Are you using submissive language?

90,337 views ใƒป 2019-06-01

English Jade


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hey, everyone.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใฟใชใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:01
In today's lesson we're looking at submissive language.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€ๅพ“้ †ใช่จ€่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:03
"Submissive language" is when you speak in a way that makes you really, really small
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ใ€Œๅพ“้ †ใช่จ€่‘‰้ฃใ„ใ€ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ ใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฐใ•ใ
00:09
and not important, and the person to whom you're speaking is all so special and so amazing,
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ใ€้‡่ฆใงใฏใชใใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใง่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็›ธๆ‰‹ ใฏใ™ในใฆใจใฆใ‚‚็‰นๅˆฅใงใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใใ€
00:15
and much more important than you.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™.
00:18
An example of a character who uses submissive language is Dobby the House-Elf.
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ๅพ“้ †ใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒฉใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใƒผใฎไพ‹ใฏ ใ€ๅฑ‹ๆ•ทใ—ใ‚‚ในๅฆ–็ฒพใฎใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
00:26
Dobby the House-Elf is in all the Harry Potter films.
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ใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผใƒปใ‚ถใƒปใƒใ‚ฆใ‚นใƒปใ‚จใƒซใƒ•ใฏใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎใƒใƒชใƒผใƒปใƒใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒผๆ˜ ็”ปใซๅ‡บๆผ”ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
00:30
Here is one of Dobby's quotes, and this is from Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince.
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ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏใƒใƒชใƒผใƒปใƒใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒผใจ่ฌŽใฎใƒ—ใƒชใƒณใ‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:37
"Dobby is a free house-elf and he can obey anyone he likes, and Dobby will do whatever
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ใ€Œใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผใฏ่‡ช็”ฑใชๅฑ‹ๆ•ทใ—ใ‚‚ในๅฆ–็ฒพใงใ€ ๅฅฝใใชไบบใซใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ๅพ“ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€ใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผใฏ
00:44
Harry Potter wants him to do!"
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ใƒใƒชใƒผใƒปใƒใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใ—ใพใ™!ใ€
00:46
So, what's interesting about this quote in terms of submissive language is: "Dobby is
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅพ“้ †ใช่จ€่‘‰ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใ“ใฎๅผ•็”จใฎ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ ็‚นใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผ
00:54
a free house-elf", and the thing about the house-elves in Harry Potter is they are like
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ใฏ่‡ช็”ฑใชๅฑ‹ๆ•ทใ—ใ‚‚ในๅฆ–็ฒพใงใ™ใ€
01:01
the slaves of some of the wizards; the bad kind of wizards in Harry Potter have house-elves
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ใ€‚ ใƒใƒชใƒผใƒปใƒใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒผใฎๆ‚ชใ„็จฎ้กžใฎ้ญ”ๆณ•ไฝฟใ„ใฏๅฑ‹ๆ•ทใ—ใ‚‚ในๅฆ–็ฒพ
01:10
as slaves and they do everything for them.
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ใ‚’ๅฅด้šทใซใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
01:14
But Dobby is a house-elf who won his...
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผใฏๅฑ‹ๆ•ทใ—ใ‚‚ในๅฆ–็ฒพใงใ€
01:18
Who considers himself to be free; but yet, if we look at his language, he says: "He can
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฏ่‡ช็”ฑใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ๅฝผใฎ่จ€่‘‰้ฃใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่ชฐใซใงใ‚‚ๅพ“ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
01:25
obey anyone".
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ใ€‚
01:27
When you obey someone, it means you do what they tell you.
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ไบบใซๅพ“ใ†ใจใ„ใ† ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใใฎไบบใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใซๅพ“ใ†ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:31
So, he's free; but yet, he obeys anyone.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใฏ่‡ช็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅฝผใฏ่ชฐใซใ‚‚ๅพ“ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:35
So it's a...
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏ
01:37
It's a contradiction.
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โ€ฆ ็Ÿ›็›พใงใ™ใ€‚
01:38
"And Dobby will do whatever Harry Potter wants him to do".
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ใ€Œใใ—ใฆใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผใฏใ€ใƒใƒชใƒผใƒปใƒใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ† ใ€.
01:43
So, although he's a free house-elf now, I guess Dobby hasn't changed that much because
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใฏไปŠใฏ่‡ช็”ฑใชๅฑ‹ๆ•ทใ—ใ‚‚ในๅฆ–็ฒพ ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„
01:52
he's happy to do whatever Harry Potter wants him to do, because Dobby is very grateful
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ใจๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผใฏ
01:59
to Harry Potter and he respects him very much, so we see it in the language that he uses.
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ใƒใƒชใƒผ ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒผใซใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚’ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฐŠๆ•ฌใ—ใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใŒไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹่จ€่ชžใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:05
So, most of us, we aren't going to use submissive language in such an obvious way like Dobby
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฏใ€ๅฑ‹ๆ•ท ใ—ใ‚‚ในๅฆ–็ฒพใฎใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ˜Ž็™ฝใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงๅพ“้ †ใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏ
02:13
the House-Elf, but there might be signs of it in our speech, and that's what we're going
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็งใŸใกใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใซใฏใใฎๅ…†ๅ€™ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
02:19
to look at in this lesson.
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ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ€‚
02:21
I'm going to give lots of examples where, without realizing it, we might speak a little
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็Ÿฅใ‚‰ ใš็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใšใฎ
02:26
bit like Dobby the House-Elf.
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ใ†ใกใซๅฑ‹ๆ•ทใ—ใ‚‚ในๅฆ–็ฒพใฎใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉฑใ™ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ไพ‹ใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:28
Okay, first, before we get there, I want to talk about what this kind of language shows
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ใงใฏใพใšใ€ใใ“ใซ็€ใๅ‰ใซใ€ ใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎ่จ€่ชžใŒ็งใŸใกไบบ้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„
02:37
about us as a person.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:40
Some of it's good, and in some situations we might look at it as...
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่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€็Šถๆณใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ ใฏ
02:45
We might see it as a negative thing in some situations.
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... ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ‚‚ใฎใจ่ฆ‹ใชใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:49
It might be good for us sometimes, but if we use it too much and we make ourselves small
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ๆ™‚ใซใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ ใ€ไฝฟใ„ใ™ใŽใฆ
02:55
in that situation, maybe it's not helpful for us.
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ใใฎ็Šถๆณใง่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅฐใ•ใใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใŸใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ› ใ‚“.
02:58
So, first of all, when we talk in this way, sometimes it has the appearance of being very
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใพใš็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€็งใŸใกใŒใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€ ้žๅธธใซไธๅฏงใช่จ€่‘‰ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
03:07
polite language.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:10
And that's good in a way-isn't it?-because it seems that we have good manners, and we
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?ใชใœใชใ‚‰ ใ€
03:15
are...
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03:16
We are a charming person because we're being very polite.
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็งใŸใกใฏ ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏ้ญ…ๅŠ›็š„ใชไบบ้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:22
But then if we go too polite, sometimes it doesn't seem that genuine or authentic, perhaps.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใใ—ใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใจ ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใๆœฌ็‰ฉใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏๆœฌ็‰ฉใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:32
So, when we use this kind of language as well, it shows that we're considerate people; we're
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใŒใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใใ‚‚ใ€ ็งใŸใกใŒๆ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ‚Šใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ
03:39
people that think about the needs of others first.
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ใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใฎใƒ‹ใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ๆœ€ๅˆใซ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:43
The people we like especially, we make them very, very important and we care about what
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็งใŸใกใŒ็‰นใซๅฅฝใใชไบบ ใ‚’ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅคงๅˆ‡ใซใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใฉใ†ๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฐ—ใซใ‹ใ‘ใฆ
03:47
they think.
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ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:48
So, this shows that we think of other people and not just of ourselves.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ“ใจใ ใ‘ใงใฏใชใใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:54
This kind of language also shows that we're conscientious people.
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ใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎ่จ€่ชžใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่‰ฏๅฟƒ็š„ใชไบบใ€…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:58
It means that we...
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ใใ‚Œใฏ
04:01
We have a...
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็งใŸใกใŒ... ็งใŸใกใฏ... ็งใŸใกใฏ
04:03
We care what other people think of us, and we want other people to think that we're kind
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ไป–ใฎไบบใŒ็งใŸใกใซใคใ„ใฆใฉใ†ๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฐ—ใซใ—ใ€ไป–ใฎ ไบบใซ็งใŸใกใŒ่ฆชๅˆ‡
04:09
of people, and good people, and helpful people.
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ใงใ€่‰ฏใ„ไบบใงใ€ๅฝน็ซ‹ใคไบบใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„.
04:13
And then the next thing this kind of language shows about us is low status.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎ่จ€่ชž ใŒ็งใŸใกใซใคใ„ใฆ็คบใ™ๆฌกใฎใ“ใจใฏใ€ไฝŽใ„ๅœฐไฝใงใ™ใ€‚
04:20
That's another way of saying: "Oh, I'm...
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€็งใฏ...
04:22
I'm not very important; you're more important than I am."
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็งใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š้‡่ฆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ็งใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:26
Or: "You're more important than I will ever be."
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ใพใŸใฏ๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚้‡่ฆใงใ™ ใ€‚ใ€
04:29
So it's not very helpful to use that kind of speech in many life situations, for example,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅคšใใฎไป•ไบ‹ใชใฉใ€ๅคšใใฎ็”Ÿๆดป็Šถๆณใงใใฎ็จฎใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใกใพใ›ใ‚“
04:37
in many jobs; but then on the other hand, in some jobs if you have a big boss, your
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใใฎไธ€ๆ–นใง ใ€ๅคงใใชไธŠๅธใŒใ„ใ‚‹ไป•ไบ‹ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅฐใ•ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅฐŠๆ•ฌใ™ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ
04:48
big boss is probably really happy if you make yourself small and look up to them.
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ๅคงใใชไธŠๅธใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅนธใ›ใงใ™ .
04:54
So it really depends on...
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซโ€ฆ
04:55
On the job that you do.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไป•ไบ‹ใซไพๅญ˜ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:57
And lastly, using this kind of speech shows that you're deferential.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆŽงใˆใ‚ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
05:04
It means that in the way that you deal with other people, you show a lot of respect towards
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ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไป–ใฎไบบใ€…ใซๆŽฅใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๅคšใใฎๆ•ฌๆ„ใ‚’็คบใ—ใ€ๅคšใใฎๆ•ฌๆ„ใ‚’็คบใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
05:14
them and you show a lot of reverence.
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.
05:19
And "reverence" is a word that we would usually use in relation to God - to revere something
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ใใ—ใฆใ€Œๆ•ฌ่™”ใ€ใจใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒ้€šๅธธ ใ€็ฅžใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็•ๆ•ฌใฎๅฟตใ‚’ๆŠฑใใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ
05:28
that's so...
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ใงใ™
05:29
So...
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05:30
So grand above us.
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ใ€‚
05:32
So, in that sense, if we're differential to other people by using submissive language,
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ใใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ€ ๅพ“้ †ใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆไป–ไบบใจๅทฎใ‚’
05:40
we're making them god-like.
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ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’็ฅžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:41
So we can see that if we do a lot of this language it can be quite an extreme effect
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ ่จ€่ชž
05:50
in the way we deal with other people.
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ใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ไฝฟใ†ใจใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใ€…ใจใฎๆŽฅใ—ๆ–นใซ้žๅธธใซๅคงใใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™.
05:52
We make them so big and ourselves so small, and that's what...
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็งใŸใกใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅคงใใใ—ใ€็งใŸใก่‡ช่บซใ‚’
05:57
That's what Dobby the House-Elf does.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฐใ•ใใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:59
So, here is some examples of ways that we probably don't realize we're using submissive language.
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ใใ“ใงใ€ๅพ“้ †ใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใŠใใ‚‰ใๆฐ—ไป˜ใ‹ใชใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:10
We might look at these...
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06:12
These phrases and these sentences as if they're polite things to say, but then we've probably
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚„ๆ–‡ใฏใ€็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎ ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ
06:18
not stopped to ever think about it.
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่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:20
Okay, so here's the...
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ
06:21
In this example, it's like: "I must ask you for permission for everything.
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... ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ† ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:33
Even small things I must ask your permission first; I can't just do it."
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06:40
So, let's imagine you are in a new place or you're at somebody's house, and you've never
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใฎๅฎถใซใ„
06:47
used the toilet there in their house or the loo, you've never used it, so you would say
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ใฆใ€ใใฎๅฎถใฎใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌใ‚„ใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใใ€ไฝฟใฃใŸ ใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใใฎไบบใซๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
06:54
to the person: "Do you mind if I use your toilet?" or "Do you mind if I use your loo?"
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ใ€‚ ใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌไฝฟใฃใฆ ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
07:04
Now, someone who spoke in a more direct way or a way where they didn't use this kind of
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็›ดๆŽฅ็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎไธๅฏงใ•ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใง
07:15
politeness about: "Is it...?
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่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใฏใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏ...?
07:17
Can I have permission?" they would just say: "Where's the toilet?"
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่จฑๅฏใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใ€Œใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌใฏใฉใ“๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:22
There's no: "Is it okay"?
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ใ„ใ„ใˆ๏ผšใ€Œๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
07:24
"Where is it?
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ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:26
I'm going there - just give me the information."
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็งใฏใใ“ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ - ใŸใ ็งใซๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
07:30
Another example: "Is it okay if I use the toilet?
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹๏ผšใ€Œใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌใ‚’ไฝฟใฃ
07:36
Is it okay?"
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ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
07:37
Well, why wouldn't it be okay?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใชใœใใ‚Œใฏๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:39
Maybe if the toilet was all...
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ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€ใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌใŒใ™ในใฆใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰
07:43
All overflowing and there was a...
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... ใ™ในใฆใŒใ‚ใตใ‚Œใฆใ„
07:46
There was a problem with the plumbing that day, maybe then it wouldn't be okay, but 99
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ใฆใ€ใใฎๆ—ฅใฏ้…็ฎกใซๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ— ใŸ. ใใ‚Œใชใ‚‰ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ
07:53
times out of 100, it usually is okay if you use the toilet somewhere.
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ใพใ›ใ‚“. ใฉใ“ใ‹ใงใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ€‚
07:58
"Would it be okay if I used the toilet?"
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ใ€Œใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
08:03
Same example.
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ๅŒใ˜ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:05
And: "Would it be okay with you if I were to use the toilet?"
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œ็งใŒ ใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
08:12
When we make the sentence longer like that by adding in more polite words, then we become
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธๅฏงใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ–‡ใ‚’้•ทใ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
08:22
more and more like Dobby the House-Elf, because all of these are asking for permission, but
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ใพใ™ใพใ™ใƒใ‚ฆใ‚นใ‚จใƒซใƒ•ใฎใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ่จฑๅฏใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใŒ
08:30
when we put in polite...
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ใ€ไธๅฏงใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจ...
08:31
Extra polite words, like...
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ไฝ™ๅˆ†ใชไธๅฏงใช่จ€่‘‰ใ€ ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
08:38
Here we're basically repeating...
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... ใ“ใ“ใง็งใŸใกใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
08:40
We're repeating: "Would it be okay with you" and then to say: "if I were to" - we're repeating.
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็งใŸใกใฏ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™: ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใจไธ€็ท’ใซๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ‹?
08:49
We're...
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็งใŸใกใฏ...
08:50
We're so nervous about saying what we want to say that we add in more words and we take
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็งใŸใกใฏ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใฎใซใจใฆใ‚‚็ฅž็ตŒ่ณชใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง ใ€่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใซ
08:55
longer about it, so that's another sign that we are making ourselves...
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ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Š
09:01
We're being so polite that we're making ourselves small in language.
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ใพใ™. ็งใŸใกใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซ ใ‚’่จ€่ชžใงๅฐใ•ใใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:05
Okay, so another thing that people do that's similar to Dobby the House-Elf is that sometimes
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ใ•ใฆ ใ€ใƒใ‚ฆใ‚นใ‚จใƒซใƒ•ใฎใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผใซไผผใŸใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎใ“ใจใฏ
09:17
we don't trust our own judgment and our ability to make decisions, so we ask other people
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ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅˆคๆ–ญๅŠ›ใ‚„ๆ„ๆ€ๆฑบๅฎš่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’ไฟก้ ผใงใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใŒ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใซ
09:26
what we should do.
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ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ในใใ‹ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
09:27
So, Dobby, he's a free house-elf now, but perhaps he's not good at making decisions;
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผใ€ๅฝผใฏไปŠใงใฏใŸใ ใฎๅฑ‹ๆ•ทใ—ใ‚‚ในๅฆ–็ฒพ ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆฑบๆ–ญใ‚’ไธ‹ใ™ใฎใŒ่‹ฆๆ‰‹ใชใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:34
he wants to know what other people would do first.
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ๅฝผใฏใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
09:39
And then when they tell him, he'll make the decision.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅฝผใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ๅฝผใฏๆฑบๅฎšใ‚’ไธ‹ใ™ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†.
09:42
But, really, he's not making the decision because he's asking everybody else first,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€ๅฝผใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซไป–ใฎไบบใซๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆฑบๅฎšใ‚’ไธ‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
09:48
rather than asking himself.
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.
09:51
So, let's give an example for these sentences.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:57
Imagine you live in England.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:01
It rains quite a lot in England, but the rain can be unpredictable.
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ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใงใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š้›จใŒ้™ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€้›จ ใฏไบˆๆธฌใงใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœๅฎถใ‚’
10:07
You don't know necessarily it's going to rain in the morning when you leave your house.
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ๅ‡บใ‚‹ใจใใ€ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใฏ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
10:14
You might look up at the clouds, and it's a little bit cloudy, but it might rain, it
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้›ฒใ‚’่ฆ‹ไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ ใจๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ›‡ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€้›จใŒ้™ใ‚‹
10:18
might not.
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ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€้™ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:20
So, because you're not sure, you might ask your mom or somebody you live with, your housemate
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ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใง ใ€ใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“ใ‚„ไธ€็ท’ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ€ๅŒๅฑ…ไบบใชใฉใซ่žใ„
10:27
or something, you might ask what they think about the weather and the situation for rain,
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ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅคฉๆฐ—ใ‚„้›จใฎ็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆใฉใ†ๆ€ใ†ใ‹่žใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ€ๅคง้จ’ใŽใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:35
and that way you don't make this big decision by yourself of whether you bring an umbrella
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ใใฎๆ—ฅๅ‚˜ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใงๆฑบใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
10:43
out with you that day or you don't.
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ใ€‚
10:46
So, really, you want to know: Is it going to rain today?
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ้›จใŒ้™ใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸ
10:52
If the answer is yes, you'll bring an umbrella and you won't get wet, but you say it like
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็ญ”ใˆใŒใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅ‚˜ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใฆ ๆฟกใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅ
11:00
this: "Do you think I should take an umbrella today?" which means: Do you think it will rain?
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ใฏๅ‚˜ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใในใใ ใจๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ„ๅ‘ณ๏ผš้›จใŒ้™ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:11
"Do you think it's better to take an umbrella today or wear a rain jacket?"
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ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๅ‚˜ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่กŒใฃใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ‹๏ผŸใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ‘ใ‚’็€ใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
11:25
What...
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ใชใ‚“ใจ
11:27
I've written "bowl" there, but we can change it for "jacket"; that would make more sense.
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โ€ฆใ€Œๆค€ใ€ใจๆ›ธใใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š็†ใซใ‹ใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:35
"What jacket do you think is better?"
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ใ€Œใฉใฎใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใŒใ„ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
11:39
So, maybe I've got a jacket that's really warm that I want to wear for a really cold
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆš–ใ‹ใ„ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃ ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฏ’ใ„ๆ—ฅใซ็€ใŸใ„
11:45
day or I've got my rain jacket, and I'm asking: "What jacket do you think is better?" for
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ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ใƒฌใ‚คใƒณใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ€ ใ€Œใฉใฎใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใŒใ„ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:54
them to decide to me...
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ็งใซๆฑบใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ
11:56
For me by thinking about the weather.
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... ๅคฉๆฐ—ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆ็งใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€‚
12:02
And this example we can imagine it, like: Let's say you're going...
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใฏๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆƒณๅƒใงใ ใพใ™: ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่กŒใใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†...
12:08
You're going out with someone, you're going to go for a coffee that afternoon, or maybe
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่ชฐใ‹ ใจๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€ใใฎๆ—ฅใฎๅˆๅพŒใซใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใซ่กŒใใ€ใพใŸใฏ
12:17
it will be something a little bit more special - maybe you'd be going out for dinner or something.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—็‰นๅˆฅใชไฝ•ใ‹ใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ - ๅคšๅˆ†ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅค•้ฃŸใ‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†.
12:23
And you say to the other person: "Should I get ready now?"
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็›ธๆ‰‹ใซใ“ใ† ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:28
Or: "Should I...?
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ใพใŸใฏ: ใ€Œ็งใฏ...?
12:29
Should I start getting ready now?"
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ไปŠใ‹ใ‚‰ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€
12:32
Because depending on what they say, that's when you'll change your outfit and get your...
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใซใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‚Š ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœใ‚’็€ๆ›ฟใˆใฆใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ™‚ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
12:38
Get your hair ready and your makeup.
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.
12:41
So, all of these examples, if they are for small choices, like taking an umbrella out
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ใฏใ™ในใฆ ใ€ๅ‚˜ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ™
12:53
or what jacket to wear, these are signs that we trust other people's judgement more than
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ใ‹ใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’็€ใ‚‹ใ‹ใชใฉใฎๅฐใ•ใช้ธๆŠžใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅˆคๆ–ญใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ไป–ใฎไบบใฎๅˆคๆ–ญใ‚’ไฟก้ ผใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—
13:01
our own.
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
13:02
It's not necessarily a bad thing, but it depends on the person that we're asking.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ่ณชๅ•ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:11
If we just ask everybody, you know: "What should I do?
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ใฟใ‚“ใชใซ่žใ„ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œใฉใ† ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
13:14
What do you think?"
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ใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:16
If we always ask every single person and we don't make decisions for ourselves, that shows
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็งใŸใกใŒๅธธใซไธ€ไบบไธ€ไบบใซๅฐ‹ใญ ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใงๆฑบๅฎšใ‚’ไธ‹ใ•ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
13:22
that we are a bit like Dobby the House-Elf.
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็งใŸใกใŒใƒใ‚ฆใ‚นใ‚จใƒซใƒ•ใฎใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผใซๅฐ‘ใ—ไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
13:25
But if there are some people whose advice or knowledge we really respect, then I don't
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ใงใ‚‚ ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฐŠๆ•ฌใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚„็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎ
13:35
think it's wrong to ask them for things like this.
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:38
I'm just showing so that we're aware how...
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็งใฏใŸใ ใ€็งใŸใกใŒใใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™... ๆ„่ญ˜
13:43
How we can build sentences in a way, without realizing it, and never really thinking about it.
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ใ›ใšใซใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่€ƒใˆใšใซใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ• .
13:50
Coming next we've got some more examples.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:52
The next example is a situation where you hate to impose.
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ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€ๆŠผใ—ไป˜ใ‘ใŸใใชใ„็Šถๆณใงใ™ ใ€‚
13:58
When you impose on someone, you're disturbing them so much.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใซๆŠผใ—ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ใจใฆใ‚‚้‚ช้ญ”ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
14:03
You're coming to them with your problems, and you...
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅ•้กŒใงๅฝผใ‚‰ใซๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฏ... ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’
14:10
You feel bad about doing that, so you don't really want to impose on someone.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใฎใง ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซๆŠผใ—ไป˜ใ‘ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
14:15
And because of that, the language shows that you're sorry, in a way.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€่จ€่ชžใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใง ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็”ณใ—่จณใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
14:24
And the language shows a higher level of politeness than we would normally use because we're imposing;
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ€่ชžใฏใ€ๅจๅœง็š„ ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€้€šๅธธไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚้ซ˜ใ„ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ•ใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:31
we're really sorry about it.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:33
So let's say you have to go and talk to your boss, and you can see your boss is on the
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ไธŠๅธใจ่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œ ใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ไธŠๅธใŒ
14:46
phone in the room and he doesn't like to be disturbed, you might go and knock, open the
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้ƒจๅฑ‹ใง้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€้‚ช้ญ”ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅซŒใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€่กŒใฃใฆใƒŽใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใ€
14:53
door and say: "Sorry to bother you, but..."
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ใƒ‰ใ‚ขใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใŠ้‚ช้ญ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒ...ใ€
15:01
Or you might say: "Excuse me, Sir" or "Madam" if it's a woman.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ๅฅณๆ€งใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ตใƒผใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใƒžใƒ€ใƒ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ .
15:10
These two words are considered to be honorific language.
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ใ“ใฎไบŒใคใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏๆ•ฌ่ชžใจใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:16
When you call someone a "Sir" or a "Madam", it's showing a lot of respect to them.
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่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ใ€Œใ‚ตใƒผใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใƒžใƒ€ใƒ ใ€ใจๅ‘ผใถใจใใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใธใฎๆ•ฌๆ„ใ‚’่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:21
When I was at school, we always called the male teachers "Sir", and we called the female
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็งใŒๅญฆๆ กใซใ„ใŸใจใใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ ็”ทๆ€งใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ‚’ใ€Œใ‚ตใƒผใ€ใจๅ‘ผใณใ€ๅฅณๆ€งใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ‚’ใ€ŒใƒŸใ‚นใ€ใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
15:31
teachers "Miss"; we didn't use the word "Madam".
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ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œใƒžใƒ€ใƒ ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
15:35
I'm not really sure if schools still use...
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ๅญฆๆ กใŒไปŠใงใ‚‚ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“...
15:40
Schools in England still use the word "Sir", because in a lot of ways we've lost so many
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎๅญฆๆ กใงใฏไปŠใงใ‚‚ใ€ŒSirใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰
15:47
of these traditions of showing a lot of respect to people.
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ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:52
So, let me know in a comment if you know what people use at school, whether they're still
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ไบบใ€…ใŒๅญฆๆ กใงไฝ•ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใพใ ใ€Œใ‚ตใƒผใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใใ ใ•ใ„
15:57
saying "Sir".
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.
15:59
So, if you say...
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰
16:02
In this example sentence: "Excuse me, Sir", the fact that we're using "Sir" or "Madam"
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... ใ“ใฎไพ‹ๆ–‡๏ผšใ€ŒExcuse me, Sirใ€ใงใฏ ใ€ใ€ŒSirใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒMadamใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸ
16:07
shows a lot more respect than if we just say: "Excuse me."
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ใฏใ€ๅ˜ใซใ€ŒExcuse me.ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅ ดๅˆใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎๆ•ฌๆ„ใ‚’็คบใ— ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:13
Next, knock on the door: "Sorry to disturb you" or "Sorry for intruding" when you disturb
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใƒ‰ใ‚ขใ‚’ใƒŽใƒƒใ‚ฏใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ŒใŠ้‚ช้ญ”ใ—ใฆใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ้‚ช้ญ”ใ—ใฆใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€
16:23
someone, you've ruined their...
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่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’้‚ช้ญ”ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใฎไบบใŒๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™
16:27
The situation they were in before.
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...ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒไปฅๅ‰ใซใ„ใŸ็Šถๆณใ€‚
16:30
Perhaps it was all very calm before, and now you've disturbed them with your big problem.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ไปฅๅ‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ้žๅธธใซ็ฉใ‚„ใ‹ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€ไปŠ ใฏๅคงใใชๅ•้กŒใงๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆ‚ฉใพใ›ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
16:36
And when you intrude on someone...
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใซไพตๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ...
16:41
We call a burglar an intruder, so for you to intrude on someone is...
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็งใŸใกใฏๆณฅๆฃ’ใ‚’ไพตๅ…ฅ่€…ใจๅ‘ผใณ
16:49
Is not considered to be a positive thing, much like how the burglar intrudes in your house.
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ใพใ™.
16:59
If you're intruding on someone, it's very much disturbing them and not desirable at all.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใซไพตๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’้žๅธธใซ้‚ช้ญ”ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใพใฃใŸใๆœ›ใพใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
17:07
Next situation - this one is more...
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ๆฌกใฎ็Šถๆณ - ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจโ€ฆ
17:09
I think we can use this one in a different situation.
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ๅˆฅใฎ็Šถๆณใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
17:14
This one is perhaps you've heard...
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“...
17:16
There was some people talking, they're having a conversation, and perhaps you want to interrupt
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่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใŒใ„ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
17:24
their conversation to say something, you might say: "Don't mind me, but..." and then say
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ไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใŸใ‚ใซไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ไธญๆ–ญใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ ใพใ›ใ‚“: .ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ€
17:31
whatever it is you were going to say.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จ€ใŠใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:34
It's not...
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ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›
17:35
It's not such a huge thing as some of these other examples.
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ใ‚“... ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไป–ใฎไพ‹ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใปใฉๅคงใใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
17:40
And this other example could be you just have something very, very quick to say, and perhaps
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎไป–ใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ้žๅธธใซ้žๅธธใซ่ฟ…้€Ÿใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ
17:50
it's been...
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ...
17:51
You've been waiting for a moment to say, but the people keep talking and it feels like
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒ ใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏ่ฉฑใ—็ถšใ‘
17:56
there's not a good moment, but if you don't speak now you'll be standing there all day,
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ใ€่‰ฏใ„็žฌ้–“ใŒใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™. ใงใ‚‚ใ€ ไปŠ่ฉฑใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญใใ“ใซ็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ
18:01
so you say: "Sorry, just one moment", and you try and say what it is you want to say
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ใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅพ…ใฃ ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ€่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใใซ่จ€ใŠใ†ใจใ—
18:09
quite quickly.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:10
But in other situations, if we use that, if we say: "Sorry, just one moment" it's because
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไป–ใฎ็Šถๆณใงใฏ ใ€ใ€Œใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ ใ‘ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ใใฎไบบใฎๆ™‚้–“ใฎ
18:16
we feel we can only take one moment of that person's time.
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ใปใ‚“ใฎไธ€็žฌใ—ใ‹ๅ–ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใงใ™.
18:24
If we take more than one moment, it's too much.
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ไธ€็žฌไปฅไธŠใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅคš ใ™ใŽใพใ™ใ€‚
18:28
You know?
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ใปใ‚‰๏ผŸ
18:29
You don't deserve it.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใซๅ€คใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
18:32
And lastly, instead of just asking a question when we want to know something, some people
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€
18:39
say: "May I ask you a question?" or "Can I ask you a question?" first so they get that
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ใŸใ ่ณชๅ•ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ใ€Œ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ๆœ€ๅˆใซๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใใฎ่จฑๅฏใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™
18:45
permission.
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ใ€‚
18:47
"May" is generally considered even more polite than saying "Can".
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ใ€ŒMayใ€ใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ€ŒCanใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:54
All right, so now I thought we'd go back to Dobby the House-Elf and look at some of his
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใงใฏๅฑ‹ๆ•ทใ—ใ‚‚ในๅฆ–็ฒพใฎใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผใซๆˆปใฃใฆใ€ๅฝผใฎๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎๅ่จ€ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใ‚ˆใ†
19:01
best quotes.
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ใ€‚
19:02
And we're going to look at House-Elf speak - that's a way of saying how house-elves speak:
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฑ‹ๆ•ทใ—ใ‚‚ในๅฆ–็ฒพใฎ่ฉฑใ—ๆ–นใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ - ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅฑ‹ๆ•ทใ—ใ‚‚ในๅฆ–็ฒพใŒ ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉฑใ™ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™:
19:11
What kind of language do they use?
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่จ€่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
19:15
So, let's start with this one: "Dobby is very sorry, Dobby had to iron his hands", and he
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€Œใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผใฏ้žๅธธใซ ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผใฏๆ‰‹ใ‚’ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒญใƒณใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
19:25
gets so cross with himself; he hates himself so much for making a mistake that to punish
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ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใ“ใจใง่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅซŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
19:32
himself he'll iron his hands; he'll burn his hands to show how very sorry he is.
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’็ฝฐใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆ‰‹ใซใ‚ขใ‚คใƒญใƒณใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏๆ‰‹ใ‚’็ซๅ‚ทใ—ใฆใ€ ๅฝผใŒใฉใ‚Œใปใฉ็”ณใ—่จณใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:41
And what's interesting about Dobby's language, here, is Dobby is speaking about himself using
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใง่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใฎ ใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
19:51
his...
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ใ“ใจใงใ™...
19:52
He refers to himself as "Dobby", so it would be like me talking about myself, and saying:
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ๅฝผใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’ใ€Œใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผใ€ใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ็งใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ€
19:59
"Jade does this".
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ใ€Œใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚คใƒ‰ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€.
20:01
When somebody...
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒ...
20:02
It's really unusual language, actually, because we call it speaking in the third-person, and
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ใ—ใ„่จ€่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ ็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธ‰ไบบ็งฐใง่ฉฑใ™ใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
20:10
in British English the only person who's really known for doing that is the Queen.
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ใงใ™.ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชž ใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎไบบใฏๅฅณ็Ž‹ใงใ™.
20:19
So, it's a bit...
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ...
20:20
It's a bit unusual to get a house-elf doing it, but I suppose it just gives the...
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ๅฑ‹ๆ•ทใ—ใ‚‚ในๅฆ–็ฒพใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ ใŒใ€็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใ ใจๆ€ใ„
20:28
When he talks about himself that way, it gives an unusual quality to his...
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ใพใ™. ไป–ใฎ
20:34
To his speech and his character that most other characters don't do, so that's why it
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎใ‚ญใƒฃใƒฉใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใƒผใŒใ—ใชใ„ๅฝผใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใจๅฝผใฎๆ€งๆ ผ ใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ
20:39
sticks in our minds.
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็งใŸใกใฎๅฟƒใซๆฎ‹ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใงใ™.
20:41
Or maybe it could be, just thinking about it now, that Dobby has no sense of self.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ไปŠๆ€ใˆ ใฐใ€ใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผใซใฏ่‡ชๆˆ‘ใŒใชใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
20:51
In a way, he has no... because he's so much about other people, he has no personality
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ€ๅฝผใซใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“... ๅฝผใฏไป–ไบบใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใจใฆใ‚‚ ๆฐ—ใซใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅฝผใซใฏๅ€‹ๆ€ง
20:59
that he...
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
21:00
In a way, he doesn't... he doesn't have a "me"; he's just...
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ใพใ›ใ‚“... ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใ€ๅฝผใซใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“... ๅฝผใซใฏ ใ€Œ็งใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใŸใ ...
21:04
He's just the name.
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ๅฝผใฏใŸใ ใฎๅๅ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:05
And he...
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ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใฏ...
21:06
He looks at himself from the outside.
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ๅฝผใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’ๅค–ๅดใ‹ใ‚‰่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:09
Maybe I'm going a bit deep, there, but it just came to me.
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ๅคšๅˆ†็งใฏใใ“ใซๅฐ‘ใ—ๆทฑใ่กŒใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏ็งใซๆฅใพใ—ใŸ.
21:14
Next example: "Dobby is used to death threats, Sir.
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ๆฌกใฎ ไพ‹ใ€‚
21:18
Dobby gets them five times a day at home."
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21:22
So, poor Dobby, he works as a kind of slave to the wizard family, and they're so horrible
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ๅฏๅ“€ๆƒณใชใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผใ€ๅฝผใฏ้ญ”ๆณ•ไฝฟใ„ไธ€ๅฎถใฎไธ€็จฎใฎๅฅด้šทใจใ—ใฆๅƒใ„
21:33
to him and they treat him so badly that they give him death threats every day of his life.
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:41
So, imagine how traumatizing that would be, and how scary it would be, and how abused
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใ‚Œใปใฉใƒˆใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒžใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ ใ€ใฉใ‚Œใปใฉๆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใใ†ใชใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผใŒใฉใ‚Œใปใฉ่™ๅพ…ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
21:52
poor Dobby is; but yet, he says: "Oh, I'm used to it."
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅฝผใฏใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€็งใฏ ใใ‚Œใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:57
Poor, little elf.
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ใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใใ†ใชใ€ๅฐใ•ใชใ‚จใƒซใƒ•ใ€‚
21:59
And the next example is: "Dobby is always having to punish himself for something, Sir.
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ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใฏๆฌกใฎ ใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
22:06
They lets Dobby get on with it."
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22:08
So, he has to give himself his own punishment.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซ็ฝฐใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
22:16
It's a kind of responsibility in a...
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ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€็จฎใฎ่ฒฌไปปใงใ™
22:18
In a way.
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... ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ€‚
22:20
And for a house-elf, maybe this is seen as a...
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ใใ—ใฆๅฑ‹ๆ•ทใ—ใ‚‚ในๅฆ–็ฒพใซใจใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ
22:26
In a way, it shows how good he is at his job because he's able to punish himself, and he
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โ€ฆๅฝผใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’็ฝฐใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅฝผใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใซใฉใ‚Œใปใฉๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ— ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผ
22:34
doesn't need to be...
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ใฏใใ†ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“โ€ฆๅฝผใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Š
22:35
He doesn't need the wizards to tell him how to punish himself; they just say: "Get on
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ใพใ›ใ‚“. ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’็ฝฐใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’้ญ”ๆณ•ไฝฟใ„ใซๆ•™ใˆใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใŸใ ใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œ
22:41
with it.
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22:42
I trust you to do that.
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ใŒใ‚“ใฐใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ†ใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใŒใ‚“ใฐใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
22:43
Get on with it."
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ใ€ใ€‚
22:44
So, Dobby being a very good house-elf, he knows how to punish himself.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผใฏ้žๅธธใซๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸๅฑ‹ๆ•ทใ—ใ‚‚ในๅฆ–็ฒพใชใฎใงใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’็ฝฐใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:51
And the last example here is: "Socks are Dobby's favourite clothes, Sir."
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€ใ€Œ้ดไธ‹ใฏใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผใฎ ใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎๆœใงใ™ใ€ใ‚ตใƒผใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
22:57
And here are some socks.
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ใใ—ใฆใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฏ้ดไธ‹ใ€‚
23:00
So, whereas humans tend to think about socks as...
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ใงใฏใ€ไบบ้–“ใฏ้ดไธ‹ใ‚’ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่€ƒใˆใŒใก ใงใ™ใŒ
23:08
In a way, when we find them on the floor, we find them to be dirty even if they're clean
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ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ€ๅบŠใซ ่ฝใกใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ‚Œใ„ใช้ดไธ‹ใงใ‚‚ๆฑšใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ™
23:13
socks.
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ใ€‚
23:14
Odd socks are never a desirable thing.
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ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใช้ดไธ‹ใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆๆœ›ใพใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
23:17
We especially don't like other people's socks.
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็‰นใซไป–ไบบใฎ้ดไธ‹ใฏๅซŒใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
23:19
For Dobby, they are outfits, so he takes perhaps the lowliest and least luxurious piece of
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ใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผใซใจใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ่กฃ่ฃ…ใชใฎใงใ€ๅฝผใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ ใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบ้–“ใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚่ณช็ด ใงใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚่ฑช่ฏใงใฏใชใ„
23:33
clothing that many humans have; and to Dobby, they become favourite, special outfits.
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ๆœใ‚’็€ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผ ใซใจใฃใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎ็‰นๅˆฅใช่กฃ่ฃ…ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™.
23:40
So, there we...
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ใงใฏใ€
23:43
There we know a little bit about Dobby's language.
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ใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผใฎ่จ€่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‘ใ—็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:47
And if we use a lot of effects like Dobby does when he's speaking, calling other people
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใƒ‰ใƒ“ใƒผ ใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใ‚’
23:53
"Sir" and making ourselves small, this will show other people that we are less important
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ใ€Œใ‚ตใƒผใ€ใจๅ‘ผใณใ€่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’ๅฐใ•ใใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅŠนๆžœใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ไฝฟใ†ใจใ€ ไป–ใฎไบบใซ็งใŸใกใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚้‡่ฆใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ใ“ใจใŒ
24:01
than them.
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ใงใใพใ™.
24:03
So, what you can do now is do the quiz on this lesson.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไปŠใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚
24:07
And thank you so much for watching, and I'll see you again soon.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ใพใŸใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
24:11
Bye.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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