Are you using submissive language?

90,327 views ใƒป 2019-06-01

English Jade


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hey, everyone.
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์•ˆ๋…• ๋ชจ๋‘๋“ค.
00:01
In today's lesson we're looking at submissive language.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณต์ข…ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:03
"Submissive language" is when you speak in a way that makes you really, really small
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"์ˆœ์ข…์ ์ธ ์–ธ์–ด"๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์ •๋ง๋กœ, ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ž‘๊ณ 
00:09
and not important, and the person to whom you're speaking is all so special and so amazing,
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์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งค์šฐ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋†€๋ž๊ณ 
00:15
and much more important than you.
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๋‹น์‹ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
An example of a character who uses submissive language is Dobby the House-Elf.
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๋ณต์ข…ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋กœ๋Š” ์ง‘์š”์ • ๋„๋น„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
Dobby the House-Elf is in all the Harry Potter films.
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House-Elf Dobby๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  Harry Potter ์˜ํ™”์— ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
Here is one of Dobby's quotes, and this is from Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋„๋น„์˜ ์ธ์šฉ๋ฌธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ด๋ฆฌํฌํ„ฐ์™€ ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์™•์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
"Dobby is a free house-elf and he can obey anyone he likes, and Dobby will do whatever
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"๋„๋น„๋Š” ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ์ง‘์š”์ •์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ ๋ณต์ข…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋„๋น„๋Š”
00:44
Harry Potter wants him to do!"
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ํ•ด๋ฆฌ ํฌํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!"
00:46
So, what's interesting about this quote in terms of submissive language is: "Dobby is
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณต์ข…ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ด ์ธ์šฉ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์€ "๋„๋น„๋Š”
00:54
a free house-elf", and the thing about the house-elves in Harry Potter is they are like
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์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ์ง‘์š”์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"์ด๋ฉฐ ํ•ด๋ฆฌํฌํ„ฐ์˜ ์ง‘์š”์ •์€
01:01
the slaves of some of the wizards; the bad kind of wizards in Harry Potter have house-elves
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์‚ฌ์˜ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Harry Potter์˜ ๋‚˜์œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง‘์š”์ •์„
01:10
as slaves and they do everything for them.
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๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋กœ ์‚ผ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
But Dobby is a house-elf who won his...
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋„๋น„๋Š”
01:18
Who considers himself to be free; but yet, if we look at his language, he says: "He can
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์ž์‹ ์ด ์ž์œ ๋กญ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ง‘์š”์ •... ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด "๊ทธ๋Š”
01:25
obey anyone".
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ ์ˆœ์ข…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
When you obey someone, it means you do what they tell you.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ˆœ์ข…ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
So, he's free; but yet, he obeys anyone.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์œ ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ ์ˆœ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
So it's a...
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€...
01:37
It's a contradiction.
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๋ชจ์ˆœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
"And Dobby will do whatever Harry Potter wants him to do".
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"๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„๋น„๋Š” ํ•ด๋ฆฌ ํฌํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋ญ๋“ ์ง€ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
01:43
So, although he's a free house-elf now, I guess Dobby hasn't changed that much because
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ์ง‘์š”์ •์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋„๋น„๋Š” ํ•ด๋ฆฌ ํฌํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
01:52
he's happy to do whatever Harry Potter wants him to do, because Dobby is very grateful
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๋„๋น„๋Š”
01:59
to Harry Potter and he respects him very much, so we see it in the language that he uses.
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ํ•ด๋ฆฌ ํฌํ„ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ์กด๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
02:05
So, most of us, we aren't going to use submissive language in such an obvious way like Dobby
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ง‘์š”์ • ๋„๋น„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต์ข…ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
the House-Elf, but there might be signs of it in our speech, and that's what we're going
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02:19
to look at in this lesson.
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์ˆ˜์—….
02:21
I'm going to give lots of examples where, without realizing it, we might speak a little
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ด์—
02:26
bit like Dobby the House-Elf.
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์ง‘์š”์ • ๋„๋น„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
Okay, first, before we get there, I want to talk about what this kind of language shows
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๋จผ์ €, ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:37
about us as a person.
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.
02:40
Some of it's good, and in some situations we might look at it as...
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ข‹๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„...
02:45
We might see it as a negative thing in some situations.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
It might be good for us sometimes, but if we use it too much and we make ourselves small
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ
02:55
in that situation, maybe it's not helpful for us.
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๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:58
So, first of all, when we talk in this way, sometimes it has the appearance of being very
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ์„ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ
03:07
polite language.
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๊ณต์†ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ผ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
And that's good in a way-isn't it?-because it seems that we have good manners, and we
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค-๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?-์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
03:15
are...
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...
03:16
We are a charming person because we're being very polite.
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๋งค์šฐ ์˜ˆ์˜๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
But then if we go too polite, sometimes it doesn't seem that genuine or authentic, perhaps.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ณต์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„์ •์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง„์ •์„ฑ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
So, when we use this kind of language as well, it shows that we're considerate people; we're
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ ค ๊นŠ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
03:39
people that think about the needs of others first.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํ•„์š”๋ฅผ ๋จผ์ € ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
The people we like especially, we make them very, very important and we care about what
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํŠนํžˆ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
03:47
they think.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
So, this shows that we think of other people and not just of ourselves.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:54
This kind of language also shows that we're conscientious people.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์‹คํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:58
It means that we...
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€... ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
04:01
We have a...
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...
04:03
We care what other people think of us, and we want other people to think that we're kind
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ฐ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์นœ์ ˆ
04:09
of people, and good people, and helpful people.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
And then the next thing this kind of language shows about us is low status.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง€์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
That's another way of saying: "Oh, I'm...
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ "์˜ค, ๋‚˜๋Š”...
04:22
I'm not very important; you're more important than I am."
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
Or: "You're more important than I will ever be."
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๋˜๋Š” "๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ."
04:29
So it's not very helpful to use that kind of speech in many life situations, for example,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ถ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ง์—…์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ง์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
in many jobs; but then on the other hand, in some jobs if you have a big boss, your
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํฐ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋Ÿฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๋Š”
04:48
big boss is probably really happy if you make yourself small and look up to them.
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ํฐ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ ์ •๋ง ํ–‰๋ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:54
So it really depends on...
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ...
04:55
On the job that you do.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
And lastly, using this kind of speech shows that you're deferential.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ง์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ณต์†ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
It means that in the way that you deal with other people, you show a lot of respect towards
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์กด๊ฒฝ์‹ฌ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ 
05:14
them and you show a lot of reverence.
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์กด๊ฒฝ์‹ฌ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
And "reverence" is a word that we would usually use in relation to God - to revere something
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "๊ฒฝ์™ธ"๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ
05:28
that's so...
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...
05:29
So...
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์•„์ฃผ...
05:30
So grand above us.
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์•„์ฃผ ์›…์žฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฒฝ์™ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
So, in that sense, if we're differential to other people by using submissive language,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์ข…ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:40
we're making them god-like.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์‹ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
So we can see that if we do a lot of this language it can be quite an extreme effect
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
05:50
in the way we deal with other people.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
We make them so big and ourselves so small, and that's what...
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์•„์ฃผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
That's what Dobby the House-Elf does.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ... ์ง‘์š”์ • ๋„๋น„๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
So, here is some examples of ways that we probably don't realize we're using submissive language.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์ข…ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
We might look at these...
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
06:12
These phrases and these sentences as if they're polite things to say, but then we've probably
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์ด ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ๊ณต์†ํ•œ ๋ง์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ
06:18
not stopped to ever think about it.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
Okay, so here's the...
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ...
06:21
In this example, it's like: "I must ask you for permission for everything.
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์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
06:33
Even small things I must ask your permission first; I can't just do it."
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๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
So, let's imagine you are in a new place or you're at somebody's house, and you've never
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์žฅ์†Œ์— ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ง‘์— ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ
06:47
used the toilet there in their house or the loo, you've never used it, so you would say
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์ง‘์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์ด๋‚˜ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
06:54
to the person: "Do you mind if I use your toilet?" or "Do you mind if I use your loo?"
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ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค ์ข€ ์จ๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ์š” ?" ๋˜๋Š” "ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?"
07:04
Now, someone who spoke in a more direct way or a way where they didn't use this kind of
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์ด์ œ ์ข€ ๋” ์ง์„ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณต์†ํ•จ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
07:15
politeness about: "Is it...?
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"๊ทธ๊ฒŒ...?
07:17
Can I have permission?" they would just say: "Where's the toilet?"
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ํ—ˆ๋ฝ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?" ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์ด ์–ด๋””์•ผ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
There's no: "Is it okay"?
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"๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”"๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‚˜์š”?
07:24
"Where is it?
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"์–ด๋””์•ผ?
07:26
I'm going there - just give me the information."
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐˆ๊ฒŒ. ์ •๋ณด๋งŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค˜."
07:30
Another example: "Is it okay if I use the toilet?
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ: "ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ์š” ?
07:36
Is it okay?"
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„๊นŒ์š”?"
07:37
Well, why wouldn't it be okay?
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์™œ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:39
Maybe if the toilet was all...
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์•„๋งˆ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์ด ์˜จํ†ต..
07:43
All overflowing and there was a...
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๋‹ค ๋„˜์น˜๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—...
07:46
There was a problem with the plumbing that day, maybe then it wouldn't be okay, but 99
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๊ทธ๋‚  ๋ฐฐ๊ด€์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
07:53
times out of 100, it usually is okay if you use the toilet somewhere.
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100๋ฒˆ ์ค‘ 99๋ฒˆ์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์— ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
07:58
"Would it be okay if I used the toilet?"
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"ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„๊นŒ์š”?"
08:03
Same example.
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๊ฐ™์€ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
And: "Would it be okay with you if I were to use the toilet?"
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ : "๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„๊นŒ์š” ?" ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ
08:12
When we make the sentence longer like that by adding in more polite words, then we become
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ณต์†ํ•œ ๋ง์„ ๋”ํ•ด์„œ
08:22
more and more like Dobby the House-Elf, because all of these are asking for permission, but
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์ ์  ์ง‘์š”์ • ๋„๋น„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋‹ค ํ—ˆ๋ฝ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ๋ฐ,
08:30
when we put in polite...
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08:31
Extra polite words, like...
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๊ณต์†ํ•œ ๋ง์„ ๋„ฃ์œผ๋ฉด... ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด...
08:38
Here we're basically repeating...
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
08:40
We're repeating: "Would it be okay with you" and then to say: "if I were to" - we're repeating.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„๊นŒ์š”? "
08:49
We're...
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”... ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ 
08:50
We're so nervous about saying what we want to say that we add in more words and we take
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์‹ถ์€ ๋ง์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ธด์žฅํ•ด์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ง์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ 
08:55
longer about it, so that's another sign that we are making ourselves...
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๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
09:01
We're being so polite that we're making ourselves small in language.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
Okay, so another thing that people do that's similar to Dobby the House-Elf is that sometimes
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์ž, ์ง‘์š”์ • ๋„๋น„์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰๋™์€ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ
09:17
we don't trust our own judgment and our ability to make decisions, so we ask other people
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ์ • ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
09:26
what we should do.
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ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์„ ๋ฌป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
So, Dobby, he's a free house-elf now, but perhaps he's not good at making decisions;
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๋„๋น„, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ์ง‘์š”์ •์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์ž˜ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
he wants to know what other people would do first.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋จผ์ € ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ• ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:39
And then when they tell him, he'll make the decision.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
But, really, he's not making the decision because he's asking everybody else first,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Š”
09:48
rather than asking himself.
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์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌป๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋จผ์ € ๋ฌป๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
So, let's give an example for these sentences.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
09:57
Imagine you live in England.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜๊ตญ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
10:01
It rains quite a lot in England, but the rain can be unpredictable.
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์˜๊ตญ์—๋Š” ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊ฝค ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
You don't know necessarily it's going to rain in the morning when you leave your house.
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์•„์นจ์— ์ง‘์„ ๋‚˜์„œ๋ฉด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
You might look up at the clouds, and it's a little bit cloudy, but it might rain, it
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๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€
10:18
might not.
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์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
So, because you're not sure, you might ask your mom or somebody you live with, your housemate
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—„๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋™๊ฑฐ์ธ, ๋™๊ฑฐ์ธ
10:27
or something, you might ask what they think about the weather and the situation for rain,
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๋“ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚ ์”จ์™€ ๋น„์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
and that way you don't make this big decision by yourself of whether you bring an umbrella
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10:43
out with you that day or you don't.
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๊ทธ๋‚  ์šฐ์‚ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ์ง€ ์•ˆ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐˆ์ง€๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
10:46
So, really, you want to know: Is it going to rain today?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์ •๋ง๋กœ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๊นŒ์š”?
10:52
If the answer is yes, you'll bring an umbrella and you won't get wet, but you say it like
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์ด ์˜ˆ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์šฐ์‚ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ณ  ์ –์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
this: "Do you think I should take an umbrella today?" which means: Do you think it will rain?
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"์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์šฐ์‚ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ˆ ?" ์ฆ‰, ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‚˜์š”?
11:11
"Do you think it's better to take an umbrella today or wear a rain jacket?"
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"์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์šฐ์‚ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚˜์„๊นŒ์š”, ์šฐ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ž…๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚˜์„๊นŒ์š”?"
11:25
What...
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๋ญ...
11:27
I've written "bowl" there, but we can change it for "jacket"; that would make more sense.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— "bowl"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ผ๋Š”๋ฐ "jacket"์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋ง์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
"What jacket do you think is better?"
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"์–ด๋–ค ์žฌํ‚ท์ด ๋” ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”?"
11:39
So, maybe I've got a jacket that's really warm that I want to wear for a really cold
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ •๋ง ์ถ”์šด ๋‚ ์— ์ž…๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ •๋ง ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ ์žฌํ‚ท์ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
11:45
day or I've got my rain jacket, and I'm asking: "What jacket do you think is better?" for
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๋ ˆ์ธ ์žฌํ‚ท์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ "์–ด๋–ค ์žฌํ‚ท์ด ๋” ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
them to decide to me...
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก...
11:56
For me by thinking about the weather.
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๋‚ ์”จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด.
12:02
And this example we can imagine it, like: Let's say you're going...
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์ด ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด...
12:08
You're going out with someone, you're going to go for a coffee that afternoon, or maybe
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ๋‚  ์˜คํ›„์— ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
12:17
it will be something a little bit more special - maybe you'd be going out for dinner or something.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. - ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์™ธ์ถœํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
And you say to the other person: "Should I get ready now?"
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์—๊ฒŒ " ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ค€๋น„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:28
Or: "Should I...?
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๋˜๋Š”: "๋‚ด๊ฐ€...ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
12:29
Should I start getting ready now?"
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?"
12:32
Because depending on what they say, that's when you'll change your outfit and get your...
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜ท์„ ๊ฐˆ์•„์ž…๊ณ  ์˜ท์„ ๊ฐˆ์•„์ž…๊ณ ...
12:38
Get your hair ready and your makeup.
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ํ—ค์–ด์™€ ๋ฉ”์ดํฌ์—…์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
12:41
So, all of these examples, if they are for small choices, like taking an umbrella out
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์‚ฐ์„ ๊บผ๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
12:53
or what jacket to wear, these are signs that we trust other people's judgement more than
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์–ด๋–ค ์žฌํ‚ท์„ ์ž…์„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž‘์€ ์„ ํƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ๋” ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:01
our own.
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.
13:02
It's not necessarily a bad thing, but it depends on the person that we're asking.
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๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:11
If we just ask everybody, you know: "What should I do?
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๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋ฉด "์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
13:14
What do you think?"
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”?"
13:16
If we always ask every single person and we don't make decisions for ourselves, that shows
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๊ณ  ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
13:22
that we are a bit like Dobby the House-Elf.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์š”์ • ๋„๋น„์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:25
But if there are some people whose advice or knowledge we really respect, then I don't
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์กด๊ฒฝํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ์–ธ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
13:35
think it's wrong to ask them for things like this.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž˜๋ชป์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:38
I'm just showing so that we're aware how...
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ...
13:43
How we can build sentences in a way, without realizing it, and never really thinking about it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊นจ๋‹ซ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ฑ„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:50
Coming next we've got some more examples.
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:52
The next example is a situation where you hate to impose.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:58
When you impose on someone, you're disturbing them so much.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:03
You're coming to them with your problems, and you...
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€...
14:10
You feel bad about doing that, so you don't really want to impose on someone.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:15
And because of that, the language shows that you're sorry, in a way.
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:24
And the language shows a higher level of politeness than we would normally use because we're imposing;
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ณต์†ํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
we're really sorry about it.
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์ •๋ง ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:33
So let's say you have to go and talk to your boss, and you can see your boss is on the
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
14:46
phone in the room and he doesn't like to be disturbed, you might go and knock, open the
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๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ํ†ตํ™” ์ค‘์ด๊ณ  ๋ฐฉํ•ด๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋…ธํฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
14:53
door and say: "Sorry to bother you, but..."
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๋ฌธ์„ ์—ด๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ท€์ฐฎ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ..."
15:01
Or you might say: "Excuse me, Sir" or "Madam" if it's a woman.
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๋˜๋Š” "์‹ค๋ก€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜" ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด "๋ถ€์ธ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:10
These two words are considered to be honorific language.
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์ด ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์กด๋Œ“๋ง๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:16
When you call someone a "Sir" or a "Madam", it's showing a lot of respect to them.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ "Sir" ๋˜๋Š” "Madam"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์กด๊ฒฝ์‹ฌ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:21
When I was at school, we always called the male teachers "Sir", and we called the female
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‚จ์ž ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์„ "์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ €๊ณ , ์—ฌ์ž
15:31
teachers "Miss"; we didn't use the word "Madam".
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์„ "๋ฏธ์Šค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๋งˆ๋‹ด"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:35
I'm not really sure if schools still use...
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ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
15:40
Schools in England still use the word "Sir", because in a lot of ways we've lost so many
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์˜๊ตญ์˜ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ "Sir"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฉด์—์„œ
15:47
of these traditions of showing a lot of respect to people.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์กด๊ฒฝ์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „ํ†ต์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
So, let me know in a comment if you know what people use at school, whether they're still
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ
15:57
saying "Sir".
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"์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:59
So, if you say...
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16:02
In this example sentence: "Excuse me, Sir", the fact that we're using "Sir" or "Madam"
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "Excuse me, Sir"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด "Sir" ๋˜๋Š” "Madam"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด "Excuse me"๋ผ๊ณ 
16:07
shows a lot more respect than if we just say: "Excuse me."
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๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์กด๊ฒฝ์‹ฌ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
16:13
Next, knock on the door: "Sorry to disturb you" or "Sorry for intruding" when you disturb
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‘๋“œ๋ฆฌ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. "๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•ด์„œ ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋˜๋Š” "๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•ด์„œ ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:23
someone, you've ruined their...
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16:27
The situation they were in before.
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."
16:30
Perhaps it was all very calm before, and now you've disturbed them with your big problem.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์กฐ์šฉํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:36
And when you intrude on someone...
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์นจ์ž…ํ•  ๋•Œ...
16:41
We call a burglar an intruder, so for you to intrude on someone is...
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„๋‘‘์„ ์นจ์ž…์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์นจ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€...
16:49
Is not considered to be a positive thing, much like how the burglar intrudes in your house.
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๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ง‘์— ์นจ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:59
If you're intruding on someone, it's very much disturbing them and not desirable at all.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:07
Next situation - this one is more...
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ƒํ™ฉ - ์ด๊ฑด ์ข€ ๋”...
17:09
I think we can use this one in a different situation.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š” .
17:14
This one is perhaps you've heard...
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
17:16
There was some people talking, they're having a conversation, and perhaps you want to interrupt
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์•„๋งˆ๋„
17:24
their conversation to say something, you might say: "Don't mind me, but..." and then say
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ." ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ
17:31
whatever it is you were going to say.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๋งํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
17:34
It's not...
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€... ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋“ค
17:35
It's not such a huge thing as some of these other examples.
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์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
17:40
And this other example could be you just have something very, very quick to say, and perhaps
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ๋„
17:50
it's been...
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€...
17:51
You've been waiting for a moment to say, but the people keep talking and it feels like
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ„์† ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ 
17:56
there's not a good moment, but if you don't speak now you'll be standing there all day,
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์ข‹์€ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์„œ ์žˆ์„ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ
18:01
so you say: "Sorry, just one moment", and you try and say what it is you want to say
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"์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž ์‹œ๋งŒ์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„
18:09
quite quickly.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:10
But in other situations, if we use that, if we say: "Sorry, just one moment" it's because
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, "์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž ์‹œ๋งŒ์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„
18:16
we feel we can only take one moment of that person's time.
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ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
18:24
If we take more than one moment, it's too much.
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ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ƒ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:28
You know?
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์•Œ์ž–์•„?
18:29
You don't deserve it.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ž๊ฒฉ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:32
And lastly, instead of just asking a question when we want to know something, some people
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ
18:39
say: "May I ask you a question?" or "Can I ask you a question?" first so they get that
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๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ•ด๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?" ๋˜๋Š” " ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•ด๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?" ๋จผ์ € ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:45
permission.
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.
18:47
"May" is generally considered even more polite than saying "Can".
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"May"๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ "Can"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ •์ค‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:54
All right, so now I thought we'd go back to Dobby the House-Elf and look at some of his
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ์ง‘์š”์ • ๋„๋น„์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์˜
19:01
best quotes.
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์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ธ์šฉ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ž๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:02
And we're going to look at House-Elf speak - that's a way of saying how house-elves speak:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  House-Elf speak๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์šฐ์Šค ์—˜ํ”„๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:11
What kind of language do they use?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
19:15
So, let's start with this one: "Dobby is very sorry, Dobby had to iron his hands", and he
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "๋„๋น„๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ด, ๋„๋น„๋Š” ์†์„ ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ ํ–ˆ์–ด
19:25
gets so cross with himself; he hates himself so much for making a mistake that to punish
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." ๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ €์ง€๋ฅธ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฏธ์›Œํ•˜์—ฌ
19:32
himself he'll iron his hands; he'll burn his hands to show how very sorry he is.
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์ž์‹ ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์†์„ ๋‹ค๋ฆผ์งˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•œ์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์†์„ ํƒœ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ
19:41
And what's interesting about Dobby's language, here, is Dobby is speaking about himself using
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Dobby์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์—์„œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์€ Dobby๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ง์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:51
his...
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19:52
He refers to himself as "Dobby", so it would be like me talking about myself, and saying:
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์„
19:59
"Jade does this".
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"Dobby"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:01
When somebody...
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€...
20:02
It's really unusual language, actually, because we call it speaking in the third-person, and
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ํŠน์ดํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ 3์ธ์นญ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:10
in British English the only person who's really known for doing that is the Queen.
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์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์—ฌ์™•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:19
So, it's a bit...
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ข€...
20:20
It's a bit unusual to get a house-elf doing it, but I suppose it just gives the...
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์ง‘์š”์ •์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ข€ ์ด๋ก€์ ์ธ ์ผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ , ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹จ์ง€...
20:28
When he talks about himself that way, it gives an unusual quality to his...
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ์˜...
20:34
To his speech and his character that most other characters don't do, so that's why it
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ๋งํˆฌ์™€ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด
20:39
sticks in our minds.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋‚จ๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:41
Or maybe it could be, just thinking about it now, that Dobby has no sense of self.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋„๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ž์•„๊ฐ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:51
In a way, he has no... because he's so much about other people, he has no personality
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ, ๊ทธ๋Š”... ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๊ทธ๋Š”
20:59
that he...
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...
21:00
In a way, he doesn't... he doesn't have a "me"; he's just...
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ, ๊ทธ๋Š”... ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” "๋‚˜"๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€...
21:04
He's just the name.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ด๋ฆ„์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:05
And he...
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š”...
21:06
He looks at himself from the outside.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณธ๋‹ค.
21:09
Maybe I'm going a bit deep, there, but it just came to me.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊นŠ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:14
Next example: "Dobby is used to death threats, Sir.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ: "๋„๋น„๋Š” ์‚ดํ•ด ์œ„ํ˜‘์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜.
21:18
Dobby gets them five times a day at home."
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๋„๋น„๋Š” ์ง‘์—์„œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ˜‘๋ฐ•์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
21:22
So, poor Dobby, he works as a kind of slave to the wizard family, and they're so horrible
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ถˆ์Œํ•œ ๋„๋น„, ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์‚ฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋”์ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
21:33
to him and they treat him so badly that they give him death threats every day of his life.
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๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋‚ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํ•ด ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:41
So, imagine how traumatizing that would be, and how scary it would be, and how abused
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ผ์ง€, ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์„œ์šธ์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
21:52
poor Dobby is; but yet, he says: "Oh, I'm used to it."
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๋ถˆ์Œํ•œ ๋„๋น„๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํ•™๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋‹นํ• ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Š” "์˜ค, ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:57
Poor, little elf.
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๋ถˆ์Œํ•œ ์ž‘์€ ์—˜ํ”„.
21:59
And the next example is: "Dobby is always having to punish himself for something, Sir.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋„๋น„๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:06
They lets Dobby get on with it."
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋„๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค ๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
22:08
So, he has to give himself his own punishment.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฒŒ์„ ์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:16
It's a kind of responsibility in a...
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:18
In a way.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š”.
22:20
And for a house-elf, maybe this is seen as a...
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•˜์šฐ์Šค ์—˜ํ”„์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ...
22:26
In a way, it shows how good he is at his job because he's able to punish himself, and he
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ผ์„ ์ž˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿด
22:34
doesn't need to be...
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ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
22:35
He doesn't need the wizards to tell him how to punish himself; they just say: "Get on
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ "๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์„ธ์š”
22:41
with it.
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.
22:42
I trust you to do that.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:43
Get on with it."
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๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์„ธ์š”."
22:44
So, Dobby being a very good house-elf, he knows how to punish himself.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ Dobby๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ์ง‘์š”์ •์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:51
And the last example here is: "Socks are Dobby's favourite clothes, Sir."
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์˜ˆ๋Š” "์–‘๋ง์€ ๋„๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ท์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜."์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:57
And here are some socks.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์–‘๋ง์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:00
So, whereas humans tend to think about socks as...
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์–‘๋ง์„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ...
23:08
In a way, when we find them on the floor, we find them to be dirty even if they're clean
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์–ด์ฐŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์–‘๋ง์„ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋†”๋‘๋ฉด ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ์–‘๋ง์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋”๋Ÿฌ์›Œ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค
23:13
socks.
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.
23:14
Odd socks are never a desirable thing.
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์ด์ƒํ•œ ์–‘๋ง์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:17
We especially don't like other people's socks.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์–‘๋ง์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:19
For Dobby, they are outfits, so he takes perhaps the lowliest and least luxurious piece of
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๋„๋น„์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์˜์ƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฒœ๋ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋œ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด
23:33
clothing that many humans have; and to Dobby, they become favourite, special outfits.
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์˜ท์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Dobby์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์˜์ƒ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:40
So, there we...
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์ž, ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”...
23:43
There we know a little bit about Dobby's language.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„๋น„์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:47
And if we use a lot of effects like Dobby does when he's speaking, calling other people
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Dobby๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„
23:53
"Sir" and making ourselves small, this will show other people that we are less important
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"Sir"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:01
than them.
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.
24:03
So, what you can do now is do the quiz on this lesson.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ‘ธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
24:07
And thank you so much for watching, and I'll see you again soon.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:11
Bye.
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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