The Secret to Advanced English Listening Skills

164,765 views ใƒป 2024-06-15

English Speaking Success


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Today I want to show you probably
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใŠใใ‚‰ใ
00:02
the most important secret that will help you improve
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใช็ง˜ๅฏ†ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
00:06
your English listening skills.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚„ใ‚Š
00:09
Let's do it. (upbeat music)
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ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๏ผˆๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„้Ÿณๆฅฝ๏ผ‰
00:20
Hello, it's Keith from the Keith Speaking Academy,
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใ‚ญใƒผใ‚น ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒผใฎใ‚ญใƒผใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
00:23
and this YouTube channel, English Speaking Success.
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ใ“ใฎ YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ€ English Speaker Success ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:26
Here to help you become a confident speaker of English.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:30
Now, being a confident English speaker
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่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใฏใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’
00:32
also needs you to improve your listening skills.
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ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ ใ€‚
00:36
That's what we we're doing today.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใŒไปŠๆ—ฅ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
00:38
Good listening skills depend on expectations.
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ๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใฏ ๆœŸๅพ…ใซๅทฆๅณใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
00:44
So first of all, when we listen,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใพใš็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€็งใŸใกใฏ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใใจใใซใ€
00:47
we use the context
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ๆ–‡่„ˆใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ—ใฆ็›ธๆ‰‹ใŒ
00:49
to help expect what someone will say.
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ไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ไบˆๆƒณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:54
We then also use expectations
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๆœŸๅพ…ๅ€คใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€
00:56
to guess the sounds we will hear.
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่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹้Ÿณใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:00
Okay, so for example, if someone,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ€
01:03
maybe a husband, wife, partner,
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใๅคซใ€ๅฆปใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆใƒŠใƒผใชใฉใ€
01:05
walks out of your house in the morning with a bag,
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ๆœใ‚ซใƒใƒณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆๅฎถใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‡บใฆใใŸใ‚‰ใ€
01:08
you probably expect them to say something like.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใๆฌก ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:14
And you will expect to hear the sounds,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€
01:18
something like, "I am going to work." (chuckles)
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ ไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช้ŸณใŒ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๏ผˆ็ฌ‘ใ„๏ผ‰
01:22
Now, the funny thing is most people don't speak like that.
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ใ•ใฆใ€้ข็™ฝใ„ใ“ใจใซใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎ ไบบใฏใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:26
Probably only a Roman emperor would say,
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ไฝ•ๅƒๅนดใ‚‚ๅ‰ใซ
01:29
"I am going to work," (chuckles)
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ใ€Œ็งใฏไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒใใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏใƒญใƒผใƒž็š‡ๅธใ ใ‘ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
01:33
thousands of years ago.
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ใ€‚
01:34
But what would people like you and me actually say?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚„็งใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชไบบใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏไฝ•ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:39
What do you expect to hear?
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ไฝ•ใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
01:42
Probably, "I'm going to work."
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€Œไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒใใ€ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:46
Now, you know from the previous video
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŒ
01:48
I've done on contractions, that I am will become I'm.
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้™ฃ็—›ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆ่กŒใฃใŸๅ‰ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ็งใฏ็งใซใชใ‚‹โ€‹โ€‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:53
I'm going, to will become tuh,
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่กŒใใพใ™ใ€ใใ†ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€
01:58
I'm going to work.
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ไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€toใจใ„ใ†
02:00
Because here to, well, did you know the word to
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ๅ˜่ชžใซใฏ
02:05
has two pronunciations?
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2ใคใฎ็™บ้ŸณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฎ
02:08
It can be to, which is the strong form
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ๅผทใ„ๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ to ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
02:12
when we stress the word, but it can also be tuh.
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ใŒใ€tuh ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:17
And we call this the weak form, tuh,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅผฑๅฝขใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€
02:20
which is when the word is unstressed.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜่ชžใซๅผทๅ‹ขใŒใ‹ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚
02:23
And that is 90% of the time.
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏ90๏ผ…ใฎ็ขบ็Ž‡ใง่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:26
Most of the time we say tuh, because it's not stressed.
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€Œใพใ‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:31
"I'm going tuh work." That's what you would actually hear.
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ใ€Œไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:36
Once you know that, ha-ha, things start to change,
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใฏใฏใฏใ€ ็‰ฉไบ‹ใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šๅง‹ใ‚ใ€
02:41
your expectations start to change.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆœŸๅพ…ใ‚‚ๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:44
Now, here's the secret.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใใฎ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใ‚’ใ”็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:46
There are around 40 words, more or less,
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02:50
in English that have both a weak form and a strong form,
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่‹ฑ่ชžใซใฏ ๅผฑๅฝขใจๅผทๅฝขใ€
02:55
both forms, and these will include some verbs, pronouns,
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ไธกๆ–นใฎๅฝขใ‚’ๆŒใคๅ˜่ชžใŒๅคšใ‹ใ‚Œๅฐ‘ใชใ‹ใ‚Œ็ด„ 40 ๅ€‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใฏ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ไปฃๅ่ฉžใ€
02:59
prepositions, conjunctions, and even articles.
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใ€ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใฏๅ† ่ฉžใ‚‚ๅซใพใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใง
03:04
The other words that are normally stressed
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้€šๅธธๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใใฎไป–ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€
03:06
in English are the big words.
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ใƒ“ใƒƒใ‚ฐใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:08
Your nouns, adjectives, adverbs, most verbs,
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ๅ่ฉžใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ€ ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ€
03:12
these are stressed.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
03:13
The key thing here, right, is that these 40 words
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ใ“ใ“ใง้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 40 ๅ€‹ใฎ
03:19
that can be weak or strong
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ๅผฑใ„ใพใŸใฏๅผทใ„ๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€
03:21
are some of the most frequently-used words in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆœ€ใ‚‚้ ป็นใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:26
We use them all the time, and if you know the weak form,
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็งใŸใกใฏๅธธใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใŒ
03:29
when it's unstressed, and the strong form,
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ใ‹ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใใฎๅผฑใ„ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใจใ€
03:31
when it's stressed, then this is gonna help improve
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ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใŒใ‹ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฎๅผทใ„ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ๅŠ‡็š„ใซ ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™
03:35
your listening skills dramatically.
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ใ€‚
03:39
It's all connected with understanding
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆใ€
03:41
and being able to hear stressed words and unstressed words.
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ๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ ่จ€่‘‰ใจๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใ€่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:45
When I started teaching this to my students
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03:47
years ago when I began teaching,
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ไฝ•ๅนดใ‚‚ๅ‰ใ€็งใŒๆ•™ใˆๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใจใใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใซๆ•™ใˆๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใจใใ€
03:50
it was an absolute game changer.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็ตถๅฏพ็š„ใชใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใƒใ‚งใƒณใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:53
So as I said, there are lots of words,
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ๅ…ˆใปใฉใ‚‚่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
03:55
but in this video, I'm gonna focus on eight
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ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏใ€
03:58
of the most common words, the weak and the strong form,
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช 8 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ€ ๅผฑใ„ๅฝขใจๅผทใ„ๅฝขใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใ€ใใฎ
04:02
and to help you hear the difference
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้•ใ„ใจใ€ๅผฑใ„ๅฝขใ‚„ๅผทใ„ๅฝขใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:03
and when to expect the weak or the strong form.
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ๅŠ›ๅผทใ„ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒซใƒ ใ€‚
04:07
It's really gonna, boom, boost your listening skills.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:11
Are you ready? (chuckles) Let's do it.
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใŸใ‹๏ผŸ (็ฌ‘ใ„) ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:14
(icon whooshes)
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(ใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚ณใƒณใŒใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใƒƒใจใ„ใ†้Ÿณ)
04:18
Okay, let's begin with the first word, you.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ€‚
04:22
We use this all the time. Look at this phrase.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:24
What do you expect to hear?
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ไฝ•ใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
04:31
Maybe, "You look great."
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ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€
04:34
We're emphasizing every word and that's possible.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ€‚
04:38
However, most of the time we would say, "You look great.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
04:43
You look great."
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:45
Because the weak form of you is yuh, yuh.
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ใ ใฃใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅผฑใ„ๅงฟใฏใ€ใ†ใ‚“ใ€ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:50
And we're not stressing it. We're stressing look great.
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ่ฆ‹ๆ „ใˆใ‚’้‡่ฆ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:53
"You look great."
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"ๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใใ†ใ ใญใ€‚"
04:56
The thing is, don't try to hear the yuh sound.
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้‡่ฆใชใฎใฏใ€ใ€Œ ใ†ใƒผใ€ใจใ„ใ†้Ÿณใ‚’่žใ“ใ†ใจใ—ใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
05:01
Focus on the stressed word.
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ๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅ˜่ชžใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚
05:05
For example, "You look great, you look amazing,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€
05:09
you look bored."
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้€€ๅฑˆใใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
05:11
Can you hear the stress on the adjectives?
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฎๅผทๅ‹ขใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:15
That's where you should focus.
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ใใ“ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
05:16
But be aware, therefore, you
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€
05:20
is the weak form 'cause it's unstressed.
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ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใŒใ‹ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅผฑใ„ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:23
Number two, are.
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2็•ช็›ฎใฏใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:26
Look at this phrase. What do you expect to hear?
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ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‚’ ่žใใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
05:32
Now, probably we don't say, "Are they here?"
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ็งใŸใกใฏ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:36
again, stressing every word.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:38
Probably we would say, "Are they here?
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใ็งใŸใกใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:42
Are they here?"
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:44
So the weak form of ah, unstressed is ah, ah,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ ๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใฎๅผฑๅฝขใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€
05:48
the schwa sound.
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ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏ้Ÿณใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:49
"Are they here?"
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"ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ"
05:51
So again, don't try and listen to the uh,
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€
05:54
focus on the stressed word.
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ๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅ˜่ชžใซ้›†ไธญใ—ใฆใ€่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ“ใ†ใจใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:56
"Are they here? Are they ready?
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:59
Are they late?"
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้…ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
06:01
Got it? Next one.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๆฌกใฎใ€‚
06:04
The next word, do.
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ๆฌกใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€ŒๅฎŸ่กŒใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:07
Now look at this phrase.
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:09
Tell me, what do you expect to hear?
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ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:14
"Do they know?"
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
06:16
That's right because do, in the weak unstressed form,
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ใใ‚Œใฏใใฎ้€šใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅผท ๅ‹ขใฎใชใ„ๅผฑใ„ๅฝขใฎ do ใฏใ€
06:20
is duh, duh.
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ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šๅ‰ใฎใ“ใจใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:22
"Do they know?"
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
06:24
Now remember, just before we looked at the word you,
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ€Œ youใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹็›ดๅ‰ใซใ€ใ€Œ
06:27
can be yuh.
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yuhใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:29
So what do you expect to hear now?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ไปŠไฝ•ใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:35
"Do you know?"
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"ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ"
06:37
Can you hear that? "Duh yuh know."
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่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šๅ‰ใ ใ€็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ€
06:42
Stress on the know. "Do you know?"
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็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ†ใกใซใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€‚ "ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ"
06:46
Right, for example, "Do you know his name?
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
06:49
Do you know his name?"
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ๅฝผใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€
06:52
Okay, now do notice that we can emphasize the do or the you,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ do ใพใŸใฏ you ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:58
but that will change the meaning a little bit, right?
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ?
07:02
So if we say, "Do you know?" just means, do you know, right?
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ใใ“ใงใ€ใ€Œ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏใ€Œ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸใ€
07:08
(chuckles) "Do you know," that means I don't know.
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๏ผˆ็ฌ‘ใ„๏ผ‰ใ€Œ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใ€ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็งใฏ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
07:12
"And what about you? Do you know, do you know?"
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ใ€Œใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
07:17
Can you hear? "Do you know, do you know?"
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่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ‚‹ใ€็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ‚‹๏ผŸใ€
07:22
Emphasizing the do, strong form.
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ใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใ€ๅŠ›ๅผทใ„ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒซใƒ ใ€‚
07:25
"Do you know?
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ใ€Œ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ‚‹๏ผŸ
07:26
Really? I don't believe you."
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ๆœฌๅฝ“๏ผŸไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ€
07:29
That's what I mean.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:30
"Do you know know? I don't believe you know?"
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ใ€Œ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใฏๆ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ๏ผŸใ€
07:36
Okay, so when you hear the strong form, the stressed word,
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ ๅผทใ„ๅฝขใ‚„ๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่žใใจใ€
07:40
there may be a slightly different meaning,
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ๅฐ‘ใ—็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
07:42
but most of the time, as I said, 90% of the time
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ใŒใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ…ˆใปใฉใ‚‚ ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€90% ใฎ็ขบ็Ž‡ใง
07:46
do and you will be unstressed.
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ใใ†ใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฏๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:50
"Do you know?"
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"ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ"
07:52
Next, this is a simple one,
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜็ด”ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€่ƒฝๅŠ›ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹
07:54
it's a very common modal verb about ability.
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้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆณ• ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
07:57
The strong form is can,
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ๅผทใ„ๅฝขใฏใ€Œcanใ€ใ€
08:00
and the weak unstressed form is kun, kun.
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ๅผฑใ„ๅŠ›ใฎใชใ„ๅฝขใฏใ€Œkun, kunใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:05
So when we ask questions, actually, we say, "Can you swim?
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่ณชๅ•ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€Œๆณณใ’ใพใ™ใ‹?
08:10
Can you swim?"
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ๆณณใ’ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใพใ™ใ€‚
08:13
Notice, "Kun yuh swim?" Stress on the swim.
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ๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฏใƒณใƒฆใƒผใฏๆณณใŽใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ๆฐดๆณณใงใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ€‚
08:17
"Can you swim?"
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"ๆณณใ’ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ" ใพใ‚‹ใง
08:19
It's almost like we're eating it.
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้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใ ใ€‚
08:22
We've swallowed the can and the U, right?
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็ผถใจUๅญ—ใ‚’้ฃฒใฟ่พผใ‚“ใงใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
08:25
"Can you swim? I can swim.
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ใ€Œๆณณใ’ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸๆณณใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:28
I can swim a little. I can swim a bit.
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆณณใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆณณใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆณณใ’
08:31
I can swim, I can, I can swim.
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ใพใ™ใ€ๆณณใ’ใพใ™ใ€ๆณณใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:35
I can swim a bit."
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆณณใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
08:38
Of course, pronunciation and listening are tied in,
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็™บ้Ÿณ ใจใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใฏๅฏ†ๆŽฅใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
08:41
but our focus here is just to get
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ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใง็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ
08:44
the listening skills improved, right?
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ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใฎใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
08:46
Good. "Can you speak English?"
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่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚ "ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ›ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ"
08:51
Nice. Next one.
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ใƒ‹ใƒผใ‚นใ€‚ ๆฌกใฎใ€‚
08:54
Okay, here, what time is it?
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ใฏใ„ใ€ไปŠไฝ•ๆ™‚ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:58
"It's 5 to 2," tuh 2.
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ใ€Œ5 ๅฏพ 2 ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ†ใงใ™ใญ 2ใ€‚
09:03
Because the T-O here is not stressed.
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ“ใฎ T-O ใฏใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:05
It's the weak form tuh, tuh.
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ๅผฑใ„ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ ใ‚ˆใ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ€‚
09:09
Again, it uses the schwa.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:11
Most weak forms use the schwa.
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅผฑใ„ๅฝขๅผใฏใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:14
"It's 5 to 2." That's what you should be listening for.
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ใ€Œ5ๅฏพ2ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่€ณใ‚’ๅ‚พใ‘ใ‚‹ในใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
09:19
Now, remember, everything we've said so far,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใพใง่ฟฐในใฆใใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:22
look at this phrase.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:24
What do you expect to hear?
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ไฝ•ใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
09:31
"Do you want to go?"
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"ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่กŒใโ€‹โ€‹ใŸใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ"
09:33
Duh yuh want tuh go?
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ใใ†ใ ใญใ€่กŒใใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:38
"Do you want to go?"
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"ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่กŒใโ€‹โ€‹ใŸใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ"
09:40
Right, again, notice we can change the stress,
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฏๅค‰ๆ›ดใงใใพใ™
09:44
but the meaning will change a little bit.
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ใŒใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:46
So generally I would say, you know,
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใฏใ€
09:48
"I'm going to the cinema, do you want to go?
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๆ˜ ็”ป้คจใซ่กŒใใ‘ใฉใ€ ่กŒใใŸใ„๏ผŸ
09:51
Do you want to go? I don't want to go to the cinema.
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่กŒใใŸใ„๏ผŸ็งใฏ ๆ˜ ็”ป้คจใซ่กŒใใŸใใชใ„ใ€‚
09:56
Do you want to go," stressing the you.
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่กŒใใŸใ„๏ผŸใ€ใจๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใ€‚
09:59
Or, "Do you want to go? Really?
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ่กŒใใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹? ๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใ™ใ‹?
10:05
I mean, you say yes, but I'm not sure I believe you.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚คใ‚จใ‚นใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:07
Do you want to go?" stressing the do, okay,
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่กŒใใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€
10:12
using the strong form.
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ๅผทใ„ๅฝขๅผใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€do ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:14
Right, excellent. Good.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
10:15
Next one, one of my favorite words, for,
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ๆฌกใฏใ€็งใฎๅฅฝใใช่จ€่‘‰ใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚F
10:20
sounds like four, F-O-R.
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-O-R ใจใ„ใ† 4 ใคใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
10:23
Look at this phrase. What do you expect to hear?
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ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‚’ ่žใใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
10:30
"This is for you. This is for you."
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
10:35
We are stressing the you, so that's strong.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅผทใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
10:38
But the four is unstressed, so we use the weak form.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€4 ใคใฏๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅผฑใ„ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:43
Again, the lovely schwa is here.
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ใพใŸใพใŸใ€็ด ๆ•ตใชใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใŒ็™ปๅ ดใงใ™ใ€‚
10:46
Fuh, fuh, fuh.
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ใตใƒผใ€ใตใƒผใ€ใตใƒผใ€‚
10:49
"This is for you.
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
10:51
Okay, great. This is fuh me.
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ๅˆ†ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใตใƒผใ‚“ใ€็งใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏ
10:54
It's fuh you, it's fuh me,
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ใตใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใตใƒผใ€็งใ€
10:57
it's fuh him, fuh, fuh.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใตใƒผใ€ๅฝผใ€ใตใƒผใ€ใตใƒผใ€‚
10:59
So easy to do and easy to pick up on.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ€็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™
11:03
Again, remember, you are not trying
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ใŒใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅŠชๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ ๅผท่ชฟใ•
11:05
to hear the unstressed fuh.
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11:08
Your focus is on the stressed word after it.
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ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่žใใŸใ‚ใซใ€
11:12
It's fuh me, it's fuh him, it's fuh her.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใงใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผใงใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผๅฅณใงใ™ใ€
11:15
Boom. Great, next one.
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11:18
Here is one of the most popular English dishes. (chuckles)
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœ€ใ‚‚ไบบๆฐ—ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ–™็†ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:22
And it is...
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11:25
Well, I'll tell you what it's not.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
11:27
It's not fish and chips. (chuckles) It's fish un chips.
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ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใƒปใ‚ขใƒณใƒ‰ใƒปใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚นใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ๏ผˆ็ฌ‘ใ„๏ผ‰ใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใƒปใ‚ขใƒณใƒปใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
11:32
Here, the and is not stressed.
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11:36
It's a weak form, un, un.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅผฑใ„ๅฝขๅผใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ขใƒณใ€ใ‚ขใƒณใƒป
11:40
Fish un chips. Fish un chips.
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ใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅ ใ‚ขใƒณ ใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚น
11:44
And because we use this and so much,
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ใชใฉใ€
11:47
especially with two nouns or two adjectives,
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็‰นใซ 2 ใคใฎ ๅ่ฉžใ‚„ 2 ใคใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
11:51
you're gonna be listening for the un.
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11:54
So for example, you and, you and me,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใจ็งใ€
11:59
you un me, you un me.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใจ็งใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:02
"She's tall and beautiful. She's tall and beautiful."
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใใฆ็พŽใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใใฆ็พŽใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ
12:07
Let me slow it down.
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ใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Šใ•ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:09
She's tall un beautiful. She's tall un beautiful."
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใใฆ็พŽใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใใฆ็พŽใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
12:16
Focus on the stress words,
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ๅผทๅ‹ขใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใพใ™
12:18
but be aware of the unstressed un.
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ใŒใ€ๅผทๅ‹ขใฎใชใ„ใ€Œunใ€ใซใ‚‚ๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:22
Next one, last but not least is ah, ah,
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ๆฌกใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€
12:28
which, when it's unstressed is just the schwa.
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ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใŒใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ใŸใ ใฎใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใงใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:31
Uh, uh, uh. (chuckles)
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ใˆใƒผใ€ใˆใƒผใ€ใˆใƒผใ€‚ ๏ผˆ็ฌ‘ใ„๏ผ‰
12:35
"I'm uh teacher," right?
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
12:38
So you're not gonna hear people say, "I'm a teacher.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ไบบใ€…ใŒใ€Œ็งใฏๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใ™ใ€‚
12:41
I'm uh teacher, uh teacher, uh doctor.
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็งใฏใ€ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ€ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ€ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ€ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใ™ใ€‚
12:45
She's uh doctor."
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:46
You can hear the stress on the doctor.
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ๅŒปๅธซใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฎๅฃฐใŒ่žใ“ใˆใฆใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:48
"She's uh doctor. He's uh banker."
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ใ€ŒๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅŒป่€…ใงใ™ใ€‚ๅฝผใฏ้Š€่กŒๅฎถใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
12:53
But just be aware, the ah, weak form,
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅผฑใ„ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ€
12:56
unstressed, uh, schwa.
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ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฎใชใ„ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใ€‚
12:59
Naked, there it is. (chuckles)
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่ฃธใ€ใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ (็ฌ‘ใ„)
13:02
There you are, eight weak forms, the most common words
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8 ใคใฎๅผฑๅฝขใฏ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
13:06
that you are using in English, helping you be aware
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13:10
that we usually use the weak form when it's unstressed.
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ๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใใซ้€šๅธธใ€ๅผฑๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟโ€‹โ€‹็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
13:14
Get your focus on the stressed word,
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ๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅ˜่ชžใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใพใ™
13:16
but be aware of these weak forms.
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ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅผฑใ„ๅฝขๅผใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:19
At a later stage, you can start using these
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ๅพŒใฎๆฎต้šŽใงใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’
13:21
in your pronunciation to sound like a native speaker
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็™บ้Ÿณใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผ
13:25
or a proficient speaker.
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ใพใŸใฏ็†Ÿ็ทดใ—ใŸใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:27
But today, just start being aware of them
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ใงใ‚‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใ‹ใ‚‰ใฏใ€
13:30
as you listen to English, and notice.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่žใใชใŒใ‚‰ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆ„่ญ˜ใ—ใฆใ€ๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:35
Listen and notice.
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่žใ„ใฆๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:38
Oh, next I've got a couple of tips to help you
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๆฌกใซใ€
13:41
with your general listening skills.
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹ใ”็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:43
(icon whooshes)
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(ใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚ณใƒณใŒใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใƒƒใจใ„ใ†้Ÿณ)
13:46
Okay, tip number one, focus on gist.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใใฎ 1ใ€่ฆ็‚นใซ้›†ไธญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:50
Gist. What on earth is gist?
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่ฆๆ—จใ€‚ ่ฆ็‚นใจใฏไธ€ไฝ“ไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
13:52
Gist means the general meaning.
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Gist ใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:56
The overall meaning, right?
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ๅ…จไฝ“็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏใใ†ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
13:58
So when you're listening to English on a film,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ๆ˜ ็”ปใ€
14:01
conversation, podcast, don't try to understand
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ไผš่ฉฑใ€ใƒใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚นใƒˆใง่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚„ใ™ในใฆใฎ่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’ ็†่งฃใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
14:04
every word or every detail.
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ใ€‚ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’
14:07
Focus on understanding the general meaning.
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็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ้‡็‚นใ‚’็ฝฎใใพใ™ ใ€‚
14:11
Listen for the stressed words, dum, dum, dum.
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ๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ ๅ˜่ชžใ€ใƒ€ใƒ ใ€ใƒ€ใƒ ใ€ใƒ€ใƒ ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅ่žใ„ใŸ8ใคใฎๅผฑใ„ๅฝขๅผใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ€ๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚Œ
14:15
Be aware of the unstressed words,
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ใฆใ„ใชใ„่จ€่‘‰ใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
14:17
like the eight weak forms we've listened to today.
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ใ€‚
14:22
But just focus on getting the overall meaning.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ ๅ…จไฝ“็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ้›†ไธญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:25
Later, you can go back if you want and analyze the text,
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ๅพŒใง ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆๆˆปใฃใฆใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๅˆ†ๆžใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
14:29
but always try and get the overall meaning.
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ใŒใ€ๅธธใซ ๅ…จไฝ“็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅŠชใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:32
Focus on the gist.
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่ฆ็‚นใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚
14:34
Tip number two is to do what I call meditation listening.
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ใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใใฎ 2 ใฏใ€ ็งใŒ็ž‘ๆƒณใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
14:39
Now, if you've ever done meditation,
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ใ•ใฆใ€็ž‘ๆƒณใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€
14:41
basically you close your eyes, you relax,
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏ็›ฎใ‚’้–‰ใ˜ใฆใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใ€
14:45
and first you're just gonna listen to the sounds around you.
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ใพใš ๅ‘จใ‚Šใฎ้Ÿณใซ่€ณใ‚’ๅ‚พใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:49
(birds chirping)
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๏ผˆ้ณฅใฎใ•ใˆใšใ‚Š๏ผ‰
14:51
And I can hear my computer humming and the birds singing.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใฎ ใƒใƒŸใƒณใ‚ฐใจ้ณฅใฎใ•ใˆใšใ‚ŠใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
14:57
And then you play something in English,
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ใใ—ใฆ็›ฎใ‚’้–‰ใ˜ใฆ่‹ฑ่ชžใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆผ”ๅฅใ—ใ€
15:00
eyes closed, and you just focus on the sound.
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ใŸใ ้Ÿณใซ้›†ไธญใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:04
Don't worry too much about the meaning,
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆฐ—ใซใ›ใšใ€
15:05
just listen to the sounds.
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้Ÿณใ ใ‘ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:07
And because you are in the moment,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไปŠใ“ใฎ็žฌ้–“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
15:10
now you're totally focused on the sounds,
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้ŸณใซๅฎŒๅ…จใซ้›†ไธญใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
15:14
and you'll start to hear the rhythm,
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ใƒชใ‚บใƒ ใ€
15:17
the stress, the weak forms.
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ๅผทๅผฑใ€ๅผฑใ„ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใŒ่žใ“ใˆๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎใ“ใจ
15:19
You'll start to notice all of these things.
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ใซๆฐ—ใฅใๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
15:22
Just do it for a minute or two minutes,
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1 ๅˆ†ใ‹ 2 ๅˆ†ใ€
15:24
or as long as you like.
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ใพใŸใฏๅฅฝใใชใ ใ‘็ถšใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:26
And your goal is just to relax and hear the sounds.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็›ฎๆจ™ใฏใŸใ  ใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใฆ้Ÿณใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ™ในใฆใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’
15:31
Don't worry about understanding everything.
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ๅฟƒ้…ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
15:34
Remember tip number one.
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ใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใใฎ 1 ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:37
Have a go. Try it with anything.
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ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใงใ‚‚่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:39
Podcasts are very, very good.
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ใƒใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚นใƒˆใฏ้žๅธธใซๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:41
If you like, I have actually some,
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€็งใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ผใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒ
15:44
what I call visualizations,
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ใ€
15:46
which is perfect for meditation listening.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ž‘ๆƒณใ—ใฆ่ดใใฎใซๆœ€้ฉใงใ™ใ€‚
15:49
They're on my website in the vocabulary vault,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็งใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใฎ ่ชžๅฝ™ไฟ็ฎกๅบซ (ใ‹ใคใฆใฏ
15:53
which used to be called the library.
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ๅ›ณๆ›ธ้คจใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ) ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:55
And they are just me talking you through a meditation.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็งใŒ็ž‘ๆƒณใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ฉฑใ—ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ ใ€‚
15:58
You can hear the sounds, improve your vocabulary.
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้Ÿณใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€ ่ชžๅฝ™ๅŠ›ใ‚‚ๅ‘ไธŠใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:01
They are awesome, even if I say so myself.
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใง่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚‚ใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ™ใ”ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:06
There's a link below you can click.
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ไธ‹ใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:08
Go to the website, check it out if you want.
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ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใ€ ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:12
That's it. (image whooshes)
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ใใ‚ŒใงใŠใ—ใพใ„ใ€‚ (ใ‚คใƒกใƒผใ‚ธใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใƒƒใจใ„ใ†้Ÿณ) ใ“ใ‚Œใง
16:13
So there you have it,
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ใ€
16:15
the secret to advanced listening skills,
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้ซ˜ๅบฆใชใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใฎ็ง˜่จฃใ€
16:17
these eight weak forms.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 8 ใคใฎๅผฑใ„ๅฝขๅผใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
16:20
Remember, the important thing is not just knowing this,
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้‡่ฆใชใฎใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใชใใ€
16:24
it's doing, right?
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ๅฎŸ่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:27
So go and download the PDF, go through these again,
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PDF ใ‚’ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ—ใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ชญใ‚“ใง
16:30
remind yourselves, and start to listen
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใซๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ•ใ›ใ€่žใๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ€่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฎๅคšใ„ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ 
16:33
and start to notice the stress and the unstressed,
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ใจใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฎใชใ„ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ€
16:36
the strong and the weak forms as you are listening.
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ๅผทใ„ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใจๅผฑใ„ ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใซๆฐ—ใฅใๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:40
If you are a kind of a peaceful person,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ฉใ‚„ใ‹ใชไบบใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
16:42
go and try some meditation listenings as well.
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็ž‘ๆƒณใ‚’ ่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
16:45
There's a link below also to the vocabulary vault.
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ไปฅไธ‹ใซ ่ชžๅฝ™ไฟ็ฎกๅบซใธใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:48
You can check it out, and just practice listening.
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ใœใฒใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ€ ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚„ใ‚Œใฐ
16:53
The more you do it, the better you're going to get at it.
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ใ‚„ใ‚‹ใปใฉไธŠ้”ใ—ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ ใ€‚
16:57
If you've liked this video, gimme a Like, do subscribe,
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œ ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผใ€ใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใ€
17:00
and turn on notifications for future videos.
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ไปŠๅพŒใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎ้€š็Ÿฅใ‚’ใ‚ชใƒณใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
17:03
And thank you so much for listening to me today.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ็งใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
17:07
I look forward to seeing you in the next video.
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ๆฌกใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใŠไผšใ„ใงใใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:11
Take care, my friend. Speak to you soon.
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็งใฎๅ‹้”ใฎไธ–่ฉฑใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ™ใใซ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
17:14
Bye-bye. (upbeat music)
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ใƒใ‚คใƒใ‚คใ€‚ (้™ฝๆฐ—ใช้Ÿณๆฅฝ)
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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