10 Grammar Mistakes You Make When You Speak English

14,390 views ใƒป 2025-01-11

English Speaking Success


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
You've probably studied English grammar, hurray!
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€ใ‚„ใฃใŸใƒผ๏ผ
00:04
But you might still make these mistakes
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ™ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
00:07
when speaking English.
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ใ€‚
00:09
Today, let's fix that.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:11
(upbeat music)
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(ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒ“ใƒผใƒˆใฎ้Ÿณๆฅฝ)
00:22
Hello, it's Keith from the Keith Speaking Academy.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ ใ‚ญใƒผใ‚น ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒผใฎใ‚ญใƒผใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
00:24
Now, many teachers say,
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็พๅœจใ€ๅคšใใฎๆ•™ๅธซใŒ
00:26
"Listen, don't worry about the grammar,
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ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๆฐ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:29
the important thing is just communication."
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้‡่ฆใชใฎใฏ ใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:31
Hmm, partly true, yes and no.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€้ƒจๅˆ†็š„ใซใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ†ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
00:36
Too many grammar mistakes
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใŒๅคšใ™ใŽใ‚‹
00:38
and your communication breaks down.
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ใจใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ†ใพใใ„ใ‹ใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:41
Also, if you're taking IELTS
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ใพใŸใ€IELTS
00:43
and IELTS speaking in particular,
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ใ€็‰นใซIELTSใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ๅ—้จ“ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
00:46
using correct grammar is really important.
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ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
00:50
If you're making these grammar mistakes,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€
00:53
the examiner will lower your score.
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่ฉฆ้จ“ๅฎ˜ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็‚นๆ•ฐใ‚’ไธ‹ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:56
And I know, students say to me,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใŒ็งใซใ“ใ†่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:58
"I know, I know, I study this many time.
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:02
Present symbol, third person singular use s.
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็พๅœจๅฝขใ€ ไธ‰ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐใ€s ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ€‚
01:07
My teacher tell me many time."
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ๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
01:11
The problem is, you may know the grammar,
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ๅ•้กŒใฏใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใฆ
01:14
but you're not using it when you're speaking.
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ใ‚‚ใ€่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚
01:17
So today, let's look at
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ใใ“ใงไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€
01:18
10 common, small, noticeable mistakes
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ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฐใ•ใชใ€็›ฎ็ซ‹ใค้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ 10 ๅ€‹ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’
01:22
and let me show you how to fix them.
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ใ€ใใฎไฟฎๆญฃๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:25
Let's do it.
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ใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:30
Right, mistake number one.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€้–“้•ใ„ใใฎ1ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:31
Let's see if you can spot it.
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่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:34
- I have a brother who live in Manchester
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- ็งใซใฏใƒžใƒณใƒใ‚งใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ๅ…„ใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:36
and he's older than me and he work in a bank.
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ๅฝผใฏ็งใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๅนดไธŠใง ใ€้Š€่กŒใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:40
- Right, did you spot it?
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- ใใ†ใ ใญใ€ๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใŸ๏ผŸ
01:43
So this is what they said,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
01:48
and this is what they should have said.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ†ในใใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:52
"I have a brother who lives in Manchester
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ใ€Œใƒžใƒณใƒใ‚งใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ๅ…„ใŒใ„ใฆ
01:56
and he's older than me
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ใ€ๅ…„ใฏ็งใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๅนดไธŠใง
01:57
and he works in a bank," okay?
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ใ€้Š€่กŒใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:02
It's the present simple tense, third person, he/she.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจ ๅฝขใ€ไธ‰ไบบ็งฐใ€ๅฝผ/ๅฝผๅฅณใงใ™ใ€‚
02:06
And it takes s or es.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€s ใพใŸใฏ es ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
02:10
The problem is a lot of students don't pronounce it,
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ๅ•้กŒใฏใ€ๅคšใใฎ ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Š
02:14
and it's a big mistake.
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅคงใใช้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:15
It really will be very noticeable to the IELTS examiner
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ IELTS ใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ๅฎ˜ใซ้žๅธธใซ็›ฎ็ซ‹ใก
02:19
and bring your score down.
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ใ€ใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ไธ‹ใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:21
How do you fix it?
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ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ็›ดใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:22
Very simple.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
02:23
When you're practicing alone,
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ไธ€ไบบใง็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€
02:25
over-exaggerate the s sound, right?
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sใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅคงใ’ใ•ใซ่จ€ใ„้ŽใŽใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
02:29
Many students just go, "He works, he plays,"
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ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใฏใŸใ  ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅƒใใ€ๅฝผใฏ้Šใณใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘
02:33
and you can't hear the s.
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ใงใ€s ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏ่žใๅ–ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:35
So do this.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ†ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:36
He worksss.
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ๅฝผใฏๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ
02:39
Keep it going for two or three seconds,
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ใ€2ใ€3 ็ง’้–“็ถšใ‘ใพใ™
02:42
when you're practicing.
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ใ€‚
02:43
He playsss in a band,
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ๅฝผใฏใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใงๆผ”ๅฅใ—ใ€
02:46
he worksss in a bank,
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้Š€่กŒใงๅƒใใ€
02:49
he watchesss television too much.
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ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆณใ™ใŽใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:54
Okay, practice like that.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅฎถๆ—
02:55
Just think of somebody in your family and describe them,
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ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๆตฎใ‹ในใฆ ใ€ใใฎไบบใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€
02:59
practicing this long s.
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ใ“ใฎ้•ทใ„ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:02
The other thing to do
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€
03:03
is if the next word begins with a vowel,
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ๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒๆฏ้Ÿณใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
03:06
we native speakers will often link it.
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใคใชใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:09
And that's where you notice the s.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ“ใซ s ใŒ็›ฎใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:11
He worksss in a bank, s-in a bank,
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ๅฝผใฏ้Š€่กŒใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€้Š€่กŒใงใ€
03:16
he works in a bank.
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ๅฝผใฏ้Š€่กŒใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:18
He worksss alone, s-alone.
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ๅฝผใฏไธ€ไบบใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:22
He works on Saturdays, s-on Saturdays.
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ๅฝผใฏๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใ‚‚ๅƒใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใ‚‚ใ€‚
03:27
He works on Saturdays.
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ๅฝผใฏๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใ‚‚ๅƒใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:29
So making that link also shows the world and the examiner
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ไธ–็•Œใจ่ฉฆ้จ“ๅฎ˜ใซใ€
03:33
that you are pronouncing the s.
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s ใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:36
Practice like this and you'll make big progress,
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’
03:39
not only knowing the grammar, but using it,
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็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใ ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงๅคงใใช้€ฒๆญฉใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œ
03:42
and that is how you get a better score
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ใ€IELTS ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใงใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
03:44
in your IELTS speaking.
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ใ€‚
03:45
Let's move on.
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ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:50
Right, here is mistake number two.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ2็•ช็›ฎใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:52
Let's see if you can spot it.
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่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:54
- Yesterday, I went to visit my friend in London.
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- ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€ ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซใ„ใ‚‹ๅ‹้”ใ‚’่จชใญใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:57
I leave at six in the morning, take the train
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ๆœ6ๆ™‚ใซๅ‡บ็™บใ—ใฆ ้›ป่ปŠใซไน—ใฃใฆ
04:00
and arrived around 9:00 a.m..
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9ๆ™‚้ ƒใซๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:03
- Right, did you spot it?
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- ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
04:06
Okay, so this is what they said,
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Š
04:12
and this is what they should have said.
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่จ€ใ†ในใใ ใฃใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
04:15
"Yesterday, I went to visit my friend in London.
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ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€ ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใฎๅ‹ไบบใ‚’่จชใญใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:19
I left at six in the morning,
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ๆœ 6 ๆ™‚ใซๅ‡บ็™บใ—ใ€
04:22
took the train and arrived around 9:00 a.m.."
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้›ป่ปŠใซไน—ใฃใฆ ๅˆๅ‰ 9 ๆ™‚้ ƒใซๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
04:27
The problem is the person is mixing tenses.
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ๅ•้กŒใฏใ€ ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ๆททๅŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
04:31
They're going from the past to the present
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้ŽๅŽปใ‹ใ‚‰็พๅœจใธใ€
04:33
and back to the past.
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ใใ—ใฆใพใŸ้ŽๅŽปใธๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:34
And when you're telling a series of events like this,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชไธ€้€ฃใฎๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใ‚’่ชžใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝข
04:39
you need to stay in the past tense, simple as that.
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ใ‚’็ถญๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:43
Now, how do you fix this?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆไฟฎๆญฃใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
04:45
First of all, be really clear about how to pronounce
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ใพใšใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใฎ ็™บ้Ÿณๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซ็†่งฃใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
04:49
the past tense.
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ใ€‚
04:51
There are three sounds, right?
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้Ÿณใฏ3ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:52
It can be a duh as in played,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ played ใฎ duhใ€
04:56
it can be a tur as in cooked,
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cooked ใฎ turใ€
04:59
or it can be a id as in departed.
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departed ใฎ id ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใซใ‚‚ๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:04
There are three different sounds you need to practice.
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็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹้Ÿณใฏ 3 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:06
There's a video here giving you all the details.
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ใ“ใ“ใซ ใ™ในใฆใฎ่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:09
You can go and watch it later and practice.
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ๅพŒใง่ฆณใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:11
The other thing to do is to make a list of habits
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ไป–ใซใ‚„ใ‚‹ในใใ“ใจใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—
05:15
that you have and then transpose them into the past
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ใ€
05:19
using a time reference.
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ๆ™‚้–“ๅŸบๆบ–ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’้ŽๅŽปใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
05:22
For example, I have some habits.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใซใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:25
I play the violin, I cook on the weekends
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็งใฏใƒใ‚คใ‚ชใƒชใƒณใ‚’ๅผพใใ€้€ฑๆœซใซใฏๆ–™็†ใ‚’ใ—ใ€
05:29
and then I try, I put in the past with a timeframe.
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ใใ—ใฆๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ—ใ€ๆ™‚้–“ๆž ใ‚’่จญใ‘ใฆ้ŽๅŽปใซ็ฝฎใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:32
So I play the violin.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใƒใ‚คใ‚ชใƒชใƒณใ‚’ๅผพใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:34
I played the violin yesterday.
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ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏใƒใ‚คใ‚ชใƒชใƒณใ‚’ๅผพใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:38
I cook on the weekends.
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็งใฏ้€ฑๆœซใซๆ–™็†ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:40
I cooked last weekend and I made lasagna.
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ๅ…ˆ้€ฑๆœซใซๆ–™็†ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€ใƒฉใ‚ถใƒ‹ใ‚ขใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:46
Okay, so you're practicing it
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆ
05:48
and building sentences that are true about you.
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ใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใซใคใ„ใฆ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’็ต„ใฟ็ซ‹ใฆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
05:51
So first be clear about the pronunciation.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใพใš็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:53
Second practice transposing, like this.
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2 ๅ›ž็›ฎใฎ็งป่ชฟ็ทด็ฟ’ใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:57
Next mistake coming up.
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ๆฌกใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:03
Okay, mistake number three, see if you can spot it.
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ใ•ใฆใ€3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:07
- I like Santander more than London.
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- ็งใฏใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ฟใƒณใƒ‡ใƒผใƒซใฎๆ–นใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
06:09
It's more quiet and the weather is better.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้™ใ‹ใงใ€ๅคฉๆฐ—ใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:12
- All right, did you get it?
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- ใฏใ„ใ€ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
06:14
This is what they said,
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใฃใŸใ€
06:19
and what they should have said is this.
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ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่จ€ใ†ในใใ ใฃใŸใฎใฏใ“ใ†ใ ใ€‚
06:21
"I like Santander more than London,
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ฟใƒณใƒ‡ใƒผใƒซใฎๆ–นใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
06:25
it's quieter and the weather is better,"
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้™ใ‹ใงๅคฉๆฐ—ใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
06:29
not more quiet, it's quieter.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้™ใ‹ใงใฏใชใใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้™ใ‹ใ€‚
06:33
This is a mistake with comparatives.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆฏ”่ผƒ็ดšใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ 1 ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใง
06:36
When you're comparing two things with an adjective
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2 ใคใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
06:39
of one syllable, you add er,
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erใ€
06:43
quiet, quieter.
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quietใ€quieter ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:46
If the adjectives have two or three or more syllables,
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใŒ 2 ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ ใ€3 ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ‚’ๆŒใคๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
06:51
then you use more,
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moreใ€
06:52
more interesting, more beautiful, more economic.
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more interestingใ€more beautifulใ€more economic ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:56
But if it's one syllable, it's er, okay?
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€1้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใˆใƒผใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:01
So instead of tall, "Oh, it's more tall."
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใ‚“ใ ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ€‚
07:04
No, no, no, it's taller.
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ใ„ใ‚„ใ„ใ‚„ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจ้ซ˜ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚
07:06
"Oh, your car is fast,
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ปŠใฏ้€Ÿใ„ใงใ™
07:08
ah, but mine is more faster."
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ใญใ€ใงใ‚‚็งใฎ่ปŠใฎๆ–นใŒใ‚‚ใฃใจ้€Ÿใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ€
07:10
No, no, no, faster.
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ใ„ใ‚„ใ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ—ฉใใ€‚
07:12
"My car is faster."
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ใ€Œ็งใฎ่ปŠใฎๆ–นใŒ้€Ÿใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
07:14
How do you get round this?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆๅ›ž้ฟใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
07:16
It is a question of practice.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ่ทตใฎๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚
07:18
You can practice writing,
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ๆ›ธใ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
07:19
but I suggest practice speaking as well.
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ใŒใ€่ฉฑใ™็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:23
Let me give you a nice simple practice activity, okay?
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็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ„ใ„ ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ“ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:27
I want you to compare you with me.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใจ็งใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
07:31
Very simple, right?
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ใจใฆใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
07:32
Here are six adjectives.
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ใ“ใ“ใซ6ใคใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ƒŒใŒ
07:33
Tall, short, old, young, fat, slim
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้ซ˜ใ„ใ€ไฝŽใ„ใ€ๅนด่€ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€่‹ฅใ„ใ€ๅคชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€็—ฉใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
07:38
and just compare yourself.
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ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:40
For example, "I am taller than you
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใ
07:44
and you are shorter than me."
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ƒŒใŒไฝŽใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
07:47
I don't know that, but listen, I'm 1 meter 73,
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€็งใฎ่บซ้•ทใฏ1ใƒกใƒผใƒˆใƒซ73ใ‚ปใƒณใƒใงใ™
07:50
so you tell me.
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:52
I'm 57 years old and I'm pretty slim.
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็งใฏ57ๆญณใงใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚Šใ‚นใƒชใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:57
So anyway, practice some examples.
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:01
For the moment, let's look at the next mistake.
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ใจใ‚Šใ‚ใˆใšใ€ ๆฌกใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:08
Right, mistake number four, let's see if you can spot it.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€้–“้•ใ„ใฎ 4 ็•ช็›ฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:11
- I like living in a village more,
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- ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใจๆฏ”ในใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ“ใ“ใฏไบบใŒๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€็งใฏๆ‘ใงๆšฎใ‚‰ใ™ๆ–นใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™
08:13
because there are less people here,
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08:15
at least compared to London.
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ใ€‚
08:17
- Interesting.
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- ้ข็™ฝใ„ใ€‚
08:18
Me too, I like living in a village more.
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็งใ‚‚ใ€ๆ‘ใงๆšฎใ‚‰ใ™ๆ–นใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
08:22
So this is what they said,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
08:27
and this is what they should have said.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ†ในใใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:29
"I like living in a village more,
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ใ€Œๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซๆฏ”ในใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ“ใ“ใฏไบบใŒๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€็งใฏๆ‘ใงๆšฎใ‚‰ใ™ๆ–นใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™
08:31
because there are fewer people here,
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08:34
at least compared to London."
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ใ€‚ใ€
08:37
Not less people.
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ไบบใŒๆธ›ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚
08:38
Fewer people, because here we use less
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฐ‘ใชใ„ไบบๆ•ฐใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใงใฏไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใซ less ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
08:42
with uncountable nouns, right?
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:45
But if the noun like people is countable,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€people ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ่ฉžใŒๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
08:49
you can count people, right?
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people ใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
08:51
One person, two people, three people.
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ไธ€ไบบใ€ไบŒไบบใ€ไธ‰ไบบใ€‚
08:54
If you can count them, then it's fewer.
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ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:57
There are fewer people here, okay?
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ใ“ใ“ใฏไบบใŒๆธ›ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:01
So less with uncountable nouns
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
09:04
like water, air, coffee, traffic.
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ๆฐดใ€็ฉบๆฐ—ใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ€ไบค้€šใชใฉใฎไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใฏๅฐ‘ใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:09
You can't count them.
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ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:11
Fewer with countable nouns like people, cars, cups,
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ไบบใ€่ปŠใ€ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใ€
09:17
cups of coffee.
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ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใชใฉใฎๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅฐ‘ใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:19
You can count those, okay?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:22
So this is the key to correcting this mistake
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ“ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹้ตใฏใ€
09:24
is when you're practicing and thinking about it,
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็ทด็ฟ’ใ— ใชใŒใ‚‰่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€
09:27
just think, can I count this, right?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹ใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŠ
09:31
If it's rice, you can't count rice.
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็ฑณใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใŠ็ฑณใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:35
Ah, rice. two rice, no.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ”้ฃฏใ€‚ ็ฑณ2ๅ€‹ใ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ€‚ ็ฑณ
09:38
You can count grains of rice, but not rice,
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็ฒ’ใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใŒใ€็ฑณใฎ้‡ใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„
09:41
so it's less rice.
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ใฎใงใ€็ฑณใฎ้‡ใฏๅฐ‘ใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:43
But if you're counting grains of rice,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็ฑณ็ฒ’ใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€
09:45
then fewer grains of rice.
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็ฑณ็ฒ’ใฎๆ•ฐใฏๅฐ‘ใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:49
The other thing to do is generally memorize
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ไป–ใซใ‚„ใ‚‹ในใใ“ใจใฏใ€ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ
09:52
the most common confusions.
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆททไนฑใ‚’่จ˜ๆ†ถใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
09:54
And I think the three common ones are,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ…ฑ้€šใ™ใ‚‹ 3 ใคใฎ็‚นใฏใ€
09:57
it should be fewer people,
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ไบบๆ•ฐใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใ€
09:59
fewer cars, fewer tasks,
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่ปŠใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
10:03
because all of these are countable.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:06
If you solve this problem, you'll make fewer mistakes.
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ใ“ใฎๅ•้กŒใ‚’่งฃๆฑบใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ้–“้•ใ„ใŒๅฐ‘ใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:11
Got it?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:12
Let's move on.
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ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:16
Right, mistake number five, and this is a tricky one,
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€้–“้•ใ„ใฎ 5 ็•ช็›ฎ ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„
10:19
so listen very carefully, let's see.
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ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ˆใ่žใ„ใฆใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:22
- I don't know where is my book?
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- ็งใฎๆœฌใŒใฉใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:23
Can you help me?
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ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:25
- Did you get it?
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- ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
10:27
This is what they said, and what should they have said?
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใฃใŸใŒใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไฝ•ใจ่จ€ใ†ในใใ ใฃใŸใฎใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:34
"I don't know where my book is.
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ใ€Œ็งใฎๆœฌใŒใฉใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:37
Can you help me?"
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ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
10:39
Because it's an embedded question,
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅŸ‹ใ‚่พผใพใ‚ŒใŸ่ณชๅ•ใชใฎใงใ€
10:41
it's not a direct question.
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็›ดๆŽฅ็š„ใช่ณชๅ•ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:44
The direct question is, "Where is my book?"
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็›ดๆŽฅใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฏ ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎๆœฌใฏใฉใ“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:49
But if you have a phrase or a clause before that,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใใฎๅ‰ใซ
10:54
"I don't know where..."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใฉใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“...ใ€
10:55
"Do you know where..."
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹...ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚„็ฏ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
10:58
Then it changes to,
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ใใ‚Œใฏ
11:00
"I don't know where my book is."
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ใ€Œ็งใฎๆœฌใŒใฉใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใซๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:04
The subject comes before the verb.
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ไธป่ชžใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใซๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚
11:06
"My book," comes before, "Is,"
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ใ€Œ็งใฎๆœฌใฏใ€ใŒใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใฎๅ‰ใซๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚
11:09
"I don't know where my book is."
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ใ€Œ็งใฎๆœฌใŒใฉใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
11:12
"Do you know where my book is?"
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ใ€Œ็งใฎๆœฌใŒใฉใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
11:15
It's like an inversion, right, for embedded questions.
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ๅŸ‹ใ‚่พผใพใ‚ŒใŸ่ณชๅ•ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ่ปขใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
11:19
So there's no question mark,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็–‘ๅ•็ฌฆใฏไป˜ใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:21
'cause it's not really a question.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ็–‘ๅ•ใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅŸ‹ใ‚่พผใพใ‚ŒใŸ่ณชๅ•ใซใฏ
11:23
There are many kinds of embedded questions.
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ๅคšใใฎ็จฎ้กžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
11:25
The most common ones are,
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€
11:27
"I don't know where..."
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ใ€Œใฉใ“ใ ใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„...ใ€
11:30
"Do you know where..."
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ใ€Œใฉใ“ใ ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ‚‹...ใ€ใ€Œ
11:33
"I have no idea where..."
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ใฉใ“ใ ใ‹ๅ…จใๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„...ใ€ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
11:36
Okay, of course, you can use this with any question word.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ‚“ใช็–‘ๅ•่ฉžใงใ‚‚ไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
11:39
Where, how, when, what?
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ใฉใ“ใงใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ„ใคใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’๏ผŸ
11:42
Okay, how do you fix this?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ็›ดใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:44
I think the best thing you can do
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ไธ€็•ชใ„ใ„ใฎใฏ
11:45
is to practice transposing.
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็งป่ชฟใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:48
So take a question word, like where, and just make a list,
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ใใ“ใงใ€ใ€Œwhereใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็–‘ๅ•่ฉžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใฆ ใ€
11:52
three or four questions.
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3ใคใ‹4ใคใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:53
Ask yourself the question, where is the shop?
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่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซๅ•ใ„ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใฎใŠๅบ—ใฏใฉใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
11:56
Where is my book?
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็งใฎๆœฌใฏใฉใ“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:57
Where is the bank?
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้Š€่กŒใฏใฉใ“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:00
And then transpose asking someone,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซ
12:03
"Do you know where the bank is?"
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ใ€Œ้Š€่กŒใŒใฉใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:06
"Do you know where my book is?"
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ใ€Œ็งใฎๆœฌใŒใฉใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใงใฏ
12:09
Okay, practice that transposing
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ใ€่ปข็ฝฎใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐ
12:12
and it'll get, it'll start to hard-wire your brain
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ใ€
12:16
to get it right.
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ๆญฃใ—ใ่ปข็ฝฎใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่„ณใŒๅ›บๅฎšๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚Œๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:17
Practice with different question words.
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็–‘ๅ•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:19
How, when, why, what, and so on.
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ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ„ใคใ€ใชใœใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ€ใชใฉใ€‚
12:23
Great, let's move on.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ๆฌกใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:29
Now we've said that grammar is important,
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฏ้‡่ฆใ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
12:31
it's important for communication and for IELTS, right?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใจใฃใฆ ใ‚‚ IELTS ใซใจใฃใฆใ‚‚้‡่ฆใงใ™ใญใ€‚
12:35
But here's another very good question for you
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎ้žๅธธใซ ่‰ฏใ„่ณชๅ•ใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซๆญฃใ—ใไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€
12:37
is how can you study grammar in such a way
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ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™
12:41
so that when you speak English, you use it correctly, right?
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ใ€‚
12:45
How can you automate your grammar?
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’่‡ชๅ‹•ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
12:47
And I think one way to do that
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎŸ็พใ™ใ‚‹ไธ€ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€
12:49
is to make the study and practice together into one thing.
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ๅ‹‰ๅผทใจ ๅฎŸ่ทตใ‚’ไธ€ใคใซใพใจใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใจ็งใฏๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:55
And I invented a thing years ago called the fluency gym.
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏไฝ•ๅนดใ‚‚ ๅ‰ใซใ€Œๆตๆšขใ•ใ‚ธใƒ ใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็™บๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:59
And the fluency gym
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12:59
is like where you're developing your muscles,
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ๆตๆšขใ•ใฎใ‚ธใƒ ใฏใ€
็ญ‹่‚‰ใ€
13:02
your grammar muscles and your mouth muscles,
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎ็ญ‹่‚‰ ใ€ๅฃใฎ็ญ‹่‚‰ใ‚’้›ใˆใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
13:05
so that you are speaking cognitive and physical
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ ่ช็Ÿฅ็š„ใ‹ใค่บซไฝ“็š„
13:08
at the same time.
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ใซๅŒๆ™‚ใซ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:10
You can check it out here.
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ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚‰็ขบ่ชใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ไป•็ต„ใฟใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹
13:11
There's a free video here that shows how it works.
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็„กๆ–™ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
13:15
And if you like it, go and practice more.
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ใใ—ใฆๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:17
I've actually got a whole course based on this
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€็งใฏ ใ“ใ‚ŒใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใŸใ€Œ
13:19
called the Fluent Grammar course.
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Fluent Grammar ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:21
There's a link down below.
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ไธ‹ใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:22
You can check it out and if you like it, go and do it,
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ใœใฒใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ€ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใ‚‰ ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:25
and it'll really help you automate your grammar,
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’่‡ชๅ‹•ๅŒ–ใ—ใฆใ€
13:29
so you speak it out correctly.
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ๆญฃใ—ใ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
13:32
Right now, let's find out some more mistakes
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ไปŠใ™ใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Šฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
13:35
you might be making.
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ใ€‚
13:41
Right, here we are.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ 6 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘
13:42
Let's see if you can spot mistake number six.
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ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
13:45
- People can do more to help environment.
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- ไบบใ€…ใฏ็’ฐๅขƒไฟ่ญทใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ‚‚ใฃใจๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
13:47
It's not just government, that should take action.
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่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’่ตทใ“ใ™ในใใชใฎใฏๆ”ฟๅบœใ ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚
13:51
- Okay, so this is what they said,
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- ใฏใ„ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Š
13:57
and this is what they should have said.
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่จ€ใ†ในใใ ใฃใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
14:00
"People can do more to help the environment,
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ใ€Œ็’ฐๅขƒไฟ่ญทใฎใŸใ‚ใซไบบใ€…ใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ ใ€‚
14:04
it's not just the government that should take action."
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่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’่ตทใ“ใ™ในใใชใฎใฏๆ”ฟๅบœใ ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚ใ€
14:08
The problem here is that they need the article, the,
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎๅ•้กŒใฏใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚จใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ†ใ‚ฃใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ๅ† ่ฉžใ€Œtheใ€ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
14:12
because we're talking about specific entities.
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ใ€‚
14:16
Environment is the environment,
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็’ฐๅขƒใฏ็’ฐๅขƒใงใ™ใ€‚
14:18
because it's a specific thing.
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:21
Government, it's a specific government, the government.
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ๆ”ฟๅบœใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎ ๆ”ฟๅบœใ€ๆ”ฟๅบœใงใ™ใ€‚
14:25
So we must have the, okay?
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŒใŸใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
14:27
I think it's important here,
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ใ“ใ“ใง้‡่ฆใชใฎใฏใ€
14:28
what you need to do is to learn the common abstract ideas
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14:34
that take the, for example, the environment, the economy,
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็’ฐๅขƒใ€็ตŒๆธˆใ€
14:39
the law, the truth, the ecosystem.
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ๆณ•ๅพ‹ใ€็œŸๅฎŸใ€็”Ÿๆ…‹็ณปใจใ„ใฃใŸไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆŠฝ่ฑก็š„ใชๆฆ‚ๅฟตใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใ ใจ็งใฏๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:44
Also, institutions take the,
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ใพใŸใ€
14:47
like, the army, the police, the media.
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่ป้šŠใ€่ญฆๅฏŸใ€ใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใชใฉใฎๆฉŸ้–ขใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใซ่ฉฒๅฝ“ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:51
Notice, however we say, social media, not the, okay?
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ๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€็งใŸใกใŒใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซ ใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง ใ‚ใฃใฆใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?
14:56
So it's really important to learn these, memorize them,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆๆš—่จ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™
15:00
but also then try doing gap-fills.
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ใŒใ€ใใฎๅพŒใ€็ฉดๅŸ‹ใ‚ๅ•้กŒใ‚’่งฃใ„ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใ‚‹ใง
15:03
Make yourself a gap-fill like you are the teacher.
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็ฉบๆฌ„ใ‚’ๅŸ‹ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:07
So write out some sentences about these things.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
15:10
"The environment is important and we must look after it."
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ใ€Œ็’ฐๅขƒใฏ้‡่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
15:14
"The economy is important because..."
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ใ€Œ็ตŒๆธˆใฏ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰โ€ฆใ€
15:18
And then delete the environment, the economy,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ็’ฐๅขƒใ€็ตŒๆธˆใ‚’ๅ‰Š้™คใ—ใ€
15:23
just put a line, mix all the sentences up,
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ไธ€่กŒ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆททใœๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ€
15:26
go back and read them aloud, putting in the correct word.
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ๆˆปใฃใฆ ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆๅฃฐใซๅ‡บใ—ใฆ่ชญใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:31
And it just gets you thinking
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่€ƒใˆใ•ใ›
15:33
and gets you saying the environment, the economy in context
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ใ€
15:38
whilst you're thinking.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹้–“ใซ็’ฐๅขƒใ‚„็ตŒๆธˆใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชžใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
15:40
And that is really gonna help you.
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
15:42
So practice that, not now, because right now
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ไปŠใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€
15:45
we're gonna go to the next mistake.
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ๆฌกใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใซ้€ฒใ‚€ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:51
Okay, let's have a look at mistake number seven.
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ใ•ใฆใ€7็•ช็›ฎใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
15:53
And for this one we're gonna visit France, maybe.
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ไปŠๅ›žใฏใ€ ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใซ่กŒใไบˆๅฎšใงใ™ใ€‚
15:57
Let's have a look.
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่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
15:59
- If I will go to Paris,
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- ใƒ‘ใƒชใซ่กŒใใชใ‚‰ใ€
16:00
I will definitely visit the Eiffel Tower.
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ๅฟ…ใšใ‚จใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚งใƒซๅก”ใ‚’่จชใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
16:04
- Right, well, the Eiffel Tower is beautiful.
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- ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใ‚จใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚งใƒซๅก”ใฏ ็พŽใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
16:07
Did you spot the mistake?
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้–“้•ใ„ใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
16:08
This is what they said,
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใฏใ“ใ†ใงใ™
16:13
and what it should be is,
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ใ€‚
16:15
"If I go to Paris,
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ใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒชใซ่กŒใใชใ‚‰ใ€
16:17
I will definitely visit the Eiffel Tower."
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ๅฟ…ใšใ‚จใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚งใƒซๅก”ใ‚’่จชใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
16:21
Although it's a future possibility,
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ๆœชๆฅใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
16:24
in English, the if clause takes the present
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏif ็ฏ€ใง็พๅœจ
16:27
and then the next clause takes the future,
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ใ€ๆฌกใฎ็ฏ€ใงๆœชๆฅใ€
16:30
"I will definitely go," okay?
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๅฟ…ใš่กŒใใพใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่กจ็พใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:33
It's a first conditional
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฐ†ๆฅใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใจใ„ใ†่€ƒใˆใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹็ฌฌไธ€ๆกไปถใงใ™
16:34
expressing this idea of future possibility.
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ใ€‚ ๅคšใ
16:38
It's often different structures in different languages.
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ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€่จ€่ชžใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆง‹้€ ใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
16:41
But in English,
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ใงใ‚‚่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€
16:43
"If I go to Paris,
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ใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒชใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ‚‰
16:45
I will eat croissant," or whatever, okay?
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ใ‚ฏใƒญใƒฏใƒƒใ‚ตใƒณใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ€ใจใ‹ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:50
The way to fix this is basically
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่งฃๆฑบใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซๆ˜Žๆ—ฅ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„
16:53
think about five things that might happen tomorrow.
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5 ใคใฎไบ‹ๆŸ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚
16:57
It might rain,
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้›จใŒ้™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
16:59
ooh, my friend might visit tomorrow, actually.
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ใ‚ใใ€ๅฎŸใฏๆ˜Žๆ—ฅๅ‹้”ใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ ใ€‚
17:02
Make a list of five
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5 ใคใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—
17:03
and then make five conditional first conditional sentences
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ใ€ๆฌกใซใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๆกไปถไป˜ใใฎ็ฌฌไธ€ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ 5 ใคไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ™
17:09
about a future possibility, right, if that happens.
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ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใงใ™ใ€‚
17:13
So you'd be saying, "It might rain tomorrow."
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏ้›จใŒ้™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:16
"If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home."
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ใ€Œๆ˜Žๆ—ฅ้›จใŒ้™ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ๅฎถใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
17:20
"My friend might visit, well, if my friend visits,
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ใ€Œๅ‹้”ใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ๆฅใŸใ‚‰ใ€
17:24
we will probably go out for a drink together."
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ไธ€็ท’ใซ้ฃฒใฟใซ่กŒใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚ใ€
17:29
And keep practicing this transposing,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่ปข็ฝฎใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ€
17:31
speaking the answers out loud,
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๅฃฐใซๅ‡บใ—ใฆ่จ€ใ„ใ€
17:34
making it about your own life and experience.
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎไบบ็”Ÿใ‚„็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
17:37
And that's how you'll start to change the mistakes.
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใง ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
17:41
Great, let's move on.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ๆฌกใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
17:47
Right, here's number eight.
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ใฏใ„ใ€8็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
17:48
Listen carefully, let's see.
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ใ‚ˆใ่žใ„ใฆใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
17:50
- My teacher gave me an advice, but I didn't follow it.
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- ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏ็งใซใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใใ‚ŒใŸใฎใงใ™ ใŒใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใซๅพ“ใ‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
17:53
I didn't think it was useful.
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ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใคใจใฏๆ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
17:57
- Oh, I wonder what the advice was.
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- ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใฉใ‚“ใชใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ ใฃใŸใ‚“ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
18:01
This is what they said.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
18:04
Did you spot the mistake?
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้–“้•ใ„ใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
18:07
Ha, well, it should be, "My teacher gave me some advice,
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ใฏใฏใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใ€Œ ๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใใ‚ŒใŸ
18:12
but I didn't follow it.
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ใ‘ใฉใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใซๅพ“ใ‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
18:14
I didn't think it was useful."
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ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใคใจใฏๆ€ใ‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ใ€ใฎๆ–นใŒใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
18:16
Advice is an uncountable noun.
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ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใฏไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
18:20
You cannot count advice in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
18:23
You can't say two advices, three advices,
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2 ใคใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€3 ใคใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“
18:27
it doesn't work, it's uncountable.
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ใ€‚ใใ‚ŒใฏๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ›ใšใ€ๆ•ฐใˆๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใชใ„ใปใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
18:29
So we must say, "Some advice," okay?
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ€่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใญ๏ผŸ
18:33
Of course it's possible to say, "A piece of advice,"
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ใ€ŒA piece of adviceใ€
18:36
and, "Two pieces of advice,"
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ใ‚„ใ€ŒTwo Pieces of Adviceใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใฏๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™
18:39
but advice is one of those uncountable nouns in English.
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ใŒใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใฏ ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’
18:43
The best thing to fix this is just be very clear
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ไฟฎๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅ–„ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€
18:46
about the uncountable nouns that cause confusion.
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ๆททไนฑใฎๅŽŸๅ› ใจใชใ‚‹ไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ™ใใซๅญฆใถ
18:50
And three that you should learn straight away
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ในใ3ใคใฏใ€
18:53
are advice, news, information.
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ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ€ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใงใ™ใ€‚
18:56
You can't count them in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
18:59
So it's some advice, some news, some information.
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ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚„ ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ€ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
19:05
Great, do you know any other uncountable nouns
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ไป–ใซใ‚ˆใๆททไนฑใ‚’ๆ‹›ใไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹
19:08
that often cause confusion?
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?
19:11
Let me know in the comments below if you do.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใงๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
19:13
For now, let's swiftly move on.
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ใจใ‚Šใ‚ใˆใšใ€ใ•ใฃใ•ใจๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
19:22
Okay, number nine is all about dates and places
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ใ•ใฆใ€9็•ช็›ฎใฏ ๆ—ฅไป˜ใจๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€
19:25
and it's about me.
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
19:28
Can you see the mistake?
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้–“้•ใ„ใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
19:29
- I was born on 1967 at Manchester.
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- ็งใฏ1967ๅนดใซใƒžใƒณใƒใ‚งใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใง็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:33
To be more precise, I was born on August in the 12th.
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ๆญฃ็ขบใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€็งใฏ 8ๆœˆ12ๆ—ฅใซ็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:37
- It's all true, but there are some mistakes here.
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- ใ™ในใฆ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใ„ใใคใ‹้–“้•ใ„ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
19:41
Did you spot them?
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่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
19:42
This is what they said.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:46
Right, what's the mistake?
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใชใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
19:48
Well, several mistakes.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹้–“้•ใ„ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:49
So it should be, "I was born in 1967 in Manchester.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ 1967 ๅนดใซใƒžใƒณใƒใ‚งใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใง็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:56
To be more precise, I was born in August on the 12th," okay?
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆญฃ็ขบใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ 8 ๆœˆ 12 ๆ—ฅใซ็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚
20:02
These are common preposition mistakes that people make.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒใ‚ˆใ็Šฏใ™ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ ใ€‚
20:06
We use in for
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20:09
years, months, and cities.
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ๅนดใ€ๆœˆใ€้ƒฝๅธ‚ใ‚’่กจใ™ใซใฏ in ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:14
We use on for a specific date.
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็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ—ฅไป˜ใซใฏ on ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:18
Imagine you are standing on the calendar, on the 6th,
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ใ‚ซใƒฌใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใฎ6ๆ—ฅใ€
20:22
on the 9th, you're standing on the date.
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9ๆ—ฅใจใ„ใ†ๆ—ฅไป˜ใฎไธŠใซ็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
20:25
At we don't use for a city, right?
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้ƒฝๅธ‚ใงใฏไฝฟใ‚ใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ€Œ
20:28
At is used for a specific point or location.
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Atใ€ใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎๅœฐ็‚นใพใŸใฏๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’่กจใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
20:33
At the crossroads, at the hospital, at the bank,
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ไบคๅทฎ็‚นใ€ ็—…้™ขใ€้Š€่กŒใ€
20:37
at school, specific locations.
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ๅญฆๆ กใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€‚
20:40
Okay, how do you fix this?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ็›ดใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
20:42
Well, it is really just practice.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅ˜ใชใ‚‹็ทด็ฟ’ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:45
A very simple thing you can do, right,
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้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใชใฎใฏใ€
20:47
is go into AI search like Gemini, ChatGPT,
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Geminiใ‚„ChatGPTใชใฉใฎAIๆคœ็ดขใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€
20:53
ask it to make a story with a gap-fill
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20:59
using these rules,
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21:00
using in, for years, months and cities,
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ๅนดใ€ๆœˆใ€้ƒฝๅธ‚ใ‚’่กจใ™inใ€
21:02
on, for dates, at, for locations,
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ๆ—ฅไป˜ใ‚’่กจใ™onใชใฉใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๅŸ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ—ใฆใ€
21:06
and ask it to make a story with gap-fills.
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็ฉบ็™ฝใ‚’ๅŸ‹ใ‚ใชใŒใ‚‰ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซไพ้ ผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:08
It'll print out a story and it'll give you the answers.
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็‰ฉ่ชžใŒๅฐๅˆทใ•ใ‚Œใ€ ็ญ”ใˆใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
21:11
It doesn't print it out, it gives you the story,
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ๅฐๅˆทใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€็ฉบ็™ฝ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใŒๆไพ›ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
21:14
but with the gaps.
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ใ€‚ ็ฉบ็™ฝใ‚’ๅŸ‹ใ‚ใชใŒใ‚‰
21:15
So you say it out loud, filling in the gaps,
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ๅฃฐใซๅ‡บใ—ใฆ่จ€ใฃใฆ ใ€
21:19
and then check your answers.
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:21
It's easy to do, it's fun and you creating it
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็ฐกๅ˜ใซใงใใฆใ€ ๆฅฝใ—ใใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใงไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใง
21:24
actually puts you in control of your learning.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒญใƒผใƒซใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
21:27
It's much more interesting than looking for one already made
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ใ™ใงใซไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎ
21:32
or one that I've made for you.
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ใ‚„็งใŒไฝœใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆŽขใ™ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ€ใšใฃใจ้ข็™ฝใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:34
Make your own DIY, do it yourself.
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใ ใ‘ใฎDIYใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚่‡ชๅˆ†ใงใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
21:37
Let's go into number 10.
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10็•ช็›ฎใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
21:43
Okay, mistake number 10.
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ใ•ใฆใ€้–“้•ใ„10็•ช็›ฎใงใ™ใ€‚ไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒใใŸใใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†
21:45
Now, have you ever made an excuse,
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่จ€ใ„่จณใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹
21:48
because you didn't want to go to work?
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?
21:51
Hmm, right?
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
21:53
Let's see what happens in this example
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ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใงไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ
21:55
and try and spot the grammatical mistake.
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ใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ไธŠใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
21:59
- I must to go and see the doctor tomorrow,
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- ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏๅŒป่€…ใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„
22:01
so I can't come to work.
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ใฎใงใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใซๆฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
22:04
- Sound familiar?
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- ่žใ่ฆšใˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
22:05
Hmm, did you spot the mistake?
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€้–“้•ใ„ใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
22:07
This is what they said,
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€
22:10
and what they should have said is,
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ๆœฌๆฅใฏ
22:13
"I must go and see the doctor tomorrow,
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ใ€Œๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏๅŒป่€…ใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„
22:17
so I can't come to work," right?
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ใฎใงใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใซๆฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ในใใ ใฃใŸใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
22:21
So here, the mistake is that must is not followed by to.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใฏใ€ must ใฎๅพŒใซ to ใŒ็ถšใ‹ใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
22:25
In fact, no modal verb is followed by to,
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅพŒใซใฏ to ใŒ็ถšใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
22:29
they are always followed by the base verb.
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ๅธธใซๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚
22:33
Must go, should go, can't go, might go
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่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€่กŒใในใใ€่กŒใ‘ใชใ„ใ€่กŒใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€
22:37
always the same, right?
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
22:39
The only ones that have to
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22:40
and they're not really modal verbs is ought to and need to,
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ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใงใฏใชใ„ใ€Œhave toใ€ใฏใ€Œ ought toใ€ใจใ€Œneed toใ€ใ ใ‘ใงใ™
22:45
but the others, no.
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ใŒใ€ไป–ใฏ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:47
Now the way to remember this,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€
22:48
I think rather than remembering, memorizing a rule,
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22:52
modal verbs don't take to, only followed by the base verb,
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ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ to ใ‚’ใจใ‚‰ใšใ€ใใฎๅพŒใซ ๅŽŸๅฝขๅ‹•่ฉžใ ใ‘ใŒ็ถšใใจใ„ใ†ใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€่ฆšใˆใ‚„ใ™ใ„ไพ‹ใ‚’
22:55
is to think and memorize a memorable example.
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่€ƒใˆใฆ่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
23:01
You can record yourself saying it with a funny voice,
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้ข็™ฝใ„ๅฃฐใง่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็™บ่จ€ใ‚’้Œฒ้Ÿณใ—ใฆใ€
23:04
make it enjoyable and memorable.
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ๆฅฝใ—ใๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บๆทฑใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
23:06
For example, "I'm so sorry, I must go," right?
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ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€่กŒใ‹ใชใใ‚ƒใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
23:11
"I must leave, I must go."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๅŽปใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ใ€
23:14
"I'm having a party, you should come."
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ใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆฅใฆใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ€
23:18
"I'm sorry, I can't come,
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ใ€Œใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€
23:21
I'm washing my hair," right?
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้ซชใ‚’ๆด—ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง่กŒใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
23:24
So make the examples really memorable.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไพ‹ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่จ˜ๆ†ถใซๆฎ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
23:28
And I think memorizing examples
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆš—่จ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใปใ†ใŒใ€ๅพŒใงไพ‹ใซ็ฟป่จณใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„
23:29
is much better than memorizing a rule
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ใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๆš—่จ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ่‰ฏใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
23:33
that you then have to translate into an example, right?
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ใ‚ˆใญ?
23:36
Okay, great.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ
23:37
I'm gonna go and wash my hair
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้ซชใ‚’ๆด—ใ„ใซ่กŒใใพใ™
23:41
before we finish the video.
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ใ€‚
23:43
So there you have it.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
23:44
10 mistakes you might be making,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Šฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„10ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ€‚
23:46
but hopefully you won't be making in the future.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ ๅฐ†ๆฅใฏ็Šฏใ•ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:49
Some ideas about how to fix the mistakes.
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้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‹ใ‚‰ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹
23:52
Summing up three things I think you should take away
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3 ใคใฎ็‚นใ‚’ใพใจใ‚ใพใ™
23:55
from this video.
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ใ€‚
23:57
Number one, practice speaking phrases
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ใพใšใ€
24:01
rather than studying and reading.
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ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใ‚Š่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’่ฉฑใ™็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
24:04
Memorize examples rather than rules.
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ใƒซใƒผใƒซใงใฏใชใไพ‹ใ‚’ๆš—่จ˜ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
24:09
And thirdly, make your own tests.
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ใใ—ใฆ3็•ช็›ฎใซใ€็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:12
Test yourself, but make your own.
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่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
24:15
Three great ideas I hope to help you fix the problem
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24:19
of these grammatical mistakes.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ไธŠใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใฎๅ•้กŒใ‚’่งฃๆฑบใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใค 3 ใคใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ใ”็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:21
If you've liked the video, give me a like.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผใ€ใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
24:23
If you've enjoyed it also, and learn something new,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ‚‰ใ€
24:26
subscribe and turn on notifications
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ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆ้€š็Ÿฅใ‚’ใ‚ชใƒณใซใ—ใฆใ€
24:29
to find out about new upcoming videos.
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ไปŠๅพŒใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใซใคใ„ใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
24:32
Let me know which mistake you often make
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ˆใ็Šฏใ™้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ใ€
24:36
down in the comments below.
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ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใงๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
24:38
In the meantime, I'm off for a cup of tea.
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ใจใ‚Šใ‚ใˆใšใ€ใŠ่Œถใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใซ่กŒใฃใฆใใพใ™ใ€‚
24:41
See you maybe in the next video.
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ๆฌกๅ›žใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
24:43
Take care my friend, all the best, bye-bye.
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ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใญใ€ๅ‹ใ‚ˆใ€‚ๅนธ้‹ใ‚’็ฅˆใฃใฆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ€ ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
24:45
(upbeat music)
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๏ผˆๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„้Ÿณๆฅฝ๏ผ‰
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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