
I would ask a question,
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็งใŒ่ณชๅ•ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
00:45
they would translate the question into Spanish
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณ่ชž
00:47
to check they'd understood,
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ใซ็ฟป่จณใ—ใฆ็†่งฃใ—ใŸใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—
00:49
and then give the answer in Spanish
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ใ€ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณ่ชž
00:52
and translate back into English,
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ใง็ญ”ใˆใฆใ‹ใ‚‰่‹ฑ่ชžใซ็ฟป่จณ
00:54
often word by word.
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ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ˜่ชžใ”ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
00:55
It went something like this.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:57
Juan, do you like classical music?
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ใƒ•ใ‚ขใƒณใ€ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚ทใƒƒใ‚ฏ้Ÿณๆฅฝใฏๅฅฝใ๏ผŸ
01:02
Juan: (speaking in Spanish)
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ใƒ•ใ‚ขใƒณ: (ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณ่ชžใง)
01:12
Me: "In English, Juan?"
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็ง: ใ€Œ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ขใƒณ?ใ€
01:16
Juan: (speaking in Spanish)
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ใƒ•ใ‚ขใƒณ: (ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณ่ชžใง)
01:21
No, it no like me for nothing.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€็งใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:31
Where do you begin?
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ใฉใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:33
And what I did at the start
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็งใŒๆœ€ๅˆ
01:35
was to correct the students, but it didn't help.
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ใซใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฏ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใ‚’ๆญฃใ™ ใ“ใจใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใกใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:38
And what I realised is we had to talk about translation.
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใŒๆฐ—ไป˜ใ„ใŸใฎใฏ ใ€็ฟป่จณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:42
So we had a conversation
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏ
01:44
about translating and to stop translating.
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็ฟป่จณใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ใใ—ใฆ็ฟป่จณใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:48
So it finally worked.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ˆใ†ใ‚„ใใ†ใพใใ„ใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:50
These were low level students, but over time and over time,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไฝŽใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿ ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใฎ็ตŒ้Žใจใจใ‚‚ใซ
01:54
they began changing their habit and it helps.
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็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆๅง‹ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅŠฉใ‘ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ.
01:57
So how do you fix this translating habit?
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ็ฟป่จณใฎ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฟฎๆญฃใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
02:01
Well, in this video, I'm gonna tell you some simple ideas
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏ
02:05
on how to fix the translating habit you may have,
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ใ€็ฟป่จณใฎ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ‚’็›ดใ™็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็ดนไป‹ใ— ใพใ™
02:09
even if it's not as bad as Juan.
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ใ€‚Juan ใปใฉใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€‚
02:12
And there are ideas for absolute beginners
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ใพใŸใ€ใพใฃใŸใใฎ
02:15
as well as higher level learners.
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ๅˆๅฟƒ่€…ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ไธŠ็ดšใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ๅ‘ใ‘ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:17
And then in the second half of the video,
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ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅพŒๅŠใงใฏใ€
02:20
I'll show you the different ways that we think,
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็ง ใŸใกใŒ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใจใ€
02:25
and how this can help you think in English.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใค ใ‹ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™.
02:28
Finally, stay.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ๆปžๅœจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:30
Stick around to the end of the video,
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ใŠใพใ‘ใ‚’ๅทฎใ—ไธŠใ’ใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ๅ‹•็”ปใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใพใง
02:31
'cause I'm gonna give you a bonus.
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ใŠๅพ…ใกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:33
I'm gonna give you some tips on how you can build
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02:37
your English thinking habit right now,
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่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใ‚‹็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ‚’ไปŠใ™ใ่บซใซใคใ‘ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆ
02:40
finally, once and for all.
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ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:43
Sound good?
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ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผŸ
02:44
Let's do it.
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ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:51
Okay, let's fix your translating habit if you have one.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€็ฟป่จณใฎ ็™–ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰็›ดใ—ใฆใฟใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚
02:56
Just to be clear, translation is not always bad, right?
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ใฏใฃใใ‚Šใ•ใ›ใฆใŠใใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€็ฟป่จณ ใŒๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ๆ‚ชใ„ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:00
It gets a bad reputation, but translation sometimes is good.
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่ฉ•ๅˆคใฏๆ‚ชใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใŸใพใซ็ฟป่จณใŒใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:03
The problem is when you're translating all the time
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ๅ•้กŒใฏใ€ ๅธธใซ็ฟป่จณใ—ใฆใ„ใฆ
03:06
and you're translating word by word.
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ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใ”ใจใซ็ฟป่จณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚
03:09
That just doesn't work.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ†ใพใใ„ใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:11
So here are five things you can do
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ใใ“ใง
03:14
to fix the translating habit.
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ใ€็ฟป่จณใฎ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ‚’็›ดใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใงใใ‚‹ 5 ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ”็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:16
The first one is to learn and practise chunks or phrases,
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1 ใค็›ฎใฏ ใ€ๅ€‹ใ€…ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ใƒใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚„ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
03:21
not just individual words.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:25
When you learn individual words,
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ๅ€‹ใ€…ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅ˜่ชž
03:27
you are more likely to translate word by word.
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ใ”ใจใซ็ฟป่จณใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:30
When you learn a phrase or a chunk,
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ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚„ใƒใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
03:33
you're more likely to remember that and avoid translation.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆ็ฟป่จณใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:37
So learn chunks and practise them.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅญฆใณใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:39
You don't have to speak out.
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็™บ่จ€ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:41
You can just think of them.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:43
Let's imagine you learned this word.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:47
A tram.
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ใƒˆใƒฉใƒ ใ€‚
03:48
A tram.
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ใƒˆใƒฉใƒ ใ€‚
03:50
So don't just learn tram.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใƒˆใƒฉใƒ ใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:52
Think, if you've learned a noun,
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ๅ่ฉžใ‚’่ฆšใˆใŸใ‚‰ใ€
03:55
think or learn or find out in a dictionary.
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่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๅญฆใถใ‹ ใ€่พžๆ›ธใง่ชฟในใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ่ฉž
04:00
Find out the verbs that go together
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ใจไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉž
04:03
or the adjectives that go together with this noun, okay?
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ใพใŸใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:06
A tram.
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ใƒˆใƒฉใƒ ใ€‚
04:07
To take the tram.
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ใƒˆใƒฉใƒ ใซไน—ใ‚‹ใ€‚
04:08
I take the tram.
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ใƒˆใƒฉใƒ ใซไน—ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:11
Get on the tram.
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ใƒˆใƒฉใƒ ใซไน—ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:12
Not get in, get on the tram.
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ไน—ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใงใ€ใƒˆใƒฉใƒ ใซไน—ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:16
How do you know?
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ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:17
Use a dictionary.
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่พžๆ›ธใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ€‚
04:19
Have a look through.
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็›ฎใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:20
Go for T, R, S, T, tram, T, R.
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Tใ€Rใ€Sใ€Tใ€ใƒˆใƒฉใƒ ใ€Tใ€R ใ‚’้ธใณใพใ—ใ‚‡
04:26
And all the young people are going,
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ใ†ใ€‚ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎ่‹ฅ่€…ใŒ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€
04:28
Keith, doesn't he have a search engine
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ใ‚ญใƒผใ‚นใ€ๅฝผใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่พžๆ›ธใฎไธญใซๆคœ็ดขใ‚จใƒณใ‚ธใƒณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
04:31
inside your dictionary?
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ใ‹?
04:33
Trim, try, tram, trash.
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ใƒˆใƒชใƒ ใ€ใƒˆใƒฉใ‚คใ€ใƒˆใƒฉใƒ ใ€ใƒˆใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ€‚
04:37
Ah, the good old days of using a dictionary, right?
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅคใ่‰ฏใ ่พžๆ›ธใฎๆ™‚ไปฃใงใ™ใญใ€‚
04:42
Trans, tram.
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ใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใ€ใƒˆใƒฉใƒ ใ€‚
04:46
Where are we?
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04:46
Here we go, right?
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ใ“ใ“ใฏใฉใ“๏ผŸ
ใ•ใ‚ใ€่กŒใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:48
Tram.
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ใƒˆใƒฉใƒ ใ€‚
04:49
You can get to the beach easily by tram.
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ใƒˆใƒฉใƒ ใง็ฐกๅ˜ใซใƒ“ใƒผใƒใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:52
To go by tram, right?
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่ทฏ้ข้›ป่ปŠใง่กŒใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:55
So you sit there and you make phrases,
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ“ใซๅบงใฃใฆ
04:58
thinking, "I never take the tram."
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ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ่ทฏ้ข้›ป่ปŠใซใฏไน—ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆใชใŒใ‚‰ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:02
"I need to get on the tram."
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ใ€Œใƒˆใƒฉใƒ ใซไน—ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ€‚ใ€
05:05
"I could go by tram."
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ใ€Œใƒˆใƒฉใƒ ใง่กŒใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
05:07
And that's it.
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ไปฅไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚
05:08
So, so easy.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:10
Same when you learn a verb,
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใจใใ‚‚ใ€ไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟใ†
05:12
learn the nouns or the adverbs that go together
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ๅ่ฉžใ‚„ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’ๅญฆใณใ€
05:15
and practise thinking.
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่€ƒใˆใ‚‹็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:18
That's number one.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒไธ€็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
05:19
Number two.
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ไบŒ็•ชใ€‚
05:21
Number two is to notice and learn adjacent pairs.
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2 ใค็›ฎใฏใ€ ้šฃๆŽฅใ™ใ‚‹ใƒšใ‚ขใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
05:26
Adjacent just means together, right?
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้šฃๆŽฅใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ไธ€็ท’ใซใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:30
My hands are adjacent.
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ๆ‰‹ใŒ้šฃๆŽฅใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:33
They're next to each other.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้šฃๅŒๅฃซใงใ™ใ€‚
05:35
An adjacent pair is in a conversation
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้šฃๆŽฅใ™ใ‚‹ใƒšใ‚ข
05:39
where you have a two-part exchange, two speakers.
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ใฏใ€2 ้ƒจๆง‹ๆˆใฎ ไบคๆ›ใ€2 ไบบใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒใ„ใ‚‹ไผš่ฉฑไธญใงใ™ใ€‚
05:42
The first phrase has a reply or a second phrase
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใซใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใซไพๅญ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ ๅฟœ็ญ”ใพใŸใฏ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บ
05:46
that is dependent on the first.
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:49
And these phrases often go together, right?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐ ไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
05:52
Like when you say, "Hello, hello."
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚
05:55
That's an adjacent pair.
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้šฃๆŽฅใ™ใ‚‹ใƒšใ‚ขใงใ™ใ€‚
05:57
Very, very simple, right?
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:59
So when you're involved in conversations
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ไผš่ฉฑใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—
06:02
or watching films or series,
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ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚„ใ‚ทใƒชใƒผใ‚บใ‚’
06:04
look out for the adjacent pairs.
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่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€้šฃๆŽฅใ™ใ‚‹ใƒšใ‚ขใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.
06:07
Start to notice them and learn them.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซๆฐ—ใฅใใ€ๅญฆใณๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:12
And again, practise them thinking, okay?
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€่€ƒใˆใ‚‹็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:15
Adjacent pairs occur all over the place.
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้šฃๆŽฅใ™ใ‚‹ใƒšใ‚ขใฏใ„ใŸใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:18
The most common ones are greetings, right?
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ไธ€็•ชๅคšใ„ใฎใฏๆŒจๆ‹ถใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
06:21
Let me show you.
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ๆŠซ้œฒใ•ใ›ใฆใ€‚
06:26
How are you?
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ๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:28
Not too bad.
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ๆ‚ชใใชใ„ใ€‚
06:30
How's it going?
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่ชฟๅญใฏใฉใ†๏ผŸ
06:32
Fine.
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็ฝฐ้‡‘ใ€‚
06:33
Yay! (laughs)
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ใ‚ใƒผใ„๏ผ (็ฌ‘)
06:35
So you've got two phrases adjacent next to each other.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€2 ใคใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใŒ ้šฃๆŽฅใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:38
Normally, they are semi-fixed.
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้€šๅธธใฏๅŠๅ›บๅฎšใงใ™ใ€‚
06:41
There's a limited number of replies,
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่ฟ”ไฟกใฎๆ•ฐใซใฏ้™ใ‚ŠใŒ
06:44
and the most common ones are the most natural ways
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใฎ ใฏใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚่‡ช็„ถ
06:48
of speaking or answering, right?
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ใช่ฉฑใ—ๆ–นใพใŸใฏ็ญ”ใˆๆ–นใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
06:50
Our conversations are littered with these adjacent pairs.
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็งใŸใกใฎไผš่ฉฑใซใฏ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้šฃๆŽฅใ™ใ‚‹ใƒšใ‚ขใŒๆ•ฃใ‚‰ใฐใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:54
There are lots of them in many, many situations.
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ๅคšใใฎใ€ๅคšใใฎ็Šถๆณใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅคšใใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
06:58
For example, giving an invitation.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆ‹›ๅพ…็Šถใ‚’ๆธกใ™ใ€‚
07:01
Do you want to come to my party?
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็งใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซๆฅใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:03
I'd love to.
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ๆ˜ฏ้žใ€‚
07:06
Do you want to come for dinner?
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ๅค•้ฃŸใซๆฅใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:07
That'd be great.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:10
Asking for and giving information.
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ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ€ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
07:12
Has Mary arrived yet?
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ใƒกใ‚ขใƒชใƒผใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚
07:14
I don't think so.
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็งใฏใใ†ใฏๆ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใ€‚
07:17
Did you watch the football last night?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ˜จๅคœใƒ•ใƒƒใƒˆใƒœใƒผใƒซใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚
07:19
Yeah, it was great, wasn't it?
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ใˆใˆใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใญใ€‚
07:22
Okay, what about giving orders?
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ๅ‘ฝไปคใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚‹๏ผŸ
07:24
Maybe with your boss.
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ๅคšๅˆ†ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธŠๅธใจใ€‚
07:26
This needs doing right now.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏไปŠใ™ใ่กŒใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:28
Okay, I'll get onto it.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใซไน—ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:31
So there are all sorts,
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ใ„ใ‚ใ„ใ‚ใ‚ใ‚Š
07:33
and once you start noticing these in conversations,
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€ไผš่ฉฑใฎไธญใงๆฐ—ไป˜ใๅง‹ใ‚
07:36
you can pick them up and start learning them,
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ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ ๆ‹พใ„ไธŠใ’ใฆๅญฆใณๅง‹ใ‚
07:38
and it gets you thinking in English.
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
07:41
These are very, very useful, especially at lower levels.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€็‰นใซไฝŽใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใง้žๅธธใซไพฟๅˆฉใงใ™ ใ€‚
07:45
But as your level gets higher,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใŒไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใซใคใ‚Œใฆใ€
07:47
you do need to be able to be more flexible
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ใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๆŸ”่ปŸใซ
07:51
and learn to offer different alternatives.
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ใชใ‚Šใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช้ธๆŠž่‚ขใ‚’ๆไพ›ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:54
But again, you notice these
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ
07:56
as you listen to conversations more and more.
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ใ€ ไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ใฉใ‚“ใฉใ‚“่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:59
For example, the boss giving orders.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ไธŠๅธใฎๅ‘ฝไปคใ€‚
08:02
This needs doing right now.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏไปŠใ™ใ่กŒใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:04
I'll sort it out.
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ๆ•ด็†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:05
Don't worry, I'll make sure it's done.
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ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:08
No worries, we'll do it.
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ใ”ๅฟƒ้…ใชใใ€‚
08:11
Okay?
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08:11
So as you build your confidence and your level,
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ่‡ชไฟกใจใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใ‚’ๆง‹็ฏ‰ใ™ใ‚‹
08:13
you can offer more flexibility to these adjacent pairs.
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ใซใคใ‚Œใฆ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้šฃๆŽฅใ™ใ‚‹ใƒšใ‚ขใซใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๅคšใใฎๆŸ”่ปŸๆ€งใ‚’ๆไพ›ใงใใพใ™.
08:17
Extremely useful.
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้žๅธธใซไพฟๅˆฉใงใ™ใ€‚
08:18
Let's move on.
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ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:20
Number three, learn and use collocations.
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3 ็•ช็›ฎใซใ€ใ‚ณใƒญใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅญฆใณใ€ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:23
So we've just seen two phrases that go together.
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ไธ€็ท’ใซ่กŒใ 2 ใคใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใพใ— ใŸใ€‚
08:27
Collocations are two or three words
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ใ‚ณใƒญใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ 2 ใคใพใŸใฏ 3 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชž
08:30
that often go together, right?
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ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
08:32
For example, we talk about tea, black tea.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใŠ่Œถใ€็ด…่Œถใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:39
You can have green tea or black tea.
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็ท‘่Œถใ‹็ด…่ŒถใŒ้ธในใพใ™ใ€‚
08:42
We don't say red tea.
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็งใŸใกใฏ่ตค่Œถใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:45
The Chinese have this, Da Hong Pao,
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ไธญๅ›ฝไบบใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ€Da Hong Paoใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใฆ
08:47
and often talk about red tea, but it's not.
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ใ€ใ‚ˆใ่ตค่Œถใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ— ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
08:49
It's black tea in English, right?
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่‹ฑ่ชžใง็ด…่Œถใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
08:53
Tea leaves.
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่Œถ่‘‰ใ€‚
08:57
Also, teabag.
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ใพใŸใ€ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใ€‚
09:01
Ta-da, lovely Tetley's teabag.
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ใ‚ฟใƒ€ใ€ๅฏๆ„›ใ„ใƒ†ใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใฎใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใ€‚ ใŠ่Œถ
09:04
We can talk about a cup of tea, drink tea, or sip tea.
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ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ ใŠ่Œถใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ€ใŠ่Œถใ‚’ใ™ใ™ใฃใŸใ‚Šใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:14
If you make a noise, actually, that's to slurp the tea.
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้Ÿณใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‹ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใใ‚ŒใฏใŠ่Œถใ‚’ใ™ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:17
Don't slurp your tea.
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ใŠ่Œถใ‚’ใ™ใ™ใ‚‹ใชใ€‚
09:19
And so as you're learning words or verbs,
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ๅ˜่ชžใ‚„ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹
09:23
you can, as you're seeing things, you can think of them.
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ใจใใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ ใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:29
And as you're doing things,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
09:30
you can think of the collocations, right?
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ใจใใซใ€ใ‚ณใƒญใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
09:32
So I feel like a cup of tea.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใŠ่Œถใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:36
Ooh, that's nice, black tea.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€็ด…่Œถใ€‚
09:38
Lovely.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
09:40
But I prefer tea leaves.
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ใงใ‚‚็งใฏ่Œถ่‘‰ใฎๆ–นใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
09:42
Oh, well.
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ใ—ใ‹ใŸใŒใชใ„ใ€‚
09:46
Great, let's move on.
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ใงใฏใ€ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:48
Number four is to use a monolingual dictionary
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4 ใค็›ฎใฏ
09:52
more than a bilingual dictionary.
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ใ€2 ใ‹ๅ›ฝ่ชžใฎ่พžๆ›ธใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ 1 ใ‹ๅ›ฝ่ชžใฎ่พžๆ›ธใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
09:55
Monolingual means English to English.
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ใƒขใƒŽใƒชใƒณใ‚ฌใƒซใจใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‹ใ‚‰่‹ฑ่ชžใธใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
09:58
A bit like this.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใƒ“ใƒƒใƒˆใ€‚
10:00
And I know you're thinking, oh, he's so cute, right?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
10:03
He's using a paper dictionary.
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ๅฝผใฏ็ด™ใฎ่พžๆ›ธใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:06
Well, yes, and why not?
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใชใœใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:08
But I am also a little bit tech savvy.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๆŠ€่ก“ใซ็ฒพ้€šใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ Merriam-Webster ใฎ่พžๆ›ธ
10:11
I've also got here the Merriam-Webster dictionary,
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ใ‚‚ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
10:14
and it's perfect, right?
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ๅฎŒ็’งใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ? ไปฅๅ‰่ฆ‹ใŸ
10:16
Do you remember "tram" we looked at before?
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ใ€Œ่ทฏ้ข้›ป่ปŠใ€ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:19
Gives you a definition, gives you the different cases,
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ๅฎš็พฉใ‚’ ็คบใ—ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใ€
10:22
example sentences.
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ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:23
Take the tram to the departure terminal.
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ใƒˆใƒฉใƒ ใซไน—ใฃใฆๅ‡บ็™บใ‚ฟใƒผใƒŸใƒŠใƒซใธใ€‚
10:26
So listen, Merriam-Webster is a good online dictionary.
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่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€Merriam-Webster ใฏๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณ่พžๆ›ธใงใ™ใ€‚
10:29
You can go and check it out too.
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่กŒใฃใฆ็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
10:32
Next, number five is to keep 90% of your notes in English.
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ๆฌกใซใ€็ฌฌ 5 ใฏใ€ใƒŽใƒผใƒˆใฎ 90% ใ‚’่‹ฑ่ชžใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
10:39
So when you're making notes of vocabulary,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
10:41
new language that you're learning, 90% should be in English.
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ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚„ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่จ€่ชžใ‚’ใƒกใƒขใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ 90% ใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:46
You can use translation sometimes, and that's great.
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็ฟป่จณใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
10:49
But the more you can do your definitions,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฎš็พฉใ‚„
10:52
examples in English, the more you're gonna be
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ไพ‹ใ‚’่‹ฑ่ชž ใงใงใใ‚Œใฐใงใใ‚‹ใปใฉ
10:54
helping yourself think in English.
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
10:58
Nice.
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่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
11:04
I hope you're enjoying the video so far and learning lots.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ€ๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:08
In a moment, I'll tell you all the different ways
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ใ™ใใซใ€็งใŸใกใŒ ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•
11:10
that we think and how you can think in English.
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ใจใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ— ใพใ™.
11:13
If you would like to get all of this information
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ใ“ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑ
11:16
in a nice lovely PDF, then just click on the link
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ใ‚’็ด ๆ•ตใช PDF ใงๅ–ๅพ—ใ— ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
11:19
in the description, and then when you click on the link,
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ใฏใ€่ชฌๆ˜Ž ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
11:22
it will take you to this webpage.
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ใ“ใฎ Web ใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:24
Learn to think in English,
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่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹
11:26
or you do just put in your first name
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ใ‹ใ€ๅๅ‰
11:29
and an email address,
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ใจใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—
11:34
and then press the PDF button,
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ใฆ PDF ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ™ใ ใ‘ใงใ€
11:36
and you will instantly get the PDF.
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ใ™ใใซ PDF ใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
11:39
That's it.
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ใใ‚ŒใงใŠใ—ใพใ„ใ€‚
11:40
Let's get straight back into thinking in English.
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ใ™ใ ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
11:50
Now, in this second part of the video,
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅพŒๅŠใงใฏใ€
11:53
I'm gonna talk about different ways of thinking,
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช
11:55
how we actually think,
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่€ƒใˆๆ–นใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่€ƒใˆ
11:57
and how this can help you think in English.
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:00
So different ways of thinking.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰่€ƒใˆๆ–นใŒ้•ใ†ใ€‚
12:02
There are probably two main ways, right?
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ๅคงใใๅˆ†ใ‘ใฆ2้€šใ‚Šใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:04
There's what we call idle thinking,
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็งใŸใกใŒๆ€ ๆƒฐใชๆ€่€ƒใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ€
12:08
kind of lazy thinking.
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ไธ€็จฎใฎๆ€ ๆƒฐใชๆ€่€ƒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:10
And that's where the voice
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œ
12:11
in your head is talking and talking, right?
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ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ ญใฎไธญใฎๅฃฐใŒ ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
12:14
Everything that goes through your head, right?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ ญใ‚’้€š้Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
12:17
Typically looks something like this.
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้€šๅธธใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:19
It's cold.
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ๅฏ’ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:20
It's raining again.
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ใพใŸ้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
12:22
What am I gonna have for dinner?
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ๅค•้ฃŸใฏไฝ•ใซใ—ใ‚ˆใ†๏ผŸ
12:24
Why did we paint that wall blue, right?
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ใชใœใใฎๅฃใ‚’้’ใๅก—ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:27
Thoughts just jumping all over the place.
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ๆ€ใ„ใŒ้ฃ›ใณไบคใ†ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใ€‚
12:29
It's very hard to control that voice in your head.
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ใใฎๅฃฐใ‚’้ ญใฎไธญใงใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒญใƒผใƒซใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใจใฆใ‚‚้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚
12:33
The second type is reflective thinking,
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2 ใค็›ฎใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฏๅ†…็œ็š„ๆ€่€ƒใงใ€
12:36
where you're consciously deciding
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12:39
or making plans about how to do something.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่กŒใ†ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆๆ„่ญ˜็š„ใซๆฑบๅฎšใพใŸใฏ่จˆ็”ปใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚
12:43
Maybe something like this.
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ๅคšๅˆ†ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚
12:46
I need to plan tomorrow's lesson.
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ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎ่จˆ็”ปใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:48
What topic can I do?
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ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใงใใพใ™ใ‹?
12:50
Hmm, transport.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€่ผธ้€ใ€‚
12:51
Yes, no, I've already done that.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€็งใฏใ™ใงใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:53
Okay, concentrate, okay?
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€้›†ไธญใ—ใ‚ใ‚ˆ๏ผŸ
12:55
And it's much more structured
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ใใ—ใฆใ€
12:57
probably with a specific goal in mind.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใ็‰นๅฎšใฎ็›ฎๆจ™ใ‚’ๅฟต้ ญใซ็ฝฎใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆง‹้€ ๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:00
Now, within these ways of thinking, the two categories,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ 2ใคใฎ่€ƒใˆๆ–นใฎไธญใงใ€็ง
13:03
there are many different activities that we do.
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ใŸใกใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพใช ๆดปๅ‹•ใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:06
Let's have a look at them and show you
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใชใ
13:08
how you can do exactly the same thinking in English,
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜่€ƒใˆๆ–นใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡
13:10
whatever your level.
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ใ†.
13:17
So one of the most common activities in thinking
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ€่€ƒใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆดปๅ‹•ใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€
13:20
is to have opinions and to voice your opinions in your mind.
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ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใก ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๅฟƒใฎไธญใง่กจๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
13:27
When native speakers think in English,
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใพใŸใฏๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹
13:30
or when you think in your mother tongue,
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ใจใ
13:32
you don't often think like, "That's a tree."
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ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Œใฏๆœจใ ใ€ใจๆ€ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:39
"This is a book."
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"ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌใงใ™ใ€‚"
13:41
"This is a cup," right?
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸใ€
13:44
Although that can be useful for a beginner.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅˆๅฟƒ่€…ใซใฏๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ ใ€‚
13:47
And indeed as a beginner,
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ๅˆๅฟƒ่€…ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€
13:49
you can build on that and you could say,
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ใใฎไธŠใซๆง‹็ฏ‰ใ—ใฆใ€
13:51
"That's a big tree.
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅคงใใชๆœจใงใ™ใ€‚
13:53
This is a blue book.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้’ใ„ๆœฌใงใ™ใ€‚
13:54
This is a new cup."
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:57
And that can be helpful.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
13:59
But in fact, when we're thinking in English,
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ใงใ‚‚ๅฎŸ้š› ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆ
14:01
we're normally having an opinion about something, right?
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„ใงใ™ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
14:05
So actually, it looks much more like this.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
14:09
"What an awful car.
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ใ€Œใชใ‚“ใฆใฒใฉใ„่ปŠใช
14:11
I hate that colour.
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ใ‚“ใ ใ€‚ใ‚ใฎ่‰ฒใฏๅซŒใ„ใ ใ€‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฏ
14:13
What kind of car is that?
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ใฉใ‚“ใช่ปŠใ ๏ผŸ
14:15
I should know this.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใใ 
14:17
My brother would know, right?"
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ใ€‚ๅ…„ใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†๏ผŸใ€
14:19
We're having opinions about the things we see,
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็งใŸใกใฏ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
14:21
often very critical of others and ourselves.
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไป–ไบบใ‚„่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ้žๅธธใซๆ‰นๅˆค็š„ใงใ™ .
14:25
So one of the first things you can be doing
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใŸใ‚Š่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซๆœ€ๅˆใซใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€
14:28
is to have opinions when you're thinking and seeing things.
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ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚
14:34
Now, in addition to having opinions in English,
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ไปŠใงใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใชใ ใ€
14:38
when we're thinking, we often talk to ourselves
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่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ ็‹ฌใ‚Š่จ€ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ
14:43
and we tell ourselves what to do.
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ใชใ‚Šใ€ใฉใ†ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‹ใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใซ่จ€ใ„่žใ‹ใ›ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:45
It's a bit like a dialogue,
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ๅฏพ่ฉฑใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎ
14:47
but talking to yourself, right?
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ใงใ™ใŒใ€็‹ฌใ‚Š่จ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
14:49
Saying, come on, you can do this, let's go.
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่จ€ใฃใฆใ€ใ•ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
14:52
And so you may find this kind of situation
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎ็Šถๆณใฏ
14:56
a bit like this situation.
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ใ€ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใซๅฐ‘ใ—ไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:00
Oh, what time is it?
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ใ‚ใ€ไฝ•ๆ™‚ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
15:03
Oh, it's too cold.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅฏ’ใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ€‚
15:07
Wait, hang on, it's Tuesday.
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€็ซๆ›œๆ—ฅใงใ™ใ€‚
15:11
I've got a lot to do today.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ‚„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:13
Come on, get up.
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ใ•ใ‚ใ€่ตทใใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:16
We can do this, can we?
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็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
15:22
Just two more minutes?
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ใ‚ใจ2ๅˆ†๏ผŸ
15:26
That may look quite familiar to you maybe.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆใ‹ใชใ‚Š้ฆดๆŸ“ใฟใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:30
So whenever you're kind of talking to yourself
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†
15:33
and telling yourself to do things, you can do it in English.
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ใซ่จ€ใ„่žใ‹ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใซ่จ€ใ„่žใ‹ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™. ๆœไธ€็•ช
15:37
Thinking through in English,
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ใ‹ใ‚‰่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใ‚‹
15:40
even the first thing in the morning.
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ใ€‚
15:43
Boom, wake up with those beautiful English thoughts.
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ใƒ–ใƒผใƒ ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ ็พŽใ—ใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่€ƒใˆใง็›ฎใ‚’่ฆšใพใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:47
Come on, you can do this.
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ใ•ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
15:50
The third common thing we do
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็งใŸใกใŒ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ่กŒใ† 3 ใค็›ฎใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ“ใจใฏ
15:52
when we're thinking is we have ideas.
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ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
15:55
We voice our ideas in our head, right?
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็งใŸใกใฏ้ ญใฎไธญใงใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’่กจๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
15:59
And this often looks a bit like this.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
16:02
I think I'll go to the shopping mall.
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ใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒขใƒผใƒซใซ่กŒใ“ใ†ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:05
That'll be nice.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ„ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
16:06
I can get a coffee and lunch too.
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ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใจใƒฉใƒณใƒใ‚‚่ฒทใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
16:08
I'd love to go to New York.
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ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒจใƒผใ‚ฏใซ่กŒใใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:10
Why don't I book a flight?
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ใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒˆใ‚’ไบˆ็ด„ใ—ใชใ„ใฎใฏใชใœใงใ™ใ‹?
16:12
Nah, I can't afford it.
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ใ„ใ‚„ใ€ไฝ™่ฃ•ใŒใชใ„ใ€‚
16:14
Mm, maybe next year.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ๆฅๅนดใ‹ใชใ€‚
16:17
And so the ideas you are having
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่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใฏ
16:19
when you're thinking in English,
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16:22
you can be using the kind of chunks like,
329
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ใ€
16:26
"I think I will do this.
330
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œ
16:29
I'd love to do this.
331
989790
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ใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€
16:32
Why don't I do this?"
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ใชใœใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใƒใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
16:35
And instead of speaking out loud, you're just thinking.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅคงๅฃฐใง่ฉฑใ™ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŸใ ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:38
So whenever you have an idea, think in English.
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ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒๆตฎใ‹ใ‚“ใ ใ‚‰ใ€ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:44
Now, another very, very common thing we do
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ่กŒใ†ใ‚‚ใ†1ใคใฎ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ“ใจใฏ
16:46
when we're thinking is we identify problems
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ใ€ ๅ•้กŒใ‚’็‰นๅฎš
16:49
and find solutions.
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ใ—ใฆ่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™.
16:53
We often have a lot of negative talk.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ˆใใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:55
That voice in your head telling you
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้ ญใฎไธญใฎๅฃฐใŒใ€
16:58
this is a problem, that's a problem.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ•้กŒใ ใ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใฏๅ•้กŒใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:00
Oh no, that won't work.
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ใ„ใ‚„ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ†ใพใใ„ใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:02
That's no good.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ˆใใชใ„ใญใ€‚
17:03
Why does she always do that, right?
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ใชใœๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
17:06
We're complaining.
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็งใŸใกใฏไธๅนณใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:08
At the same time, we're also thinking to find solutions.
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ๅŒๆ™‚ใซ ่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–ใ‚‚่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:13
What I need to do is this.
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็งใŒใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ“ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚
17:15
I'm going to do that.
347
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
17:17
I could do that.
348
1037940
1980
็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
17:19
I should do that.
349
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1980
็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
17:21
Okay, I'll do this.
350
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:24
And so the simple practise is to take this language
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใช็ทด็ฟ’ ใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ€่ชž
17:29
and to be thinking, identify some problems in your life.
352
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ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎไบบ็”Ÿใฎๅ•้กŒใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
17:33
Think of them in English and think of the solutions, okay?
353
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่‹ฑ่ชžใง ่€ƒใˆใฆใ€่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใญใ€‚
17:37
Your goal is not to solve the problem.
354
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็›ฎๆจ™ใฏใ€ๅ•้กŒใ‚’่งฃๆฑบใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:39
Your goal is to practise thinking in English.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็›ฎๆจ™ใฏ ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใ‚‹็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
17:43
Think of problems like, well, the cost of living,
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็”Ÿๆดป่ฒป
17:47
the stress of studying, the stress at work, your health.
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ใ€ๅ‹‰ๅผทใฎ ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ€ๅฅๅบทใชใฉใฎๅ•้กŒใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
17:52
There are, I'm sure, plenty of problems
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็ขบใ‹ใซใ€
17:55
that you could be thinking about.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ•้กŒใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:57
Think of them in English,
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ็Ÿญใ„ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใง่€ƒใˆใฆ
17:58
short phrases and find the solutions.
361
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ใ€่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
18:03
Great, let's move on.
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ใงใฏใ€ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
18:05
One more.
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ใ‚‚ใ†1ใคใ€‚
18:07
So finally, another activity when we're thinking
364
1087080
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ ็งใŸใกใŒ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฎใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎๆดปๅ‹•
18:09
is we make plans, take decisions,
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ใฏใ€่จˆ็”ปใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใ€ๆฑบๅฎšใ‚’ไธ‹ใ—
18:13
and then sometimes regret what we've done.
366
1093560
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ใ€ๆ™‚ใซใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๅพŒๆ‚”ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
18:17
So when we're making plans, taking decisions,
367
1097130
2400
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใŒ ่จˆ็”ปใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใŸใ‚Šๆฑบๆ–ญใ‚’ไธ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚Š
18:19
you may be thinking, "I'm going to do this.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ† ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹
18:23
I'll do that.
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2010
18:25
Why not try that?
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18:27
I might try this.
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ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
18:29
Okay, sure.
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1410
18:31
Yes, let's do it."
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."
18:33
And then maybe, you regret your action and you go,
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ใใ—ใฆใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ๅพŒๆ‚”ใ—ใ€
18:37
"Oh, I should have done that.
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ†ใ™ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€‚
18:40
Why did I do that?
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ใชใœ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใŸใฎใ‹?
18:43
What was I thinking?
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็งใฏไฝ•ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใŸใฎใ‹?
18:45
I shouldn't have done that.
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ในใใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸ.
18:48
I should not have done that.
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1128090
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ในใใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸ. ็งใฏใ™ในใใ ใฃใŸ.
18:50
I shouldn't have done that."
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2097
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹
18:53
The great thing about thinking is it's easier
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ใ“ใจใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใจใ“ใ‚ ใฏ
18:56
to pronounce in your head than with your mouth.
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ใ€ๅฃใง่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚้ ญใง็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นใŒ็ฐกๅ˜ใ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
19:00
So when you're making plans, taking decisions,
383
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ่จˆ็”ปใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆฑบๅฎšใ‚’ไธ‹ใ—
19:03
or regretting things, you can be thinking it through
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ใŸใ‚Šใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’ๅพŒๆ‚”ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€
19:06
in English using these simple phrases.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใชใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆๆŠœใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
19:11
I guess the point is, all of this language,
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่ฆ็‚นใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎ่จ€่ชžใฏใ™ในใฆใ€
19:14
whether you are speaking or thinking,
387
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1500
่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ้–ขไฟ‚
19:15
it's the same language.
388
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ใชใใ€ๅŒใ˜่จ€่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:17
It's just getting into the habit
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19:20
of thinking through whenever you do these activities,
390
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19:25
whether it's making a plan, having an opinion,
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่จˆ็”ปใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐในใŸใ‚Šใ€
19:29
identifying problems and solutions,
392
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2520
ๅ•้กŒใจ่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–ใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ—ใŸใ‚Š
19:31
do it thinking in English.
393
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใชใฉใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆดปๅ‹•ใ‚’่กŒใ†ใŸใณใซใ€็†Ÿ่€ƒใ™ใ‚‹็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใŒ่บซใซใคใใพใ™ใ€‚
19:34
Great.
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833
ๅ‰ๅคงใชใ€‚
19:41
Okay, so now you know how to fix your translating habit.
395
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใง ใ€็ฟป่จณใฎ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:45
Now you know the different ways of thinking
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช่€ƒใˆๆ–น
19:49
and the kind of activities we often do when thinking
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ใจ ็งใŸใกใŒใ‚ˆใ่กŒใ†ๆดปๅ‹•ใฎ็จฎ้กžใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Š
19:53
that you can start practising in English.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:55
Let's finish with a bonus.
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ใƒœใƒผใƒŠใ‚นใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
19:57
Some tips on how to build your English thinking habit.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใ‚‹็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ‚’่บซใซใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ€‚
20:02
So thinking in English is actually,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ
20:04
it's just a skill that you practise
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็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใง
20:07
and you need to practise.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
20:09
The more you practise, the better you get at it.
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็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚Œ ใฐใ™ใ‚‹ใปใฉใ€ไธŠ้”ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:11
It's like speaking English, okay?
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
20:14
There's no secret.
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็ง˜ๅฏ†ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
20:16
It's just practise.
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ใ‚ใจใฏ็ทด็ฟ’ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:18
So I suggest you start just even one minute
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰
20:22
in the morning at breakfast time
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ใ€ๆœใฎๆœ้ฃŸใฎๆ™‚้–“
20:26
when you are thinking about,
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ใซ 1 ๅˆ†ใงใ‚‚ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
20:27
okay, that's a good time, right?
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ใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:28
'Cause you're probably planning the day, got some ideas,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ ใใฎๆ—ฅใฎ่จˆ็”ปใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใฆใ„ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒๆตฎใ‹ใ‚“ใงใ„
20:32
maybe a problem, and just go through
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ใฆใ€ๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๆŠฑใˆใฆใ„ใฆ
20:34
and start thinking in English.
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:36
Just for one minute, right?
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1ๅˆ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
20:38
The key is to start small and then build up.
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้‡่ฆใชใฎใฏใ€ ๅฐใ•ใๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰็ฉใฟไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
20:42
So you can do one minute,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€1 ๅˆ†
20:44
the next day, a minute and a half,
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ใ€ๆฌกใฎๆ—ฅใ€1 ๅˆ†ๅŠ
20:45
the next day, two minutes, and build up over the days.
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ใ€ๆฌกใฎๆ—ฅใ€2 ๅˆ†ใจใ„ใ† ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๆ•ฐๆ—ฅใ‹ใ‘ใฆ็ฉใฟ้‡ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
20:50
My advice is the same time,
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็งใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใฏใ€ๆฏŽๆ—ฅๅŒใ˜ๆ™‚้–“ใ€
20:53
my advice is the same time,
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20:55
same place every day and build the habit.
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ๅŒใ˜ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ€็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
21:00
Popular literature tells us
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ไบบๆฐ—ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–‡็Œฎใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจ
21:02
it takes 21 days to build a habit.
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ใ€็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ‚’่บซใซใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใซใฏ 21 ๆ—ฅใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
21:04
Actually, the deeper research tells us
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆทฑใ„่ชฟๆŸปใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจใ€
21:07
it's more like 67 days to build that habit.
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ใใฎ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ‚’่บซใซใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใซ67ๆ—ฅใปใฉใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
21:11
But hey, that's great.
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ใงใ‚‚ใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:13
You've got plenty of days ahead of you.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‰ใซใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆ—ฅใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:16
So you can do it.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
21:18
Just keep going, keep going, step by step.
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ใŸใ ้€ฒใฟ็ถšใ‘ใ€้€ฒใฟ็ถšใ‘ใ€ไธ€ๆญฉไธ€ๆญฉใ€‚
21:21
Now, I know what often stops students is vocabulary.
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ไปŠใ€็งใฏๅญฆ็”Ÿใ‚’ใ—ใฐใ—ใฐๆญขใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่ชžๅฝ™ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:27
They're thinking, and then they don't know the word.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่€ƒใˆ ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:29
Then that's fine.
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ใใ‚Œใชใ‚‰ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚
21:31
Just think in English and then the word you don't know,
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่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใฆใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’
21:34
just use your mother tongue,
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ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆ
21:36
and then later, just go and check in a dictionary.
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ใฆใ€ใ‚ใจใง ่พžๆ›ธใ‚’ๅผ•ใ„ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
21:39
Go and look it up.
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่กŒใฃใฆ่ชฟในใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
21:40
So cute.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„ใ€‚
21:41
Alright, go and look it up on your mobile dictionary.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ๆบๅธฏ่พžๆ›ธใง่ชฟในใฆใฟใ‚ˆใ† ใ€‚
21:46
Really easy, right?
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
21:47
Also, use simple words when you're thinking, right?
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ใพใŸใ€่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
21:51
Focus on practising the thinking skill.
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ๆ€่€ƒใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใซ้›†ไธญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
21:54
Don't focus on building vocabulary using complex grammar.
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่ค‡้›‘ใชๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅข—ใ‚„ใ™ใ“ใจใซ้›†ไธญใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
21:59
This is not the time.
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ไปŠใฏใใฎๆ™‚ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
22:01
Thinking in English is keep it simple time.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใฎใฏ ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใชๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
22:04
Build your thinking fluency slowly, right?
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ใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Šใจๆตๆšขใชๆ€่€ƒๅŠ›ใ‚’่บซใซใคใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใญใ€‚
22:08
It does help to create an English environment
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่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใ‚‹
22:12
that's gonna make it more likely
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ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชž็’ฐๅขƒใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใก
22:15
that you will be thinking in English.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:17
English environments are difficult,
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่‹ฑ่ชž็’ฐๅขƒใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„
22:19
but you can create lots of English moments.
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ใงใ™ใŒใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ็žฌ้–“ใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ไฝœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
22:22
So 15 minutes reading a book, 20 minutes with a podcast,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใฎใซ 15 ๅˆ† ใ€ใƒใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ 20 ๅˆ†
22:28
30 minutes with a Netflix series.
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ใ€Netflix ใ‚ทใƒชใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ 30 ๅˆ†ใ€‚
22:33
And you can just have these moments of English
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ใใ—ใฆ
22:35
that are gonna help you think in English.
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ็žฌ้–“ใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
22:38
Finally, you could use a prop something,
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคๅฐ้“ๅ…ทใ‚’โ€‹โ€‹ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
22:42
something that may help you feel more English.
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ใ€‚
22:46
Maybe it's a hat, maybe it's a pair of glasses,
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ๅธฝๅญใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ ใ—ใ€ใƒกใ‚ฌใƒ
22:49
maybe it's a cup, a cup of tea.
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ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€ใŠ่Œถใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
22:52
Whatever it is, the thing that helps you like an actor,
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ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฟณๅ„ชใ‚’ๅฅฝใใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€
22:56
it's a prop you use to get into character
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22:59
to be your English person
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่‹ฑๅ›ฝไบบใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟใ†ๅฐ้“ๅ…ทใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใ‚‹
23:01
and use that when you're thinking in English.
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ใจใใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใ† .
23:07
Mm.
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ใ‚“ใ‚“ใ€‚
23:10
Whatever works for you.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅƒใใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใ€‚
23:13
So that's it.
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ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
23:14
I hope all of these ideas help you
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒ
23:17
on your journey to thinking in English.
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๆ—…ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:20
If you've liked this video, please do subscribe.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ็™ป้Œฒใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:22
Turn on the notifications to find out
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้€š็Ÿฅใ‚’ใ‚ชใƒณใซใ—ใฆใ€
23:24
about more videos coming up.
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ไปŠๅพŒใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฟในใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
23:27
If you want to collect all of these ideas
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ข
23:29
in a nice simple PDF, you can click
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ใ‚’ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใช PDF ใซใพใจใ‚ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
23:32
on the link in the description,
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ใฏใ€่ชฌๆ˜Žใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’
23:33
go and download the PDF for free,
475
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ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใ€PDF ใ‚’็„กๆ–™ใงใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰
23:36
and that will help you start to create
476
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ใ—ใฆ
23:38
your thinking habit, thinking in English habit.
477
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใ‚‹็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ‚’่บซใซใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
23:42
I wish you lots of good luck, and I will see you very soon
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ๅนธ้‹ใ‚’็ฅˆใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:46
in the next video just around the corner.
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ใ™ใใซๆฌกใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
23:50
Thank you so much for watching.
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ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:51
Take care, my friend.
481
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็งใฎๅ‹้”ใฎไธ–่ฉฑใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
23:53
Bye-bye.
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
23:55
That was an interesting topic.
483
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ใใ‚Œใฏ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
23:57
I wonder if it was too difficult.
484
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้›ฃใ—ใ™ใŽใŸใ‹ใชใ€‚
23:59
I hope they manage.
485
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ็ฎก็†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:00
Oh, I'm sure they will.
486
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€็งใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:05
What am I gonna have for dinner?
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ๅค•้ฃŸใฏไฝ•ใซใ—ใ‚ˆใ†๏ผŸ
24:08
(playful music)
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(้Šใณๅฟƒใฎใ‚ใ‚‹้Ÿณๆฅฝ)

Original video on YouTube.com
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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